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34-524: Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches de jure : Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches: Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church: Semi-Autonomous: This article lists the metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow , spiritual heads of the Russian Orthodox Church . Since 1308, there have been 59. The Russian Orthodox Church traces its beginnings to

68-578: A Metropolitan again. The Patriarchate was restored by the 1917–18 Local Council and suspended by the Soviet government in 1925. It was reintroduced for the last time by the 1943 Bishops' Council , during World War II by the initiative of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin . To this date, 19 of the Metropolitans have been glorified in the Russian Orthodox Church. For a list of metropolitans before

102-574: A Theological College, soon renamed the Most Holy Synod , which, as a public body, acted as the general church administration from 1721 to 1917. The emperor (to 2 March 1917) was "the highest judge of the assembly." This completed the transformation of the Moscow Patriarchate into a Caesaropapist entity that was under the control of the Russian state. The Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church

136-461: Is Kirill , who acceded to the position on 1 February 2009. Different variations of the title, including "Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia", "Patriarch of Moscow and all the Great , and Small , and White Russia ", and others have been used. The modern form, "Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'", was initially used in 1589 (when the see was elevated to patriarchate) through 1721 (when abolished by Peter

170-698: The Cathedral of the Dormition and a boyar named P. F. Basmanov declared Job a traitor. Job's formal removal from office was on 24 June 1605, when the council announced his retirement because of old age and ill health. The same council announced the grant of the dignity to the Patriarch Ignatius. Job was sent into exile to his monastery in Staritsa , where he went completely blind. Job was succeeded by Archbishop Ignatius of Ryazan and only returned to Moscow following

204-723: The Christianization of Kievan Rusʹ at Kiev in 988 AD. In 1316 the Metropolitan of Kiev changed his see to the city of Vladimir , and in 1322 moved again to Moscow . In 1589, the see was elevated to a Patriarchate . The Patriarchate was abolished by the Church reform of Peter the Great in 1721 and replaced by the Most Holy Governing Synod , and the Bishop of Moscow came to be called

238-617: The Council of Bishops . Between terms, the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church elects the chair from among its permanent members of the locum tenens of the Patriarchal throne. "Not later than six months after the release of locum tenens of the patriarchal throne, and the Holy Synod of the local council ... shall convene to elect a new Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus ' ." The candidate for

272-679: The canonical metropolitan. As a result, in 1448, Jonah unilaterally changed his title to "Metropolitan of Moscow and all Rus' " which was tantamount to a declaration of independence of the Church in eastern Rus' from the Patriarchate of Constantinople. All sixteen successive hierarchs of the Metropolis of Moscow and all Rus' were selected by the civil power and installed without the approval of Patriarchate of Constantinople. Successive patriarchs continued to recognize Isidore and his successors as hierarchs of

306-530: The religious name of Job. Job spent fifteen years in the cloister and finally became its abbot in 1566 with the help of Ivan the Terrible , who had made Staritsa his residence during the time of the Oprichnina . According to Debra A. Coulter, "Job was known as a humble man of impeccable morals, learned for his times, who worked for the good of the church and the promotion of Orthodox Christianity." In 1571, Job

340-459: The Great ). The current version of the title was restored beginning in 1917 until suspended by Soviet authorities in 1925, and since being reinstated with the election of Metropolitan Sergius as patriarch in 1943. The church has its origins in the Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus' that was erected on the territory of Kievan Rus' . It existed between 988 AD and 1596 AD. Canonically , it was under

374-536: The Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus'. Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus%27 The patriarchate was established in Moscow in 1589: the first patriarch was Job . The patriarchate was abolished in 1721 by Peter the Great and replaced with the Most Holy Synod , before being restored on 10 November [ O.S. 28 October] 1917, by decision of the All-Russian Local Council . The current patriarch

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408-494: The ROC Local Council (the 2009 Pomestny Sobor) as Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' and Primate of the Russian Orthodox Church, with 508 votes out of 700. He was enthroned on 1 February 2009. The Patriarch enters the dignity during a special ceremony of enthronement, which is held a few days after the election. Patriarch Job of Moscow Job ( Russian : Иов , Iov ), also known as Job of Moscow (d. 19 June 1607),

442-575: The Russian Church. Under Job's supervision, the Russians corrected books for the divine services and prepared them for publication. He assisted in the glorification (canonization) of some of the Russian saints , ordering the celebration of the memory of Basil Fool for Christ in 1588, as well as that of Joseph Volotsky and others. Patriarch Job also favored the construction of new cathedrals and monasteries and Christian missionary activities in

476-622: The approval of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople as had been the norm. In 1448, Jonah unilaterally changed his title to Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia . This signified the beginning of the de facto independence ( autocephaly ) of the Moscow (north-eastern) part of the Church. Meanwhile, in the lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland , the rulers continued to recognise Isidore as metropolitan; Jonah

510-507: The approval of the government. Alexius II was elected to the Local Council in 1990 by secret ballot in the first round, which was attended by three candidates approved by the Council of Bishops earlier (and local council had the right to add to the list of new candidates), and the second — the two candidates with the most votes in the first round. Kirill I was elected on 27 January 2009 by

544-488: The church council and the duma of boyars, the patriarch announced his verdict – the tsarevich had accidentally stabbed himself and not been murdered. In that year he also founded the Donskoy Monastery in Moscow. After the death of Tsar Feodor I and the refusal of his wife, Irina Godunova, to accept the throne, Patriarch Job became the head of state in 1598. As he was much obliged to Boris Godunov for his promotion to

578-541: The election of the Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus ' " and decided to send it to the diocese for comment and publish the discussion. In the 20th century, Metropolitan Tikhon as patriarch was elected by lot from the three pre-approved for the Local Council candidates; between rigid state control over the affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church Sergius, Alexy I and Pimen were elected uncontested open vote on

612-636: The jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople . The episcopal seat ( cathedra ) was located in the city of Kiev . In 1325, Metropolitan Peter moved the episcopal seat from Vladimir to Moscow . Following the Union of Florence , the Grand Prince of Moscow — Vasily II of Moscow — voided the union in his lands and imprisoned Metropolitan Isidore of Kiev for some time. Having adjudged Isidore to have apostatized to Catholicism , he

646-679: The murder of False Dmitry I , the imprisonment of Patriarch Ignatius at the Monastery of the Miracle and the accession of Vasili IV of Russia . On 20 February 1607, at the request of Tsar Vasili Shuisky , Patriarchs Hermogen and Job jointly celebrated the Holy Liturgy at the Dormition Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin , where he forgave the people of Moscow and gave them his blessing. He died

680-563: The patriarch must be a bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church, not younger than 40 years old, have a "higher theological education, the expertise of the diocesan administration". The procedure for the election of the patriarch of the charter was not detailed, "place-holder establishes the procedure for electing the Holy Synod". In 2011, the Presidium of the Inter-Council Presence reviewed the draft document "The procedure and criteria for

714-538: The post of patriarch, Job offered his candidature as tsar to the Land Assembly (Zemsky sobor). On 21 February 1598, he headed a religious procession to Boris Godunov at the Novodevichy Convent, imploring him to accept the throne. Job was known as a harsh critic of False Dmitry I and he tried to persuade the people of Moscow to remain loyal to the deceased tsar . The armed supporters of the impostor burst into

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748-478: The recently conquered Astrakhan Khanate and Siberia . He also corresponded with Catholicos Nicholas V of Georgia and exchanged gifts with him. After the mysterious death of tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich in 1591, Job accepted the non-criminal version of his demise, supporting Boris Godunov every step of the way. In 1591, he headed the official enquiry into the death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich. After consulting with

782-563: The reign of Feodor I (whose government was controlled by Boris Godunov), Job was appointed archbishop of Rostov and Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia in 1587. Realizing the necessity of strengthening the ecclesiastic authority in Russia , Godunov managed to persuade the Patriarch of Constantinople Jeremias II to establish a patriarchate in Russia. On 5 February 1589 (26 January, J.C.) Job

816-629: The seat of the Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus' was moved to Moscow, see List of metropolitans and patriarchs of Kyiv . Isidore of Kiev, who was of Greek origin, submitted to the articles of the Bull of Union with the Greeks which united the Orthodox Church in Russia with the Latin Church . Following his acceptance of the Council of Florence , Isidore returned to Moscow in 1441 as a Ruthenian cardinal . He

850-515: The status of patriarch . His birth name was Ioann ( Russian : Иоанн , a form of John ). As a teenager, Ioann knew most of the biblical texts by heart and strove to become a monk . His father, however, insisted that he marry. Once, Ioann asked his father's permission to see his confessor in the Uspensky Monastery in their native town of Staritsa ( Tver Oblast ). Upon his arrival in 1551, Ioann immediately took monastic vows and assumed

884-579: The western part of the former metropolis that was situated in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was transferred from the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople to the Moscow Patriarchate as the Metropolis of Kiev . It is a matter of dispute as to whether Moscow abided by the terms of the transfer. Upon the death of Patriarch Adrian in 1700, Peter I did not permit the election of a new patriarch; after 20 years he established

918-493: Was arrested by the Grand Prince of Moscow — Vasily II , and accused of apostasy . The Grand Duke deposed Isidore and in 1448 installed his own candidate as Metropolitan of Kiev — Jonah . This was carried out without the approval of Patriarch Gregory III of Constantinople . When Isidore died in 1458, the Orthodox dioceses within the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , including Kiev, were reorganized. The metropolitan see

952-422: Was deposed by a local synod. After the metropolitan throne lay vacant for seven years, the secular authorities replaced him with Jonah of Moscow . Like his immediate predecessors , he permanently resided in Moscow, and was the last Moscow-based primate of the metropolis to keep the traditional title with reference to the metropolitan city of Kiev. He was also the first metropolitan in Moscow to be appointed without

986-455: Was elected the first Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia . He exercised all his influence and played a major part in Boris Godunov's ascending to the Russian throne. Job did not approve, however, of Godunov's proposal to open a university in Moscow staffed with foreign professors because he believed their influence and non- Orthodox faith would spread heterodoxy and endanger the purity of

1020-632: Was moved to Vilnius , the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. A parallel succession to the title ensued between Moscow and Vilnius. The Grand Prince of Moscow voided the Union of Florence and imprisoned Metropolitan Isidore for some time. Following that incident, the Grand Prince removed Isidore from office and appointed his own man — Jonah . These decisions were not recognised by Patriarch Gregory III of Constantinople who continued to recognise Isidore as

1054-426: Was rejected and was unable to exercise any pastoral control beyond the borders of Muscovy. The metropolis continued to operate beyond Muscovy under the mother church of the Ecumenical Patriarchate with the revised title of Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' . In 1589, Jeremias II , the Patriarch of Constantinople, regularized Moscow's canonical status and raised Job to the status of patriarch . In 1685,

List of metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow - Misplaced Pages Continue

1088-450: Was restored by decision of the All-Russian Local Council on 28 October (11 November) 1917. The first patriarch elected after restoration was Patriarch Tikhon , Metropolitan of Moscow. According to the Charter of the Russian Orthodox Church adopted in 2000, the tenure of a patriarch is for life , and the right to trial a deposed patriarch as well as the question of his retirement belong to

1122-494: Was the first Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia . He is venerated as a saint by the Russian Orthodox Church. He was the Metropolitan of Moscow and all Rus' from 1587 to 1589. He was the seventeenth Metropolitan in Moscow to be appointed without the approval of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople as had been the norm. In 1589, Jeremias II , the Patriarch of Constantinople, regularized Job's canonical status and raised him to

1156-522: Was transferred to Moscow and appointed abbot of the Simonov Monastery . In 1575, he became the abbot of the Novospassky Monastery . In 1581, Job was consecrated as Bishop of Kolomna . Though a person of mediocre mental abilities, he nevertheless managed to draw the attention of Boris Godunov by his talent for reading the longest of prayers by heart in a very expressive manner. During

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