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121-527: Anthony Gerard Moorhouse (18 December 1935 – 13 December 1956), a graduate of Stonyhurst College , was a Second Lieutenant on National Service in the 1st Battalion, West Yorkshire Regiment . His father, Francis Gerard Moorhouse , owned a jam-manufacturing company in Leeds , Yorkshire , Moorhouse's Jam . Moorhouse was stationed in Port Said after the 7 November 1956 ceasefire. On 10 December 1956 Moorhouse had led

242-621: A Double First . He continued to serve as an officer in the Territorial Army until May 1923. Captain Eden, as he was still known, was selected to contest Spennymoor , as a Conservative . At first, he had hoped to win with some Liberal support, as the Conservatives were still supporting Lloyd George's coalition government , but by the time of the November 1922 general election , it was clear that

363-563: A "scuttle". Eden ended his speech by calling for Anglo-Turkish friendship. On 23 March 1926, he spoke to urge the League of Nations to admit Germany, which would happen the following year. In July 1926 he became PPS to the Foreign Secretary Sir Austen Chamberlain . Besides supplementing his parliamentary income of around £300 a year at that time by writing and journalism, he published a book about his travels, Places in

484-776: A Jesuit-led chaplaincy team and the involvement of the Jesuits in its governance. The school has one main church, St Peter's , and five chapels: the Boys' Chapel, the Chapel of the Angels, the Sodality Chapel, the St Francis Chapel and the St Ignatius Chapel. The last two are both within the towers of St Peter's Church, and are not normally used by pupils. The Sodality Chapel is the home of

605-651: A Norwegian UN officer, to see a man in a British uniform claiming he was Moorhouse. After the encounter the UN officer reported that Moorhouse was "alive and well". However, uncertainty remained. A family friend and former army colleague of the Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser , the British Member of Parliament Colonel Cyril Banks , travelled to Cairo in an effort to establish the missing officer's fate. On Christmas Eve, 24 December 1956 he finally had

726-517: A challenge, written in Latin, to the boys in preparatory at Stonyhurst Saint Mary's Hall , inviting them to compete in a cricket match. Preparatory respond in turn, also in Latin. The Rhetoricians take part wearing fancy dress, and are traditionally defeated by preparatory. In 2003, the tradition was adopted by the girls who issued a Latin challenge to preparatory girls inviting them to compete at rounders. The Stonyhurst Officer Training Corps assembled for

847-518: A choice of 25 subjects, with a weekly Theology class. One of these may be dropped and the remainder, or all, taken on to A-Level. Six A* – C grades are the requirement for Sixth Form entry. Each academic department has dedicated teaching rooms around the school, in addition to the general classrooms and playroom study places. Education during the college's early history was based on St Ignatius' Ratio Studiorum , with emphasis upon theology, classics and science, all of which still feature prominently in

968-590: A claim to being the oldest surviving preparatory school in Britain. In 2004, the old gymnasium at St Mary's Hall was converted into new nursery and infant facilities named Hodder House , for those aged three to seven. The college is Catholic and has had a significant place in English Catholic history for many centuries (including controversial events such as the Popish Plot and Gunpowder Plot conspiracies). It

1089-655: A former pupil of the English Jesuit Colleges of St Omer and Liège, and a philanthropist, Weld stepped in to save the refugee Jesuit schools in France. He resolved in 1794 to donate his Lancashire estate, including the buildings, with 30 acres (120,000 m ) of land to the Society of Jesus for the purpose of settling them and their evacuated charges from Northern France and the Austrian Netherlands . The story of

1210-569: A handsome but ill-tempered man — was "half mad baronet, half beautiful woman". Eden's great-grandfather was William Iremonger, who commanded the 2nd Regiment of Foot during the Peninsular War and fought under the Duke of Wellington (as he became) at the battle of Vimeiro . He was also descended from Governor Sir Robert Eden, 1st Baronet, of Maryland and, through the Calvert family of Maryland , he

1331-575: A meeting with President Nasser who told him that Moorhouse had died of suffocation when held captive. On 31 December 1956, Dag Hammarskjöld , the Secretary-General of the United Nations received a report from the Egyptian Army that, after his capture, Moorhouse was kept with the intention of exchanging him for Egyptian prisoners. When British troops began to search for him he had been locked in

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1452-808: A museum, British public opinion was further inflamed. Moorhouse's death also raised questions regarding President Nasser's authority and the effectiveness of the United Nations . Moorhouse's death was the model for the fate of "Mick Rice" in John Osborne 's The Entertainer . It was also the inspiration for the depiction of Leslie Williams, a British conscript soldier seized by the IRA in Brendan Behan 's play The Hostage . Stonyhurst College 53°50′50″N 2°28′17″W  /  53.8471°N 2.4713°W  / 53.8471; -2.4713 Stonyhurst College

1573-471: A raid in Port Said on the premises of an Egyptian dentist and arrested seven Egyptian commandos. On the following morning, he returned to the scene alone and without military authority where he was surrounded in his army Land Rover by a crowd of Egyptians, one of whom took his pistol and looting personal belongings like his watch and chain. He was overpowered and driven off in a civilian car later located by British forces. Lieutenant General Hugh Stockwell ,

1694-686: A road in Hurst Green) and the "River Shirebourn" (the Shireburns built Stonyhurst). Poet Laureate Alfred Austin , and the poet Oliver St John Gogarty ("Stately plump Buck Mulligan" in James Joyce's Ulysses) were educated at the school, (as were the sons of Oscar Wilde and Evelyn Waugh ). George Archer-Shee , at the centre of Terence Rattigan 's play The Winslow Boy , is an alumnus. The school runs its own publication company, St Omer's Press, which publishes religious literature, and first began when

1815-638: A road, 'Moorhouse Close', in Chester , Cheshire. A small plaque refers to his "heroic death during the Suez Crisis" at the right entrance to this cul-de-sac. This tragedy "aroused furious anger in Britain" and became "a national symbol of Egyptian deceit". It led to widespread criticism of the Eden government from opponents of the Suez invasion. When residents of Port Said planned to turn the house where Moorhouse had been held into

1936-716: A separate design and technology centre. Student artwork is displayed on the walls of the Lower Gallery, including a portrait of the Queen painted by Isobel Bidwell during the Golden Jubilee year; upon receipt of a copy, the Queen's lady-in-waiting said that "The Queen was delighted to see the painting and know that it is on display in the school". Stonyhurst has provided inspiration for poets and authors who include former classics teacher Gerard Manley Hopkins , whose poems feature details of

2057-479: A short-service militia) and to reduce French armaments. Winston Churchill criticised the policy sharply in the House of Commons on 23 March 1933, opposing "undue" French disarmament as this might require Britain to take action to enforce peace under the 1925 Locarno Treaty . Eden, replying for the government, dismissed Churchill's speech as exaggerated and unconstructive and commented that land disarmament had yet to make

2178-459: A small metal cupboard; his captors returned once to feed him but, as the search intensified, they felt unsafe to return and he was left for two days. When they finally returned they found him dead, apparently from suffocation and brutal torture. The kidnappers later buried him in the house where he had been kept prisoner. According to an account made in 2006 by one of the Egyptian kidnappers, Moorhouse

2299-513: A small scale". Eden was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to Godfrey Locker-Lampson , Under-Secretary at the Home Office (17 February 1925), serving under Home Secretary William Joynson Hicks . In July 1925, Eden went on a second trip to Canada, Australia and India. He wrote articles for The Yorkshire Post , controlled by his father-in-law Sir Gervase Beckett , under the pseudonym "Backbencher". In September 1925, he represented

2420-528: A stretcher, and he and three others carried the wounded sergeant back with, as he later put it in his memoirs, a "chilly feeling down our spines", unsure whether the Germans had not seen them in the dark or were chivalrously declining to fire. He omitted to mention that he had been awarded the Military Cross (MC) for the incident, of which he made little mention in his political career. On 18 September 1916, after

2541-566: A talented watercolourist, portraitist, and collector of Impressionists . Eden's mother had wanted to marry Francis Knollys , who later became a significant Royal adviser, but the match was forbidden by the Prince of Wales . Although she was a popular figure locally, she had a strained relationship with her children, and her profligacy ruined the family fortunes, meaning Eden's elder brother Tim had to sell Windlestone in 1936. Referring to his parentage, Rab Butler would later quip that Anthony Eden —

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2662-749: A train journey by telling her the MP and the size of his majority for each constituency through which they passed. By 1914 he was a member of the Eton Society ("Pop"). During the First World War , Eden's elder brother, Lieutenant John Eden, was killed in action on 17 October 1914, at the age of 26, while serving with the 12th (Prince of Wales's Royal) Lancers . He is buried in Larch Wood (Railway Cutting) Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery in Belgium. His uncle Robin

2783-625: A variety of ways reflecting the spirit of succeeding generations. Recently, there has been a strong charitable emphasis, embedded with similar developments at the college. This was formalised in 1985, when the Association was granted charitable status by the Charity Commission . It also supports charities connected to the school including Eagle Aid . Stonyhurst has educated prominent individuals in every area, from statesmen to sportsmen, and actors to archbishops. Seven alumni have been awarded

2904-510: Is Mary Tudor 's Book of Hours, which it is believed was given by Mary, Queen of Scots to her chaplain on the scaffold. The manuscript Le Livre de Seyntz Medicines was written in 1354 by Henry, Duke of Lancaster . To these were added the archives of the English Province of the Society of Jesus , which include 16th-century manuscript verses by St Robert Southwell SJ , the letters of St Edmund Campion SJ (1540–81) and holographs of

3025-618: Is a co-educational Catholic private school, adhering to the Jesuit tradition, on the Stonyhurst Estate , Lancashire, England. It occupies a Grade I listed building. The school has been fully co-educational since 1999. A precursor institution of the college was founded in 1593 by Father Robert Persons SJ at St Omer , at a time when penal laws prohibited Catholic education in England. After moving to Bruges in 1762 and Liège in 1773,

3146-608: Is a feature of the Poetry Banquet and Rhetoric Ball. Drama is equally important, with plays staged throughout the school year, the main performance being at Great Academies , whilst some students take Theatre Studies as an additional AS Level subject. The college has a traditional theatre, the Academy Room, and a high-tech theatre built at St Mary's Hall as part of the Centenaries Appeal in 1993. The latter plays host to

3267-453: Is at present no conflict of interest between them on any of the major issues of international policy, which provided a firm foundation between them in the cause of peace. Eden stated when he sent the communiqué to his government, he thought that his colleagues would be "Unenthusiastic, I am sure". John Holroyd-Doveton argued that Eden would be proved right. Not only was the French army defeated by

3388-676: Is central to the ethos of the school, which focuses upon the all-round development of the individual. It is inherited from the Shireburn family who once owned the original mansion on the site; the family emblem is emblazoned, in stone, with the motto, above the fireplace in the Top Refectory. Academic standards are high: 93% of GCSE students attain 9-4 grades; there is a 100% pass rate at A-Level ; and 100% of A-Level leavers take up places at universities (10% to Oxbridge ) or on gap year schemes. The school's most recent inspection rated much of

3509-525: Is commemorated on the Plymouth Naval Memorial . His brother-in-law, Lord Brooke, was wounded during the war. One summer night in 1916, near Ploegsteert , Eden had to lead a small raid into an enemy trench to kill or capture enemy soldiers to identify the enemy units opposite. He and his men were pinned down in no man's land under enemy fire, his sergeant seriously wounded in the leg. Eden sent one man back to British lines to fetch another man and

3630-567: Is listened to by the Cabinet". Eden later wrote that in the early 1930s, the word "appeasement" was still used in its correct sense (from the Oxford English Dictionary ) of seeking to settle strife. Only later in the decade would it come to acquire a pejorative meaning of acceding to bullying demands. He was appointed Lord Privy Seal in January 1934, a position that was combined with

3751-727: Is now the Typographia Collegii , but was once one of seven important stations in the country when the Meteorological Office came under the auspices of the Royal Society . The records of temperature taken there start from 1846 and are the oldest continuous daily records in the world. During the nineteenth century, the observatory was maintained by the astronomer priests, Fr Alfred Weld , Fr Perry and Fr Sidgreaves whose research included astronomy, geomagnetrometry and seismology. Astrophysicist Pietro Angelo Secchi , director of

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3872-502: Is shown that someone is proposing to break the peace let us bring the whole world opinion against her". However, Eden was more realistic and correctly predicted: "Hitler could only be stopped. There may be the only course of action open to us to join with those powers who are members of the League in affirming our faith in that institution and to uphold the principles of the Covenant . It may be

3993-506: Is the opening address of the headmaster at the beginning of the year to the entire school gathered in the Academy Room. Previously, it was a formal transition for pupils from one playroom to the next at the beginning of the year, which involved a pupil from each year announcing to the playroom of the year below them that the next playroom had been vacated by the senior pupils. The students and their belongings would then move up to their next playroom. "Great Academies" takes place annually at

4114-602: The 1924 general election . In January 1925, Eden, disappointed not to have been offered a position, went on a tour of the Middle East and met Emir Feisal of Iraq . Feisal reminded him of the " Czar of Russia & (I) suspect that his fate may be similar" (a similar fate indeed befell the Iraqi Royal Family in 1958 ). During a visit to Pahlavi Iran he inspected the Abadan Refinery , which he likened to "a Swansea on

4235-690: The Battle of Flers-Courcelette (part of the Battle of the Somme ), he wrote to his mother, "I have seen things lately that I am not likely to forget". On 3 October, he was appointed an adjutant , with the rank of temporary lieutenant for the duration of that appointment. At the age of 19, he was the youngest adjutant on the Western Front. Eden's MC was gazetted in the 1917 Birthday Honours list. His battalion fought at Messines Ridge in June 1917. On 1 July 1917, Eden

4356-471: The English College left Benito Mussolini 's Italy and occupied the hall. After their return to Rome , St Mary's Hall opened as a middle school in 1946. At the same time, Hodder Place continued to educate those aged eight to eleven, until its closure and conversion into flats in 1970. Hodder Place pupils moved up to St Mary's Hall to form Hodder Playroom. As successor to Hodder Place, St Mary's Hall has

4477-556: The Oise , opposite Adolf Hitler , as he learned at a conference in 1935. At one point, when brigade HQ was bombed by German aircraft, his companion told him, "There now, you have had your first taste of the next war." On 26 May 1918, he was appointed brigade major of the 198th Infantry Brigade , part of the 66th Division . At the age of 20, Eden was the youngest brigade major in the British Army. He considered standing for Parliament at

4598-631: The Second World War , and a third time in the early 1950s. Having been deputy to Winston Churchill for almost 15 years, Eden succeeded him as the leader of the Conservative Party and prime minister in 1955, and a month later won a general election . Eden's reputation as a skilled diplomat was overshadowed in 1956 when the United States refused to support the Anglo-French military response to

4719-509: The Somme in mid-1916. He was commissioned as a temporary second lieutenant on 2 November 1915 (antedated to 29 September 1915). His battalion transferred to the Western Front on 4 May 1916 as part of the 41st Division . On 31 May 1916, Eden's younger brother, Midshipman William Nicholas Eden, was killed in action, aged 16, on board HMS  Indefatigable during the Battle of Jutland . He

4840-534: The Stanihurst is held in the college's Arundell Library; it dates from approximately 1200. In 1372, a licence was granted to John de Bayley for an oratory on the site. His descendants, the Shireburn family , completed the oldest portion of the extant buildings. Richard Shireburn began building the hall, which was enlarged by his grandson Nicholas who also constructed the ponds, avenue and gardens. Following his death,

4961-593: The Suez Crisis , which critics across party lines regarded as a historic setback for British foreign policy , signalling the end of British influence in the Middle East . Most historians argue that he made a series of blunders, especially not realising the depth of American opposition to military action. Two months after ordering an end to the Suez operation , he resigned as Prime Minister on grounds of ill health, and because he

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5082-448: The Vatican Observatory , also taught astronomy at the college during the period. Sir Edward Sabine chose the observatory as one of his main stations when conducting a magnetic survey of Britain in 1858. Five years later Fr Sidgreaves began the first series of monthly geometric observations, which continued until May 1919. During the course of the twentieth century, the observatory fell out of use and its telescope, parts of which dated to

5203-539: The Victoria Cross , the highest award for gallantry; paintings of them adorn the walls of the Top Refectory in the school. The school's alumni include three saints , twelve Beati , seven archbishops, seven Victoria Cross winners, a Peruvian president , a Bolivian president , a New Zealand prime minister , a signatory of the American Declaration of Independence and several writers, sportsmen, and politicians. Anthony Eden Robert Anthony Eden, 1st Earl of Avon , (12 June 1897 – 14 January 1977)

5324-403: The Yorkshire Post at the Imperial Conference at Melbourne . Eden continued to be PPS to Locker-Lampson when the latter was appointed Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office in December 1925. He distinguished himself with a speech on the Middle East (21 December 1925), that called for the readjustment of Iraqi frontiers in favour of Turkey but also for a continued British mandate , rather than

5445-423: The 1860s, was sold after the Second World War. When its private owner came to sell it, the college was able to buy it back and restore it to its original home. The observatory is today used for astronomical purposes again, whilst also functioning as one of four weather stations used by the Met Office to provide central England temperature data (CET). Music plays a prominent rôle in school life. All those entering

5566-414: The 1920s, Jesuit priests were trained on site in what is today the preparatory school. There was a drop in vocations after World War I and the seminary was closed. The number of Jesuits teaching at Stonyhurst fell to a third of the staff within a decade. Since then, the Jesuit presence has been in decline, but the school continues to place Catholicism and Jesuit philosophy at its core under the guidance of

5687-436: The 19th-century poet Gerard Manley Hopkins . The Arundell Library has a copy of the Chronicles of Jean Froissart , captured at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, and held the 7th-century Stonyhurst Gospel of St John before it was loaned to the British Library , as well as a First Folio of Shakespeare. Among those collections kept away from public view are numerous blood-soaked garments from Jesuits martyred in Japan,

5808-404: The Bay, and the Square) contain many artefacts from the Society of Jesus and English Catholicism. The Arundell Library, presented in 1837 by Everard, 11th Baron Arundell of Wardour , is the most significant; it is not only a country-house library from Wardour Castle but also has a notable collection of 250 incunabula , medieval manuscripts and volumes of Jacobite interest, signal among which

5929-423: The British Army's acute manpower shortage. Although David Lloyd George , then the British prime minister , was one of the few politicians of whom Eden reported frontline soldiers speaking highly, he wrote to his sister (23 December 1917) in disgust at his "wait and see twaddle" in declining to extend conscription to Ireland . In March 1918, during the German spring offensive , he was stationed near La Fère on

6050-426: The British Task Force commander and commander of the British Army's II Corps , ordered a house-to-house search of a five-block area and for all males over the age of 15 found there to be detained and questioned. The searches were unsuccessful in locating the missing officer. The United Nations also made efforts to obtain information on Moorhouse's disappearance. On 22 December 1956 the kidnappers allowed Major Wiks,

6171-423: The British cabinet feared of the spread of Bolshevism to Britain and hated the Soviets, but Eden went with an open mind and had a respect for Stalin: "(Stalin's) personality made itself felt without exaggeration. He had natural good manners, perhaps a Georgian inheritance. Though I knew the man was without mercy, I respected the quality of his mind and even felt a sympathy I have never been able to analyse. Perhaps it

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6292-412: The England Schools U16 and U18 Rugby teams. These include Daniel Mckenzie and Andy Fuller who both received an U18 England cap in 2000. Stonyhurst Football, inherited from the College of St Omer (along with Stonyhurst Cricket), was played between the handball walls on the Playground. The game was discontinued with the advent of association football but was re-established in 1988 when a "Grand Match"

6413-430: The Foreign Office, if the Conservatives had won the 1929 election . The 1929 general election was the only time that Eden received less than 50% of the vote at Warwick. After the Conservative defeat, he joined a progressive group of younger politicians consisting of Oliver Stanley , William Ormsby-Gore and the future Speaker W.S. "Shakes" Morrison . Another member was Noel Skelton , who had before his death coined

6534-421: The Jesuit Henry Garnet . In the Stuart Parlour are portraits of Jacobites including James Francis Edward Stuart , and his sons Charles Edward Stuart and Henry Benedict Stuart . There are also several original engravings by Rembrandt and Dürer , such as the 'Greater Passion' and the 'Car of Maximillian'. The school has a functioning observatory which was built in 1866. An older observatory, built in 1838,

6655-422: The Jesuits were forced to flee and re-established their school at Bruges . The school was moved in 1773 to Liège , where it operated for two decades before moving to Stonyhurst on 29 August 1794. Schooling resumed on 22 October that year. The college flourished during the 19th century: the Society of Jesus was re-established in Britain at Stonyhurst in 1803, and over the century, student numbers rose from

6776-419: The Latin phrase Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam which means For the Greater Glory of God . At the end of a piece of work they write L.D.S. in the centre of the page. It stands for Laus Deo Semper which means Praise to God Always . These are both traditional Jesuit mottoes. As a registered charity, Stonyhurst is obliged to provide benefits to the wider community under the terms of the Charities Act 2006 . As such,

6897-412: The Rhetoric Ball and Rhetoric Mass the following morning. Stonyhurst College has one sister school in Penang , Malaysia , called Stonyhurst International School Penang . After less formal arrangements had been made for many years, the Association was formed in 1879. Its primary objective is to foster a strong spirit of union amongst past pupils and friends of Stonyhurst, which has been achieved in

7018-489: The Sun in 1926 that was highly critical of the detrimental effect of socialism on Australia and to which Stanley Baldwin wrote a foreword. In November 1928, with Austen Chamberlain away on a voyage to recover his health, Eden had to speak for the government in a debate on a recent Anglo-French naval agreement in reply to Ramsay MacDonald, then Leader of the Opposition. According to Austen Chamberlain, he would have been promoted to his first ministerial job, Under-Secretary at

7139-402: The annual Ribble Valley International Piano Week. Several former pupils have gone on to achieve success upon the stage, including OSCAR -winning actor and director Charles Laughton and BAFTA -winning director and producer Peter Glenville . Art is an important part of the curriculum, and is compulsory for those in Lower Grammar (year nine). There is a dedicated art studio in addition to

7260-435: The by-election campaign, Parliament was dissolved for the December 1923 general election . He was elected to Parliament at the age of twenty-six. The first Labour Government , under Ramsay MacDonald , took office in January 1924. Eden's maiden speech (19 February 1924) was a controversial attack on Labour's defence policy, and was heckled; he was thereafter careful to speak only after deep preparation. He later reprinted

7381-417: The cabinet for the first time when Stanley Baldwin formed his third administration in June 1935. Eden later came to recognise that peace could not be maintained by appeasement of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy . He privately opposed the policy of the Foreign Secretary, Sir Samuel Hoare , of trying to appease Italy during its invasion of Abyssinia (now called Ethiopia ) in 1935. After Hoare resigned after

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7502-450: The centre of which is a stone statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary. St Peter's Church underwent extensive repair and refurbishment in 2010–11. Most of the Victorian stencilling was not restored, although the whitewash was removed from the stencilling above the altar. It is a long-standing practice, as with many Jesuit schools around the world, that pupils write A.M.D.G. in the top left hand corner of any piece of work they do. It stands for

7623-422: The college is home to the local Catholic parish church, which receives worshippers from Hurst Green every day. Its sports facilities, including the swimming pool and all-weather pitch are available for public use; the latter was used for competitors training for the London 2012 Olympic Games . Much of the estate has public access; in particular the gardens and tea house are visited during the summer months, while

7744-527: The college plays host to tours, antiques fairs, food festivals, music concerts, conferences and weddings. The school has relationships with several state schools , arranging shared activities with their pupils, in particular those serving special needs children. In addition, the school makes available some places to pupils offered on scholarship, bursaries or free of charge; almost a third of current pupils receive financial support for their places. The French motto Quant je puis , 'As much as I can'

7865-503: The college was headed for oblivion, but for the generosity of an old boy , Thomas Weld (of Lulworth) , who intervened. Weld's enormous benefaction enabled the expatriated school to establish itself on English soil in 1794 when it was granted the Stonyhurst estate. It provides boarding and day education to approximately 450 boys and girls aged 13–18. On an adjacent site, its preparatory school , St Mary's Hall , provides education for boys and girls aged 3–13. The earliest deed concerning

7986-409: The college was located at St Omer in Flanders . Pupils are required to participate in games on a regular basis. The school plays rugby union and other sports. Since turning fully co-educational, hockey and rounders have widened the sports programme. Stonyhurst College Rugby Union Football Club (SCRUFC) has played a big part in the life of the school, despite only supplanting football as

8107-533: The country. The school has produced sixteen international rugby players (England (5), Ireland (6), Scotland (1) Italy (1), the USA (1) Bermuda (1) and the Bahamas (1)), as well as players for the Barbarians and the British and Irish Lions. Most recently they include Iain Balshaw and Kyran Bracken , who both played for England when they won the 2003 Rugby World Cup , whilst another member of that team, Will Greenwood , went to Stonyhurst Saint Mary's Hall , where his mother taught maths until 2007. Current pupils of

8228-443: The curfew and constant British patrols, and when they returned they found him dead. He was then buried secretly in the Port Said graveyard. In late December 1956, Banks returned to Egypt to recover Moorhouse's body, and the British government asked the UN and Swiss government to mediate to recover the body with the Egyptian authorities. The Egyptians complied with the UN request on 2 January 1957 and, on 4 January 1957, Moorhouse's body

8349-406: The curriculum. The educational practice, observed at the College of St Omer , of dividing a class into Romans and Carthaginians continued long after the migration to Stonyhurst but is not employed today; each pupil would be pitched against an opponent with the task of picking up on the other's mistakes in an attempt to score points. Until Catholics were admitted to Oxbridge in 1854, Stonyhurst

8470-432: The early 1920s, his biographer writes that his teenage letters and diaries "only really come to life" when discussing the subject. He was a strong, partisan Conservative, thinking his protectionist father "a fool" in November 1912 for trying to block his free-trade supporting uncle from a Parliamentary candidacy. He rejoiced in the defeat of Charles Masterman at a by-election in May 1914 and once astonished his mother on

8591-559: The education and pastoral provision as 'outstanding'. In 2023, 40% of students scored A*-A for A Levels while 46% of students that took the GCSEs scored 9-7. Ten GCSEs are usually taken by each pupil, consisting of five compulsory subjects (Religious Studies, Mathematics , English Language and Literature , and a modern language (French, German or Spanish) plus Information Technology and Personal, Social Education, with five other options from humanities, sciences, or arts subjects. In Poetry (lower sixth), four or five AS-Levels are taken from

8712-408: The end of the first half of the summer term. Although different in its present form, it is a continuation of a tradition begun at St Omers, with the first taking place at Stonyhurst on 6 August 1795. Today, it is an occasion when the school is on display – there are exhibitions, musical performances, the school play, sporting events, as well as prize-giving and the headmaster's speech, culminating with

8833-668: The end of the war, but the general election was called too early for that to be possible. After the Armistice with Germany , he spent the winter of 1918–1919 in the Ardennes with his brigade; on 28 March 1919, he transferred to be brigade major of the 99th Infantry Brigade . Eden contemplated applying for a commission in the Regular Army, but these were very hard to come by with the army contracting so rapidly. He initially shrugged off his mother's suggestion of studying at Oxford. He also rejected

8954-501: The estate passed to his wife and then to sole heir, their daughter, Mary, the Duchess of Norfolk . In 1754, it was inherited by her cousin, Edward Weld (Senior) . After his death it passed to Weld's eldest son, also Edward . Edward, who was to be Maria Fitzherbert 's first husband, fell off his horse three months after the wedding and died intestate; the estate passed to Edward senior's third son and Edward's youngest brother, Thomas . As

9075-458: The experience of being the only people to have had dinner with Hitler, Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin although not on the same occasion. Hitler never had dinner with any of the other three leaders, and as far as is known, Stalin never saw Hitler. Attlee was convinced that public opinion could stop Hitler, saying in a speech in the House of Commons: "We believe in a League system in which the whole world would be ranged against an aggressor. If it

9196-507: The failure of the Hoare-Laval Pact , Eden succeeded him as Foreign Secretary. When Eden had his first audience with King George V , the King is said to have remarked, "No more coals to Newcastle, no more Hoares to Paris". In 1935, Baldwin sent Eden on a two-day visit to see Hitler, with whom he dined twice. Litvinov's biographer John Holroyd-Doveton believed that Eden shares with Molotov

9317-701: The first time on 16 October 1900, in the Ambulacrum, overseen by The First Volunteer Battalion, the East Lancashire Regiment who gave instruction in drill and musketry. The original uniform was scarlet with a white piping and slouch hat, which was changed to khaki before the First World War . The Corps was granted the honour of representation at the Coronation of 1910 and sent members to the Royal Review at Windsor in 1911. It also appeared on parade annually for

9438-607: The following platoons named after Stonyhurst's seven Victoria Cross winners: Those in Grammar Playroom (year ten) are automatically enrolled in the CCF and are given the option of continuing at the end of the year, following a summer camp which takes place at a local barracks. Training involves a range of activities such as drill (marching and related manoeuvres), shooting, learning how to assemble and clean weapons, tactical planning and team work. The school supplies pupils with uniform,

9559-457: The gardens. The 20th century saw the gradual hiring of a mostly lay staff, as the number of Jesuits declined. The seminary at St Mary's Hall was closed, and the school discontinued its education of university-aged philosophers. With the closure of Beaumont College in 1967 and the transfer away from the Society of Jesus of Mount St Mary's College , Spinkhill, Derbyshire, in 2006, Stonyhurst became

9680-496: The hands of the Jesuits as part of the estate donated by alumnus Thomas Weld. Originally used as a novitiate , it became a preparatory school to the college in 1807. St Mary's Hall , on an adjoining site to Stonyhurst, was built as a Jesuit seminary in 1828 (extended in the 1850s) and functioned until 1926, when the seminarians moved to Heythrop Hall . The poet Gerard Manley Hopkins , and John Tolkien, son of J. R. R. Tolkien , trained as priests there. During World War II ,

9801-610: The influence of his father, Eden gave a paper on Paul Cézanne , whose work was not yet widely appreciated. Eden was already collecting paintings. In July 1920, still an undergraduate, Eden was recalled to military service as a lieutenant in the 6th Battalion of the Durham Light Infantry . In the spring of 1921, once again as a temporary captain, he commanded local defence forces at Spennymoor as serious industrial unrest seemed possible. He again relinquished his commission on 8 July. He graduated from Oxford in June 1922 with

9922-559: The last. Eden learned French and German on continental holidays and, as a child, is said to have spoken French better than English. Although Eden was able to converse with Adolf Hitler in German in February 1934 and with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in French at Geneva in 1954, he preferred, out of a sense of professionalism, to have interpreters translate at formal meetings. Although Eden later claimed to have had no interest in politics until

10043-596: The local countryside, and former pupil Sir Arthur Conan Doyle whose "Baskerville Hall" was modelled on Stonyhurst Hall, and who named Sherlock Holmes' nemesis, Moriarty, after a fellow pupil. J. R. R. Tolkien wrote part of The Lord of the Rings in a classroom on the Upper Gallery during his stay at the college where his son taught Classics; his " Middle-earth " is said to resemble the local area, while there are specific resonances in names such as "Shire Lane", (the name of

10164-623: The newly created office of Minister for League of Nations Affairs. As Lord Privy Seal, Eden was sworn of the Privy Council in the 1934 Birthday Honours . On 25 March 1935, accompanying Sir John Simon , Eden met Hitler in Berlin and raised a weak protest after Hitler restored conscription against the Versailles Treaty. The same month, Eden also met Stalin and Litvinov in Moscow. He entered

10285-518: The office was held by Lord Reading (in the House of Lords), but Sir John Simon held the position from November 1931. Like many of his generation who had served in the First World War, Eden was strongly antiwar , and he strove to work through the League of Nations to preserve European peace. The government proposed measures superseding the post-war Versailles Treaty to allow Germany to rearm (albeit replacing its small professional army with

10406-502: The orderliness of which is rigorously enforced and inspected each week. Each platoon is led by a Junior Under Officer , his sergeant and corporals who are sixth form students. Some pupils have gone on to receive places at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst . This follows a long tradition of service from Stonyhurst pupils: many Old Stonyhurst (O.S.) were killed in the two World Wars and are commemorated on

10527-506: The original twelve migrants from Liège. By the turn of the following century, it had become England's largest Catholic college. Stonyhurst Hall underwent extensive alterations and additions to accommodate these numbers; the Old South Front was constructed in 1810, only to be demolished and replaced with much grander buildings in the 1880s. A seminary was constructed on the estate , and an observatory and meteorological station erected in

10648-620: The phrase "property-owning democracy", which Eden was later to popularise as a Conservative Party aspiration. Eden advocated co-partnership in industry between managers and workers, whom he wanted to be given shares . In opposition between 1929 and 1931, Eden worked as a City broker for Harry Lucas, a firm that was eventually absorbed into S. G. Warburg & Co. In August 1931, Eden held his first ministerial office as Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs in Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald 's National Government . Initially,

10769-485: The playrooms, having a sequence of playroom masters (rather than a single housemaster). In addition to the horizontal division of the school into playrooms, there is also a vertical grouping which cuts through the year groups, the "lines", and is used mostly for competitive purposes in sport and music. The lines and colours are as follows: The Ascensio Scholarum , inherited from the College of St Omer , in its present form,

10890-548: The relics of the 3rd-century Roman convert St Gordianus . The Jesuits brought his remains from the College of St Omer and held them beneath the altar since 1859. His bones were temporarily removed in 2006 while the chapel underwent restoration, but they have since been returned. The chapel is again used by the re-established Sodality . Adjacent to the Old Infirmary is the Rosary Garden, a place for spiritual contemplation, at

11011-486: The same progress as naval disarmament at the Washington and London Treaties and arguing that French disarmament was needed to "secure for Europe that period of appeasement which is needed". Eden's speech was met with approval by the House of Commons. Neville Chamberlain commented shortly afterwards, "That young man is coming along rapidly; not only can he make a good speech but he has a good head and what advice he gives

11132-515: The school have won places to represent Spain, Mexico (under 19s) the Irish Exiles and the Welsh Exiles (under 19s). Old boys have also played at varsity level and have won blues for Oxford or Cambridge. Stonyhurst has had well-known coaches, including former England coaches Ben Sanders , Dick Greenwood and Brian Ashton who coached the first XV. Many pupils have represented Stonyhurst in

11253-624: The school in Lower Grammar (year nine) are obliged to learn to play an orchestral instrument. There are two choirs: the Chapel Choir, which sings regularly at mass, and the Schola Cantorum , composed of teachers and pupils, which sings at concerts and public events such as the May celebration in the college amphitheatre. Pupils participate in the school orchestra and various bands, whilst the staff band

11374-686: The school may be traced back to establishments in St Omer in what was then the Spanish Netherlands in 1593, where a college, under the Royal Patronage of Philip II of Spain , was founded by Fr Robert Persons SJ for English boys unable to receive a Catholic education in Elizabethan England . As such it was one of several expatriate English schools operating on the European mainland. In 1762,

11495-574: The school's primary sport in 1921. All boys are encouraged to play when they enter Lower Grammar but are not required to play throughout their time at the school. Stonyhurst has a successful rugby season, with games well supported by pupils, staff and parents. Sporting rivalry is particularly prominent against fellow Catholic independent schools Ampleforth College , Mount St Mary's College and Sedbergh School in Cumbria . The Stonyhurst Sevens take place annually, attracting large crowds and teams from all over

11616-460: The skull of Cardinal Morton , ropes used to quarter St Edmund Campion SJ , hair of St Francis Xavier SJ , an enormous solid silver jewel-encrusted monstrance , the Wintour vestments, a cope made for Henry VII , and a thorn said to be from the crown of thorns placed upon Jesus' head at the crucifixion . The school owns paintings, including a portrait of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and another of

11737-403: The sole Jesuit public school in England. Since the Second World War , the buildings have been refurbished or developed. Additions include new science buildings in the 1950s and 1960s, a new boarding wing in the 1960s, a new swimming pool in the 1980s and Weld House in 2010. The school became fully co-educational in 1999. The original preparatory school to Stonyhurst, Hodder Place , came into

11858-582: The spectacle of the Corpus Christi celebrations until the practice became obsolete after Vatican II . After the Second World War , school OTCs were succeeded by the Combined Cadet Force . Stonyhurst's is run from the College Armoury adjoining the Ambulacrum and Shooting Range, led by a team of officers under a Major assigned to the school. It meets weekly on a Thursday afternoon and comprises

11979-575: The spectacle of the great powers of the League reaffirming their intentions to collaborate more closely than ever is not only the sole means of bringing home to Germany that the inevitable effect of persisting in her present policy will be to consolidate against her all those nations which believe in collective security but will also tend to give confidence to those less powerful nations which through fear of Germany's growing strength might well otherwise be drawn into her orbit". Eden proceeded to Moscow for talks with Stalin and Soviet Minister Litvinov, Most of

12100-567: The speech in the collection Foreign Affairs (1939) to give the impression that he had been a consistent advocate of air strength. Eden admired H. H. Asquith , then in his final year in the Commons, for his lucidity and brevity. On 1 April 1924, Eden spoke to urge Anglo-Turkish friendship and the ratification of the Treaty of Lausanne , which had been signed in July 1923. The Conservatives returned to power at

12221-516: The surge in the Labour vote made that unlikely. His main sponsor was the Marquess of Londonderry , a local coal owner. The seat went from Liberal to Labour. Eden's father had died on 20 February 1915. As a younger son, he had inherited capital of £7,675 and in 1922 he had a private income of £706 after tax (approximately £375,000 and £35,000 at 2014 prices). Eden read the writings of Lord Curzon , and

12342-528: The temporary rank of captain . He served at Second Army HQ between mid-November 1917 and 8 March 1918, missing out on service in Italy (as the 41st Division had been transferred there after the Italian Second Army was defeated at the Battle of Caporetto ). Eden returned to the Western Front as a major German offensive was clearly imminent, only for his former battalion to be disbanded to help alleviate

12463-685: The thought of becoming a barrister . His preferred career alternatives at this stage were standing for Parliament for Bishop Auckland, the Civil Service in East Africa or the Foreign Office. He was demobilised on 13 June 1919. He retained the rank of captain. Eden had dabbled in the study of Turkish with a family friend. After the war, he studied Oriental Languages ( Persian and Arabic ) at Christ Church, Oxford , starting in October 1919. Persian

12584-557: The war memorial at the end of the Upper Gallery. The Stonyhurst War Records were published in their honour. A memorial at the top of the main staircase records the names of the six O.S. killed in the Boer War . Unlike most English public schools, Stonyhurst is organised horizontally by year groups (known as playrooms) rather than vertically by houses, although the girls are also split into junior and senior houses. Each playroom has an assigned playroom master, with each cohort moving through

12705-494: Was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1955 until his resignation in 1957. Achieving rapid promotion as a young Conservative member of Parliament , he became foreign secretary aged 38, before resigning in protest at Neville Chamberlain 's appeasement policy towards Mussolini 's Fascist regime in Italy . He again held that position for most of

12826-684: Was also home to "philosopher gentlemen" studying BA courses under the London Matriculation Examination system. Their numbers began to fall after 1894 and the department was closed in 1916. Stonyhurst College has four main libraries: the Arundell, the Bay, the Square and the More (dedicated to Saint Thomas More ). The More Library is the main library for students while the 'House Libraries' (the Arundell,

12947-421: Was an infrequent visitor to Windlestone and probably did not reciprocate Sybil's feelings. Eden was amused by the rumours but, according to his biographer Rhodes James, probably did not believe them. He did not resemble his siblings, but his father Sir William attributed this to his being "a Grey, not an Eden". Eden had an elder brother, John, who was killed in action in 1914, and a younger brother, Nicholas, who

13068-462: Was because of the pragmatic approach. I cannot believe he had any affinity to Marx . Certainly no one could have been less doctrinaire". Eden felt sure most of his colleagues would feel unenthusiastic about any favourable report on the Soviet Union but felt certain to be correct. The representatives of both governments were happy to note that as a result of a full and frank exchange of views, there

13189-402: Was born on 12 June 1897 at Windlestone Hall , County Durham, into a conservative family of landed gentry . He was the third of four sons of Sir William Eden, 7th and 5th Baronet , and Sybil Frances Grey, a member of the prominent Grey family of Northumberland . Sir William was a former colonel and local magistrate from an old titled family . An eccentric and often foul-tempered man, he was

13310-480: Was captured and then taken to a safe house where he was trussed, gagged, tortured and hidden under the floor. It was never intended to kill him, but to kidnap him as a hostage to exchange against prisoners held by the British in Port Said. It was confirmed that Moorhouse was held as a hostage with the intention of exchanging him for Egyptian prisoners. However, he was left alone and bound by his abductors for four days due to

13431-532: Was confirmed as a temporary lieutenant, relinquishing his appointment as adjutant three days later. His battalion fought in the first few days of Third Battle of Ypres (31 July – 4 August). Between 20 and 23 September 1917 his battalion spent a few days on coastal defence on the Franco-Belgian border. On 19 November, Eden was transferred to the General Staff as a General Staff Officer Grade 3 (GSO3), with

13552-725: Was connected to the ancient Roman Catholic aristocracy of the Arundell and Howard families (including the Dukes of Norfolk ), as well as Anglican families including as the earls of Carlisle , Effingham and Suffolk . The Calverts had converted to the Established Church early in the 18th century to regain the proprietorship of Maryland . He also had some Danish (the Schaffalitzky de Muckadell family) and Norwegian (the Bie family) descent. Eden

13673-563: Was flown to Naples , Italy, for formal identification. On 5 January 1957, British pathologists from Scotland Yard formally identified the body as that of Moorhouse. The body was flown back to the UK on 6 January 1957. Lieutenant Moorhouse was buried with full military honours in Lawnswood Cemetery in Leeds on 10 January 1957 after a service at Leeds Cathedral . His memory is marked in the name of

13794-485: Was founded initially to educate English Catholics on the continent in the hope that, through them, Catholicism might be restored in England. Finally, the school settled in England in 1794 and the Society of Jesus was officially re-established in Britain in 1803. Stonyhurst remained the headquarters of the English Province until the middle of the century; by 1851, a third of the Province's Jesuits were based there. Until

13915-645: Was his main and Arabic his secondary language. He studied under Richard Paset Dewhurst and David Samuel Margoliouth . At Oxford, Eden took no part in student politics, and his main leisure interest at the time was art. Eden was in the Oxford University Dramatic Society and President of the Asiatic Society. Along with Lord David Cecil and R. E. Gathorne-Hardy he founded the Uffizi Society, of which he later became president. Possibly under

14036-609: Was hoping to emulate him by entering politics with a view to specialising in foreign affairs. Eden married Beatrice Beckett in the autumn of 1923, and after a two-day honeymoon in Essex , he was selected to fight Warwick and Leamington for a by-election in November 1923. His Labour opponent, Daisy Greville , Countess of Warwick, was, by coincidence, his sister Elfrida's mother-in-law, and also mother to his wife's step-mother, Marjorie Blanche Eve Beckett, née Greville. On 16 November 1923, during

14157-467: Was killed when the battlecruiser HMS  Indefatigable blew up and sank at the Battle of Jutland in 1916. Eden was educated at two independent schools. He attended Sandroyd School in Wiltshire from 1907 to 1910, where he excelled in languages. He then started at Eton College in January 1911. There, he won a Divinity prize and excelled at cricket, rugby and rowing, winning House colours in

14278-531: Was later shot down and captured whilst serving with the Royal Flying Corps . Volunteering for service in the British Army , like many others of his generation, Eden served with the 21st (Service) Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps (Yeoman Rifles) (KRRC), a Kitchener's Army unit, initially recruited mainly from County Durham country labourers, who were increasingly replaced by Londoners after losses at

14399-575: Was once amused to learn that one of his ancestors had, like Churchill's ancestor the Duke of Marlborough , been the lover of Barbara Castlemaine . There was speculation for many years that Eden's biological father was the politician and man of letters George Wyndham , but this is considered impossible as Wyndham was in South Africa at the time of Eden's conception. Eden's mother was rumoured to have had an affair with Wyndham. His mother and Wyndham exchanged affectionate communications in 1896 but Wyndham

14520-533: Was played at Great Academies; traditionally a "Grand Match" was played on Shrove Tuesday and was the primary Stonyhurst Football match of the season. The teams were England vs France (although during the Crimean War England vs Russia was played and more recently England vs Ireland was played in the 1980s). The last game took place in 1995. Towards the end of the Summer Term each year, Rhetoric boys issue

14641-513: Was widely suspected of having misled the House of Commons over the degree of collusion with France and Israel . Eden is generally considered to be among the least successful of British prime ministers in the 20th century, although two broadly sympathetic biographies have gone some way to shifting the balance of opinion. He was the first out of fifteen British prime ministers to be appointed by Queen Elizabeth II in her seventy-year reign. Eden

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