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79-527: Monade were a French post-rock band which was initially a side project of Lætitia Sadier , a founding member of Stereolab . In 2009, Sadier retired the project name and began performing under her own name. In the late 1990s, the All-City imprint released a 7" split of Monade's "Ode to a Keyring"/"Witch Hazel" [the a-side of the split featured materials by post-rock group, M, featuring David Pajo of Slint . These songs were recorded by Sadier with Rosie Cuckston of

158-570: A "piece of ambient-pop" by the music journalist David Buckley in David Bowie: The Music and The Changes , as it prominently incorporates a motorik drum rhythm, electronically processed guitars and a simplistic melody. Dream pop band Slowdive 's 1995 album Pygmalion was a major departure from the band's usual sound, heavily incorporating elements of ambient electronica and psychedelia with hypnotic, repetitive rhythms, influencing many ambient pop bands and subsequently being regarded as

237-606: A "post-rock noisefest". Post-rock incorporates stylings and traits from a variety of musical genres and scenes, including krautrock , ambient , psychedelia , prog rock , space rock , math rock , tape music and other experimental recording techniques , minimalist classical , British IDM , jazz (both avant-garde and cool ), and dub, as well as post-punk , free jazz , contemporary classical , and avant-garde electronica . It can also bear similarities to drone music , and usage of drones in psychedelic rock . Early post-rock groups often exhibited strong influence from

316-591: A certain degree of acclaim throughout the years, especially in the Internet age . Due to its relatively open style, ambient music often takes influences from many other genres, ranging from classical , avant-garde music , experimental music , folk , jazz , and world music , amongst others. As an early 20th-century French composer, Erik Satie used such Dadaist -inspired explorations to create an early form of ambient/background music that he labeled " furniture music " ( Musique d'ameublement ). This he described as being

395-411: A composition. Shaeffer's techniques of using tape loops and splicing are considered to be the precursor to modern day sampling . In 1952, John Cage released his famous three- movement composition 4'33 which is a performance of complete silence for four minutes and thirty-three seconds. The piece is intended to capture the ambient sounds of the venue/location of the performance and have that be

474-511: A computer-analog hybrid system called GROOVE. In 1977, her composition, Music of the Spheres was included on Voyager 1 and 2's Golden Record . In April 1975, Suzanne Ciani gave two performances on her Buchla synthesizer – one at the WBAI Free music store and one at Phil Niblock's loft. These performances were released on an archival album in 2016 entitled Buchla Concerts 1975 . According to

553-444: A distinct style of ambient electronic music that would later be developed into ambient house music. The English producer Brian Eno is credited with coining the term "ambient music" in the mid-1970s. He said other artists had been creating similar music, but that "I just gave it a name. Which is exactly what it needed ... By naming something you create a difference. You say that this is now real. Names are very important." He used

632-683: A distinctive sound tool". By the late 2000s to present, ambient music also gained widespread recognition on YouTube , with uploaded pieces, usually ranging from one to eight hours long, getting over millions of hits. Such videos are usually titled, or are generally known as, "relaxing music", and may be influenced by other music genres . Ambient videos assist online listeners with yoga , study , sleep (see music and sleep ), massage , meditation and gaining optimism , inspiration, and creating peaceful atmosphere in their rooms or other environments. Many uploaded ambient videos tend to be influenced by biomusic where they feature sounds of nature , though

711-580: A landmark album in the genre; Pitchfork critic Nitsuh Abebe described the album's songs as "ambient pop dreams that have more in common with post-rock [bands] like Disco Inferno than shoegazers like Ride ". The genre continued to stylistically progress in the 2000s with bands including Sweet Trip , Múm , Broadcast , Dntel and his project the Postal Service . Brian Eno's original vision of ambient music as unobtrusive musical wallpaper, later fused with warm house rhythms and given playful qualities by

790-519: A means of enabling the exploration of textures, timbres and different styles. The genre emerged within the indie and underground music scenes of the 1980s and 1990s, but as it abandoned rock conventions, it began to show less musical resemblance to conventional indie rock at the time. The first wave of post-rock derives inspiration from diverse sources including ambient , electronica , jazz , krautrock , psychedelia , dub , and minimalist classical , with these influences also being pivotal for

869-411: A melancholy and crescendo -driven style rooted in, among other genres, chamber music , musique concrète techniques and free jazz influences. In 2000, Radiohead released the studio album Kid A , marking a significant turning point in their musical style, with Reynolds describing it and the 2001 follow-up album Amnesiac as major examples of post-rock in the style that had been established by

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948-455: A more cohesive stage in the band's development. There is now a regular lineup, and it was recorded using studio equipment. The album has been roundly praised and criticised for its superficial resemblance to the sound of Stereolab, but several reviews have commented more on the harmonic structure of the album, which almost seems to blend symphonically at times. Asked about on the album's themes in an interview for Eye Weekly , Sadier commented: "I

1027-478: A number of albums that were regarded as post-rock, most notably To Be Kind , which was acclaimed by AllMusic at the end of 2014. Ambient music#Ambient pop The genre originated in the 1960s and 1970s, when new musical instruments were being introduced to a wider market, such as the synthesizer. It was presaged by Erik Satie 's furniture music and styles such as musique concrète , minimal music , Jamaican dub reggae and German electronic music , but

1106-480: A part in popularising and diversifying ambient music where it was used as a calming respite from the intensity of the hardcore and techno popular at that time. Other global ambient artists from the 1990s include American composers Stars of the Lid (who released 5 albums during this decade), and Japanese artist Susumu Yokota whose album Sakura (1999) featured what Pitchfork magazine called "dreamy, processed guitar as

1185-439: A sense of "continuum of spatial imagery and emotion", beneficial introspection, deep listening and sensations of floating, cruising or flying. Space music is used by individuals for both background enhancement and foreground listening, often with headphones, to stimulate relaxation, contemplation, inspiration and generally peaceful expansive moods and soundscapes . Space music is also a component of many film soundtracks and

1264-483: A space to think. Ambient Music must be able to accommodate many levels of listening attention without enforcing one in particular; it must be as ignorable as it is interesting. Eno, who describes himself as a "non-musician", termed his experiments "treatments" rather than traditional performances. In the late 70s, new-age musician Laraaji began busking in New York parks and sidewalks, including Washington Square Park. It

1343-455: A subgenre of vaporwave , features various ambient influences, with artists such as Cat System Corp. and Groceries exploring ambient sounds typical of malls and grocery stores. Ambient dub is a fusion of ambient music with dub . The term was first coined by Birmingham 's now defunct label "Beyond Records" in early 1990s. The label released series of albums Ambient Dub Volume 1 to 4 that inspired many artists, including Bill Laswell , who used

1422-462: Is a reference to Monade as a solo side project to Stereolab. The title of Monade's first album pays tribute to a libertarian Marxist political group founded by Castoriadis, Socialisme ou Barbarie . In March 2008, a new Monade album was released, without any promotion, called Monstre Cosmic . On September 19, 2009 at The BirdCage in London, it was announced that it was Laetitia's last performance under

1501-458: Is another form of ambient house music. Ambient techno is a music category emerging in the late 1980s that is used to describe ambient music atmospheres with the rhythmic and melodic elements of techno . Notable artists include Aphex Twin , B12 , Autechre , and the Black Dog . Ambient industrial is a hybrid genre of industrial and ambient music. A "typical" ambient industrial work (if there

1580-548: Is commonly used in planetariums , as a relaxation aid and for meditation . Examples of films with soundtracks that feature some, or extensive, usage of ambient music include, Forbidden Planet (1956), THX 1138 (1971), Solaris (1972), Blade Runner (1982), The Thing (1982), Dune (1984), Heathers (1988), Akira (1988), Ghost in the Shell (1995), Titanic (1997), Traffic (2000), Donnie Darko (2001), Solaris (2002), The Passion of

1659-452: Is like a long echo delay, looping through time...turning the rational order of musical sequences into an ocean of sensation." Notable artists within the genre include Dreadzone , Higher Intelligence Agency , the Orb , Gaudi , Ott , Loop Guru , Woob and Transglobal Underground as well as Banco de Gaia and Leyland Kirby Ambient house is a musical category founded in the late 1980s that

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1738-522: Is often seen on the label of Neurot Recordings . Similarly, bands such as Altar of Plagues , Lantlôs and Agalloch blend between post-rock and black metal , incorporating elements of the former while primarily using the latter. In some cases, this sort of experimentation and blending has gone beyond the fusion of post-rock with a single genre, as in the case of post-metal, in favor of an even wider embrace of disparate musical influences as it can be heard in bands like Deafheaven . A precedent to post-rock

1817-403: Is produced by stripping away all sense of doubt and uncertainty (and thus all genuine interest) from the music, Ambient Music retains these qualities. And whereas their intention is to "brighten" the environment by adding stimulus to it (thus supposedly alleviating the tedium of routine tasks and leveling out the natural ups and downs of the body rhythms) Ambient Music is intended to induce calm and

1896-425: Is such a thing) might consist of evolving dissonant harmonies of metallic drones and resonances, extreme low frequency rumbles and machine noises, perhaps supplemented by gongs , percussive rhythms, bullroarers , distorted voices or anything else the artist might care to sample (often processed to the point where the original sample is no longer recognizable). Entire works may be based on radio telescope recordings,

1975-460: Is the late 1960s U.S. group The Velvet Underground and their " dronology "—"a term that loosely describes fifty percent of today's post rock activity". A 2004 article from Stylus Magazine also noted that David Bowie 's 1977 album Low would have been considered post-rock if released twenty years later. British group Public Image Ltd (PiL) were also pioneers, described by the NME as "arguably

2054-411: Is used to describe acid house featuring ambient music elements and atmospheres. Tracks in the ambient house genre typically feature four-on-the-floor beats, synth pads , and vocal samples integrated in an atmospheric style. Ambient house tracks generally lack a diatonic center and feature much atonality along with synthesized chords. The Dutch Brainvoyager is an example of this genre. Illbient

2133-565: The Kranky label like Labradford , Bowery Electric , and Stars of the Lid , are often cited as foundational to the American first wave of post-rock, especially in the Chicago scene. The second Tortoise album, Millions Now Living Will Never Die , made the band a post-rock icon, with bands such as Do Make Say Think beginning to record music inspired by the "Tortoise-sound". In the late 1990s, Chicago

2212-534: The San Francisco Tape Music Centre , Pauline Oliveros coined the term " deep listening " after she recorded an album inside a huge underground cistern in Washington which has a 45-second reverberation time. The concept of Deep Listening then went on to become "an aesthetic based upon principles of improvisation, electronic music, ritual, teaching and meditation". By the early 1990s, artists such as

2291-406: The tripping mind. British artists such as Aphex Twin (specifically: Selected Ambient Works Volume II , 1994), Global Communication ( 76:14 , 1994), The Future Sound of London ( Lifeforms , 1994, ISDN , 1994), the Black Dog ( Temple of Transparent Balls , 1993), Autechre ( Incunabula , 1993, Amber , 1994), Boards of Canada , and The KLF 's Chill Out , (1990), all took

2370-454: The "strictness" of the band's avant-garde approach, and their musical characteristics of uncertainty and unevenness. Originally used to describe the electronica -tinged rock-adjacent indie music of English bands such as Stereolab , Laika , Disco Inferno , Moonshake , Seefeel , Bark Psychosis , and Pram , many of which began in post-punk and shoegaze roots, post-rock grew to denote further elaborations on this style. Bands from

2449-556: The '90s, it's a very nebulous term; many artists enter or leave the style with each successive release. Related styles include ambient industrial (see below) and isolationist ambient. Space music, also spelled "Spacemusic", includes music from the ambient genre as well as a broad range of other genres with certain characteristics in common to create the experience of contemplative spaciousness. Space music ranges from simple to complex sonic textures sometimes lacking conventional melodic, rhythmic, or vocal components, generally evoking

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2528-485: The 2000s due to the use of many of their tracks, particularly their 2005 single " Hoppípolla ", in TV soundtracks and film trailers. These bands' popularity was attributed to a move towards a more conventional rock oriented sound with simpler song structures and increasing utilization of pop hooks, also being regarded as a new atmospheric style of indie rock. Following a 13-year hiatus, experimental rock band Swans began releasing

2607-590: The Beatles , writer Christopher Porterfield hails the band and producer George Martin 's creative use of the recording studio, declaring that this is "leading an evolution in which the best of current post-rock sounds are becoming something that pop music has never been before an art form." Another pre-1994 example of the term in use can be found in an April 1992 review of 1990s noise-pop band The Earthmen by Steven Walker in Melbourne music publication Juke , where he describes

2686-521: The Looking Glass in two days. She performed all parts on the album, with diverse instrumentation including percussion, marimba, gong, reed organ, bells, ocarina, vibraphone, piano and glass Coca-Cola bottles. Between 1988 and 1993, Éliane Radigue produced three hour-long works on the ARP 2500 which were subsequently issued together as La Trilogie De La Mort . Also in 1988, founding member and director of

2765-602: The Orb , Aphex Twin , Seefeel , the Irresistible Force , Biosphere , and the Higher Intelligence Agency gained commercial success and were being referred to by the popular music press as ambient house , ambient techno , IDM or simply "ambient". The term chillout emerged from British ecstasy culture which was originally applied in relaxed downtempo "chillout rooms" outside of the main dance floor where ambient, dub and downtempo beats were played to ease

2844-666: The Orb in the 1990s, found its opposite in the style known as dark ambient. Populated by a wide assortment of personalities—ranging from older industrial and metal experimentalists ( Scorn 's Mick Harris , Current 93 's David Tibet , Nurse with Wound 's Steven Stapleton ) to electronic boffins ( Kim Cascone /PGR, Psychick Warriors Ov Gaia ), Japanese noise artists ( K.K. Null , Merzbow ), and latter-day indie rockers ( Main , Bark Psychosis ) – dark ambient features toned-down or entirely missing beats with unsettling passages of keyboards, eerie samples, and treated guitar effects. Like most styles related in some way to electronic/dance music of

2923-490: The Senile Man (Part One) (1979) as "a door opening on multi-faceted post-rock music," citing its drawing on avant-garde, noise and jazz. This Heat are regarded as having predated the genre, while also being credited as an influence on bands in the first wave of post-rock. Their music has been compared directly to Slint , Swans and Stereolab . Stump were referred to as "a significant precursor to post-rock" due to

3002-502: The album AIA: Alien Observer , listed by Pitchfork at number 21 on their "50 Best Ambient Albums of All Time". In 2011, Julianna Barwick released her first full-length album The Magic Place . Heavily influenced by her childhood experiences in a church choir, Barwick loops her wordless vocals into ethereal soundscapes. It was listed at number 30 on Pitchfork's 50 Best Ambient Albums of All Time. After several self-released albums, Buchla composer, producer and performer Kaitlyn Aurelia Smith

3081-488: The associated scene of artists. The term has since developed to refer to bands oriented around dramatic and suspense-driven instrumental rock , making the term controversial among listeners and artists alike. The concept of "post-rock" was initially developed by critic Simon Reynolds , who used the term in his review of Bark Psychosis' album Hex , published in the March 1994 issue of Mojo magazine. Reynolds expanded upon

3160-446: The babbling of newborn babies, or sounds recorded through contact microphones on telegraph wires. Ambient pop is a style that developed in the 1980s and 1990s contemporaneously with post-rock ; it has also been regarded as an extension of the dream pop movement and the atmospheric style of shoegaze . It incorporates structures that are common to indie music , but extensively explores "electronic textures and atmospheres that mirror

3239-520: The band Pram . The two songs featured on Monade's initial 45 were re-recorded for the group's first full-length record, Socialisme Ou Barbarie [Drag City]. They have released two albums to date on the Duophonic label which is partially owned by Sadier herself. The first album, Socialisme ou Barbarie: The Bedroom Recordings was released in 2003 after being produced part-time over a period of six years. Their second album, A Few Steps More (2005), marks

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3318-699: The development of minimal music (also called minimalism), which shares many similar concepts to ambient music such as repetitive patterns or pulses, steady drones, and consonant harmony. Many records were released in Europe and the United States of America between the mid-1960s and the mid-1990s that established the conventions of the ambient genre in the anglophone popular music market. Some 1960s records with ambient elements include Music for Yoga Meditation and Other Joys and Music for Zen Meditation by Tony Scott , Soothing Sounds for Baby by Raymond Scott , and

3397-477: The early 1990s such as Slint or, earlier, Talk Talk , were later recognized as influential on post-rock. Despite the fact that the two bands are very different from one another, with Talk Talk emerging from art rock and new wave and Slint emerging from post-hardcore , they both have had a driving influence on the way post-rock progressed throughout the 1990s. Groups such as Tortoise, Cul de Sac , and Gastr del Sol , as well as more ambient-oriented bands from

3476-437: The first post-rock group". Their second album Metal Box (1979) almost completely abandoned traditional rock and roll structures in favor of dense, repetitive dub and krautrock inspired soundscapes and John Lydon 's cryptic, stream-of-consciousness lyrics. The year before Metal Box was released, PiL bassist Jah Wobble declared that "rock is obsolete". Dean McFarlane of AllMusic describes Alternative TV 's Vibing Up

3555-483: The first record of the Environments album series by Irv Teibel . In the late 1960s, French composer Éliane Radigue composed several pieces by processing tape loops from the feedback between two tape recorders and a microphone. In the 1970s, she then went on to compose similar music almost exclusively with an ARP 2500 synthesiser , and her long, slow compositions have often been compared to drone music . In 1969,

3634-406: The first wave of post-rock. Post-rock pieces can be lengthy and instrumental, containing repetitive build-ups of timbres , dynamics and textures. Vocals are often omitted from post-rock; however, this does not necessarily mean they are absent entirely. When vocals are included, the use is typically non-traditional: some post-rock bands employ vocals as purely instrumental efforts and incidental to

3713-401: The first wave. In the early 2000s, the term became divisive with both music critics and musicians, with it being seen as falling out of favor. It became increasingly controversial as more critics outwardly condemned its use. Some of the bands for whom the term was most frequently assigned, including Cul de Sac, Tortoise, and Mogwai, rejected the label. The wide range of styles covered by

3792-531: The group COUM Transmissions were performing sonic experiments in British art schools. Pearls Before Swine 's 1968 album Balaklava features the sounds of birdsong and ocean noise, which were to become tropes of ambient music." Developing in the 1970s, ambient music stemmed from the experimental and synthesizer -oriented styles of the period. Between 1974 and 1976, American composer Laurie Spiegel created her seminal work The Expanding Universe , created on

3871-412: The hypnotic, meditative qualities of ambient music", which is also central to indie electronic music. Ambient pop utilizes the musical experimentation of psychedelia and the repetitive traits of minimalism , krautrock and techno as prevalent influences. Despite being an extension of dream pop, it is distinguished by its adoption of "contemporary electronic idioms, including sampling , although for

3950-527: The idea later in the May 1994 issue of The Wire . Referring to the artists Seefeel , Disco Inferno , Techno Animal , Robert Hampson , and Insides , Reynolds used the term to describe music "using rock instrumentation for non-rock purposes, using guitars as facilitators of timbre and textures rather than riffs and power chords ". He further expounded on the term that [p]erhaps the really provocative area for future development lies [...] in cyborg rock; not

4029-424: The krautrock of the 1970s, particularly borrowing elements of the " motorik ", the characteristic krautrock rhythm. Post-rock compositions can often make use of repetition of musical motifs and subtle changes with an extremely wide range of dynamics. In some respects, this is similar to the music of Steve Reich , Philip Glass and Brian Eno , pioneers of minimalism who were acknowledged influences on bands in

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4108-482: The listener. iTunes and Spotify have digital radio stations that feature ambient music, which are mostly produced by independent labels . Acclaimed ambient music of this era (according to Pitchfork magazine) include works by Max Richter , Julianna Barwick , Grouper , William Basinski , Oneohtrix Point Never , and the Caretaker . In 2011, American composer Liz Harris recording as Grouper released

4187-575: The mid-1980s, the possibilities to create a sonic landscape increased through the use of sampling . By the late 1980s, there was a steep increase in the incorporation of the computer in the writing and recording process of records. The sixteen-bit Macintosh platform with built-in sound and comparable IBM models would find themselves in studios and homes of musicians and record makers. However, many artists were still working with analogue synthesizers and acoustic instruments to produce ambient works. In 1983, Midori Takada recorded her first solo LP Through

4266-476: The most part live instruments continue to define the sound." David Bowie 's Berlin Trilogy with ambient music pioneer Brian Eno , both of whom were inspired during the production of the albums in the trilogy by German kosmische Musik bands and minimalist composers, was regarded as influential on ambient pop. The track "Red Sails" from the trilogy's third album, Lodger (1979), was retroactively described as

4345-446: The music and acts as another instrument." Often, in lieu of typical rock structures like the verse-chorus form , post-rock groups make greater use of soundscapes. Simon Reynolds states in his essay "Post-Rock" from Audio Culture that "A band's journey through rock to post-rock usually involves a trajectory from narrative lyrics to stream-of-consciousness to voice-as-texture to purely instrumental music". Reynolds' conclusion defines

4424-608: The music played. Cage has been cited by seminal artists such as Brian Eno as influence. In the 1960s, many music groups experimented with unusual methods, with some of them creating what would later be called ambient music. In the summer of 1962, composers Ramon Sender and Morton Subotnick founded The San Francisco Tape Music Center which functioned both as an electronic music studio and concert venue. Other composers working with tape recorders became members and collaborators including Pauline Oliveros , Terry Riley and Steve Reich . Their compositions, among others, contributed to

4503-501: The name Monade. Laetitia played a selection of new solo songs. Post-rock Post-rock is a subgenre of experimental rock characterized by the exploration of textures and timbres as well as non- rock styles, often with minimal or no vocals , placing less emphasis on conventional song structures or riffs than on atmosphere for musically evocative purposes. Post-rock artists can often combine rock instrumentation and rock stylings with electronics and digital production as

4582-407: The prominence of house and techno music , growing a cult following by the 1990s. Ambient music may have elements of new-age music and drone music , as some works may use sustained or repeated notes. Ambient music did not achieve large commercial success, being criticized as everything from "dolled-up new age, [..] to boring and irrelevant technical noodling". Nevertheless, it has attained

4661-414: The record label, these concerts were part live presentation, part grant application and part educational demonstration. However, it was not until Brian Eno coined the term in the mid-70s that ambient music was defined as a genre. Eno went on to record 1975's Discreet Music with this in mind, suggesting that it be listened to at "comparatively low levels, even to the extent that it frequently falls below

4740-521: The same phrase in his music project Divination, where he collaborated with other artists in the genre. Ambient dub adopts dub styles made famous by King Tubby and other Jamaican sound artists from the 1960s to the early 1970s, using DJ-inspired ambient electronica, complete with all the inherent drop-outs, echo, equalization and psychedelic electronic effects. It often features layering techniques and incorporates elements of world music, deep bass lines and harmonic sounds. According to David Toop , "Dub music

4819-533: The sort of music that could be played during a dinner to create a background atmosphere for that activity, rather than serving as the focus of attention. In his own words, Satie sought to create "a music...which will be part of the noises of the environment, will take them into consideration. I think of it as melodious, softening the noises of the knives and forks at dinner, not dominating them, not imposing itself. It would fill up those heavy silences that sometime fall between friends dining together. It would spare them

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4898-544: The sound, rather than a more traditional use where "clean", easily interpretable vocals are important for poetic and lyrical meaning. When present, post-rock vocals are often soft or droning and are typically infrequent or present in irregular intervals, and have abstract or impersonal lyrics. Sigur Rós , a band known for their distinctive vocals, fabricated a language they called "Hopelandic" ("Vonlenska" in Icelandic), which they described as "a form of gibberish vocals that fits to

4977-448: The sounds would be modified with reverbs and delay units to make spacey versions of the sounds as part of the ambience. Such natural sounds oftentimes include those of a beach , rainforest , thunderstorm and rainfall , among others, with vocalizations of animals such as bird songs being used as well. Pieces containing binaural beats are common and popular uploads as well, which provide music therapy and stress management for

5056-651: The sporadic progression from rock, with its field of sound and lyrics to post-rock, where samples are manipulated, stretched and looped. Wider experimentation and blending of other genres have taken hold in the post-rock scene. Cult of Luna , Isis , Russian Circles , Palms , Deftones , and Pelican fused metal with post-rock styles, with the resulting sound being termed post-metal . More recently, sludge metal has grown and evolved to include (and in some cases fuse completely with) some elements of post-rock. This second wave of sludge metal has been pioneered by bands such as Giant Squid and Battle of Mice . This new sound

5135-419: The substyle of ambient pop . Artists such as Talk Talk and Slint were credited with producing foundational works in the style in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The term "post-rock" was notably employed by journalist Simon Reynolds in a review of Bark Psychosis ' 1994 album Hex . With the release of Tortoise 's 1996 album Millions Now Living Will Never Die , post-rock became an accepted term for

5214-469: The term include its employment in a 1975 article by American journalist James Wolcott about musician Todd Rundgren , although with a different meaning. It was also used in the Rolling Stone Album Guide to name a style roughly corresponding to " avant-rock " or "out-rock". The earliest use of the term cited by Reynolds dates back as far as September 1967. In a Time cover story feature on

5293-562: The term not to be of his own coinage, writing in his blog "I discovered many years later it had been floating around for over a decade." In 2021, Reynolds reflected on the evolution of the style, saying that the term had developed in meaning during the 21st century, no longer referring to "left-field UK guitar groups engaged in a gradual process of abandoning songs [and exploring] texture, effects processing, and space," but instead coming to signify "epic and dramatic instrumental rock, not nearly as post- as it likes to think it is." Earlier uses of

5372-414: The term to describe music that is different from forms of canned music like Muzak . In the liner notes for his 1978 album Ambient 1: Music for Airports , Eno wrote: Whereas the extant canned music companies proceed from the basis of regularizing environments by blanketing their acoustic and atmospheric idiosyncrasies, Ambient Music is intended to enhance these. Whereas conventional background music

5451-470: The term, they and others have claimed, robbed it of its individuality. As part of the second wave of post-rock, Explosions in the Sky , 65daysofstatic , This Will Destroy You , Do Make Say Think, Godspeed You! Black Emperor, and Mono became some of the more popular post-rock bands of the new millennium. Sigur Rós, with the release of Ágætis byrjun in 1999, became among the most well known post-rock bands of

5530-564: The threshold of audibility", referring to Satie's quote about his musique d'ameublement. Other contemporaneous musicians creating ambient-style music at the time included Jamaican dub musicians such as King Tubby , Japanese electronic music composers such as Isao Tomita and Ryuichi Sakamoto as well as the psychoacoustic soundscapes of Irv Teibel 's Environments series, and German experimental bands such as Popol Vuh , Cluster , Kraftwerk , Harmonia , Ash Ra Tempel and Tangerine Dream . Mike Orme of Stylus Magazine describes

5609-454: The trouble of paying attention to their own banal remarks. And at the same time it would neutralize the street noises which so indiscreetly enter into the play of conversation. To make such music would be to respond to a need." In 1948, French composer & engineer, Pierre Schaeffer coined the term musique concrète . This experimental style of music used recordings of natural sounds that were then modified, manipulated or effected to create

5688-450: The wholehearted embrace of Techno 's methodology, but some kind of interface between real time, hands-on playing and the use of digital effects and enhancement. Reynolds, in a July 2005 entry in his blog, said that he had used the concept of "post-rock" before using it in Mojo , previously referring to it in a feature on Insides for music newspaper Melody Maker . He also said he later found

5767-441: The work of Berlin school musicians as "laying the groundwork" for ambient. The impact the rise of the synthesizer in modern music had on ambient as a genre cannot be overstated; as Ralf Hutter of early electronic pioneers Kraftwerk said in a 1977 Billboard interview: "Electronics is beyond nations and colors...with electronics everything is possible. The only limit is with the composer". The Yellow Magic Orchestra developed

5846-415: Was prominently named and popularized by British musician Brian Eno in 1978 with his album Ambient 1: Music for Airports ; Eno opined that ambient music "must be as ignorable as it is interesting", however, in early years, there were artists that were pioneers in this genre, like Jean-Michel Jarre , Vangelis , Mike Oldfield , Wendy Carlos , Kraftwerk , etc. It saw a revival towards the late 1980s with

5925-472: Was signed to independent record label Western Vinyl in 2015. In 2016, she released her second official album EARS . It paired the Buchla synthesizer with traditional instruments and her compositions were compared to Laurie Spiegel and Alice Coltrane . Kaitlyn has also collaborated with other well-known Buchla performer, Suzanne Ciani . Iggy Pop 's 2019 album Free features ambient soundscapes. Mallsoft ,

6004-513: Was the home of a variety of post-rock associated performers. John McEntire of Tortoise and Jim O'Rourke of Brise-Glace , both of Gastr Del Sol, were important for many of these groups, with them both also producing multiple albums by Stereolab in the 1990s and 2000s. One of the most eminent post-rock locales is Montreal, where Godspeed You! Black Emperor and related groups, including Silver Mt. Zion and Fly Pan Am , recorded on Constellation Records ; these groups are generally characterized by

6083-426: Was the term Castoriadis used to describe the undifferentiated infantile psyche , before its shattering into the ego, super-ego, and id through the process of socialization . Lætitia Sadier has stated that the name has a double meaning – the word "monade" is from the root word " mono- " (meaning "one") and etymologically related to the sound recording term " mono ", which stands in contrast to stereo , and therefore

6162-445: Was there that Brian Eno heard Laraaji playing and asked him if he'd like to record an album. Day of Radiance released in 1980, was the third album in Eno's Ambient series. Although Laraaji had already recorded a number of albums, this one gave him international recognition. Unlike other albums in the series, Day of Radiance featured mostly acoustic instruments instead of electronics. In

6241-419: Was trying to write to the individual and the capacity to listen to one's desires. Also, I tackled the idea of becoming. I think that's quite an important notion: that things should be allowed to become. I became a singer and it took me years and I want Monade to have a chance to become a band." The name "Monade" was taken from Cornelius Castoriadis ' concept of the " monade psychique " (psychical monad ), which

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