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38-701: Monteveglio ( Muntvì or Måntvî in the western Bolognese dialect ) is a frazione (village) in the comune (municipality) of Valsamoggia . It is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Bologna , near the Samoggia River , in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna . It was an independent comune until 2014, when it merged with the neighboring municipalities of Bazzano, Valsamoggia , Castello di Serravalle , Crespellano , and Savigno . Monteveglio's main attractions are its pieve of Santa Maria and Oratory of San Rocco. The name Monteveglio may have come from

76-501: A masculine word do not have an -a : la rôda , "the wheel", äl rôd , "the wheels". The plurals of feminine words constructed from masculine words are formed by using an -i instead of an -a : biånnda , "blonde", biånndi , "blondes"; ziéṅna "aunt", ziéṅni , "aunts". Exception: bån, bôna No observable patterns exist for ô or ò . Sometimes stressed ô or ò turns into û on plural forms for example: al ciôd - i ciûd and al òc' - i ûc' . Other times it

114-450: A recent survey. On the other hand, the same survey showed Piedmontese is still spoken by over half the population, alongside Italian. Authoritative sources confirm this result, putting the figure between 2 million and 3 million speakers out of a population of 4.2 million people. Efforts to make it one of the official languages of the Turin 2006 Winter Olympics were unsuccessful. Piedmontese

152-550: A region of Northwest Italy . Although considered by most linguists a separate language , in Italy it is often mistakenly regarded as an Italian dialect . It is linguistically included in the Gallo-Italic languages group of Northern Italy (with Lombard , Emilian , Ligurian and Romagnol ), which would make it part of the wider western group of Romance languages , which also includes French , Arpitan , Occitan , and Catalan . It

190-660: A system of fortifications between the Samoggia and Panaro rivers, protecting inner Italy from the Lombards until the final conquest of Liutprand in 727. In 728, Monteveglio joined the Duchy of Persiceta . In the 11th century, Monteveglio was fundamental in Countess Matilda of Tuscany's desperate resistance to Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV's invasion of Italy, after his humiliating defeat to Pope Gregory VII at Canossa . Supposedly, it

228-468: Is a dialect of Emilian , one of the Gallo-Italic languages of the Romance family. It shares many common features with other Gallo-Italic languages such as Piedmontese , Lombard , Venetian , Romagnol and Ligurian , and it is closer to them than to Italian. Bolognese evolved a group of Gallo-Romance languages sharing features with neighbouring northern Italian languages. It developed more distinctly into

266-720: Is also spoken in some states of Brazil, along with the Venetian language . The first documents in the Piedmontese language were written in the 12th century, the sermones subalpini  [ it ] , when it was extremely close to Occitan , dating from the 12th century, a document devoted to the education of the Knights Templar stationed in Piedmont. During the Renaissance, the oldest Piedmontese literary work of secular character, are

304-413: Is complicated. Unlike Italian, inflection usually happens not by adding suffixes but rather by apophony : However, when words that end with -èl or -ôl are pluralised, the -èl or -ôl is changed to -î and -û respectively: martèl , "hammer", martî , "hammers"; fiôl , "son", fiû "sons". There are some exceptions to that rule, such as nurmèl , "normal", which

342-423: Is divided into three major groups The variants can be detected in the variation of the accent and variation of words. It is sometimes difficult to understand a person that speaks a different Piedmontese from the one you are used to, as the words or accents are not the same. The Eastern Piedmontese group is more phonologically evolved than its western counterpart. The words that in the west end with jt, jd or t in

380-428: Is invariable for example: al sôld - i sôld and l òmen - i òmen . Alteration is the formation of words from others that are not changed in their fundamental features; instead, the way in which the concept is considered changes. The alterations can be added together to form chains: The alteration suffix is always stressed. Therefore, metaphony occurs: Often alterations change the gender of words: Adjective become

418-536: Is preferable to use the augmentative –ån, -åna and the diminutive én, éna, àtt, àtta, etc. Therefore, to say “a small house” would be “una caṡlatta” and certainly not “una cén cà”! Even figurative expressions (a little help, a little stylist) should be translated with a few turns of phrase: (un pôc d’ajût, un stiléssta in fâza) Superlativo Relativo article + pió + noun + ed Special forms meglio / migliore peggio / peggiore Orthographic rules Combination with preposition Orthographic rules: The plural of

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456-591: Is pronounced separately, /ˈya/ . Some of the characteristics of the Piedmontese language are: Piedmontese has a number of varieties that may vary from its basic koiné to quite a large extent. Variation includes not only departures from the literary grammar, but also a wide variety in dictionary entries, as different regions maintain words of Frankish or Lombard origin, as well as differences in native Romance terminology. Words imported from various languages are also present, while more recent imports tend to come from France and from Italian. A variety of Piedmontese

494-460: Is shared partially (in the case of the infinitive time) also by most of the western dialects, including the Turin one, that is the most spoken dialect of western piedmontese (and also of the whole piedmontese language). A morphological variation that sharply divides east and west is the indicative imperfect conjugation of irregular verbs. In the east, the suffix ava/iva is used, while in the west asìa/isìa

532-696: Is spoken in the core of Piedmont , in northwestern Liguria (near Savona ), and in Lombardy (some municipalities in the westernmost part of Lomellina near Pavia ). It has some support from the Piedmont regional government but is considered a dialect rather than a separate language by the Italian central government. Due to the Italian diaspora Piedmontese has spread in the Argentinian Pampas , where many immigrants from Piedmont settled. The Piedmontese language

570-472: Is unchanged when made plural, and some others, such as sàntel , "godfather", which are unchanged when made plural because words are not truncated, that is, with a stress that does not fall on è or ô . Masculine words that end in a consonant are unchanged when made plural and so the number can be identified only by the preceding article: al râm , "the branch", i râm , "the branches". In addition, pluralised feminine words that are not constructed from

608-417: Is used. The groups are also distinguished by differing conjugation of the present simple of the irregular verbs: dé , andé , sté (to give, to go, to stay). /v/ is realized as labio-velar [ w ] between /a/ and /u/ and as [ w ] or [ f ] when in word-final position. Allophones of / a / are [ ɑ, ɒ ] in stressed syllables and as [ɐ] when in unstressed position and at end of the word. Piedmontese

646-430: Is written with a modified Latin alphabet. The letters, along with their IPA equivalent, are shown in the table below. Certain digraphs are used to regularly represent specific sounds as shown below. All other combinations of letters are pronounced as written. Grave accent marks stress (except for o which is marked by an acute to distinguish it from ò ) and breaks diphthongs, so ua and uà are /wa/ , but ùa

684-545: The Latin mons belli, "mountain of war". However, though phonetically feasible, this view lacks documentary evidence, and archaeologically there is no evidence of Roman fortification or a garrison in the area. More likely is that Monteveglio is a corruption of Montebello , "beautiful mountain". The lands surrounding the Samoggia River have been inhabited since the Neolithic era , as evidenced by archaeological finds now visible in

722-673: The Middle Ages as a dialect of the Emilian language. During the High Middle Ages , a number of troubadours composing lyrical poetry were active in Bologna , especially during the 13th century. That served to raise cultural awareness to the possibility of composing songs, poems and other works in vernacular languages. One of the first references to Bolognese as a distinct language was made by Dante Alighieri , in his De vulgari eloquentia , written in

760-562: The 20th century, where children were punished for speaking the dialect in school, as it was considered to be a sign of poor education and etiquette. In 1964, Alberto Menarini proposed an alphabet with many of the same letters still used. In recent times, Bolognese has enjoyed a period of rebirth with some words, such as umarell , derived from Bolognese umarèl , becoming popular beyond Bologna itself. Here are some prominent features of Bolognese phonology: The phonemes of Bolognese are realized phonetically very differently depending on

798-519: The Archaeological Museum of Bazzano . Settlement at Monteveglio, however, only certainly dates back to the 1st century AD. At this time, there were Roman villas in the area of the modern abbey. Very little remains of them. Only one building in the village today bears the remains of Roman facades and columns . During the Middle Ages, Monteveglio, along with other settlements, became part of

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836-436: The Piedmontese language were written in the 12th century, the sermones subalpini , when it was extremely close to Occitan . In 2004, Piedmontese was recognised as Piedmont's regional language by the regional parliament, although the Italian government has not yet recognised it as such. In theory, it is now supposed to be taught to children in school, but this is happening only to a limited extent. The last decade has seen

874-506: The area in or around Bologna. Much free variation occurs in words from complex phonological processes. Bolognese has 25 consonant phonemes: Bolognese dialect has 2 diphthongs, namely /ai/ and /ʌu/. The general syllable structure of Bolognese syllables is: Thus, Bolognese words can have up to three consonants in the initial group (e.g. ṡżlèr , ṡgrinzlîr , ṡbléṡṡg , spzèr , strén , scrîver , sfrunblè , ftléṅna , ftièri , friulàn , ptrugnàn , pscarî , pznén ) and two consonants in

912-508: The articles un, una , does not exist. Instead, the partitive is used, consisting of the articulated forms of the preposition ed , or the adjective socuànt/socuànti ( alcuni/alcune ) “some”: In negative sentences, the partitive is used without the article (ed + noun), as in French. In Bolognese, the partitive is used more often than in Italian: If the conjugated verb starts with unstressed a,

950-413: The beginning of the 14th century. During the boom of interest in linguistic diversity during the 19th century, a number of efforts were made to create vocabularies, grammars, and collections of axioms, folk tales, and literature. The first dictionary was compiled in 1901 by Gaspare Ungarelli , who also attempted to create a writing system using the Italian alphabet . A period of stigmatisation followed in

988-435: The east end with [dʒ] e/o [tʃ] for example the westerns [lajt] , [tyjt] , and [vɛj] (milk, all and old) in the east are [lɑtʃ] , [tytʃ] and [vɛdʒ] . A typical eastern features is [i] as allophone of [e] : in word end, at the end of infinitive time of the verb, like in to read and to be ( western [leze] , [ese] vs . eastern [lezi] , [esi] ) and at words feminine plural gender . Although this development

1026-480: The feminine form by adding -a to masculine, therefore they form plural similar to feminine nouns derived from masculine nouns. Adjective Order: 1. Some adjective (such as the one pertaining to orders) must go before the noun: 2. Other adjectives can go before or after the noun in Italian, while in Bolognese it is preferable to put them after: Exception for vèg = strano 3. Some adjectives are often placed before

1064-463: The final group (e.g. gnanc , rimôrs , månnd , cunfinànt , pèrt ) (impermissible consonant combination will result in anaptyxis ). Bolognese only allows 2 diphthongs namely /ai/ and /ʌu/ (e.g. cåurs , intåurn , ataiṡ , raiga ). Orthographically, three consonants can exist simultaneously on coda ( dåntr , cåntr , nòstr , sänpr as syncopic forms of dånter , cånter , nòster , sänper ). However, it must be noted that it arises from -er only when

1102-453: The next word starts with a vowel and in actuality it's pronounced /-ŋ.(C)r(V)./ (1) Followed by a, o, u (2) Followed by i, e (3) End of a syllable (coda) or followed by consonant Bolognese distinguishes two genders, masculine and feminine, and two numbers, single and plural. In most nouns, the suffix -a is added to the masculine word to indicate femininity: defizänt, defizänta; påndg, påndga. The formation of Bolognese plurals

1140-544: The noun as in Italian because by putting them after the noun, a slight variation in meaning would be obtained: These adjectives placed before the noun actually very often have a figurative meaning. “Grand” more often expresses quality than size. Brótt does not necessarily express aesthetic ugliness but a generic pejorative “-accio” (“-âz” in Bolognese). Puvràtt does not express little wealth, but an unhappy condition. 4. To express dimensions (both large and small), in Bolognese, it

1178-405: The publication of learning materials for schoolchildren, as well as general-public magazines. Courses for people already outside the education system have also been developed. In spite of these advances, the current state of Piedmontese is quite grave, as over the last 150 years the number of people with a written active knowledge of the language has shrunk to about 2% of native speakers, according to

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1216-441: The speaker 2. ( lé ) further away from the speaker, often near the listener 3. ( là ) even further away from the speaker and the listener Piedmontese language Piedmontese ( English: / ˌ p iː d m ɒ n ˈ t iː z / PEED -mon- TEEZ ; autonym: piemontèis [pjemʊŋˈtɛjz] or lenga piemontèisa ; Italian : piemontese ) is a language spoken by some 2,000,000 people mostly in Piedmont ,

1254-416: The surrounding 900 hectares constitute the "Monteveglio Abbey Regional Park", which is rich in local wildlife, especially birds. Bolognese dialect Although the term dialect is commonly used in reference to all minority languages native to Italy, most of them are not mutually intelligible with Italian . Bolognese is no exception and so is an Emilian dialect , not an Italian one. Bolognese

1292-524: The verbal pronoun a(i) is dropped. For example mé arîv, nuèter arivän Formal pronouns are used to replace 2nd person pronoun to indicate politeness or courtesy. Formal pronouns in Bolognese include ló for masculine and lî for feminine. Note: ste and sta elides before words starting with vowels. For example: A quest'ora. Che ora è? = Da st’åura. Ch’åur’é? Orthographic rules Demonstrative pronouns or adjective are almost always followed by adverbs indicating degrees of distance: 1. ( qué ) near

1330-701: The works of Zan Zòrs Alion, poet of the duchy of Montferrat, the most famous work being the opera Jocunda. In the 1500s and 1600s, there were several pastoral comedies with parts in Piedmontese. In the Baroque period, El Cont Piolèt , a comedy by Giovan Battista Tan-na d'Entraive was published. Literary Piedmontese developed in the 17th and 18th centuries, but it did not gain literary esteem comparable to that of French or Italian, other languages used in Piedmont. Nevertheless, literature in Piedmontese has never ceased to be produced: it includes poetry , theatre pieces, novels , and scientific work. The first documents in

1368-650: Was Judeo-Piedmontese , a dialect spoken by the Piedmontese Jews until the Second World War , when most were killed during the Holocaust . Some survivors knew the language but as of 2015, the language had gone extinct. It had many loanwards from Provencal , Spanish and Hebrew . It kept many conservative features that Piedmontese abandoned over time. The language never became as large in terms of words as larger Jewish languages like Yiddish , and it never developed

1406-532: Was a "yes" vote of 51.5%. On 1 January 2014 the municipality of Valsamoggia was established. Monteveglio is located in the Bolognese Apennines . The territory is hilly, characterized by extensive forest cover alternating with arable land. There are also badland areas characterized by intense erosion. Over the last century, Monteveglio expanded onto the foot of the 260-meter hill on which its abbey and medieval fortifications are located. "Abbey Hill" and

1444-601: Was the death of the Emperor's son in the battle at Monteveglio that proved the strength of the papal forces and prompted the invaders to retreat. In 2008, Monteveglio was the first Italian municipality to be recognized as a transition town . Since 2009, it has been part of the Union of Common Samoggia Valleys. On 25 November 2012, a referendum was held, proposing merging Monteveglio with the neighbouring municipalities of Bazzano, Castello di Serravalle, Crespellano, and Savigno. The result

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