Morioka Domain ( 盛岡藩 , Morioka-han ) was a tozama feudal domain of Edo period Japan . It was ruled throughout its history by the Nanbu clan . It was called Nanbu Domain ( 南部藩 , Nanbu han ) during the early part of its history. It was located in northern Mutsu Province , Honshū , covering the eastern half of what is now Aomori Prefecture and the northern two-thirds of what is now Iwate Prefecture and the Kazuno District of what is now Akita Prefecture . The domain was centered at Morioka Castle in the city of Morioka . For most of its history, Morioka Domain had an official kokudaka of 100,000 koku , although its actual revenues were much higher. Towards the end of the Edo period, the domain’s status was raised to 200,000 koku .
22-671: The Nanbu clan was a branch of the Seiwa Genji originally from Kai Province , who settled in what is now the town of Nanbu, Aomori after the conquest of the Hiraizumi Fujiwara by Minamoto no Yoritomo . Along with the Shimazu clan of Satsuma Province , the Nanbu clan has the distinction of being one of the two clans which held onto their territories for over 700 years, from the Kamakura period to
44-505: A non-exhaustive listing of the Seiwa Genji and the clans that branched from the family. Legend: Solid lines represent blood relationship; dashed lines represent adoptions. An asterisk indicates a monk (who would not have been allowed to retain the Minamoto name). Nanbu Toshimochi Nanbu Toshimochi ( 南部利用 ) was the name of two mid- Edo period Japanese individuals who served as
66-441: A subsidiary line. In 1634, Nukanobu District was divided into the four districts of Sannohe, Ninohe, Kunohe and Kita by order of the shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu , giving the Nanbu clan control over a total of 10 districts of Mutsu province. In 1664, the 20,000 koku Hachinohe Domain was split from Morioka Domain as a nominally subsidiary domain. However, relations between Morioka and Hachinohe were often strained and Hachinohe
88-524: Is a line of the Japanese Minamoto clan that is descended from Emperor Seiwa , which is the most successful and powerful line of the clan. Many of the most famous Minamoto members, including Minamoto no Yoshitsune , Minamoto no Yoritomo , the founder of the Kamakura shogunate ; and Ashikaga Takauji , the founder of the Ashikaga shogunate , belonged to this line. Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616), founder of
110-519: The Ashikaga , Hatakeyama , Hosokawa , Imagawa , Mori , Nanbu , Nitta , Ogasawara , Ōta , Satake , Satomi , Shiba , Takeda , Toki and the Tsuchiya , among others. The Shimazu and Tokugawa clans also claimed to belong to this line. A group of Shinto shrines connected closely with the clan is known as the Three Genji Shrines (源氏三神社 Genji San Jinja ). The following family trees are
132-574: The Battle of Sekigahara , Nanbu Nobunao's son Nanbu Toshinao was confirmed by Tokugawa Ieyasu as daimyō with an assessed kokudaka of 100,000 koku . This marks the official start of Morioka Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate . In 1627, in order to strengthen its southern border against the Date clan of Sendai Domain , a branch of the Nanbu clan from Ne Castle near Hachinohe was relocated to Tōno , forming
154-599: The Meiji Restoration . In July 1590, the 26th chieftain of the Nanbu clan, Nanbu Nobunao , made an oath of fealty to Toyotomi Hideyoshi at the Siege of Odawara , and was officially confirmed as daimyō of seven districts of northern Mutsu province (Nukanobu, Hei, Kazuno, Kuji, Iwate, Shiwa and Tōno). Hideyoshi assisted in the suppression of the Kunohe Rebellion of 1591 which secured Nobunao's position as head of all
176-513: The Sōma Daisaku Incident , in which a former Nanbu samurai attempted to assassinate the daimyō of Hirosaki Domain , Tsugaru Yasuchika occurred in April 1821. Fearing that the shogunate might demand his life over the incident, Toshimochi appointed Nanbu Toshitada as his heir. In 1825, he travelled to Edo due to illness, and died there at the age of 23. His only child was a daughter (later
198-517: The Tokugawa shogunate , also claimed descent from this lineage. The family is named after Emperor Seiwa, whose four sons and twelve grandsons founded the Seiwa Genji. Emperor Seiwa was father of Imperial Prince Sadazumi (貞純親王 Sadazumi Shinnō ) (873–916), who was in turn the father of Minamoto no Tsunemoto (源経基) (894–961), one of the founders of the Seiwa Genji, from whom most Seiwa Genji members are descended. Many samurai families belong to this line and used "Minamoto" clan name in official records, such as
220-456: The daimyō of Tsugaru Domain occurred. The Nanbu clan and the Tsugaru clan had been enemies for centuries. This was the same year during which the domain faced its most serious crisis. The 11th daimyō , Nanbu Toshimochi , died at the age of 13 before he could be formally received in audience by shōgun Tokugawa Ienari . Fearing that this could be used by the shogunate as a cause for attainder ,
242-569: The han system , Morioka Domain consisted of discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned kokudaka , based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields. At the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, the domain consisted of the following holdings: In fiction, the Morioka domain is the setting for sections of the novel Mibugishiden , as well as the film The Twilight Samurai . Seiwa Genji The Seiwa Genji ( 清和源氏 )
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#1733084736734264-512: The 11th daimyō of Morioka Domain in northern Japan and the 37th hereditary chieftain of the Nanbu clan . The first Toshimochi was born on 16 January 1808 as the eldest son of Nanbu Nobusuke, the brother of the 10th daimyō of Morioka, Nanbu Toshitaka . He was adopted as heir by Toshitaka, and became daimyō on his death in 1820. As he was still underage, domain affairs were managed by his uncle, Nanbu Nobuchika of Shichinohe Domain . Toshimochi
286-448: The Nanbu clan responsibility for the defence of a portion of southern Ezo . The nominal kokudaka for Morioka clan was raised to 200,000 koku and their status from "castle-holding daimyō " to "province-holding daimyō ". However, this increase in status came without any actual increase in territory, and the additional actual revenues from trading posts established in Ezo was small. The result
308-525: The branches of the Nanbu clan. However, Hideyoshi also recognised the independence of the Tsugaru clan , former Nanbu retainers, and their control over the three districts of Tsugaru Peninsula , but gave the Nanbu clan the additional districts of Hienuki and Waga as compensation. Nanbu Nobunao relocated his seat from Sannohe Castle to the more central location of Morioka, and began work on Morioka Castle and its surrounding castle town in 1592. In 1600, following
330-504: The courtesy title of Daizen-no-taifu and junior 4th court rank, lower grade in December of the same year. He was also wed to the first Toshimochi's widow. Due to his age and the circumstances of his accession, he was unable to quell the factionalism which plagued the domain's politics. The domain also had financial problems in meeting its obligations to the shogunate in Ezo territory. Furthermore,
352-417: The domain initially attempted to remain neutral, but bowed to pressure from Sendai Domain and joined the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei . Morioka forces attacked the pro-Imperial Tsugaru Domain and Akita Domain . As a result, the new Meiji government treated Nanbu clan harshly at the end of the war by seizing the territory and expelling the Nanbu clan to the vacant Shiroishi Castle , where a new 130,000 koku domain
374-518: The domain leaders substituted a cousin of similar age and appearance to take his place. In 1840, a han school was established, and began promoting studies in rangaku (western science), especially western medicine. During the Bakumatsu period , in 1857 the 14th daimyō of Morioka, Nanbu Toshihisa , married the third daughter of Tokugawa Nariaki of Mito Domain . With the start of the Boshin War ,
396-399: Was considered independent, rather than a subsidiary. Morioka Domain was thus reduced to 80,000 koku , but was able to develop new rice lands, and reverted to 100,000 koku status in 1683. The 5th daimyō , Nanbu Yukinobu , reduced the domain to 92,000 koku by setting up his two younger brothers as hatamoto with 5000 koku and 3000 koku each. In 1808, the Tokugawa shogunate assigned
418-555: Was created out of former Sendai Domain lands in early 1868. Six months later, the Nanbu petitioned to return to Morioka, to which the government agreed provided that they paid a penalty of 700,000 gold ryō . Although this sum proved impossible amount to raise, the Nanbu were allowed to return shortly before the abolition of the han system . The lands of former Morioka Domain became Morioka Prefecture, which subsequently became part of Iwate Prefecture in January 1872. Like most domains in
440-557: Was married to the daughter of Maeda Narihiro of Kaga Domain . However, on 17 September 1821 he died of injuries sustained after falling from a tree in his gardens. As this death occurred before even his first formal audience with the shōgun , the clan retainers were concerned that the Shogunate would use this as an excuse to reduce or abolish Morioka Domain, so the death was unreported. Toshimochi’s cousin Kitarō, of similar age and appearance,
462-440: Was selected as his replacement. The second Toshimochi was born in Morioka on 19 December 1803 as the third son of Nanbu Nobukiyo, a descendant of Nanbu Toshimi , the 7th daimyō of Morioka Domain. Shortly after the "real" Toshimochi died, he was renamed and brought to Edo to take his place, and was received in formal audience by shōgun Tokugawa Ienari on 15 November 1821. He was confirmed as daimyō of Morioka, and received
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#1733084736734484-467: Was to plunge the domain’s finances, already suffering from repeated crop failures due to inclement weather and reduction in output from its copper mines, into the red. In 1819, the subsidiary Shichinohe Domain was created out of 6000 koku of new rice land combined with a 5000- koku hatamoto holding. In 1821, the Sōma Daisaku incident , in which a retainer of the Nanbu clan attempted to assassinate
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