83-456: Moradabad district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh , India . The city of Moradabad is the district headquarters. Moradabad district is part of Moradabad division . It used to be the second most populous district of Uttar Pradesh out of 75 after Prayagraj till a new district Sambhal was carved out of it in 2011. The district of Moradabad lies between 28°21´ to 28°16´ north latitude and 78°4´ to 79° east longitude. According to
166-561: A jagir of his choice, or continuing his pilgrimage. Bairam Khan chose the last option. While travelling through Gujarat he was assassinated on 31 January 1561 at Sahasralinga Tank , a religious site near Anhilwad Patan , by a group of Afghans led by Mubarak Khan Lohani, whose father had been killed while fighting with the Mughals at the Battle of Machhiwara in 1555. According to the Akbarnama ,
249-403: A literacy rate of 58.67%. After bifurcation, the residual Moradabad district has a population of 3,126,507 and a sex ratio of 910 females per 1000 males. 1,156,525 (36.99%) lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes make up 436,149 (13.95%) of the population. According to 2011 census 52.14% of people follows Hinduism with a significant muslim minority Languages of Moradabad district (2011) At
332-508: A company of the 29th Native Infantry to confront them, killing most of them including Maulvi Mannu. There was a state of anarchy in the district and freedom fighters were targeting English officers by looting and plundering their homes and offices. Most of the people targeted in these attacks were either the new landowners created by English laws or the oppressive revenue department officials such as munsifs, patwaris, muqaddams and magistrates regardless of their religious affiliation. On 2 June
415-598: A daughter of the Kara Koyunlu ruler Qara Iskander ; Piroli's niece through his sister Pasha Begum had been one of the wives of Babur. Bairam entered Babur's service at the age of 16. Bairam Khan contributed greatly to the establishment of the Mughal empire under Humayun when he was entrusted with the position of muhardar (keeper of the seals) and took part in military campaigns in Benares , Bengal and Gujarat . In 1540, during
498-414: A descendent of Sheikh Azmatullah, was appointed new governor of Moradabad and although Dunde Khan's family member Asad Ali Khan tried to dispute his position, he was unsuccessful in doing so. On 4 June Nawab Yusuf Ali Khan of Rampur, who was siding with British, sent his uncle Abdul Ali Khan to take possession of Moradabad. He himself also arrived two days later, but looking at the environment and mood among
581-432: A district-wide riot and violence. Order could be restored only after the intervention of Katghar's (an area that probably derives its name from Katehar ) Dhaukal Singh, but 40 of Nawab-Rampur's men had died by then. Although the authority of city rested with Abdul Ali Khan and Nawab-Rampur, their rule was little recognized in the city as there was anger and resentment in the public against everything English and everyone who
664-601: A diversion by creating disturbance in Rohilkhand. He chose Amir Khan from Sambhal (who later became the Nawab of Tonk ) for the task. Amir Khan's grandfather and father had served Ali Mohammed and Dunde Khan, respectively. Amir drove with his force of Pindaris rapidly to Moradabad, where he faced resistance from the British forces under Leycester who had taken his position in the cutcherry recently built by him. Amir didn't try to storm
747-611: A fixed tribute to the Wazir every year, and married his daughter with a large dowry to Wazir's son. In turn, he was recognized as the Nawab of Rohilkhand . Rohillas quickly expanded their territory beyond the regions they had conquered, and as a result they soon came into conflict with his neighbor, the powerful Nawab Safdar Jang of Oudh state . Now Ali Mohammed was once again facing the Mughal army, this time commanded by Emperror Muhammad Shah in person. They forced him to surrender, and in 1746 he
830-408: A leader of Katehria Rajputs. After that the long-harassed region remained in peace for at least two centuries. The Delhi Sultanate fell to Mughal Empire and its last Sultan Ibrahim Khan Lodi was defeated at the hands of Babur in 1526. With this, the way was paved for Katehr's entry to Mughal empire. Before his death in 1530, Babur dispatched his son Humayun with a large army to Sambhal to bring
913-410: A much smaller army, Bairam Khan gave a tough fight to his adversary but was eventually defeated. However, Bairam Khan managed to retreat with the majority of his force to Talwara - Hazipur adjoining Rey Shikargah (Mughal Imperial Hunting Grounds) from where he surrendered and was treated by Akbar with immense respect. Akbar gave him the options of staying in the court as his personal adviser, picking
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#1733085340863996-440: A nearby Sufi saint. His son and wife managed to escape to Ahmedabad , where they stayed for several months before Akbar heard of their plight and had them escorted to Agra . Bairam's wife, Salima who was also the cousin of Akbar, married Akbar after his death. Bairam's son, Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan , became an important part of Akbar's administration and was one of the nav-ratans (nine gems) of Akbar's court. Bairam Khan
1079-509: A state of anarchy. However, on 21 April 1858 Prince Firoz Shah of Delhi, led by an army of Khan Bahadur Khan , the grandson of Hafiz Rahmat Khan, arrived in Moradabad and overpowered the troops of Rampur. He, however, had to flee from the town as the Roorkee column of East India Company arrived in the city four days later and started capturing the rebels. The Roorkee column searched for rebels across
1162-403: The 2011 Census of India , 82.48% of the population of the residual district spoke Hindi and 17.32% Urdu as their first language. The dialect spoken in the region is Khari Boli. Moradabad's known history begins from the 14th century, when it was part of the territory to the east of Ramganga river known as Katehr. The region consisted all of Moradabad, Rampur, and while most of it was jungle at
1245-542: The 2011 census Moradabad district has a population of 4,772,006, roughly equal to the nation of Singapore or the US state of Alabama . This gives it a ranking of 26th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 1,284 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,330/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 25.25%. Moradabad has a sex ratio of 903 females for every 1000 males, and
1328-594: The Battle of Kannauj , he was captured by Sher Shah Suri 's men, but later managed to make an adventurous escape, and rejoined Humayun at Sindh in July 1543. He accompanied Humayun during his exile in Persia and helped conquer Kandahar before serving as its governor for nine years. In 1556, he played a leading role as a commander in Humayun's reconquest of Hindustan . At the time of Humayun's death at 27 January 1556, Bairam Khan
1411-530: The Third Battle of Panipat with Ahmed Shah Abdali also provided a pretext for truce, in which Dunde Khan and Rahmat Khan's son Inayat Khan had also participated. After Dunde Khan's death in 1770 the Rohilla power declined, and in 1772 Marathas again invaded the region with great force, driving Zabita Khan (son of Najib-ad-Daulah) in flight to Rampur. They withdrew only on the approach of Shuja-ud-Daulah accompanied by
1494-422: The 29th Infantry as well, and they broke open the jail, releasing all of the 170 prisoners along with all the sepoys. All of them were later captured, however. On 21 May news broke that some people from Rampur, led by Maulvi Mannu of Rampur, had hoisted a green flag on the banks of Ramganga river. It was also heard that they are in communication with rebels of Moradabad as well. Mr. Wilson once again went ahead with
1577-468: The 29th Native Infantry. After that Majju Khan again took to the throne. He was, however, challenged shortly afterwards by Asad Ali Khan who showed him an order of his appointment as Moradabad's governor by Bakht Khan. This further increased factionalism among the rebels, but ultimately Majju Khan emerged supreme. On 23 June, however, Nawab of Rampur again took possession of Moradabad by sending Abdul Ali Khan with 2,000 men and four guns. This time, Majju Khan
1660-540: The Bareilly Brigade led by Bakht Khan arrived in Moradabad on 14 June, it led to a situation of factionalism as Bakht Khan accused Majju of sparing and protecting Christians. He impeached Majju Khan on the charge, and searched for English clerks in hiding. Many of them were discovered from the captivity and put to death immediately, while others were sent to Delhi where they met the same fate. The Bareilly Brigade departed three days later on 17th, and also took with itself
1743-501: The Emperor first, such as when he unilaterally dismissed his former favourite Pir Muhammad Khan , who was a senior Mughal official. Akbar felt jealous that a leash was kept on his private expenses while Bairam Khan's servants grew rich. He had also become increasingly irritable, and executed two of Akbar's favourite personal mahouts , one of which had not been able to restrain an imperial elephant, which killed one of Bairam Khan's animals, and
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#17330853408631826-540: The English contingent of Sir Robert Barker . A treaty was signed on 15 June 1772, in which Shuja-ud-Daula promised to drive Marathas out of the Rohilkhand region in exchange of a payment of 40 lakhs. He kept his part of the promise by bringing a larger force in November 1772 with a brigade of East India Company's troops under Colonel Alexander Champion . When retreating, Marathas fell upon Sambhal and Moradabad and plundered both of
1909-835: The Independent India. Since then, the city and the district remained largely peaceful, except for the riots in 1980 , which are considered the first major riots of Independent India. Districts of Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh , the most populous state in India , has 75 districts. These districts, most of which have populations above 12 lakhs, are grouped into 18 divisions for administrative convenience. Uttar Pradesh Cabinet Minister and MLA from Aonla , Dharampal Singh demanded new Aonla District to be carved out of Bareilly District . Bairam Khan Muhammad Bairam Khan ( Persian : محمد بیرم خان ; 18 January 1501 – 31 January 1561), commonly known as Bairam Khan or Bayram Khan
1992-578: The Katehrias used to hide in the jungles and were never completely eliminated. Until the first quarter of 15th century, the whole of Katehr region was ravaged multiple times by almost all sultans of the Delhi Sultanate in revenge of the insurrections and surprise attacks done by Katehria Rajputs. The cycle ended only in 1424 after the death of Khizr Khan , the son of Alauddin Khilji , and subjection of Har Singh,
2075-474: The Moradabad cantonment, three of whom were seized by a Sikh sentry while one was shot dead in the lines. The shot rebel, however, was the brother-in-law of a sepoy named Sansar Singh from the 29th Native Infantry. In addition to that, due to some error the man killed a night before on the banks of Gangan along with 8 captured rebels also had also been brought to the Moradabad jail instead of being taken to Meerut, as intended by Mr. Wilson. These two things instigated
2158-563: The Mughal Empire, Hemu swiftly took Gwalior , Delhi and Agra . Leaving behind a small force to keep Sikandar Suri in check, Bairam Khan moved the Mughal Army towards Sirhind and ordered Tardi Beg (who had been defeated by Hemu at the Battle of Tughlaqabad , near Delhi on 7 October 1556 and retreated) to meet the imperial army there. At Sirhind, differences arose between Bairam Khan and Tardi Beg as to what would be their military strategy in
2241-528: The army of Bareilly's governor Abd-un-Nabi) in Bilari, Ali Mohammed attacked him with 12,000 Rohillas at night and the Mughal army was completely routed. Both governors (Raja Harnand as well as Abd-un-Nabi) were slain, and Ali Mohammed seized control of Sambhal, Moradabad, as well as Amroha and Bareilly. Though Wazir Qamr-ud-din sent his son Mir Mannu with an army to chastise the rebels, Rohillas convinced him to come to an agreement under which Ali Mohammed agreed to pay
2324-501: The army, mainstay of victorious dominion). Under Bairam Khan's leadership, the Mughal army moved to Jalandhar , where they encamped for five months and managed to drive Sikandar Suri deeper into the Siwalik hills . However, the Mughals now had to face a far greater threat from Hemu , Vakil of Adil Shah Suri , the final ruler of the Sur dynasty . Taking advantage of the political instability in
2407-452: The city which marked as a sign of public anger against unlawful detention of freedom fighters. When the Quit India movement was announced by Mahatma Gandhi on 9 August 1942, it was marked by violence in several parts of the country, including Moradabad. The Britishers started arresting freedom fighters across the country to minimize the impact of the movement, and they arrested many of them on
2490-407: The city, and all of them were executed. Britishers created four hanging houses to hang and execute them, one each in the areas of Jigar Park, Shahbulla ki Ziyarat, Kachehri prison complex, and Gal Shaheed (which loosely translates to Martyr's street in English in honor of the freedom fighters who were martyred or became "shaheed" ). Majju Khan was also captured and shot dead, with his dead body tied to
2573-539: The cousin of Ali Mohammed, as commander-in-chief. Ali Mohammed's death came as an opportunity for Safdar Jang to take another shot at capturing Rohilkhand. He first induced Nawab Qaim Khan of Farrukhabad to attack Rohillas, but that didn't work out as Rohillas killed him near Budaun . Then Safdar Jang made another attempt by joining forces with Marathas , and since Rohilla forces were already involved in another conflict with Pathans of Farrukhabad after killing Qaim Khan, they had to retreat through Moradabad and Kashipur all
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2656-504: The cutcherry, probably because it was fortified and also had two field-guns on the roof, but he levied contributions from the public to the tune of 3 lakhs. He also destroyed European houses and police lines, and tried to capture the government treasure unsuccessfully. Ultimately, however, he was driven off by the forces of General Smith and Lord Metcalfe . By the Company government faced sepoy mutiny of 1857 led by Freedom fighter Mangal Pandey,
2739-521: The district, harangued the men of 29th Native Infantry that was guarding the district to gauge their response, which seemed favorable at the moment. He also asked Nawab Yusuf Ali Khan of Rampur to send 300 irregular horses to hold the road between Meerut and Bulandshahar. But before it could have arrived, it was heard on 15 May that a party of the Mutinous 20th Native Infantry had crossed the Ganges River and
2822-435: The disturbance. Rustam Khan captured Chaupala, put Ramsukh to death, and refounded the city as Rustamnagar . He built a new fort and the great mosque (Jama Masjid) on the banks of Ramganga river, which was the first Jama Masjid built on the banks of a river. Shah Jahan, however, was not very pleased with Rustam Khan's actions. He summoned Rustam to his darbar and asked him to explain why he exceeded his instructions, and also
2905-458: The environment in Moradabad was also not very favorable for the English. Landholders were harassed because of the new land laws introduced by the British, and common man was also suffering because of low wages. So when the news of a rebellion in Meeruth reached Moradabad, it was bound to create ripples in the society. The Company officers were aware of this, so Mr. John Cracoft Wilson , the collector of
2988-477: The eve of 9th, including Congress leader Daudayaal Khanna. When the news of Khanna's arrest spread in the city, the next day (on 10 August), people started gathering at Pan Dariba to take out a procession against the arrest of freedom fighters. The news of this gathering reached police officers, and they immediately reached Pan Dariba and started aerial firing. This enraged the protesters, who resorted to stone pelting. In turn, police started firing indiscriminately on
3071-489: The event played a pivotal role in shaping the Civil Disobedience movement. During the visit Gandhi also inaugurated the new building of Brij Ratan Hindu Public Library on Amroha Gate, which later served as a venue for the secret meetings of freedom fighters. Later when the Civil Disobedience movement kicked off in 1932 and Britishers tried to repress it through brutal means, people of Moradabad organized large protests in
3154-526: The first time "according to the measurements" . These reforms had a beneficial impact on the region and were also appropriated by Akbar during his reign. During Akbar's reign, the sarkar of Sambhal consisted 20 parganas of Moradabad district. One among them was the Mughalpur pargna consisting of Thakurdwara and Chaupala (it is mentioned in the Ain-i-Akbari ). It produced a revenue of 1,340,812 dams for
3237-470: The fortress of Tabar-e-Hind (in present-day Bathinda ) and headed towards Jalandhar , intent on taking Lahore . Forced to fight his former mentor, Akbar sent his foster father Shams-ud-din with a strong vanguard to halt or slow down Bairam Khan's force while he followed with the main army. Near the village Gunecur, near Jalandhar, Shams-ud-Din stopped Bairam Khan's force. He tried to negotiate, but Bairam Khan remained adamant about fighting. Despite having
3320-449: The future. Shortly afterwards, Bairam Khan had Tardi Beg executed for his cowardice during the Battle of Tughlaqabad, though there is some doubt as to whether these allegations were true as Tardi Beg was a senior official and a political rival of Bairam Khan and his execution certainly helped consolidate the authority of Bairam Khan. Conveniently, Akbar was absent during the whole incident as he
3403-405: The group of Afghans had apparently come to pay their respects to him, so he allowed them to come closer. Thereupon, Mubarak stabbed him with a dagger in the back with such force that the point came out of his chest, and another Afghan struck him on the head, fatally wounding him. Bairam Khan passed away saying the takbir . His corpse was later found by a group of locals, who buried him at the tomb of
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3486-455: The hands of Oudh and English troops on 23 April 1774 in the Battle of Miranpur Katra . A compromise was effected in October the same year, under which jagir of Rampur was given to Nawab Faizullah and rest of the Rohilkhand state (including Moradabad) went to Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula. Under Oudh rule Rohilkhand was divided into three districts: Bareilly, Budaun, and Moradabad . The Moradabad district
3569-517: The harvest annually. Rejecting the advice of his close friends and supporters he decided not to rebel, but later his political opponents Maham Anga and her son Adham Khan sent Pir Muhammad to trail him and 'pack him off to Mecca'. This insult goaded Bairam Khan to rebel, and he turned back. Pir Muhammad retreated at the sight of Bairam Khan's deadly Turkoman horse archers. Akbar tried in vain to send another firman to Bairam Khan, ordering him to continue his pilgrimage. Bairam Khan left his family in
3652-491: The imperial administration of Mughal empire. Azmatullah put his son Fariduddin in charge of the administrative affairs, while Safdar Jang's forces set out on the mission to evict Rohillas from the Tarai region. However, Rohillas were not easily suppressed. They raided Moradabad and killed Fariduddin, post-which Raja Chhattarbhoj took his place as governor of Moradabad. But once Ahmad Shah Abdali invaded in 1748, Ali Mohammed returned to
3735-491: The imperial robes and make the usual daily appearance before the people from the balcony of the fort, till Akbar's coronation. He also secured the loyalty of his rival, Tardi Beg by appointing him as the governor of Delhi. On 14 February 1556, Akbar was crowned as the new Mughal Emperor and his first deed was to appoint Bairam Khan as Vakil (Prime Minister) and grant him the lofty titles of Khan-i-Khanan and sipahsalaar itizad-i-daulat qahira (commander-in-chief of
3818-436: The imperial treasury and it provided a force of 500 infantry and 100 cavalry to the Mughal army, while the cultivated area was 101,619 bighas. Although the territory was under Bairam Khan since the time of his father, Akbar appointed Ali Quli Khan as its administrator. Ali Quli cleared the region of Afghans before being appointed as governor to Jaunpur . Akbar ruled on the region by appointing governors who had their agency, and
3901-510: The last governor appointed by him was Mirza Ali Beg. Almost no other major historical developments took place in the region during the reign of Akbar and his successors, Jahangir as well as Shah Jahan . However, that changed in 1624 when Raja Ram Singh, a Katehria leader who used to live in the jungles of Rampur, invaded the Tarai region. The raja of Kumaon complained about it to Shah Jahan, who then sent his general Rustam Khan Dakhani to deal with
3984-404: The leadership of Bairam Khan in Battle of Sirhind on 22 June 1555. Bairam Khan, however, put another noble from Sher Shah's darbar named Isa Khan in charge of Sambhal as the latter had saved his life from Nasir Khan after Sher Shah's conquest. Isa Khan was a capable administrator, who convinced Katehrias to cut down their jungles, repressed crime in the region, and imposed a revenue on them for
4067-581: The leg of an elephant and dragged around the city, before being hanged ultimately to a Tarmind tree in the graveyard of Galshaheed. Those who tried to take down the body from the tree were also shot dead and hanged from the same tree. Other freedom fighters were also apprehended and slain in the same brutal manner to terrorize the people. Some prominent ones among them included: On 30 April the district once again came under complete British control. In 1920 Mahatma Gandhi and other Congress leaders were planning their Civil Disobedience movement. During those days,
4150-414: The name that he had given to the new town. With great presence of mind, Rustam said that he has called it Muradabad in honour of Shah Jahan's young prince Murad Bakhsh. The emperor was satisfied, and he allowed Rustam Khan to govern the new town. Rustan Khan died in the Battle of Samugarh in 1658, post which a number of governors were appointed to the region. There were some disturbances and uprisings in
4233-501: The news of Mutiny in Bareilly came to Moradabad, and its effect was instantaneous: the sepoys of 29th infantry derided the order to march into Meerut, and the next day they took control of the treasury containing Rs. 270,000. The district officers and their wives had to leave the city for Meerut, and military officers with their families had to leave for Nainital. Those who remained in the city paid for it with their lives. Nawab Majju Khan ,
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#17330853408634316-440: The other had not been able to restrain his elephant which nearly overturned a small boat on which Bairam Khan was resting. After the final incident, Akbar decided that Bairam Khan could no longer stay in his position. In March or April 1560, Akbar told him that he could either retire and stay in the palace or go on the hajj pilgrimage to Mecca . He could take whatever land he wished so that his servants could send him remittances of
4399-409: The protesters, killing many of them and injuring more than 200. The martyrs also included an 11-year-old Jagdish Prasad Sharma, who was trying to hoist a flag on an electric pole. The news of this violence further enraged people of the city. So on 11 August 1942, an even larger procession of more than 40,000 people was taken out all the way to the district court. The police again opened firing on it and
4482-417: The rebels he wasn't able to oust Majju Ali Khan from his position. Ultimately, he appointed Majju as the nazim of city, with some other rebels being given minor posts in the government and went back to Rampur. But when his troops returned to Rampur two days later (on 8 June) to protect their state against the mutineers of Bareilly (i.e. Bareilly Brigade ), Majju Khan was once again able to assert himself. When
4565-451: The region against Mughal rule in 1716 after the death of Bahadur Shah I , but they were swiftly repressed by the governors of those times. One governor of Kashmiri origin (Muhammad Murad) who had received the title of Rukn-ud-Daula even changed its name to Ruknabad and made it into a district suba in 1718, but that arrangement was short-lived as he was deprived of his office by Farrukhsiyar in 1719. The last Mughal governor of Moradabad
4648-413: The region from Sirhind and expelled Chhatarbhoj, repossessing Moradabad. He was confirmed as the legitimate ruler of region by Ahmad Shah Abdali, and he evicted all the zamidars, including Thakur Mahendra Singh of Thakurdwara, to consolidate his power. Ali Mohammed died on 14 September 1748, and in the absence of his sons Hafiz Rehmat Khan was appointed as his successor by a council of nobles with Dunde Khan,
4731-853: The region under their control. The mission was successful, though Humayun's reign was short-lived as he lost to Sher Shah Suri of Sur Empire in Battle of Chausa in 1539. However, the reign of Suri empire was also short-lived as after the death of Islam Shah suri, successor of Sher Shah, a succession war broke out in the Suri empire and three rivals to the throne ( Muhammad Adil Shah , his brother-in-law Ibrahim Shah Suri , and Sikandar Shah Suri ) started fighting with each other. This helped Katehrias regain much of their lost power, and in 1554 they had possession not only of their regional stronghold Rampur but also of Bareilly and Chaupala (modern day Moradabad city) . The succession war also provided an opportunity to Humayun to regain his lost territory, and he won it under
4814-488: The regional convention of North-East-West Frontier Province and Oudh State Congress was organized in Moradabad at Saroj Cinema. Many of the Congress stalwarts, including Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad , Sarojini Naidu , Jawaharlal Nehru , Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya , and Annie Besant had come to Moradabad to attend it between 9 and 11 October 1920. A huge crowd had gathered to listen to Mahatma Gandhi, and it's said that
4897-747: The regions, laying them waste and retiring through the Ganges. After keeping his promise Shuja-ud-Daula demanded his payment of 40 lakhs from the Rohillas. However, Hafiz Rahmat Khan reneged on the promise. His reasoning was that Marathas had retreated on their own, and English or Oudh troops hadn't done anything significant for it to receive any payment. This became a cause of war with Oudh state, and Shuja-ud-Daula started ceasing Rohilla possessions and bringing other Rohilla leaders (included sons of Dunde Khan, who still held Moradabad) under his influence. By 1774, Rahmat Khan found himself cornered and unsupported, and he died at
4980-594: The reign of the latter, a battle was fought and lost by the Emperor's troops at Firozpur Jhirka in Mewat, on which, however, Islam Shah did not lose his hold. Adil Shah, the third of the Pathan interlopers, who succeeded in A.D. 1552, had to contend for the Empire with the returned Humayun. In these struggles for the restoration of Babur's dynasty Khanzadas apparently do not figure at all. Humayun seems to have conciliated them by marrying
5063-458: The situation worsened quickly. British army had to be called, whose intervention led to death of 15 people, while 50 were injured and 154 arrested. The arrested people were also fined to the tune of Rs. 17,397. This enraged people and the next day they attacked Moradabad Railway Station and booking office. India got its independence on 15 August 1947, and since Moradabad was not a part of any princely states at that time, it immediately became part of
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#17330853408635146-478: The time, it was a stronghold of the Katehria Rajputs, who used to live in tribes. Little is known about who the Katehrias were and how they came to this region. British administration believed that: The Katehrias were known for insurrections against Muslim rulers. As a result, they were targeted ruthlessly by the rulers and their generals, who tried to make sure that no inhabitant remained in the region. However,
5229-440: The way to the hills of Garhwal . However, even there they were blockaded for a long time by the army of Marathas and Safdar Jang. The relief came only after Ahmad Shah Abdali's invasion in 1752, which forced all three sides to make peace. Rohillas were compelled to sign a bond promising to pay an indemnity of 50 lakhs and an annual tribute of 5 lakhs to the emperor, and the bond was handed to Marathas for compensation, and Rahmat Khan
5312-580: Was Ali Mohammed Khan , who had acquired considerable estate in the region under patronage of governor Sheikh Azmatullah. In 1737, when Azmatullah took an expedition to Jansath , the stronghold of Barha Saiyids in Muzaffarnagar , Ali Mohammed joined him. He had by then built an army of thousands of mercenaries by inducting most of the Rohillas who used to arrive in the region. Nader Shah 's invasion of Afghanistan, which forced more afghans to flee from their homeland, also helped his cause. The Jansath expedition
5395-492: Was Mr. W Leycester. The transition was largely peaceful, but the sufferings of people only increased, largely because of the ignorance of Company officers towards the landholding class of this district. Unscrupulous revenue officers who had access to revenue records took advantage of this ignorance by siding with landowners. Things worsened further when Company government introduced the First Settlement system under which land
5478-465: Was Sheikh Azmatullah of Lucknow, before the region came under Rohilla rule. In 1730s many people of various Afghan tribes were coming to India in search of service from Afghanistan. These people, though belonging to different tribes, were collectively known as Rohillas. They were settling in the Katehr region in large numbers, where they used to get employment as mercenaries for Mughal generals. One among them
5561-545: Was a Shia Muslim and was disliked by some of the Sunni Turkic nobles. Although a Shia, he attended Friday services in the mosque of a noted Sufi . He also promoted Sheikh Gadai, the son of Sikandar Lodi 's court poet Jamali Kamboh , to the position of sadurat-i-mamalik ( Chief Justice ) in 1559. The Gazetteer of Ulwur states: Soon after Babar's death, his successor, Humayun, was supplemented by Sher Shah in 1540 A.D., later followed by Islam Shah in 1545 A.D. During
5644-460: Was a general sentiment among people of Moradabad against the Nawab of Rampur and his troops who were in the city. On 29 June 1857, an argument erupted between some farmers of Moradabad and the men of Nawab-Rampur's army. The argument was over the purchase of a pumpkin (known as kaddu in Hindi), as the farmers refused to sell the pumpkin to a man of Rampur's army. The man then slapped the farmer, leading to
5727-477: Was a success, and that earned Ali Mohammed the title of Nawab from Sheikh Azmatullah. However, the increasing aggressiveness of Ali Mohammed led to an order being given by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1742 to Raja Harnand, the Khattri governor of Moradabad, to expel the Rohillas from Katehr. This was, however, easier said than done. As Raja Harnand was waiting for astrologers with an army of 50,000 men (which also consisted
5810-694: Was an aggressive general who was determined to restore Mughal authority in India . Bairam Khan was born in the region of Badakhshan in Central Asia , and belonged to the Baharlu Turkoman clan of the Kara Koyunlu confederation. The Kara Koyunlu had ruled Western Persia for decades before being overthrown by their Ak Koyunlu rivals. Bairam Khan's father, Seyfali Beg Baharlu, and grandfather, Janali Beg Baharlu, had been part of Babur 's service. His great-grandparents were Pirali Beg Baharlu and his wife,
5893-497: Was an important military commander, and later commander-in-chief of the Mughal army, a powerful statesman and regent at the court of the Mughal Emperors , Humayun and Akbar . He was also the guardian, chief mentor, adviser, teacher and the most trusted ally of Akbar. Akbar honoured him as Khan-i-Khanan , which means "King of Kings". Bairam was originally called Bairam " Beg ", but later became honoured as Khan . Bairam Khan
5976-531: Was camping on the banks of Gangan river in Moradabad. Sensing the gravity of situation, Mr. Wilson, magistrate Mr. CB Saunders, and Civil Surgeon Dr. Cannon went with a company of 29th Infantry to confront the rebels. They killed one of them and captured eight, recovering from them the treasure of Muzaffarnagar . The recovered treasure and captured rebels were placed on elephants, and Mr. Wilson sent them to Meerut with Mr. Saunders while he himself returned to Moradabad. Three days later, on 19 May, five rebels entered
6059-516: Was confirmed in his possessions of Rohilkhand. Marathas, however, were never paid, which became the basis of their future claims on Rohilkhand. Things complicated once again, however, on the reappearance of Ali Mohammed's sons Sadullah and Allah Yar Khan, who were kept hostages by Ahmed Shah Abdali. An arrangement was devised under which various divisions of the Rohilkhand state were jointly assigned to two brothers, with Moradabad going to Nawab Saadullah Khan and Allah Yar Khan. However, this arrangement
6142-416: Was deposed of his post but was allowed to call himself the nazim of Sambhal. He, however, resigned from the latter position himself. Abdul Ali Khan then rescued the British clerks and their families from captivity of Majju Khan, who in the words of Britishers had suffered "extreme privartion and indignity" in his prison. They were sent firstly to Rampur, from where they were ultimately taken to Meerut. There
6225-495: Was driven back to the hill-fortress of Mankot (in present-day Jammu and Kashmir) where he waited for six months for Afghan reinforcements, to no avail. Disheartened, he finally surrendered to Akbar on 25 July 1557, where he was treated with clemency and given a fief in Bihar. Towards his last years, relations between Bairam Khan and Akbar grew sour. The main reason was that Bairam Khan had begun to take several decisions without consulting
6308-473: Was first assigned to Asalat Khan, under whose rule it felt a respite from the constant state of war at which it was. However, his successors were mere "farmers of the revenue" who used to sublease the region to the highest bidder to extract as much from it in as little time as possible. The lessors then used to extract whatever they could have extracted from the farmers of the region. Crime was high, and thousands of cultivators had migrated to nearby Rampur and there
6391-513: Was leading a campaign against Sikandar Shah Suri in Punjab (in present-day India ) as the then Prince Akbar 's ataliq (guardian) and sipahsalaar (commander-in-chief) of the Mughal army . To consolidate the Mughal Empire, Bairam Khan kept Humayun's death a secret, sending reassuring messages of his recovery and having Mullah Bekasi, a loyal cleric in Delhi (who looked similar to Humayun) dressed up in
6474-504: Was mere optics as real power was still vested in Dunde Khan, the commander-in-chief. Dunde Khan assumed power from Rahmat Khan when he saw another partition of the state being effected, and as a result both sons of Ali Mohammed didn't get their rightful possessions. When war ensued between Najib-ad-Daula and Marathas in 1759, Rahmat Khan and Shuja-ud-Daula of Oudh state (who had succeeded Safdar Jang) came to his rescue. Loss of Marathas in
6557-399: Was no security of life or property in the region. The sorry state of affairs ended temporarily in 1801 when Oudh state's ruler Shuja-ud-Daula ceded the region to British East India Company for extinction of the debts he had incurred by maintaining English troops in his dominion. Under British administration it was made the headquarter of a collectorate and first collector appointed in charge
6640-565: Was out on a hunting trip. Tardi Beg's execution helped discipline the demoralised Mughal army. On 5 November 1556, the Mughals clashed with Hemu's army at the Second Battle of Panipat . After a fiercely contested battle, the Mughals were victorious. Hemu was captured and decapitated, either by Bairam Khan or Akbar and Delhi and Agra subsequently reconquered. After resting for a month at Delhi, Akbar and Bairam Khan resumed their campaign against Sikandar Suri, who had attempted to attack Lahore; he
6723-482: Was supporting the English. This was in contrast to other locations where the mutiny was limited only to troops and some lawless factions of the society. In Thakurdwara Tehsil people expelled their tehsildar, and Bilari tehsil was plundered by an army of mutineers. Sambhal and Chandausi tehsils were also looted by the villagers. Nothing significant happened in 1857 after that, and the whole of Moradabad district remained under nominal control of Nawab-Rampur for 8 months with
6806-414: Was taken prisoner to Delhi. He was kept under close surveillance for six months, until Hafiz Rahmat Khan arrived with an army of 6,000 to demand his release. A compromise was effected, under which Ali Mohammed had to give two of his sons ( Abdullah and Faizullah ) as hostages to the emperor while he himself was freed and sent as a governor to Sirhind. Ali Mohammed's surrender brought Moradabd again under
6889-505: Was to be leased to highest bidders for cultivation. This settlement scheme led to armed conflict, as landholders ( zamindars ) in the district used force to retain the possession of their lands from speculators and bidders. Lack of rains between 1803–04 and subsequent raids of Amir Khan further worsened district's prosperity. In 1805 during the siege of Bharatpur by British forces, the Maratha empire's general Yashwantrao Holkar tried to create
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