48-612: Moss Brook is a watercourse in Rochdale , Greater Manchester and a tributary of the River Roch . It originates in Newbold , and flows Northwards to join the River Roch. The majority of the brook is now culverted. This Greater Manchester location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Rochdale Rochdale ( / ˈ r ɒ tʃ d eɪ l / ROTCH -dayl )
96-647: A central business district in the town centre , which is the local centre of both the town and borough. There is a mixture of high-density urban areas , suburbs , semi-rural and rural locations in Rochdale, but overwhelmingly the land use in the town is urban. For purposes of the Office for National Statistics , the Borough of Rochdale forms the fifth largest settlement of the Greater Manchester Urban Area ,
144-528: A circular area extending three-quarters of a mile from the old market-place. Under the terms of the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 , Rochdale became the head of Rochdale Poor Law Union which was established on 15 February 1837, despite considerable local opposition. In 1856 Rochdale was incorporated as a municipal borough , giving it borough status in the United Kingdom and after 1858 it obtained
192-422: A derivation from reced , an obscure Old English element meaning "hall". Although the name of the river is still pronounced / r oʊ tʃ / (with a long vowel sound), Rochdale is pronounced / ˈ r ɒ tʃ d eɪ l / (with a shorter o sound). A Roman road , leading from Mamucium ( Manchester ) to Eboracum ( York ), crossed the moors at Blackstone Edge . Rochdale was subjected to incursions by
240-458: A grant for a market and an annual fair. The market was held outside the parish church where there was an "Orator's Corner". John Byron bought the manor in 1638 and it was sold by the poet, Lord Byron , in 1823, to the Deardens, who hold the title. Rochdale had no manor house but the "Orchard" built in 1702 and acquired in 1745 by Simon Dearden was the home of the lords of the manor after 1823. It
288-611: A great lordship in England, with lands in Salfordshire , Essex , Suffolk , Nottinghamshire , Derbyshire , Lincolnshire , Hampshire , and North Yorkshire . The principal part of the lordship was in what was then called inter Mersam et Ripam , that is, "between the Mersey and the Ribble " and is now divided between Lancashire , Merseyside , and Greater Manchester . After 1090, he also assumed
336-561: A large part of what is now northern Lancashire. These grants gave Roger effective control of all the lands north of the River Ribble to the River Lune , which formed a natural border between the secure Norman lands in England and the strongly contested Scottish frontier lands in Cumberland . Due to long established lines of communication across Morecambe Bay , Roger also assumed authority over
384-577: A result of this action but held no position in Rufus's government from this point. Roger continued to be loyal to Rufus but in 1102 joined his brothers' failed rebellion against Henry I of England in favor of Robert Curthose. As a result Roger de Poitou lost his English holdings. The King put those in Craven into the governance of Robert de Romille . Roger then went to his wife's holdings in Poitou. Almodis's uncle Odo
432-655: Is a town in Greater Manchester , England, and the administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale . In the 2021 census the town had a population of 111,261, compared to 223,773 for the wider borough. Rochdale is in the foothills of the South Pennines and lies in the dale (valley) of the River Roch , 5 miles (8 km) northwest of Oldham , and 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Manchester . Rochdale's recorded history begins with an entry in
480-414: Is bound by other towns, including Whitworth , Littleborough , Milnrow , Royton , Heywood and Shaw and Crompton , with little or no green space between them. Rochdale's built environment consists of a mixture of infrastructure, housing types and commercial buildings from a number of periods. Rochdale's housing stock is mixed, but has a significant amount of stone or red-brick terraced houses from
528-488: Is one of eight designed by Lutyens in England. The earliest to be erected was at Southampton in 1920; the last at Norwich , in 1927. The monument is made from Cornish granite and sits on the site of a building known as Manor House, which was used as a recruiting station during World War I. The cenotaph was built by Hobson Ltd of Nottingham at a cost of £12,611. It was unveiled by the Earl of Derby on 26 November 1922 and dedicated by
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#1733085412833576-499: Is one of four townships in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale along with Middleton , Heywood and Pennine (a township which includes Littleborough and Wardle ). Rochdale is considered an Urban Subdivision by the local borough council. In 2011, 34.8% of Rochdale's population were non white British, compared with 21.4% for the surrounding borough. Rochdale town also has almost double the percentage of Asians compared with
624-624: The Danes ; the castle that Castleton is named after, and of which no trace remains, was one of twelve Saxon forts possibly destroyed in frequent conflicts that occurred between the Saxons and Danes during the 10th and 11th centuries. At the time of the Norman Conquest the manor was held by a Saxon thegn , Gamel. Rochdale appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Recedham and was described as lying within
672-527: The Domesday Book of 1086 as "Recedham Manor" but can be traced back to the 9th century. The ancient parish of Rochdale was a division of the Salford Hundred and one of the larger ecclesiastical parishes in England, comprising several townships . By 1251, the town had become of such importance that it was granted a royal charter . The town became a centre of northern England 's woollen trade, and by
720-462: The Israel-Hamas war . Six months later Galloway was defeated in the 2024 election by Labour MP Paul Waugh . Rochdale is approximately 450 feet (137 m) above sea level , 10 miles (16 km) north-northeast of Manchester city centre , in the valley of the River Roch . Blackstone Edge , Saddleworth Moor and the South Pennines are close to the east, whilst on all other sides, Rochdale
768-600: The Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale , one of the ten metropolitan boroughs in Greater Manchester . Since 1953, Rochdale has been twinned with Bielefeld in Germany and since 1956 with Tourcoing in France, as well as Sahiwal in Pakistan since 1988 and Lviv in Ukraine since 1992. Sahiwal council has received many gifts like fire brigade trucks, ambulances and grants for hospitals from
816-593: The Rochdale Canal opened, providing the first link over the Pennines between Lancashire and Yorkshire. During the 19th century, Rochdale became one of the world's most prominent cotton processing towns rising to prominence and becoming a major centre for textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution . It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the first ever industrialised towns. By
864-829: The United Kingdom's third largest conurbation . Like much of the British Isles , Rochdale experiences a temperate maritime climate , with relatively cool summers and mild winters. At the 2001 UK census , Rochdale had a population of 95,796. The 2001 population density was 11,186 inhabitants per square mile (4,319/km ), with a 100 to 94.4 female-to-male ratio. Of those over 16 years old, 28.2% were single (never married), 44.0% married, and 8.8% divorced. Rochdale's 37,730 households included 30.4% one-person, 36.6% married couples living together, 8.4% were co-habiting couples, and 11.1% single parents with their children. Of those aged 16–74, 37.1% had no academic qualifications , similar to
912-477: The 1940s. The statue was the first of a woman to be unveiled in Greater Manchester in more than 100 years and was part of the council's wider regeneration of the town centre. In Broadfield Park in the town centre there is a statue of John Bright MP, a British Radical and Liberal statesman, who is regarded as one of the greatest orators of his generation and a promoter of free trade policies. Bright
960-452: The Archdeacon of Rochdale. It is about 10m tall and the top section is a catafalque , which includes a carving of a horizontal figure. Adjacent to the town hall is a statue of the late singer, comedian and actress Dame Gracie Fields . The statue was unveiled by Roy Hudd on Sunday 18 September 2016. It was created by sculptor Sean Hedges-Quinn , who based the statue on Fields's look during
1008-519: The Labour Party. Tony Lloyd (Labour) was elected as MP for Rochdale constituency in the 2017 general election , and represented the constituency until his death on 17 January 2024. The seat was won by George Galloway , leader and founder of the Workers Party of Britain , in the 2024 Rochdale by-election on 29 February 2024, in a campaign that was dominated by opposition to British involvement in
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#17330854128331056-519: The Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, which had a population of 211,699 in 2011. This means the town takes up almost 55% of the borough's population. As of 2021, the town of Rochdale's population was enumerated at 111,261, and its ethnic makeup was 57.2% White , 34.3% Asian , 2.6% Mixed , 3.4% Black , 2.1% Other and 0.5% Arab . The town's religious makeup was 38% Christian , 36% Muslim , 24.2% No Religion, and has small Hindu , Sikh , Buddhist and Jewish communities. More than 40% of children in
1104-549: The Poitevin or Roger de Poitou (mid-1060s – before 1140) was an Anglo-Norman aristocrat possessing large holdings both in England and through his marriage in France during the early 12th century. He was the third son of Roger of Montgomery, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury and Mabel de Bellême . The appellation "the Poitevin" was for his marriage to an heiress from Poitou . Roger acquired
1152-663: The Rochdale borough are living in poverty, There are four grade I listed buildings in the town: the Town Hall, the Cenotaph, the Church of St Mary in the Baum , and St Edmund's Church . Rochdale Town Hall is a Victorian era town hall "widely recognized as being one of the finest municipal buildings in the country". It is the ceremonial headquarters of Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council and houses local government departments, including
1200-602: The administration of Lancashire County Council . In 1900, most of Castleton Urban District was added to the borough; this urban district included parts of Castleton, Hopwood and Thornham townships. In 1933, parts of Norden Urban District and Birtle with Bamford civil parish were added to the borough. Under the Local Government Act 1972 , the town's autonomous county borough status was abolished. The municipal boroughs of Middleton and Heywood and Littleborough , Milnrow and Wardle urban districts are now part of
1248-661: The attention of Adolf Hitler who was said to have admired it so much that he wished to ship the building, brick-by-brick, to Nazi Germany had the United Kingdom been defeated in the Second World War . The Rochdale Cenotaph , a war memorial bearing four sculpted and painted flags, is located opposite the town hall. It commemorates those who died in conflicts since the First World War . The monument and surrounding gardens were designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens . Rochdale’s cenotaph
1296-539: The borough's civil registration office . Built in the Gothic Revival style it was inaugurated on 27 September 1871. The architect, William Henry Crossland , won a competition held in 1864. The town hall had a 240-foot (73 m) clock tower topped by a wooden spire with a gilded statue of Saint George and the Dragon which were destroyed by fire on 10 April 1883. A new 191-foot (58 m) stone clock tower and spire in
1344-535: The castle at Argentan in Normandy, but Roger surrendered it to Philip I of France on the first day of the siege; Roger and his men were held for ransom and purchased their freedom. Although Philip I was an ally of Robert Curthose , it is thought that this action was less a betrayal of Rufus and more a result of Roger's dual vassalage between the King of England and the King of France. Roger did not lose his English lands as
1392-479: The early 18th century was described as being "remarkable for its many wealthy merchants". In the 19th century it became a mill town and centre for textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution . The town is historically within Lancashire , and was a county borough within it before 1974. The town is recorded as Recedham in the Domesday Book and Rachetham in 1193. Variations of Rechedham continue into
1440-434: The end of the 19th century Rochdale had woollen mills, silk manufacturers, bleachers and dyers , though cotton spinning and weaving were the dominant industries in the community. The socioeconomic change brought by the success of Rochdale's textile industry in the 19th century led to its rise to borough status and it became an important regional town based upon this economic success. The Rochdale Pioneers opened
1488-421: The figure for all of Rochdale, but higher than that of 28.9% in all of England. Rochdale has the highest number of Jobseeker's Allowance claimants in Greater Manchester, with 6.1 per cent of its adult population claiming the benefit in early 2010. In 2011, Rochdale had a population of 107,926 which makes it about the same size as Salford and Stockport . The population increased from 95,796 in 2001. Rochdale
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1536-610: The first Cooperative shop in Toad Lane in 1844. The reformer and Member of Parliament , John Bright (1811–1889), was born in Rochdale and gained a reputation as a leader of political dissent and supporter of the Anti-Corn Law League . By the middle of the 20th century, Rochdale's economy was in decline, reflecting the broader economic situation in other textile manufacturing towns in the North West England . This decline
1584-504: The great honour of Eye centered in Suffolk . In 1088, he led a military force with Alan Rufus and Odo of Champagne against William de St-Calais , Bishop of Durham, at the request of William Rufus when the bishop was implicated in a revolt against the king; Roger also negotiated with the bishop on the king's behalf before the bishop went to trial. Roger's father Roger de Montgomery died in 1094. That same year, Rufus sent Roger to hold
1632-563: The hundred of Salford and the county of Cheshire. At that time, Rochdale was under the lordship of Roger the Poitevin . Before 1212, Henry II granted the manor to Roger de Lacy whose family retained it as part of the Honour of Clitheroe until it passed to the Dukes of Lancaster by marriage and then by 1399 to the Crown . In medieval times, weekly markets were held from 1250 when Edmund de Lacy obtained
1680-480: The large chapelry of Saddleworth , which lay entirely in Yorkshire , the parish of Rochdale had an area of 65.4 square miles (169.4 km ). In 1825, commissioners for the social and economic improvement of the town were established. The town became part of a parliamentary borough in 1832. As there were no existing township boundaries, the commissioners and later the parliamentary constituency were deemed to cover
1728-400: The late 19th and early 20th centuries. Rochdale's Town Hall , seven large tower blocks (locally nicknamed 'The Seven Sisters') and a number of former cotton mills mark the town's skyline. The urban structure of Rochdale is regular when compared to most towns in England , its form restricted in places by its hilly upland terrain. Much of Rochdale's built environment is centred around
1776-587: The people of Rochdale. The Rochdale constituency was created by the Reform Act of 1832 . The constituency was held for two decades during the 20th century by Cyril Smith , first of the Liberal Party and then of the Liberal Democrats . Following the 2010 general election , the town was represented by Simon Danczuk , who was elected as a Labour MP but was subsequently suspended and under investigation by
1824-489: The powers of the improvement commissioners. In 1872, the remaining area of Wardleworth township and parts of Castleton, Wuerdle and Wardle, Spotland and Butterworth townships were added to the borough. When the administrative county of Lancashire was created by the Local Government Act 1888 , Rochdale was elevated to become the County Borough of Rochdale and was, in modern terms, a unitary authority area exempt from
1872-469: The regions of Furness and Cartmel ; these remained a part of Lancashire until as recently as 1974. The expansion of Roger's lands followed his support of King William II Rufus 's invasion of Cumbria in 1092, where Dolfin of Carlisle ruled, possibly as a vassal of Scottish King Malcolm Canmore . Dolfin was driven out and the Anglo-Scottish border was established north of Carlisle . Roger also acquired
1920-455: The style of Manchester Town Hall was designed by Alfred Waterhouse , and erected in 1888. Art critic Nikolaus Pevsner described the building as possessing a "rare picturesque beauty". Its stained glass windows, some designed by William Morris , are credited as "the finest modern examples of their kind". It has been described as one of the United Kingdom's finest examples of Victorian Gothic revival architecture. The building came to
1968-526: The textile industry was rooted in the domestic system , but towards the end of the 18th century mills powered by water started to appear. Water power was replaced by steam power in the 19th century and local coal became important. The Deardens who were lords of the manor were among the local coal mine owners. By the mid-1800s, the woollen trade was declining and the cotton trade was rapidly growing in importance. Cotton manufacturing took advantage of new technological developments in spinning and weaving. In 1804,
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2016-555: The textile industry. Lying within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire since the early 12th century , Rochdale was recorded in 1066 as held by Gamel, one of the twenty-one thegns of the Hundred of Salfordshire . The ancient ecclesiastical parish of Rochdale was divided into four townships: Butterworth , Castleton , Hundersfield and Spotland . Hundersfield was later divided into four townships: Blatchinworth, Calderbrook , Wardleworth and Wuerdle and Wardle. Excluding
2064-414: The thirteenth century when the first element's termination is dropped as Rachedam became Racheham . This change was soon followed with the suffix -ham (homestead) changing to -dale (wide valley). Rachdale is recorded as a name for the town in 1242, but may have been used earlier as a name for the valley, Hundred and Parish. The Domesday Book's rendering of the name led Eilert Ekwall to suggest
2112-414: The title 1st Lord of Bowland . Before 1086, he had married Almodis, daughter of Count Aldebert II of La Marche in Poitou, and sister and presumptive heiress of Count Boso III who was childless and unmarried. Around 1091, Roger's brother-in-law Boso died, but Roger was apparently preoccupied with Norman and English affairs, and his wife's uncle Odo became count of La Marche. In 1092, Roger acquired
2160-533: Was born in Rochdale and became famous for his crusade to repeal Britain's corn laws and his promotion of religious freedom and electoral reform . Worthy of note is a large industrial park, named the Kingsway Business Park for which planning permission for its construction began in 2009. The complex covers an area of 420 acres (0.66 sq mi; 1.7 km ). Roger the Poitevin Roger
2208-524: Was described as "a red-brick building of no architectural distinction, on the north side of the river opposite the town hall" and sometimes referred to as the Manor House. It was demolished in 1922. Rochdale is a product of the Industrial Revolution , though the manufacture of woollen cloth, particularly baize , kerseys and flannels , was locally important as far back as the 1500s. At that time
2256-412: Was largely driven by the global availability of cheaper textile product offerings from abroad. During the 1950s and 1960s Rochdale's lack of a diverse economic base became very apparent, with the closure of numerous textile manufacturing facilities. Textile manufacturing did remain a major contributor to the local economy, even into the 1970s. Regionally, numerous companies still have some connection to
2304-454: Was ousted as count of La Marche in 1104, and subsequently the sons of Roger and Almodis are styled as count. In 1109, Roger was permitted to briefly return to England to the court of Henry I, although he did not recover his earlier English holdings. After around 1109, Roger appears to have either lost interest in governing in La Marche, or lost the political power itself as he is only seen once in
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