A steamship , often referred to as a steamer , is a type of steam-powered vessel , typically ocean-faring and seaworthy , that is propelled by one or more steam engines that typically move (turn) propellers or paddlewheels . The first steamships came into practical usage during the early 19th century; however, there were exceptions that came before. Steamships usually use the prefix designations of "PS" for paddle steamer or "SS" for screw steamer (using a propeller or screw). As paddle steamers became less common, "SS" is incorrectly assumed by many to stand for "steamship". Ships powered by internal combustion engines use a prefix such as "MV" for motor vessel , so it is not correct to use "SS" for most modern vessels.
176-593: Monroe is a city in Snohomish County , Washington , United States. It is located at the confluence of the Skykomish , Snohomish , and Snoqualmie rivers near the Cascade foothills , about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Seattle . Monroe's population was 19,699 as of the 2020 census . Monroe was originally founded in 1864 as the town of Park Place, located at the river confluence among several existing settlements in
352-477: A Boeing 777 parts facility, was developed adjacent to another industrial park that was opened a decade earlier. The residential component of the development sold out in 1993 and began construction that year alongside other subdivisions in western Monroe. As part of mitigation for the Fryelands project, an artificial lake named Lake Tye was created to provide wetlands and a park for residents. Between 1990 and 2000,
528-681: A major homeport in Everett that opened in 1994. Snohomish County is part of the Puget Sound region of Western Washington , bordered to the south by King County , to the west by Puget Sound and other inland waters, to the north by Skagit County , and to the east by the Chelan County at the crest of the Cascade Range . According to the United States Census Bureau , the county has
704-442: A term limit of three terms. The county executive is Dave Somers , a Democrat . Somers is a former Snohomish County Councilmember and took office as county executive on January 4, 2016, having won the seat from incumbent and fellow Democrat John Lovick. The county executive seat was chartered in the 1979. The first county executive was conservative Democrat Willis Tucker of Snohomish from 1980 to 1992. Following Tucker,
880-452: A "major driver of the first wave of trade globalization (1870–1913)" and contributor to "an increase in international trade that was unprecedented in human history". Steamships were preceded by smaller vessels, called steamboats , conceived in the first half of the 18th century, with the first working steamboat and paddle steamer , the Pyroscaphe , from 1783. Once the technology of steam
1056-581: A Republican since George H. W. Bush in 1988 . The county's primary elections were historically held in June, but were moved to August in 2008. In the years since, turnout has been under 45% except for 2020; during odd-numbered years with municipal and local races, turnout has been under 27%. Snohomish County is one of the most-populous counties in the United States without a four-year, baccalaureate degree -granting institution. Columbia College offers AA all
1232-599: A certain depth, however when the depth of the ship changed from added weight it further submerged the paddle wheel causing a substantial decrease in performance. Within a few decades of the development of the river and canal steamboat, the first steamships began to cross the Atlantic Ocean . The first sea-going steamboat was Richard Wright's first steamboat Experiment , an ex-French lugger ; she steamed from Leeds to Yarmouth in July 1813. The first iron steamship to go to sea
1408-443: A day when travelling at 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph). Her maiden outward voyage to Melbourne took 42 days, with one coaling stop, carrying 4,000 tons of cargo. Other similar ships were rapidly brought into service over the next few years. By 1885 the usual boiler pressure was 150 pounds per square inch (1,000 kPa) and virtually all ocean-going steamships being built were ordered with triple expansion engines. Within
1584-560: A demonstration project for the potential use of nuclear energy. Thousands of Liberty Ships (powered by steam piston engines) and Victory Ships (powered by steam turbine engines) were built in World War II. A few of these survive as floating museums and sail occasionally: SS Jeremiah O'Brien , SS John W. Brown , SS American Victory , SS Lane Victory , and SS Red Oak Victory . A steam turbine ship can be either direct propulsion (the turbines, equipped with
1760-433: A family was $ 77,479. Males had a median income of $ 56,152 versus $ 41,621 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 30,635. About 5.9% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 10.8% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2000 census , there were 606,024 people, 224,852 households, and 157,846 families residing in the county. The population density
1936-430: A few further experiments until SS Aberdeen (1881) went into service on the route from Britain to Australia. Her triple expansion engine was designed by Dr A C Kirk, the engineer who had developed the machinery for Propontis . The difference was the use of two double ended Scotch type steel boilers, running at 125 pounds per square inch (860 kPa). These boilers had patent corrugated furnaces that overcame
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#17328722486592112-551: A few years, new installations were running at 200 pounds per square inch (1,400 kPa). The tramp steamers that operated at the end of the 1880s could sail at 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) with a fuel consumption of 0.5 ounces (14 g) of coal per ton mile travelled. This level of efficiency meant that steamships could now operate as the primary method of maritime transport in the vast majority of commercial situations. In 1890, steamers constituted 57% of world's tonnage, and by World War I their share raised to 93%. By 1870
2288-582: A fire four years later and later rebuilt. By the end of the decade, Monroe had also gained a new school building, telephone service, a local newspaper , a full-time doctor, and paved sidewalks . On the morning of September 16, 1901, a fire started at the Odd Fellows community hall and spread to nearby buildings, destroying the only complete block of businesses in Monroe. The fire caused an estimated $ 8,100 in damage (equivalent to $ 237,000 in 2023 dollars), but
2464-793: A general climate similar to most of the Puget Sound lowlands, with dry summers and mild, rainy winters moderated by a marine influence from the Pacific Ocean . The majority of the region's precipitation arrives during the winter and early spring, and Monroe averages 177 days of precipitation per year. Monroe's location in the foothills of the Cascade Range brings additional precipitation compared to nearby communities, with 48 inches (1,200 mm) annually compared to 33 inches (840 mm) in Everett. Monroe rarely receives significant snowfall , with an average of 8 inches (20 cm) per year since 1929. July
2640-670: A geographical district that is redrawn every 10 years. As of 2023 , its members are: The judicial branch of the county government is divided between two courts: the Superior Court and District Court. The number of judges in each court is set by the state legislature as recommended by a panel of judges and analysis of the courts. The Superior Court has 17 judges elected to four-year terms and primarily handle major cases, including those that involve felonies and juveniles, as well as some civil cases. The District Court has nine judges that handle infractions, small claims, and domestic violence; it
2816-473: A given distance, but fewer firemen were needed to fuel the boilers, so crew costs and their accommodation space were reduced. Agamemnon was able to sail from London to China with a coaling stop at Mauritius on the outward and return journey, with a time on passage substantially less than the competing sailing vessels. Holt had already ordered two sister ships to Agamemnon by the time she had returned from her first trip to China in 1866, operating these ships in
2992-504: A head wind, most notably against the southwest monsoon when returning with a cargo of new tea. Though the auxiliary steamers persisted in competing in far eastern trade for a few years (and it was Erl King that carried the first cargo of tea through the Suez Canal ), they soon moved on to other routes. What was needed was a big improvement in fuel efficiency. While the boilers for steam engines on land were allowed to run at high pressures,
3168-403: A long bush of soft metal was fitted in the after end of the stern tube. SS Great Eastern had this arrangement fail on her first transatlantic voyage, with very large amounts of uneven wear. The problem was solved with a lignum vitae water-lubricated bearing, patented in 1858. This became standard practice and is in use today. Since the motive power of screw propulsion is delivered along
3344-607: A major cross-state highway. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 6.11 square miles (15.82 km), of which, 6.05 square miles (15.67 km) is land and 0.06 square miles (0.16 km) is water. The city limits are generally defined by Lake Tye and Fryelands Boulevard to the west, the Skykomish River to the south, Woods Creek to the east, and to the north by Milwaukee Hill and other foothills. Monroe also has an urban growth area that includes 251 acres (102 ha) of unincorporated areas on
3520-578: A major flood in February 1932. The WPA also funded road improvements and a new middle school with a small auditorium that is now home to the Wagner Performing Arts Center. The local granges of the Monroe area began organizing agricultural fairs and parades in the 1930s on a semi-regular basis. The county also had its own regular fair that was hosted in Snohomish and Granite Falls until
3696-546: A municipal system serving the city of Everett; Island Transit , which connects Camano Island to Stanwood and Everett; and Skagit Transit , which operates an inter-county route from Everett to Mount Vernon . The regional Link light rail system was extended into Snohomish County with the opening of the Lynnwood Link Extension on August 30, 2024, which includes stations in Mountlake Terrace and Lynnwood on
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#17328722486593872-495: A number of inventions such as the screw propeller , the compound engine , and the triple-expansion engine made trans-oceanic shipping on a large scale economically viable. In 1870 the White Star Line ’s RMS Oceanic set a new standard for ocean travel by having its first-class cabins amidships, with the added amenity of large portholes, electricity and running water. The size of ocean liners increased from 1880 to meet
4048-458: A particularly compact compound engine and taken great care with the hull design, producing a light, strong, easily driven hull. The efficiency of Holt's package of boiler pressure, compound engine and hull design gave a ship that could steam at 10 knots on 20 long tons of coal a day. This fuel consumption was a saving from between 23 and 14 long tons a day, compared to other contemporary steamers. Not only did less coal need to be carried to travel
4224-470: A reduction gear, rotate directly the propellers), or turboelectric (the turbines rotate electric generators, which in turn feed electric motors operating the propellers). While steam turbine-driven merchant ships such as the Algol -class cargo ships (1972–1973), ALP Pacesetter-class container ships (1973–1974) and very large crude carriers were built until the 1970s, the use of steam for marine propulsion in
4400-426: A sailing vessel. The steam engine would only be used when conditions were unsuitable for sailing – in light or contrary winds. Some of this type (for instance Erl King ) were built with propellers that could be lifted clear of the water to reduce drag when under sail power alone. These ships struggled to be successful on the route to China, as the standing rigging required when sailing was a handicap when steaming into
4576-718: A semi-professional basketball team playing in the International Basketball League and the National Athletic Basketball League , hosted its games at Monroe Sports Arena on the high school campus from 2008 to 2010 between stints in Everett. The Reptile Zoo, formerly the Washington Serpentarium, is a roadside animal park for reptiles that is located on U.S. Route 2 east of Monroe. The 3,000-square-foot (280 m) building houses 150 creatures and attracts 40,000 annual visitors. It
4752-399: A shaft that is positioned above the waterline, with the cylinders positioned below the shaft. SS Great Britain used chain drive to transmit power from a paddler's engine to the propeller shaft – the result of a late design change to propeller propulsion. An effective stern tube and associated bearings were required. The stern tube contains the propeller shaft where it passes through
4928-640: A suburban bedroom community in the late 20th century, serving commuters to Everett , Seattle, and the Eastside . It is home to the Monroe Correctional Complex , which absorbed the original reformatory in 1998, and the Evergreen State Fair , which runs annually in late summer. The city is located at the junction of two highways, U.S. Route 2 and State Route 522 , which were expanded in the late 20th century to serve commuters. The confluence of
5104-492: A territorial legislator who settled in Park Place. Park Place and Tualco, located on opposite sides of the Skykomish River, grew with the arrival of more settlers in the 1860s and 1870s. A local school district , the second in the county, was established in 1869 by McClurg, and Park Place gained a post office in 1877 with Woods as postmaster . A ferry crossing the Skykomish River was established in 1882, several years prior to
5280-500: A total square area of approximately 2,196 square miles (5,690 km ), of which 2,087 square miles (5,410 km ) is land and 109 square miles (280 km ), or 5.0%, is water. It is the 13th largest county in Washington by land area and is larger than the states of Delaware and Rhode Island . The county's surface is covered by plains and rolling hills in the west, where the majority of settlements are, and mountainous terrain in
5456-522: A two-year degree online or on campus from Edmonds College, students can continue their studies for a bachelor's degree from Central Washington University-Lynnwood in Snoqualmie Hall, a shared building on the Edmonds CC campus. Residents receive much of their information from Seattle-based media, the most prominent of which include The Seattle Times and regional TV news stations. The Everett Herald
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5632-527: A year, the plant was producing 250,000 pounds (110,000 kg) of condensed milk per day; the Carnation condensery was later closed in 1928 and destroyed in a fire on March 23, 1944. By the early 1910s, Monroe and the Cherry Valley were home to seven school districts serving rural communities in the surrounding area. A union high school was proposed to serve the students graduating from the seven districts and
5808-473: Is Al Borlin Park, a 90-acre (36 ha) nature preserve with hiking trails located on the peninsula formed by the Skykomish River and Woods Creek. The city is also located near two county-owned parks: Lord Hill Regional Park , a 1,300-acre (530 ha) nature reserve with wilderness trails; and Fairfield Park, a facility with several soccer fields near the western city limits. The largest community park in Monroe
5984-484: Is Monroe's warmest month, with average high temperatures of 76.4 °F (24.7 °C ), while January is the coolest, at an average high of 44.9 °F (7.2 °C). The highest recorded temperature, 102 °F (39 °C), occurred on July 29, 2009, and the lowest, −3 °F (−19 °C), occurred on January 18, 1950. The highest recorded snowfall, 60.4 inches (153 cm), also occurred in January 1950. According to
6160-567: Is classified as forestland, which is predominantly located in the eastern portions. These forests are dominated by conifer species such as Douglas firs , hemlocks , and cedars , with pockets of deciduous species in logged areas. As of the 2020 census , there were 827,957 people, 306,828 households, and 211,519 families residing in the county. The population density was 396.8 people per square mile (153.2 people/km ). There were 321,523 housing units at an average density of 146.4 units per square mile (56.5 units/km ). The racial makeup of
6336-449: Is divided into four geographical divisions. Snohomish County has been a reliably Democratic county in recent presidential elections (albeit to a lesser degree than neighboring King County and Seattle ). It has voted Democratic all but four times since 1932, with those four occasions being national Republican landslides in which the GOP candidate won over 400 electoral votes. It has not voted for
6512-548: Is heavily influenced by maritime systems, pushed by prevailing westerly winds but dampened by the Olympic Mountains . The mean monthly temperatures for the county range from 20 to 40 °F (−7 to 4 °C) during the winter and 55 to 65 °F (13 to 18 °C) in the summer. The record highest temperatures were set during a June 2021 heat wave , with highs of up to 109 °F (43 °C) recorded in several areas. Annual precipitation ranges from 35 inches (89 cm) in
6688-1170: Is provided by Amtrak , which has two lines operating within Snohomish County: Amtrak Cascades between Seattle and Vancouver , British Columbia , stopping in Edmonds, Everett, and Stanwood station ; and the Empire Builder between Seattle and Chicago , Illinois , stopping in Edmonds and Everett. Intercity bus service is provided by Greyhound Lines and Northwestern Trailways from Everett Station. Snohomish County has one major airport: Paine Field , otherwise known as Snohomish County Airport, which has had passenger service since March 2019. There are three smaller public airports that are open to general aviation : Arlington Municipal Airport in Arlington , Darrington Municipal Airport in Darrington , and Harvey Field in Snohomish . The county also has several private airports, including
6864-688: Is served by several public transit systems that connect to each other at regional hubs, including Everett Station and Lynnwood Transit Center . The primary provider is Community Transit , which operates local service within the county (apart from the city of Everett ) and commuter service to the Boeing Everett Factory and Downtown Seattle . Sound Transit , a regional transit agency, provides light rail , commuter rail , and express bus services that connect to regional destinations in Seattle and Bellevue . Other providers include Everett Transit ,
7040-428: Is the 64.5-acre (26.1 ha) Lake Tye Park, which comprises sports playfields, a skate park , and a 49-acre (20 ha) artificial lake that is stocked with fish. In the 2010s, a private developer proposed construction of a water park on Lake Tye, but the plan remains unfunded. In 2014, the city government proposed constructing a seven-mile (11 km) pedestrian and bicycle trail to Snohomish that would connect with
7216-470: Is the county's most popular daily newspaper, while weekly newspapers such as the Snohomish County Tribune , Stanwood Camano News and Edmonds Beacon serve their respective communities. The county is part of the Seattle broadcast television market and is served by several regional television news stations, including KOMO , KING , KIRO , KCTS , and KCPQ . Local radio stations based in
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7392-688: Is the legislatively appointed leader of the University Center of North Puget Sound , which offers 25 bachelor's and master's degrees through Western Washington University, Washington State University, Central Washington University, Eastern Washington University, The Evergreen State College, Hope International University, and the University of Washington Bothell. Edmonds College and Central Washington University have worked together since 1975 to provide higher education in Snohomish County. After earning
7568-514: The 1 Line . The project was approved in a 2008 ballot measure and began construction in 2019. An extension to Everett with six or seven stations was approved in the regional Sound Transit 3 ballot measure in 2016 and is expected to open between 2037 and 2041. Community Transit operates a bus rapid transit network called Swift with three lines as of 2024 : the Blue Line , which opened in 2009 from Everett to Shoreline along State Route 99;
7744-526: The 72nd-most populous in the United States. The county seat and largest city is Everett . The county forms part of the Seattle metropolitan area , which also includes King and Pierce counties to the south. The county's western portion, facing Puget Sound and other inland waters of the Salish Sea , is home to the majority of its population and major cities. The eastern portion is rugged and includes portions of
7920-515: The Board of Trade (under the authority of the Merchant Shipping Act 1854 ) would not allow ships to exceed 20 or 25 pounds per square inch (140 or 170 kPa). Compound engines were a known source of improved efficiency – but generally not used at sea due to the low pressures available. Carnatic (1863) , a P&O ship, had a compound engine – and achieved better efficiency than other ships of
8096-404: The Cascade Range , with few settlements along major rivers and most of it designated as part of Mount Baker–Snoqualmie National Forest . Snohomish County is bound to the north by Skagit County , to the east by Chelan County , to the south by King County , and to the west by Kitsap and Island counties. Snohomish County was created out of Island County on January 14, 1861, and is named for
8272-803: The Civilian Conservation Corps developed wilderness and recreational areas around several work camps. During World War II , the county had several shipyards and airplane factories established to supply the United States Armed Forces. Several existing and new airfields were converted into military use, which would continue beyond the war. A post-war population boom brought new suburban development to Snohomish County, where bedroom communities were built alongside new highways to Seattle. In 1967, Boeing began construction of an aircraft assembly plant —the world's largest building—in Everett for its Boeing 747 program. The U.S. Navy located
8448-453: The Cold War (eg. Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov ), because of needs of high power and speed, although from 1970s they were mostly replaced by gas turbines . Large naval vessels and submarines continue to be operated with steam turbines, using nuclear reactors to boil the water. NS Savannah , was the first nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship, and was built in the late 1950s as
8624-621: The East Coast to the West Coast of the United States began on 28 February 1849, with the arrival of SS California in San Francisco Bay . The California left New York Harbor on 6 October 1848, rounded Cape Horn at the tip of South America, and arrived at San Francisco, California, after a four-month and 21-day journey. The first steamship to operate on the Pacific Ocean was
8800-997: The Frontier Airpark and Green Valley Airfield in Granite Falls. The Martha Lake Airport in Martha Lake was a former private airport that was closed in 2000 and was converted into a county park that opened in 2010. Snohomish County is also connected to adjacent counties by two ferry routes operated by Washington State Ferries . The Edmonds–Kingston ferry carries SR 104 between Edmonds and Kingston in Kitsap County . The Mukilteo–Clinton ferry carries SR 525 from Mukilteo to Clinton on Whidbey Island . 48°02′N 121°43′W / 48.04°N 121.71°W / 48.04; -121.71 Steamship As steamships were less dependent on wind patterns, new trade routes opened up. The steamship has been described as
8976-763: The Green Line from the Boeing Everett Factory to Bothell via Airport Road and State Route 527 ; and the Orange Line in Lynnwood and Mill Creek, which opened in 2024. A fourth line, the Gold Line , is planned to open by 2029 and connect Everett to Marysville and Smokey Point . Sound Transit also runs four daily Sounder commuter trains at peak hours between Everett Station and King Street Station in Seattle, stopping at Mukilteo and Edmonds . Intercity rail service
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#17328722486599152-766: The Köppen climate classification system, Monroe has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb). On March 30, 2017, an EF0 tornado struck Monroe and damaged several recreational vehicles at a dealership, but did not injure any people. Tornadoes are a rare occurrence in Western Washington, but the Puget Sound Convergence Zone is able to provide the necessary conditions to create one. Monroe has an estimated workforce population of 7,644 residents and an unemployment rate of 7.2 percent as of 2015. Only 15 percent of employed residents work within city limits, while
9328-573: The Mediterranean and then through the Red Sea . While this worked for passengers and some high value cargo, sail was still the only solution for virtually all trade between China and Western Europe or East Coast America. Most notable of these cargoes was tea , typically carried in clippers . Another partial solution was the Steam Auxiliary Ship – a vessel with a steam engine, but also rigged as
9504-690: The Monroe Transcript in 1908 and the Valley News in 1985, based in Sultan. The publication ceased and merged with Snohomish County Tribune in November 2021. Snohomish County, Washington Snohomish County ( / s n oʊ ˈ h oʊ m ɪ ʃ / ) is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington . With a population of 827,957 as of the 2020 census , it is the third-most populous county in Washington, after nearby King and Pierce counties, and
9680-518: The Salish Sea , including the Stillaguamish and Snohomish (fed by the Skykomish and Snoqualmie rivers). These rivers form several valleys used for agriculture that occasionally flood during major weather events, such as atmospheric rivers . The lowland areas of western Snohomish County generally has a temperate Mediterranean climate similar to the rest of the central Puget Sound region with dry summers and wet winters. The county's weather
9856-408: The Skykomish and Snoqualmie rivers had originally belonged to the indigenous Skykomish tribe, who predominantly occupied the area between modern-day Monroe and Index . The confluence itself was known as Tualco ( Lushootseed : squa'lxo ), and a nearby Skykomish village named S'dodohobc acted as a trade post between several Coast Salish groups. A separate settlement near modern-day Monroe
10032-519: The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers during their expedition to find a suitable pass for a railroad across the Cascade Mountains. The Treaty of Point Elliott was not fully ratified until 1859, but the first American settlers had already arrived and claimed squatters rights to homestead in the Skykomish Valley. Robert Smallman, an English immigrant, arrived in 1855 and was the first to homestead on
10208-696: The reciprocating steam engine , and was far easier to control. Diesel engines also required far less supervision and maintenance than steam engines, and as an internal combustion engine it did not need boilers or a water supply, therefore was more space efficient and cheaper to build. The Liberty ships were the last major steamship class equipped with reciprocating engines. The last Victory ships had already been equipped with marine diesels, and diesel engines superseded both steamers and windjammers soon after World War Two. Most steamers were used up to their maximum economical life span, and no commercial ocean-going steamers with reciprocating engines have been built since
10384-527: The watersheds of French Creek and Woods Creek, which both drain into the Skykomish River before its confluence with the Snoqualmie and Snohomish rivers. The surrounding area includes hills and plateaus that were formed from glacial till and gravel deposits from the Skykomish River. Monroe also sits on a local fault line that produced a pair of minor earthquakes on July 12, 2019, that were felt as far as Seattle and Vancouver without causing damage. Monroe has
10560-578: The 1920s. The granges hosted the first Cavalcade of the Valleys in 1941, which was followed by the Snohomish County Fair at the poor farm grounds in 1946. The event was renamed the Evergreen State Fair in 1949 and has been hosted annually in Monroe ever since. The fairgrounds were bisected by U.S. Route 2 , the successor to an earlier highway across Stevens Pass, which opened in 1949. Following
10736-401: The 1960s. Most steamships today are powered by steam turbines . After the demonstration by British engineer Charles Parsons of his steam turbine-driven yacht, Turbinia , in 1897, the use of steam turbines for propulsion quickly spread. The Cunard RMS Mauretania , built in 1906 was one of the first ocean liners to use the steam turbine (with a late design change shortly before her keel
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#173287224865910912-649: The 1984 television series Hot Pursuit and horror films The Ring and The Ring Two . Several scenes in The Butterfly Effect , 7 Minutes , and Korean film Late Autumn were filmed at the Monroe Correctional Complex. The pilot for the web television series The Man in the High Castle features a scene filmed at the Lewis Street Bridge on State Route 203. The city is home to
11088-408: The 1990s and early 2000s. The inmate population at the Monroe Correctional Complex has been included in census statistics since 1996. Over 65 percent of homes in Monroe are single-family detached structures , while over 15 percent are multi-family residential units. As of the 2010 census , there were 17,304 people, 5,024 households, and 3,600 families residing in the city. The population density
11264-453: The 40-acre (16 ha) homestead of Jack Stretch, who platted a settlement on the north side of the tracks that he named "Tye City" for Great Northern's locating engineer George Tye. Great Northern completed their railroad through the Skykomish Valley in January 1893, following additional work near Snohomish to rebuild a bridge that had been destroyed in a flood. In late 1892 and early 1893, several merchants in Park Place moved their buildings to
11440-422: The Atlantic Ocean on a scheduled liner voyage before she was converted to diesels in 1986. The last major passenger ship built with steam turbines was the Fairsky , launched in 1984, later Atlantic Star , reportedly sold to Turkish shipbreakers in 2013. Most luxury yachts at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries were steam driven (see luxury yacht ; also Cox & King yachts ). Thomas Assheton Smith
11616-422: The Atlantic, around the southern tip of Africa, and across the Indian Ocean . Before 1866, no steamship could carry enough coal to make this voyage and have enough space left to carry a commercial cargo. A partial solution to this problem was adopted by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O), using an overland section between Alexandria and Suez , with connecting steamship routes along
11792-404: The Bristol-New York route. The idea of regular scheduled transatlantic service was under discussion by several groups and the rival British and American Steam Navigation Company was established at the same time. Great Western's design sparked controversy from critics that contended that she was too big. The principle that Brunel understood was that the carrying capacity of a hull increases as
11968-506: The Cascade Mountains and includes Skykomish , part of Snoqualmie , and all of Chelan County except for Wenatchee . Monroe was previously part of the 39th legislative district until it was moved into the cross-mountain district as part of a redistricting compromise in 2022. The city lies within the Snohomish County Council 's 5th district, which includes the Skykomish Valley, Snohomish, and Lake Stevens . The Washington State Department of Corrections operates several prison facilities in
12144-445: The Great Depression and World War II , Monroe's economy became more reliant on agriculture and smaller industries. A frozen food processing facility was located in Monroe until 1958 and was later replaced with a seafood processor. By 1949, the local government had twice rejected proposals to become a third-class city because of the increased operating costs needed; it also lacked a full-time fire department. The Valley General Hospital
12320-415: The Liverpool to New York route. RMS Titanic was the largest steamship in the world when she sank in 1912; a subsequent major sinking of a steamer was that of the RMS Lusitania , as an act of World War I . Launched in 1938, RMS Queen Elizabeth was the largest passenger steamship ever built. Launched in 1969, Queen Elizabeth 2 (QE2) was the last passenger steamship to cross
12496-485: The Monroe School District, the Cadman quarry, the Evergreen State Fair , EvergreenHealth Monroe, and large retailers. The city also has a large industrial park in the Fryelands area that was established in the 1990s and was fully developed by 2008, providing 24 percent of jobs in the city and 2.2 million square feet (200,000 m) of space. The largest non-industrial job sectors include professional services, government, and retail, particularly big-box stores along
12672-496: The Snohomish River later proposed to be moved into Skagit County due to difficult travel to the county seat at Snohomish. After the incorporation of the city of Everett in 1893, the city's leaders attempted to move the county seat from Snohomish. A countywide general election on November 6, 1894, chose to relocate the county seat to Everett, amid controversy and allegations of illegal votes. After two years of litigation between
12848-559: The Tualco Valley. The townsite was previously a trading post used by the indigenous Skykomish people . Park Place was renamed to Monroe in 1890 to honor U.S. President James Monroe , and was moved northeast to be near the tracks of the Great Northern Railway , which was constructed in 1892. Monroe was incorporated in 1902 and was selected as the home of a major condensed milk plant and the state reformatory . Monroe became
13024-528: The U.S. Route 2 corridor. Monroe is the ninth largest city in Snohomish County by population, with an estimated 20,209 residents in 2021. It has a large Hispanic and Latino population that trends higher than the rest of the county. The city's population grew rapidly in the years after it incorporated in 1902, but leveled off under 2,000 until the 1970s. Suburban development following the completion of State Route 522 and expansion of U.S. Route 2 caused large increases in Monroe's population, peaking in
13200-407: The age of 18 living with them, 52.4% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.1% were non-families, and 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.12. The median age was 37.1 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 66,300 and the median income for
13376-427: The age of 18 living with them, 54.0% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.3% were non-families. 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.41. The median age in
13552-407: The age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.8% were non-families. 22.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.13. In the county, 27.4% of the population was under
13728-427: The age of 18 living with them, 57.8% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.26. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 27.4% under
13904-461: The age of 18, 8.5% was from 18 to 24, 33.0% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 53,060, and the median income for a family was $ 60,726. Males had a median income of $ 43,293 versus $ 31,386 for females. The per capita income for
14080-461: The age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 41.4% from 25 to 44, 14.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 126.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 137.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 50,390, and the median income for a family was $ 55,793. Males had a median income of $ 39,847 versus $ 31,633 for females. The per capita income for
14256-494: The annual Evergreen State Fair , a county fair which takes place in late August and early September at a fairground located northwest of downtown Monroe. It is the second largest fair in Washington state, behind the Puyallup Fair , and attracts approximately 350,000 over its twelve-day run. The city also has an annual parade during the opening weekend of the fair in late August. The 200-acre (81 ha) fairgrounds are owned by
14432-413: The arrival of the hop aphid and economic panic of the 1890s ruined the harvest. The original Park Place post office and general store were abandoned and replaced by a new building that opened in 1890. John Vanasdlen, operator of new store, petitioned for the reopening of the post office but was rejected by the U.S. Post Office Department , which only allowed a single-word name for new offices. "Monroe"
14608-412: The businesses and buildings were rebuilt and within two years a permanent fire department was established. Monroe was incorporated as a fourth-class town on December 20, 1902, following an 88–37 vote in favor. At the time of incorporation, the area around Monroe had over 900 residents, five general stores, eight saloons, six restaurants, four sawmills, and five shingle mills. A new town hall building
14784-514: The cities of Snohomish and Everett, the county seat was officially relocated to Everett in December 1896. One of the first county censuses was taken in 1862 by Sheriff Salem A. Woods. Early important pioneers in the Snohomish County region included E. F. Cady of Snohomish, Emory C. Ferguson of Snohomish and Isaac Cathcart . The early economy of Snohomish County relied on natural resources, namely timber and mining, alongside agriculture. The region
14960-508: The city and annexed by the end of the decade. A new state prison, the Twin Rivers Corrections Center , was opened in 1984 and brought new jobs to the area despite opposition from residents. The former Frye lettuce farm in western Monroe was sold in the late 1980s to an Eastside-based real estate developer , which proposed the "Fryelands" residential and industrial neighborhood. The Fryelands industrial park, once proposed for
15136-541: The city was $ 18,912. About 5.6% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 9.2% of those under age 18 and 14.7% of those age 65 or over. Monroe is a non-charter code city with a mayor–council government . The seven-member city council typically meets once a week at the city hall , built in 1977 and located at a civic center campus southwest of downtown. The city councilmembers and mayor serve four-year terms that are staggered and filled in elections held during odd-numbered years. Six of
15312-400: The city was 33.1 years. 26.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 36.1% were from 25 to 44; 21.2% were from 45 to 64; and 7.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 56.3% male and 43.7% female. As of the 2000 census , there were 13,795 people, 4,173 households, and 3,058 families residing in the city. The population density
15488-464: The city's main street. More recent development in Monroe has been concentrated in the northern hills, which were annexed into the city in the 2000s. Monroe is located in south-central Snohomish County near the confluence of the Skykomish and Snoqualmie rivers, which form the Snohomish River . The area is in the western foothills of the Cascade Range and is bisected by U.S. Route 2 ,
15664-583: The city, which have been consolidated into the Monroe Correctional Complex since 1998. It is the largest prison in the state, with capacity for 2,500 inmates and detainees, and is divided into five units across a 365-acre (148 ha) campus that is staffed by 1,185 workers. The Washington State Reformatory opened in 1908 and expanded with a unit for mentally-ill prisoners in 1981 and the 500-bed Twin Rivers medium-custody facility in 1984. The 467-inmate minimum-security unit opened in 1997 and an intensive management unit
15840-426: The commercial market has declined dramatically due to the development of more efficient diesel engines . One notable exception are LNG carriers which use boil-off gas from the cargo tanks as fuel. However, even there the development of dual-fuel engines has pushed steam turbines into a niche market with about 10% market share in newbuildings in 2013. Lately, there has been some development in hybrid power plants where
16016-436: The competing problems of heat transfer and sufficient strength to deal with the boiler pressure. Aberdeen was a marked success, achieving in trials, at 1,800 indicated horsepower , a fuel consumption of 1.28 pounds (0.58 kg) of coal per indicated horsepower. This was a reduction in fuel consumption of about 60%, compared to a typical steamer built ten years earlier. In service, this translated into less than 40 tons of coal
16192-410: The councilmembers are from districts, while the seventh is elected at-large ; prior to 2017, the at-large seat was elected to a two-year term. The current mayor is Geoffrey Thomas, a former councilmember and city planner who was elected in 2013 and re-elected in 2017. The city government has 113 employees and an annual budget of $ 27.1 million in 2017, overseen by a city administrator appointed by
16368-767: The county government and also host other events year-round. The fairgrounds also include the Evergreen Speedway , a racetrack that hosted the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series from 1995 to 2000. The Summer Meltdown music festival relocated from Darrington to a property south of Monroe in 2022 following a two-year pause due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The festival drew approximately 4,000 attendees; it did not return for 2023. The annual Washington Midsummer Renaissance Faire moved from Bonney Lake to Sky Meadows Park near Monroe in 2023. The Snohomish County Explosion ,
16544-457: The county include KKXA , KRKO , KSER , and KWYZ . There are also smaller local publications, with significant online presences: My Edmonds News , My Everett News , The Mountlake Terrace News , News of Mill Creek , Mill Creek View, Lynnwood Today and Lynnwood Times. The county has been used as a filming location for several movies and television series since the mid-20th century. Snohomish County has five major routes that connect
16720-418: The county seat at the time. The new county was the first in Washington to have its boundaries defined by a land survey rather than natural boundaries. The territorial legislature designated Mukilteo , the area's largest settlement, as the temporary county seat in January 1861. The county government was permanently moved to Cadyville, later Snohomish , following an election on July 8. Residents north of
16896-529: The county to the other counties and other areas. There are three major north–south routes: Interstate 5 , State Route 9 , and State Route 99 . The only complete east–west route is U.S. Route 2 . The countywide numbered street grid originates in Everett and was implemented beginning in the 1970s during the rollout of the 911 emergency phone number system. By the late 1990s, some roads had reverted to their historical names—either officially or by using commemorative signs—due to local backlash. Snohomish County
17072-631: The county was $ 23,417. About 4.9% of families and 6.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 7.6% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over. Snohomish County is a home rule charter county with three branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial. The county government's powers and structure is defined by a charter that is updated every 10 years with amendments that are presented to voters for approval. The county executive and council seats are partisan positions with four-year terms; other positions elected by voters are generally non-partisan . Most county offices have
17248-571: The county was 66.1% white, 12.3% Asian, 3.54% black or African American, 1.3% Native American, 0.6% Pacific Islander, 5.4% other races, and 10.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 11.6% of the population. As of the 2010 census , there were 713,335 people, 268,325 households, and 182,282 families residing in the county. The population density was 341.8 people per square mile (132.0 people/km ). There were 286,659 housing units at an average density of 137.3 units per square mile (53.0 units/km ). The racial makeup of
17424-427: The county was 78.4% white, 8.9% Asian, 2.5% black or African American, 1.4% Indigenous, 0.4% Pacific islander, 3.8% from other races, and 4.6% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 9.0% of the population. In terms of ethnicity, 20.3% reported German ancestry, 12.6% Irish , 12.2% English , 8.2% Norwegian , and 3.6% American heritage. Of the 268,325 households, 35.2% had children under
17600-486: The cube of its dimensions, while water resistance only increases as the square of its dimensions. This meant that large ships were more fuel efficient, something very important for long voyages across the Atlantic. Great Western was an iron-strapped, wooden, side-wheel paddle steamer, with four masts to hoist the auxiliary sails. The sails were not just to provide auxiliary propulsion, but also were used in rough seas to keep
17776-444: The early 1850s. This was superseded at the beginning of the 20th century by floating pad bearing which automatically built up wedges of oil which could withstand bearing pressures of 500 psi or more. Steam-powered ships were named with a prefix designating their propeller configuration i.e. single, twin, triple-screw. Single-screw Steamship SS , Twin-Screw Steamship TSS , Triple-Screw Steamship TrSS . Steam turbine-driven ships had
17952-612: The east. The Cascade Range passes through the eastern part of the county and is largely protected from development as part of the Mount Baker–Snoqualmie National Forest . The mountain range includes the highest point in Snohomish County: Glacier Peak , at 10,541 feet (3,212.90 m) above sea level . Several major rivers originate in the Cascades and flow west towards Puget Sound and other parts of
18128-421: The ecosystem of local rivers that was installed on a building in downtown Monroe in 2004. The arts council renovated an elementary school auditorium into the city's performing arts center in the 2010s after a plan to build a dedicated facility was shelved. Part of the 1981 drama biographic film Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy was filmed in Monroe. The Emerald Glen Farm was used for several productions, including
18304-513: The education and health care sector (19%), followed by manufacturing (15%), retail (13%), and professional fields (12%). The city of Monroe has 9,466 jobs, primarily employing residents from within the city and in smaller communities to the east. The city's largest employer is the Washington State Department of Corrections , which operates the Monroe Correctional Complex and provides more than 1,100 jobs. Other large employers include
18480-428: The federal level, Monroe is part of the 8th congressional district , which encompasses the eastern portions of the Snohomish, King , and Pierce counties as well as the entirety of Chelan and Kittitas counties. It was part of the 1st congressional district until 2022, when the 8th district was extended into Snohomish County. At the state level, the city is part of the 12th legislative district , which also crosses
18656-411: The first screw propeller to an engine at his Birmingham works, an early steam engine , beginning the use of a hydrodynamic screw for propulsion. The development of screw propulsion relied on the following technological innovations. Steam engines had to be designed with the power delivered at the bottom of the machinery, to give direct drive to the propeller shaft . A paddle steamer's engines drive
18832-425: The hull as waves pass beneath it—becomes too great. Iron hulls are far less subject to hogging, so that the potential size of an iron-hulled ship is much greater. In the spring of 1840 Brunel also had the opportunity to inspect SS Archimedes , the first screw-propelled steamship, completed only a few months before by F. P. Smith's Propeller Steamship Company. Brunel had been looking into methods of improving
19008-429: The hull structure. It should provide an unrestricted delivery of power by the propeller shaft. The combination of hull and stern tube must avoid any flexing that will bend the shaft or cause uneven wear. The inboard end has a stuffing box that prevents water from entering the hull along the tube. Some early stern tubes were made of brass and operated as a water lubricated bearing along the entire length. In other instances
19184-512: The indigenous Snohomish people . It includes the Tulalip Indian Reservation , which was established by the 1855 Point Elliott Treaty , which relocated several indigenous Coast Salish groups to the reservation. The county seat was originally at the city of Snohomish until an 1897 election moved it to Everett. Since the mid-20th century, areas of Snohomish County have developed into an aerospace manufacturing center, largely due to
19360-451: The land around modern-day Monroe. He was followed by Henry McClurg, an appointed county commissioner , who settled in the area with his wife Martha in 1860. McClurg later founded the settlement of Park Place in 1864, on a site one mile (1.6 km) west of modern-day downtown Monroe. Two other settlers arrived in 1860: Salem Woods, who claimed a small prairie to the northeast of Tualco and was later elected county sheriff; and Charles Harriman,
19536-472: The largest farms in the area was a 2,000-acre (810 ha) lettuce farm and meat-packing plant owned by Charles Frye , later the benefactor of the Frye Art Museum in Seattle. During the 1920s, several of the larger industrial employers in Monroe expanded their operations and attracted new businesses to the area, including an early radio station . The county government opened a new 100-bed hospital on
19712-470: The last hereditary tribal chief of the Snohomish tribe, claimed that it meant "lowland people", a name associated with the tribe's location on the waters of the Puget Sound ; other scholars have claimed "a style of union among them", "the braves", or "Sleeping Waters". The name is also used for the Snohomish River , which runs through part of the county, and the City of Snohomish , the former county seat that
19888-461: The late 18th century, beginning with Captain George Vancouver and his British expedition. Vancouver arrived in Puget Sound and Port Gardner Bay on June 4, 1792, landing near present-day Everett . The Treaty of Point Elliott was signed at present-day Mukilteo on January 22, 1855, marking the cession of Coast Salish territories in the Puget Sound lowlands. The Tulalip Indian Reservation
20064-540: The mayor and city council. The government provides municipal services through its departments, which include community development, economic development, emergency services , a municipal court , parks and recreation, permitting , public works , and utilities . The city has a police department with 32 officers and 10 civilian workers. Other services, including the fire district (based in Monroe) and public library , are contracted out to regional authorities and agencies. At
20240-529: The name of the largest Native American tribe in the area when settlers arrived in the 19th century. The name is spelled Sduhubš (Sdoh-doh-hohbsh) in the Lushootseed language and has a disputed meaning with unclear origins. Indian agent Dr. Charles M. Buchanan, who spent 21 years with the Tulalips , once said that he had "never met an Indian who could give a meaning to the word Snohomish". Chief William Shelton ,
20416-402: The needs of the human migration to the United States and Australia. RMS Umbria and her sister ship RMS Etruria were the last two Cunard liners of the period to be fitted with auxiliary sails. Both ships were built by John Elder & Co. of Glasgow, Scotland, in 1884. They were record breakers by the standards of the time, and were the largest liners then in service, plying
20592-573: The newly formed Blue Funnel Line . His competitors rapidly copied his ideas for their own new ships. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 gave a distance saving of about 3,250 nautical miles (6,020 km; 3,740 mi) on the route from China to London. The canal was not a practical option for sailing vessels, as using a tug was difficult and expensive – so this distance saving was not available to them. Steamships immediately made use of this new waterway and found themselves in high demand in China for
20768-417: The next county executive was Democrat Bob Drewel from 1992 to 2004, followed by Democrat Aaron Reardon from 2004 to 2013. Reardon resigned on May 31, 2013, amid a series of political scandals , and was replaced by former Snohomish County Sheriff and state legislator John Lovick for the remainder of his term. The county council has five members who are elected to four-year terms, each representing
20944-491: The north side of the city limits. The city had annexed 1,367 acres (553 ha) of the urban growth area between 1993 and 2011. The city lies at the eastern end of the Snohomish River floodplain , with elevations that range from 40 to 210 feet (12 to 64 m). The south and east edges of the city along the Skykomish River are within a 100-year flood hazard zone and also include habitats for migratory birds and game animals . The residential neighborhoods of Monroe lie within
21120-744: The onset of the Great Depression in 1929, several lettuce farms in the Monroe area had folded and been acquired by the Frye Company, which provided employment through the decade for 1,000 residents. The farm was foreclosed in the late 1930s by a subsidiary of Great Northern after lettuce prices had declined. Service organizations in the town ran charity assistance programs for unemployed residents and their families, raising money from large employers to fund food and clothing donations. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) began civic improvement projects around Monroe in 1933, including repairs to damage caused by
21296-419: The operating costs of steamships were still too high in certain trades, so sail was the only commercial option in many situations. The compound engine, where steam was expanded twice in two separate cylinders, still had inefficiencies. The solution was the triple expansion engine, in which steam was successively expanded in a high pressure, intermediate pressure and a low pressure cylinder. The theory of this
21472-425: The original franchised company to operate Monroe's water. The town government proposed to acquire the system through a buyout, but their offers were rejected. A separate gravity water system was constructed by the town in 1923 that bankrupted the private system. The town government also granted franchises to private companies for electricity and a hospital in 1903. Monroe gained a new road to Snohomish in 1904, which
21648-451: The paddle steamer Beaver , launched in 1836 to service Hudson's Bay Company trading posts between Puget Sound Washington and Alaska . The most testing route for steam was from Britain or the East Coast of the U.S. to the Far East . The distance from either is roughly the same, between 14,000 to 15,000 nautical miles (26,000 to 28,000 km; 16,000 to 17,000 mi), traveling down
21824-453: The performance of Great Britain ' s paddlewheels, and took an immediate interest in the new technology, and Smith, sensing a prestigious new customer for his own company, agreed to lend Archimedes to Brunel for extended tests. Over several months, Smith and Brunel tested a number of different propellers on Archimedes in order to find the most efficient design, a four-bladed model submitted by Smith. When launched in 1843, Great Britain
22000-566: The poor farm complex in 1925 at a cost of $ 92,000 (equivalent to $ 1.27 million in 2023 dollars) to provide services to local residents. By the end of the decade, the town had gained new churches, a new masonic hall , a larger condensery plant, and a movie theater . A greenhouse operated by the Great Northern Railway was established in 1926 to supply passengers and decorate trains with fresh flowers. The complex later expanded to include ten greenhouses, but were demolished in 1962. At
22176-401: The population of the city doubled to over 13,000. The increased residential development in Monroe caused worsened congestion on State Route 522, which was named one of the most dangerous highways in the United States. The state government began a widening and safety improvement program in 1995 that has continued since then, gradually building four-lane sections for the highway and upgrading
22352-773: The port of Savannah, Georgia , US, on 22 May 1819, arriving in Liverpool , England, on 20 June 1819; her steam engine having been in use for part of the time on 18 days (estimates vary from 8 to 80 hours). A claimant to the title of the first ship to make the transatlantic trip substantially under steam power is the British-built Dutch-owned Curaçao , a wooden 438-ton vessel built in Dover and powered by two 50 hp engines, which crossed from Hellevoetsluis , near Rotterdam on 26 April 1827 to Paramaribo , Surinam on 24 May, spending 11 days under steam on
22528-561: The prefix TS . In the UK the prefix RMS for Royal Mail Steamship overruled the screw configuration prefix. The first steamship credited with crossing the Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe was the American ship SS Savannah , though she was actually a hybrid between a steamship and a sailing ship, with the first half of the journey making use of the steam engine. Savannah left
22704-488: The presence of Boeing in Everett, as well as bedroom communities for workers in Seattle . Snohomish County now has 18 incorporated cities and 2 towns with their own local governments, in addition to developed unincorporated areas . It is connected to nearby areas by roads (including Interstate 5 ), railways, and transit systems. The county government is led by a five-member county council and chief executive elected by voters to four-year terms. "Snohomish" comes from
22880-583: The regional Centennial Trail . The area is served by The Everett Herald and The Seattle Times , the daily newspapers in the northern Puget Sound region . The Monroe Monitor and Valley News was a local weekly newspaper published in Monroe by the Pacific Publishing Company . It was founded in 1899 as the Monitor and later acquired two other newspapers operating in the Skykomish Valley:
23056-602: The remaining two-lane sections. During the 1990s and 2000s, several large strip malls and big-box stores were built along U.S. Route 2 north of downtown. The North Kelsey development in the early 2010s brought a controversial Walmart to Monroe, which was challenged by neighborhood activists for violating the city's plans for a pedestrian-friendly retail neighborhood. Since 2000, the Downtown Revitalization and Enhancement Association of Monroe (DREAM) has sponsored revitalization projects in downtown Monroe to preserve
23232-463: The rest commute to other cities for work. The most common locations for jobs employing Monroe residents are in Seattle (15%), Everett (9%), Redmond (9%), Bellevue (8%), and Kirkland (4%). The average one-way commute for the city's workers was approximately 30.8 minutes in 2015; 75 percent of commuters drove alone to their workplace, while 14 percent carpooled and 3 percent used public transit . The most common occupations for Monroe residents are in
23408-526: The revolutionary SS Great Britain , also built by Brunel, became the first iron-hulled screw-driven ship to cross the Atlantic. SS Great Britain was the first ship to combine these two innovations. After the initial success of its first liner, SS Great Western of 1838, the Great Western Steamship Company assembled the same engineering team that had collaborated so successfully before. This time however, Brunel, whose reputation
23584-478: The shaft, a thrust bearing is needed to transfer that load to the hull without excessive friction. SS Great Britain had a 2 ft diameter gunmetal plate on the forward end of the shaft which bore against a steel plate attached to the engine beds. Water at 200 psi was injected between these two surfaces to lubricate and separate them. This arrangement was not sufficient for higher engine powers and oil lubricated "collar" thrust bearings became standard from
23760-527: The ship on an even keel and ensure that both paddle wheels remained in the water, driving the ship in a straight line. The hull was built of oak by traditional methods. She was the largest steamship for one year, until the British and American's British Queen went into service. Built at the shipyard of Patterson & Mercer in Bristol, Great Western was launched on 19 July 1837 and then sailed to London, where she
23936-409: The south side of Tye City using teams of oxen, horses, and a steam thresher . After the relocation of Vanasdlen's general store and post office, the settlement became known as Monroe. The completion of the railroad attracted lumber operations to the Monroe area, boosted by the opening of the first shingle mill in 1894 and the first sawmill on Woods Creek in 1897. A bridge across the Skykomish River
24112-405: The start of regular steamship service on the river as far east as Sultan . The first roads in the area were surveyed in 1882, including an 11-mile (18 km) wagon road connecting Park Place to Snohomish in the west. During the 1880s, settlers in Park Place and Tualco received their first shipment of dairy cattle and also began planting hops , which would briefly become a cash crop until
24288-511: The start of the 1870 tea season. The steamships were able to obtain a much higher rate of freight than sailing ships and the insurance premium for the cargo was less. So successful were the steamers using the Suez Canal that, in 1871, 45 were built in Clyde shipyards alone for Far Eastern trade. Throughout the 1870s, compound-engined steamships and sailing vessels coexisted in an economic equilibrium:
24464-603: The time. Her boilers ran at 26 pounds per square inch (180 kPa) but relied on a substantial amount of superheat . Alfred Holt , who had entered marine engineering and ship management after an apprenticeship in railway engineering, experimented with boiler pressures of 60 pounds per square inch (410 kPa) in Cleator . Holt was able to persuade the Board of Trade to allow these boiler pressures and, in partnership with his brother Phillip launched Agamemnon in 1865. Holt had designed
24640-404: The voyage was actually made under sail. The first ship to make the transatlantic trip substantially under steam power may have been the British-built Dutch-owned Curaçao , a wooden 438-ton vessel built in Dover and powered by two 50 hp engines, which crossed from Hellevoetsluis , near Rotterdam on 26 April 1827 to Paramaribo , Surinam on 24 May, spending 11 days under steam on
24816-474: The way out and more on the return. Another claimant is the Canadian ship SS Royal William in 1833. The British side-wheel paddle steamer SS Great Western was the first steamship purpose-built for regularly scheduled trans-Atlantic crossings, starting in 1838. In 1836 Isambard Kingdom Brunel and a group of Bristol investors formed the Great Western Steamship Company to build a line of steamships for
24992-499: The way out and more on the return. Another claimant is the Canadian ship SS Royal William in 1833. The first steamship purpose-built for regularly scheduled trans-Atlantic crossings was the British side-wheel paddle steamer SS Great Western built by Isambard Kingdom Brunel in 1838, which inaugurated the era of the trans-Atlantic ocean liner . SS Archimedes , built in Britain in 1839 by Francis Pettit Smith ,
25168-505: The way up to a Master's in Business along with other Associate and bachelor's degrees. Everett Community College and Edmonds College provide academic transfer degrees, career training and basic education in Snohomish County. Together, the two serve more than 40,000 people annually. About 40 percent of all high school graduates in Snohomish County begin their college education at Edmonds or Everett community college . Everett Community College
25344-473: The west to 180 inches (460 cm) in the upper elevations of the Cascades; the majority of the region's precipitation falls between October and March. The county's lowlands also has an average annual snowfall ranging from 10 to 20 inches (25 to 51 cm). The Puget Sound Convergence Zone , a known meteorological phenomenon, runs through southwestern Snohomish County and causes narrow bands of precipitation. Approximately 68 percent of land in Snohomish County
25520-427: Was platted in 1890 and gained several new businesses, including a blacksmith , grocery store , a second hotel , and a butcher . The final survey for Great Northern in 1891 placed the railroad tracks one mile (1.6 km) northeast of Park Place, bypassing the settlement in favor of a straighter alignment to cross the Snohomish River south of downtown Snohomish. The railroad built a small depot named "Wales" on
25696-509: Was 2,388.4 people per square mile (921.5/km). There were 4,427 housing units at an average density of 766.5 per square mile (295.7/km). The racial makeup of the city was 86.1% White, 3.2% African American, 1.3% Native American, 2.4% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 4.0% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.7% of the population. 21.0% were of German, 10.1% English and 9.3% Irish ancestry. There were 4,173 households, out of which 45.7% had children under
25872-454: Was 2,860.2 inhabitants per square mile (1,104.3/km). There were 5,306 housing units at an average density of 877.0 per square mile (338.6/km). The racial makeup of the city was 78.6% White, 3.5% African American, 1.4% Native American, 2.8% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 9.6% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.1% of the population. There were 5,024 households, of which 46.6% had children under
26048-621: Was 290 people per square mile (110 people/km ). There were 236,205 housing units at an average density of 113 units per square mile (44 units/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 85.6% White , 1.7% Black or African American , 1.4% Native American , 5.8% Asian , 0.3% Pacific Islander , 1.9% from other races , and 3.4% from two or more races. 4.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.2% were of German , 10.0% English , 8.8% Irish , 8.4% Norwegian and 6.6% United States or American ancestry. There were 224,852 households, out of which 37.3% had children under
26224-509: Was accepted by the U.S. government for several years. Snohomish County was originally inhabited by several Coast Salish groups, predominantly settled along the western coastline and near the region's rivers. The Snohomish were the largest group and occupied an area from present-day Warm Beach to Shoreline , while Stillaguamish lived in the Stillaguamish River basin. The region was first charted and named by European explorers in
26400-554: Was an English aristocrat who forwarded the design of the steam yacht in conjunction with the Scottish marine engineer Robert Napier . By World War II , steamers still constituted 73% of world's tonnage, and similar percentage remained in early 1950s. The decline of the steamship began soon thereafter. Many had been lost in the war, and marine diesel engines had finally matured as an economical and viable alternative to steam power. The diesel engine had far better thermal efficiency than
26576-466: Was at its height, came to assert overall control over design of the ship—a state of affairs that would have far-reaching consequences for the company. Construction was carried out in a specially adapted dry dock in Bristol , England. Brunel was given a chance to inspect John Laird 's 213-foot (65 m) (English) channel packet ship Rainbow —the largest iron- hulled ship then in service—in 1838, and
26752-479: Was by far the largest vessel afloat. Brunel's last major project, SS Great Eastern , was built in 1854–1857 with the intent of linking Great Britain with India, via the Cape of Good Hope , without any coaling stops. This ship was arguably more revolutionary than her predecessors. She was one of the first ships to be built with a double hull with watertight compartments and was the first liner to have four funnels. She
26928-426: Was chosen by Vanasdlen, with the input of McClurg, to honor of U.S. President James Monroe . The new post office for Monroe was granted by the U.S. Post Office Department on March 19, 1890. The Great Northern Railway chose a route over Stevens Pass in the late 1880s for its transcontinental railroad connecting Seattle to St. Paul, Minnesota , bringing new development to the Skykomish Valley. Monroe at Park Place
27104-437: Was completed in November 1908, costing $ 7,000 (equivalent to $ 167,000 in 2023 dollars) and paid for using a saloon license tax; the building now serves as the home of a local history museum . The new town government granted a municipal water franchise to a private company in 1903, sparking a conflict with local water companies . A competing water company unsuccessfully sued the town for franchise rights, but later acquired
27280-401: Was completed later that year at a cost of $ 1.5 million (equivalent to $ 35 million in 2023 dollars). The Pacific Coast Condensed Milk Company opened a milk condensery in Monroe on August 29, 1908, serving 2,000 visitors on "Condenser Day". The plant was the largest producer of Carnation brand condensed milk and brought the city's population to 2,500 within two years of opening. Within
27456-481: Was connected by railroads at the end of the 19th century, which also created new towns that experienced major population booms as emigrants arrived from other parts of the United States. The county was among the largest New Deal aid beneficiaries in Washington due to its troubled economy during the Great Depression ; the Works Progress Administration built major projects around Snohomish County, while
27632-531: Was consolidated into the Burlington Northern Railroad in 1970, and the Monroe train depot was demolished in October of that year. State Route 522 , a new state highway connecting Monroe to Bothell , was opened to traffic on February 10, 1965. The easier car access made Monroe into a bedroom community for Everett, Seattle, and the Eastside region, with new suburban subdivisions being built around
27808-413: Was established in 1961 to replace the county-run general hospital on the poor farm complex. A major earthquake struck the Puget Sound region on April 29, 1965, causing severe damage to the original Monroe High School and its annex. The high school campus was demolished and replaced by a new building that opened in October 1968 and served the city until the modern campus was built in 1999. Great Northern
27984-402: Was established in the 1850s by John Elder , but it was clear that triple expansion engines needed steam at, by the standards of the day, very high pressures. The existing boiler technology could not deliver this. Wrought iron could not provide the strength for the higher pressures. Steel became available in larger quantities in the 1870s, but the quality was variable. The overall design of boilers
28160-415: Was established to house the remaining tribes, including the Snohomish, Snoqualmie, and Skykomish. Snohomish County was created out of Island County 's mainland areas and the northernmost portion of King County on January 14, 1861. The separation from Island County was the result of a petition by settlers to the territorial legislature that cited the difficulty of travel to Coupeville on Whidbey Island ,
28336-452: Was fitted with two side-lever steam engines from the firm of Maudslay, Sons & Field , producing 750 indicated horsepower between them. The ship proved satisfactory in service and initiated the transatlantic route, acting as a model for all following Atlantic paddle-steamers. The Cunard Line 's RMS Britannia began her first regular passenger and cargo service by a steamship in 1840, sailing from Liverpool to Boston. In 1845
28512-526: Was followed a year later by a new bridge over the Skykomish River on Lewis Street (now State Route 203 ). The state government chose Monroe as the site of the state's second reformatory in 1907, ahead of competing bids from Arlington and Sultan. The first inmate at the facility's temporary buildings in August 1908; construction of a permanent building, now part of the Monroe Correctional Complex , began in May 1910 and
28688-557: Was improved in the early 1860s, with the Scotch-type boilers – but at that date these still ran at the lower pressures that were then current. The first ship fitted with triple expansion engines was Propontis (launched in 1874). She was fitted with boilers that operated at 150 pounds per square inch (1,000 kPa) – but these had technical problems and had to be replaced with ones that ran at 90 pounds per square inch (620 kPa). This substantially degraded performance. There were
28864-405: Was laid down) and was soon followed by all subsequent liners. Most larger warships of the world's navies were propelled by steam turbines burning bunker fuel in both World Wars, apart from obsolete ships with reciprocating machines from the turn of the century, and rare cases of usage of diesel engines in larger warships. Steam turbines burning fuel remained in warship construction until the end of
29040-486: Was mastered at this level, steam engines were mounted on larger, and eventually, ocean-going vessels. Becoming reliable, and propelled by screw rather than paddlewheels, the technology changed the design of ships for faster, more economic propulsion. Paddlewheels as the main motive source became standard on these early vessels. It was an effective means of propulsion under ideal conditions but otherwise had serious drawbacks. The paddle-wheel performed best when it operated at
29216-544: Was opened in 1894 to replace the ferry and the town's first church was established two years later. The county government chose a 40-acre (16 ha) site north of Monroe for a 20-bed poor farm at the modern-day site of the Evergreen State Fairgrounds ; it later became the Valley General Hospital . A cooperative of Monroe-area farmers built the city's first creamery in 1895, which was destroyed in
29392-445: Was opened in 2007 to house 144 inmates at higher security levels. The state legislature's proposal to close the complex in 2009 due to its high costs was withdrawn and replaced with cuts to capacity at other facilities. A non-profit arts council for Monroe was founded in 2003 and sponsors art projects and events in the city using small government grants. The arts council sponsored the creation of an 80-foot (24 m) mural depicting
29568-535: Was opened on September 1, 1911. A new train depot was constructed by the Great Northern Railway in 1909 to serve the mainline as well as a branch line traversing the Snoqualmie Valley that was opened two years later by the Milwaukee Road . The local timber industry declined and was replaced by a larger reliance on agriculture, namely dairy, vegetable, and berry farms on the logged-off lands around Monroe. One of
29744-619: Was previously located in Gold Bar but moved to the Monroe area in 2003. Monroe has 14 parks with a total area of 207 acres (84 ha), of which 62.6 acres (25.3 ha) is designated as usable space. The city government's parks and recreation department maintains the parks and organizes recreational events for residents alongside private organizations like the YMCA . Monroe also has 14 miles (23 km) of multi-use pedestrian and bicycle trails that connect neighborhoods and parks. The city's largest park
29920-680: Was renamed after the formation of the county. The current spelling of the name was adopted by the Surveyor General of Washington Territory in 1857, with earlier documents and accounts using alternative spellings. John Work of the Hudson's Bay Company recorded the name "Sinnahmis" in 1824, while the Wilkes Expedition of 1841 used "Tuxpam" to describe the Snohomish River . The same river was named "Sinahomis" by Captain Henry Kellett in 1847, and
30096-416: Was soon converted to iron-hulled technology. He scrapped his plans to build a wooden ship and persuaded the company directors to build an iron-hulled ship. Iron's advantages included being much cheaper than wood, not being subject to dry rot or woodworm , and its much greater structural strength. The practical limit on the length of a wooden-hulled ship is about 300 feet, after which hogging —the flexing of
30272-693: Was the 116-ton Aaron Manby , built in 1821 by Aaron Manby at the Horseley Ironworks , and became the first iron-built vessel to put to sea when she crossed the English Channel in 1822, arriving in Paris on 22 June. She carried passengers and freight to Paris in 1822 at an average speed of 8 knots (9 mph, 14 km/h). The American ship SS Savannah first crossed the Atlantic Ocean arriving in Liverpool, England, on June 20, 1819, although most of
30448-456: Was the biggest liner throughout the rest of the 19th century with a gross tonnage of almost 20,000 tons and had a passenger-carrying capacity of thousands. The ship was ahead of her time and went through a turbulent history, never being put to her intended use. The first transatlantic steamer built of steel was SS Buenos Ayrean , built by Allan Line Royal Mail Steamers and entering service in 1879. The first regular steamship service from
30624-399: Was the change from the paddle-wheel to the screw-propeller as the mechanism of propulsion. These steamships quickly became more popular, because the propeller's efficiency was consistent regardless of the depth at which it operated. Being smaller in size and mass and being completely submerged, it was also far less prone to damage. James Watt of Scotland is widely given credit for applying
30800-566: Was the world's first screw propeller -driven steamship for open water seagoing. She had considerable influence on ship development, encouraging the adoption of screw propulsion by the Royal Navy , in addition to her influence on commercial vessels. The first screw-driven propeller steamship introduced in America was on a ship built by Thomas Clyde in 1844 and many more ships and routes followed. The key innovation that made ocean-going steamers viable
30976-529: Was used by the S'dodohobc band of the Snohomish people . The land around the confluence was cleared into a prairie and used to cultivate berries, hazelnuts , and other plants. The Skykomish were among the tribes to sign the Treaty of Point Elliott in 1855, effectively ceding their traditional territories, including the Tualco and confluence areas. The area around modern-day Monroe was surveyed by George B. McClellan and
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