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38-428: Monguno is one of the local government areas of Borno State , in northeastern Nigeria. Monguno has a total land area of 1,913 km. Monguno has a population of 109,851 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 612. Typically, the temperature ranges from 59°F to 107°F all year round, with the wet season being hot and muggy and the dry season being windy. Visible particulate matter emitted by vehicles

76-571: A 2015 mass multinational offensive along with infighting within the terrorists between the original Boko Haram group and the Islamic State – West Africa Province breakaway, the group was forced from its strongholds into the Sambisa Forest and some islands in Lake Chad by 2017; however, terrorists continue to be a threat statewide with frequent attacks on both civilian and military targets. As

114-458: A distinct state in 1991. Borno is the second largest in area of the 36 states , only behind Niger State . Despite its size, the state is the eleventh most populous with an estimated population of about 5.86 million as of 2016. Geographically, the state is divided between the semi-desert Sahelian savanna in the north and the West Sudanian savanna in the centre and south with a part of

152-501: A group of LGAs in the state's west was broken off to form the new Yobe State . Years later, in the early 2000s, the state became the epicentre of the Islamist group Boko Haram since it began its insurgency in 2009. From 2012 to 2015, the insurgency escalated dramatically with much of the state falling under the control of the group, which soon became the world's deadliest terror group in 2015 and forced millions from their homes. Following

190-694: A part of the Northern Cameroons within the British Cameroons until 1961, when a referendum led to a merger with Nigeria . Originally, modern-day Borno State was a part of the post-independence Northern Region until 1967 when the region was split and the area became part of the North-Eastern State . After the North-Eastern State was split, Borno State was formed on 3 February 1976 alongside ten other states. Fifteen years after statehood,

228-601: A part of their uprising , which were later rebuilt. Federal Highways are: Two border crossings to Niger across the Komadougou Yobe : Three roads to Cameroon : Other major roads include: Railways: Maiduguri lies at the terminus of the 1067 mm (3ˈ6") Cape Gauge Eastern Line east from Bauchi in Gombe State . Airports: Served by the Maiduguri International Airport . Borno State

266-454: A partially agriculturally-based state, the rural Borno State economy relied heavily on livestock and crops prior to the Boko Haram insurgency while the state capital Maiduguri is a major regional trade and service center. However, after years of the insurgency affecting development and forcing farmers from rural areas in the state, Borno has the thirteenth lowest Human Development Index in

304-452: A section of the park, the Sambisa Forest , was taken over during the Boko Haram insurgency in the early 2010s forcing many fauna to flee; large animals were not seen until 2019 and 2020 when a massive herd of migratory elephants returned to Borno. Borno State has been inhabited for years by various ethnic groups, including the Dghwede , Glavda , Guduf , Laamang , Mafa , and Mandara in

342-545: A stratified topology. The northern part is within the Sahel zone while southern sector has a typical Sudan–Guinea savanna ecology, and includes Acacia - Balanites woodlands separated by dense stands of elephant grass and sorghum . Waters from the Dorma river flood much of the sector in the rainy season, creating flood-plain wetlands that attract waterbirds and other wildlife. The resident black crowned crane ( Balearica pavonina )

380-480: Is August with an average of 118.6 mm while the windiest month is December with an average of 11 km/h. Borno has many higher institutions, these include: Borno State consists of twenty-seven (27) Local Government Areas , grouped into three Senatorial Districts (shown below with their areas and 2006 census population figures): In addition, there are eight Emirate Councils (Borno, Bama, Damboa, Dikwa, Biu, Askira, Gwoza, Shani and Uba Emirates), which advise

418-613: Is a significant threat to public health, particularly in the deepest parts of the lung, where it can exacerbate asthma attacks, bronchitis, and other lung diseases. In early January 2015, residents fled Monguno and the village of Doron-Baga for the internally displaced persons camps in Maiduguri , following the capture of nearby Bama by Boko Haram . Monguno was captured by Boko Haram forces on 26 January 2015. Amnesty International expressed concern that local residents' requests for more troops for protection from Boko Haram had been ignored by

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456-530: Is abundant, but is considered vulnerable. The helmeted guineafowl ( Numida meleagris ) is also abundant. Demoiselle cranes ( Grus virgo ) visit in the winter, as well as large numbers of white storks ( Ciconia ciconia ). A 2007 report estimated that there were about 100 elephants in the sector, which may still migrate to and from the Waza park. The Cameroon and Nigerian park authorities have been cooperating to prevent poaching of wildlife and to raise awareness among

494-564: Is bordered by Yobe to the west for about 421 km, Gombe to the southwest for 93 km, and Adamawa to the south while its eastern border forms part of the national border with Cameroon for about 426 km (265 miles, partly across the Ebedi and Kalia Rivers). Its northern border forms part of the national border with Niger for about 223 km, mostly across the Komadougou-Yobe River, and its northeastern border forms all of

532-457: Is often experienced in the state between the months of December and February. There is a reduction in rainfall from 3,800 mm to below 650 mm in the state, hence it rains in the state between 4 and 5 months annually. The state experiences high relative humidity annually. The hottest period in the state is in the month of May, with an average of 34 C while the month of January is the coldest with an annual average of 23 C. The wettest month

570-492: Is rich with abundant natural resources , which are highly demanded by industries and for commercial purposes. These include: Chad Basin National Park Chad Basin National Park lies within the former Kanem–Bornu Empire , which existed from the 9th century to the end of the 19th century and remains part of present-day Borno and Yobo states . It was established in 1991. Before the 10th century,

608-574: The Army . On 17 February 2015, the military retook Monguno in a coordinated air and ground assault. Boko Haram and ISWAP carried out bombings in June and September 2015 and a massacre in June 2020 . This Borno State , Nigeria location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Borno State Borno State is a state in the North-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria . It

646-553: The Northern Nigeria Protectorate which later merged into British Nigeria before becoming independent as Nigeria in 1960. The German-controlled area (territory along the modern-day border with Cameroon ) formed Deutsch-Bornu as a part of German Kamerun until allied forces invaded and occupied Kamerun during the Kamerun campaign of World War I . After the war, what is now the eastern periphery of Borno State became

684-640: The 1900 Battle of Kousséri . The Adamawa Emirate was also defeated by colonial powers, losing the Adamawa Wars to Germany and the British Empire . Both Rabih's lands (later reconstituted as the Borno Emirate ) and the Adamawa Emirate were then divided among colonial powers with modern-day Borno State being split between Germany and the British Empire . The British-controlled area was incorporated into

722-654: The Empire was established and was one of the most politically well-organised African empires tantamount to the Mali and Songhai empires . The then Borno Empire developed within the Conventional Basin of Lake Chad , where the Chad Basin National Park stands. The park combines the former Chingurmi-Dugoma Game Reserve, Gorgoram and Zurgun Baneri Forest Reserves, and Bulature Oasis. As of 1999 , it had not been surveyed, so

760-506: The beginning of the 20th century. In 1902, the British officially incorporated Borno into the Northern Nigeria Protectorate and in 1907 established a new capital at Maiduguri , which remains the capital to this day. After Nigerian independence in 1960, Borno remained fairly autonomous until the number of states in Nigeria expanded to 12 in 1967. Local government reform in 1976 further reduced

798-492: The boundaries are not well-established. The park is used by many farmers, grazers and fishermen. Despite significant investment in lodgings for tourists, the park sectors only attract a few hundred visitors each year due to the lack of spectacular wildlife. By 2008, staff at the park office in Maiduguri knew little about the park, the lodgings had been abandoned, and tourists visiting the park sectors had to take off-road vehicles and be prepared to camp out. Due to insecurity in

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836-615: The central region; the Afade , Yedina (Buduma) , and Kanembu in the extreme northeast; the Waja in the extreme south; and the Kyibaku , Kamwe , Kilba , and Margi groups in the south while the Kanuri and Shuwa Arabs live throughout the state's north and centre. Religiously, the vast majority of the state's population (~85%) are Muslim with smaller Christian and traditionalist minorities (especially in

874-420: The country but as the insurgency has slightly abated since 2016, development has renewed. As of 2022, much of Borno State has been occupied by ISWAP . The state has a predominance of Kanuri people , while other ethnic groups such as Lapang , Babur / Bura , Mafa and Marghi are also found in the southern part of the state. Shuwa Arabs are mainly the descendants of Arab people and are an example of

912-522: The endurance of traditional political institutions in some areas of Africa . The emirs of the former Kanem–Bornu Empire have played a part in the politics of this area for nearly 1,000 years. The current Kanemi dynasty gained control of the Borno Emirate in the early 19th century after the Fulani jihad of Usman dan Fodio . Conquered by Rabih in 1893, Borno was invaded by the British, French and Germans at

950-633: The environment is degrading. There is growing competition between humans and wildlife. Farmers set out poison to kill the crop-destroying Quelea quelea , in the process killing non-target species. Marginal land is now coming under cultivation and tree cover in the forest reserves is being depleted. The Bulatura sector is in the Yusufari Local Government Area of Yobe State, and has an area of 92 km around coordinates 13°15′0″N 11°00′0″E  /  13.25000°N 11.00000°E  / 13.25000; 11.00000 . The sector has

988-421: The insurgency, and many people have experienced acute food insecurity . The climate of Borno state is characteristic of rainfall variability, with a strong latitudinal zone, which is drier in this northeastern state. The commencement of the rainy season in this northeast state is around June/July of every year, which is far behind the southeastern states. The trade wind , also regarded as the harmattan season

1026-603: The local governments on cultural and traditional matters. A wide variety of Biu–Mandara languages are spoken in Borno State, particularly in the Mandara Mountains . Languages of Borno State listed by Local Government Area: Other languages of Borno State are Lala-Roba, Tarjumo, Yedina, and Tedaga. Islam continues to be the dominant faith practised in Borno State, with much smaller numbers of adherents of Christianity and other faiths spread throughout and living within

1064-611: The local people of the longer-term value of conservation. There have been discussions by the IUCN over making the sector and the Waza National Park an internationally designated protected area . The Bade-Nguru Wetlands sector is part of the Hadejia-Nguru wetlands , and has an area of 938 km around coordinates 12°40′0″N 10°30′0″E  /  12.66667°N 10.50000°E  / 12.66667; 10.50000 . It lies in

1102-747: The montane Mandara Plateau in the southeast. In the far northeast of the state is the Nigerian portion of Lake Chad and the Lake Chad flooded savanna ecoregion ; the lake is fed by the Yobe River which forms the state's border with Niger until it reaches the lakebed. In the centre of the state is part of the Chad Basin National Park , a large national park that contains populations of black crowned crane , spotted hyena , patas monkey , and roan antelope along with transient herds of some of Nigeria's last remaining African bush elephants . However,

1140-422: The national border with Chad for 85 km (53 miles). It is the only Nigerian state to border up to three countries. It takes its name from the historic emirate of Borno , with the emirate's old capital of Maiduguri serving as the capital city of Borno State. The state was formed in 1976 when the former North-Eastern State was broken up. It originally included the area that is now Yobe State , which became

1178-576: The next 500 years. It was not until the early 1800s when the Fulani jihad significantly weakened the Empire, that Bornu began to decline. Much of modern-day southern Borno State was seized in the wars and incorporated into the Adamawa Emirate under the Sokoto Caliphate . About 80 years later, Rabih az-Zubayr , a Sudanese warlord , conquered the Empire and ruled until he was killed by French forces in

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1216-617: The power of the emirs of the former dynasty, and by the time of Nigeria's return to civilian rule in 1979, the emirs' jurisdiction has been restricted solely to cultural and traditional affairs. Mala Kachallah was elected governor of Borno State in 1999 under the flagship of the then APP (All Peoples Party), later renamed the All Nigeria People's Party (ANPP). Ali Modu Sheriff was elected governor of Borno State in Nigeria in April 2003. Boko Haram's insurgency began in 2009, with Borno being

1254-929: The region, the National Parks Service temporarily suspended operations and research in the Chad Basin National Park in 2021; operations were also suspended in the Kainji National Park and the Kamuku National Park . The Chingurmi-Duguma sector is in the Bama Local Government Area of Borno State, adjoining the Waza National Park in the Republic of Cameroon , around coordinates 11°45′0″N 14°15′0″E  /  11.75000°N 14.25000°E  / 11.75000; 14.25000 . It has an area of 1,228 km (474 sq mi), with

1292-567: The region. Sharia operates as the primary foundation for the development, interpretation, and enforcement of most civic codes and laws. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Maiduguri has its seat in the State. The Anglican Diocese of Maiduguri (1990) within the Province of Jos , is led by Bishop Emmanuel Morris (2017). Ekklesiar Yan'Uwa A Nigeria (EYN) buildings in Maiduguri were destroyed by Boko Haram as

1330-517: The south) at around 7% each. From the 700s, what is now Borno State was within the territory of the Kanem Empire , an empire spanning from modern-day southern Libya ( Fezzan ) south through most of now- Chad into modern-day Borno State. In the late 1300s, the Kanem Empire was forced to move after unsuccessful wars, becoming the Bornu Empire before regaining strength and ruling the wider area for

1368-526: The southwest of the Bade and Jakusko Local Government Areas of Yobe State. The sector includes the Dagona Waterfowl Sanctuary, an important resting place for migratory birds. It also includes five forest reserves. Annual rainfall ranges between 200–600 mm, during the period late May–September. With reduced flooding due to upstream dams and perhaps climate change, and with increasing population,

1406-485: The state's governor Kashim Shettima said that "176 teachers had been killed and 900 schools destroyed since 2011." After the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping in April 2014, most schools in Borno State were closed. In November 2014, UNICEF reported it has increased its Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) centres in Borno State "from 5 to 67." In Borno State, the agricultural sector has suffered mostly because of

1444-531: The worst-affected area. On 14 May 2013, President Goodluck Jonathan declared a state of emergency in northeastern Nigeria, including Borno State along with the neighboring states of Adamawa and Yobe . This happened after fighting between Boko Haram and the state armed forces killed 200 people in the town of Baga . A spokesman for the armed forces declared that the offensive would continue "as long as it takes to achieve our objective of getting rid of insurgents from every part of Nigeria." In July 2014,

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