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111-542: The Mobile Naval Airfield Organisation (MNAO) was the shore-based component of the naval air logistics organisation. This comprised two types of units, a Mobile Operational Naval Air Base (MONAB) and a Transportable Aircraft Maintenance Yard (TAMY). These were mobile units, the first of which formed in 1944, to provide logistical support to the Fleet Air Arm squadrons of the Royal Navy 's British Pacific Fleet , towards

222-526: A "Director of Operations" or a "Logistics Officer" working on similar problems. Furthermore, the term " supply chain management " originally referred to, among other issues, having an integrated vision of both production and logistics from point of origin to point of production. All these terms may suffer from semantic change as a side effect of advertising. Logistical activities can be divided into three main areas: order processing, inventory management, and freight transportation. Traditionally, order processing

333-824: A 2.5 billion increase from 2017, led by 21% for the Boeing 737NG ' CFM56-7B and the A320's CFM56-5B and IAE V2500 (also on the MD-90) tied for second, followed by the mature widebody engines: the GE90 then the Trent 700. Over the 2017–2026 decade, the largest markets for turbofans will be the B737NG's CFM56 -7 with 23%, the V2500 -A5 with 21%, the General Electric GE90 -115B with 13%, the A320's CFM56-5B with 13%,

444-574: A Fighter Support unit (Supermarine Seafire, Vought Corsair and Fairey Firefly), it arrived in Sydney on 31 August, destined for RAAF Amberley , Queensland, but was redirected to Hong Kong . It commissioned as RNAS Kai Tak on 28 September, providing shore facilities for disembarked squadrons, with 1701 Naval Air Squadron providing Air-Sea Rescue and 721 Naval Air Squadron , a Fleet Requirements Unit. It decommissioned in August 1946 and RNAS Kai Tak then came under

555-528: A Mobile, Storage & Reserve (MSR) component and each of these had a complement of around 122 personnel. There were eleven commissioned units, ten Mobile Operational Naval Air Bases MONABs and one Transportable Aircraft Maintenance Yard (TAMY), ten of these saw active service for the British Pacific Fleet , most based in Australia . The last unit was decommissioned in 1946. Five further MONABs and

666-453: A call for professionals called supply chain logisticians. In business, logistics may have either an internal focus (inbound logistics) or an external focus (outbound logistics), covering the flow and storage of materials from point of origin to point of consumption, a key factor in supply-chain management . The main functions of a qualified logistician include inventory management , purchasing , transportation, warehousing , consultation, and

777-432: A division between the roles of carrying out repair and maintenance on the one hand, and certifying the vehicle or subsystem or component as flightworthy, on the other. ICAO requires that the certification privilege be a delegated function of the nation's responsible Secretary of State. The Secretary of State may authorize another organization to grant the certification privilege to staff on their behalf. In Europe, licensing

888-435: A fixed sum per flying hour. A complete engine and accessory replacement service was provided, allowing the operator to accurately forecast this cost, and relieving him from purchasing stocks of engines and accessories. In the 1980s, Rolls-Royce plc reinstated the program to provide the operator with a fixed engine maintenance cost over an extended period of time. Operators are assured of an accurate cost projection and avoid

999-547: A formed up reserve Carrier Air Group . MONAB I paid off 15 November, being replaced by MONAB V, HMS Nabswick , at RNAS Nowra, and its personnel either returned to the UK or were absorbed by other MONABs in Australia. MONAB II assembled at RNAS Ludham (HMS Flycatcher )and RNATE Risley (HMS Gosling ), in October 1944 as a Receipt and Dispatch Unit. An advance party sailed for Australia aboard

1110-535: A full range of workshops , included aircraft stores and equipment, and were capable of under-taking major repairs and overhauls to airframes , engines and components. A decision was made to form five MONABs and one TAMY early in 1944. These were to be assembled in the UK and transported to the Far East for service there. The Royal Air Force station at Ludham, Norfolk, was acquired and commissioned as HMS Flycatcher , known as Royal Naval Air Station Ludham, in August. It

1221-442: A large number of goods to a user. Generally, there are three types of intermediaries, namely: agent/broker, wholesaler, and retailer. The nodes of a distribution network include: A logistic family is a set of products that share a common characteristic: weight and volumetric characteristics, physical storing needs (temperature, radiation, etc.), handling needs, order frequency, package size, etc. The following metrics may be used by

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1332-543: A maintenance checks or blocks which are packages of maintenance tasks that have to be done on an aircraft after a certain amount of time or usage. Packages are constructed by dividing the maintenance tasks into convenient, bite-size chunks to minimize the time the aircraft is out of service, to keep the maintenance workload level, and to maximize the use of maintenance facilities. An engine failure can significantly impact operations and revenue. A programme of calculated pre-emptive engine changes, sometimes referred to as "power by

1443-578: A maintenance organization to grant the certification privilege to staff on their behalf. The ICAO defines the licensed or rated role of aircraft maintenance by a technician, engineer or mechanic), allowing that each contracting state may use whichever of these terms it prefers. Although aircraft maintenance technicians, engineers and mechanics all perform essentially the same role, different countries may use these terms in different ways to define their individual levels of qualification and responsibilities. Most national and international licensing bodies make

1554-459: A mobile maintenance unit, a maintenance servicing unit, maintenance air radio and maintenance air gunnery units. There were also some supplementary add-on expert units such as a maintenance storage & reserve unit, a mobile repair unit and a mobile air torpedo maintenance unit. In order to support the mobile bases the MNAO needed to find large numbers of specialist vehicles and trailers to cater for

1665-726: A number of sites in the area including an Army camp at Focklea. It was tasked with the assembly of aircraft that had been shipped out from the US and UK, including in particular Vought Corsair and Supermarine Seafire. TAMY I absorbed MONAB VIl during November and paid off on 31 March 1946. MONAB VI assembled at RNAS Middle Wallop (HMS Flycatcher ) in March 1945 and commissioned as HMS Nabstock on 1 April. It sailed from Greenock, Scotland, in April and arrived in Sydney, Australia, 23 May. It arrived at RAAF Maryborough and commissioned as RNAS Maryborough on 1 June, sharing

1776-596: A planned second TAMY were all cancelled after V-J Day : MONAB I formed at RNAS Ludlam (HMS Flycatcher ) in September 1944, commissioned as HMS Nabbington on 28 October and departed from UK in November, arriving in Sydney in December, to commission at RAAF Nowra on 2 January 1945. The unit was able to fully support Vought Corsair fighter bomber and Grumman Avenger torpedo bomber aircraft. During March and April 1945, issues with

1887-456: A proposed second TAMY were all cancelled. The airfield at Middle Wallop was to be handed back to the RAF in April 1946. A review of the organisation was to take place and the MNAO was to become a lodger unit at RNAS Lossiemouth , Moray . In particular MONAB X and MATMU 1 were to be housed at RNAS Lossiemouth while MR 4 was to be installed at Lossiemouth's satellite airfield RNAS Milltown . Lossiemouth

1998-547: A relatively consistent consumption rate regardless of war or peace. Some classes of supply have a linear demand relationship: as more troops are added, more supply items are needed; or as more equipment is used, more fuel and ammunition are consumed. Other classes of supply must consider a third variable besides usage and quantity: time. As equipment ages, more and more repair parts are needed over time, even when usage and quantity stay consistent. By recording and analyzing these trends over time and applying them to future scenarios,

2109-494: A significant need for logistics solutions and so have developed advanced implementations. Integrated logistics support (ILS) is a discipline used in military industries to ensure an easily supportable system with a robust customer service (logistic) concept at the lowest cost and in line with (often high) reliability, availability, maintainability, and other requirements, as defined for the project. In military logistics , Logistics Officers manage how and when to move resources to

2220-456: A similar program for piston engines in general aviation aircraft. Bombardier Aerospace offers its Smart Services program, covering parts and maintenance by the hour. At the completion of any maintenance task a person authorized by the national airworthiness authority or delegated organization signs a maintenance release stating that maintenance has been performed in accordance with the applicable airworthiness requirements. A maintenance release

2331-503: A single customer's demand to be fulfilled efficiently. Track and tracing , which is an essential part of production logistics due to product safety and reliability issues, is also gaining importance, especially in the automotive and medical industries. Construction logistics has been employed by civilizations for thousands of years as the various human civilizations tried to build the best possible works of construction for living and protection. Now, construction logistics has emerged as

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2442-484: A specialist provider. The term production logistics describes logistic processes within a value-adding system (ex, a factory or a mine). Production logistics aims to ensure that each machine and workstation receives the right product in the correct quantity and quality at the right time. The concern is with production, testing, transportation, storage, and supply. Production logistics can operate in existing as well as new plants. Since manufacturing in an existing plant

2553-736: A stockpile of finished goods beforehand can reduce the frequency of transportation to and from the customers and cope with the randomness of customer demands. However, maintaining an inventory requires capital investment in finished goods and maintaining a warehouse. Storage and order picking occupy most of the warehouse maintenance cost. Freight transportation forms a vital part of logistics and allows access to broad markets as goods can be transported to hundreds or thousands of kilometers away. Freight transportation accounts for two-thirds of logistical costs and significantly impacts customer service. Transportation policies and warehouse management are closely intertwined. The rise of commercial transactions through

2664-474: A typical MONAB were adjusted as necessary and it is entirely feasible that no two MONABs had the same complement. Additional officers and ratings were added post formation and despatch as each unit needed to be modified to meet a specific role. Arguably, MONAB VII was likely the nearest to something of a standard complement. MONABs were required to accommodate and feed 950 personnel from disembarked squadrons. Any MONAB that held large numbers of reserve aircraft had

2775-421: A vital part of construction. In the past few years, construction logistics has emerged as a different field of knowledge and study within supply chain management and logistics. The Seven R's is a popular concept used to enforce best practices in logistics management which consists of the following: In military science, maintaining one's supply lines while disrupting those of the enemy is a crucial—some would say

2886-710: A warehouse. A distribution network would require several intermediaries to bring consumer or industrial goods from manufacturers to a user. Intermediaries would markup the costs of the products during distribution, but benefit users by providing lower transportation costs than the manufacturers. The number of intermediaries required for the distribution network depends upon the types of goods being distributed. For example, consumer goods such as cosmetics and handicrafts may not require any intermediaries as they can be sold door-to-door or can be obtained from local flea markets. For industrial goods such as raw materials and equipment, intermediaries are not needed because manufacturers can sell

2997-685: Is a component that holds the supply chain together. The resources managed in logistics may include tangible goods such as materials, equipment, and supplies, as well as food and other consumable items. In military logistics , it is concerned with maintaining army supply lines with food, armaments, ammunition, and spare parts apart from the transportation of troops themselves. Meanwhile, civil logistics deals with acquiring, moving, and storing raw materials, semi-finished goods, and finished goods. For organisations that provide garbage collection, mail deliveries, public utilities, and after-sales services, logistical problems must be addressed. Logistics deals with

3108-416: Is a constantly changing process, machines are exchanged and new ones added, which allows for improving the production logistics system accordingly. Production logistics provides the means to achieve customer response and capital efficiency. Production logistics becomes more important with decreasing batch sizes. In many industries (e.g. mobile phones ), the short-term goal is a batch size of one, allowing even

3219-516: Is governed by EASA Part-66. A person directly licensed to certify flightworthiness is a holder of a Part-66 AML (Aircraft Maintenance License). In many other countries, including Australia, Bangla Desh, Canada, India, New Zealand and South Africa, a person directly granted the privilege of certification is a qualified AME ( Aircraft Maintenance Engineer ) or Licensed AME, also written as LAME or L-AME. (Unlicensed mechanics or tradespersons are sometimes informally referred to as "Unlicensed AMEs" ) In

3330-540: Is measured in the Logistics Performance Index . Distribution logistics has, as its main task, the delivery of the finished products to the customer. It consists of order processing, warehousing, and transportation. Distribution logistics is necessary because production time, place, and quantity differ with the time, place, and quantity of consumption. Disposal logistics has the main function of reducing logistics cost(s) and enhancing service(s) related to

3441-635: Is presumably the origin of the term logistic in logistic growth and related terms. Some sources give this instead as the source of logistics , either ignorant of Jomini's statement that it was derived from logis , or dubious and instead believing it was in fact of Greek origin, or influenced by the existing term of Greek origin. Jomini originally defined logistics as: ... l'art de bien ordonner les marches d'une armée, de bien combiner l'ordre des troupes dans les colonnes, les tems [temps] de leur départ, leur itinéraire, les moyens de communications nécessaires pour assurer leur arrivée à point nommé ... ...

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3552-481: Is sometimes called a certificate of release to service (CRS). In the case of a certified aircraft this may be a licensed aircraft maintenance engineer , Designated Airworthiness Representative – Maintenance (DAR-T) or holder of an EASA Part-66 Aircraft Maintenance License (AML), while for amateur-built aircraft this may be the owner or builder of the aircraft. In some countries the Secretary of State may authorise

3663-548: The New Oxford American Dictionary defines logistics as "the detailed coordination of a complex operation involving many people, facilities, or supplies", and the Oxford Dictionary on-line defines it as "the detailed organization and implementation of a complex operation". As such, logistics is commonly seen as a branch of engineering that creates "people systems" rather than "machine systems". According to

3774-564: The Admiralty Islands via Sydney, then commissioned at the United States Navy constructed airstrip on Ponam Island as RNAS Ponam, on 2 April. It provided support for squadrons from HMS Formidable , HMS Implacable , HMS  Vengeance and HMS Victorious and a number of escort carriers . It also provided reserve aircraft storage. After V-J Day aircraft and equipment were removed from RNAS Ponam, this taking place in October, and

3885-500: The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). This regulation establishes four levels of authorization: The Maintenance, Repair, Overhaul (MRO) Market was US$ 135.1 billion in 2015, three quarters of the $ 180.3 billion aircraft production market. Of this, 60% is for civil aviation : air transport 48%, business and general aviation 9%, rotorcraft 3%; and military aviation is 40%: fixed wing 27% and rotary 13%. Of

3996-538: The European Union , logistics costs were 8.8% to 11.5% of GDP as of 1993. Dedicated simulation software can model, analyze, visualize, and optimize logistics' complexity. Minimizing resource use is a common motivation in all logistics fields. A professional working in logistics management is called a logistician. The term logistics is attested in English from 1846, and is from French: logistique , where it

4107-765: The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The ICAO standards have to be implemented by local airworthiness authorities to regulate the maintenance tasks, personnel and inspection system. Maintenance staff must be licensed for the tasks they carry out. Major airworthiness regulatory authorities include the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB), Transport Canada (TC) and Indian Directorate General of Civil Aviation . Aircraft maintenance in civil aviation generally organized using

4218-671: The PW1000G with 7%, the Rolls-Royce Trent 700 with 6%, the CF6 -80C2 with 5%, the CFM LEAP with 5% and the General Electric CF34 -8 with 4%. Between 2018 and 2022, the largest MRO demand will be for CFM engines with 36%, followed by GE with 24%, Rolls with 13%, IAE with 12% and Pratt with 7%. As an aircraft gets older, a greater percentage of its value is represented by its engines . Over

4329-826: The Romans during the Punic Wars and the success of the Anglo-Portuguese army in the Peninsula War was due to the effectiveness of Wellington's supply system, despite the numerical disadvantage. The defeat of the British in the American War of Independence and the defeat of the Axis in the African theater of World War II are attributed by some scholars to logistical failures. Militaries have

4440-466: The US Armed Forces can accurately supply troops with the items necessary at the precise moment they are needed. History has shown that good logistical planning creates a lean and efficient fighting force. The lack thereof can lead to a clunky, slow, and ill-equipped force with too much or too little supply. One definition of business logistics speaks of "having the right item in the right quantity at

4551-477: The runways at RNAS Nowra meant the temporary use of the satellite base at RAAF Jervis Bay. Between February and October squadrons from the Royal Navy's fleet carriers HMS  Illustrious , HMS  Indefatigable , HMS  Indomitable , HMS  Formidable and HMS  Victorious , were supported and it operated a Fleet Requirements Unit for aircraft carriers working up in the local area. It also held

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4662-505: The $ 64.3 billion air transport MRO market, 40% is for engines, 22% for components, 17% for line, 14% for airframe and 7% for modifications. It is projected to grow at 4.1% per annum until 2025 to $ 96 billion. Airliner MRO should reach $ 74.3 billion in 2017: 51% ($ 37.9B) single-aisles , 21% ($ 15.6B) long-range twin-aisles , 8% ($ 5.9B) medium-range twin-aisles, 7% ($ 5.2B) large aircraft , 6% ($ 4.5B) regional jets as turboprop regional airliners and 1% ($ 0.7B) short range twin-aisles. Over

4773-714: The 2017–2026 decade, the worldwide market should reach over $ 900 billion, led by 23% in North America, 22% in Western Europe, and 19% in Asia Pacific. In 2017, of the $ 70 billion spent by airlines on maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO), 31% were for engines, 27% for components, 24% for line maintenance, 10% for modifications and 8% for the airframe; 70% were for mature airliners ( Airbus A320 and A330 , Boeing 777 and 737NG ), 23% were for “sunset” aircraft ( McDonnell Douglas MD-80 , Boeing 737 Classic , 747 or 757 ) and 7%

4884-692: The Airbus A320 or the Boeing 737-800, their CFM56 value increased from 27–29% to 48–52% of the aircraft value. The 777-200ER's Pratt & Whitney PW4000 and the A330-300's Rolls-Royce Trent 700 engines rose from a share of 18–25% in 2001 to 29–40% in 2013. For the Airbus A320neo and Boeing 737 MAX , between 52% and 57% of their value lies in their engines: this could rise to 80–90% after ten years, while new Airbus A350 or Boeing 787 engines are worth 36–40% of

4995-636: The Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (previously the Council of Logistics Management), logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling procedures for the efficient and effective transportation and storage of goods including services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements and includes inbound, outbound, internal and external movements. Academics and practitioners traditionally refer to

5106-564: The MNAO and the first two MONABs in the United Kingdom was considered. The Admiralty had no suitable sites available so the search turned to the Royal Air Force . The Air Ministry proposed the airfield at Ludham , 11 miles (18 km) north east of Norwich , Norfolk . It was agreed to take up the offer of the fighter station to use as an HQ and forming centre, and the Royal Navy started moving into Ludham on 23 August. The station

5217-603: The MONAB Development Unit (MDU). By 1950, MONAB X was held in storage at RNAS Lossiemouth (HMS Fulmar ), however, it was decided in the autumn of that year to reactivate it at a reserve airfield and RNAS Henstridge , Somerset , was chosen. Confidential Admiralty Fleet Order (CAFO) 139/51 took MONAB 10 ( Roman numerals had been dropped) out of storage from 7 September 1951. Spring 1942 saw the initial components arrive at RNAS Yeovilton (HMS Heron ) , Somerset, approximately 12 miles (19 km) from RNAS Henstridge, and by

5328-511: The MONAB decommissioned on 10 November 1945. Formed up in December 1944 at RNAS Ludham, commissioned as HMS Nabswick and sailed to Australia on 1 February 1945. It lodged at RNAS Nowra until eventually it took over RAAF Jervis Bay, on 1 May. A Fleet Requirements Unit was in operation and the MONAB supported disembarked squadrons from HMS Implacable , HMS Formidable , HMS Glory , HMS Colossus and HMS Vengeance , between May and October. It took over

5439-495: The MONAB hosted disembarked squadrons from HMS  Speaker , HMS  Slinger , HMS  Ruler , HMS Indefatigable , HMS Indomitable , HMS Victorious , HMS  Venerable , HMS  Glory and HMS  Implacable . Following V-J Day, MONAB III decommissioned on 15 November. Formed at RNAS Ludham in November 1944, commissioned as HMS Nabaron and sailed also for Australia in January 1945. It reached Manus Island in

5550-772: The Mobile Storage unit was unnecessary, therefore, in February it was broken up, sections were allocated to a number of escort carriers and sent to Ponam Island to support MONAB IV and the Forward Aircraft Pool, and to TAMY I at RNAMY Archerfield in March. 723 Naval Air Squadron , a Fleet Requirements Unit, formed in February, moving to RNAS Nowra in May, and 724 Naval Air Squadron , a Communications squadron, formed in April, moved to RNAS Schofields in March 1946. MONAB II and HMS Nabberley paid off at Bankstown Airport on 31 March 1946,

5661-466: The Royal Navy to fulfil its increasing requirements, including a required by date: Greenhills and RAAF Base Coffs Harbour were singled out for further inspection. However, the Second World War ended before anything further could be realised with these. By V-J Day , nine MONABs and a single TAMY had assembled and left the UK, and a tenth MONAB was forming at RNAS Middle Wallop. Six of the nine, and

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5772-474: The Royal Navy. These were the RAAF Station at Nowra , around 80 miles (130 km) south of the city of Sydney , and was planned as a MONAB to hold up to ninety aircraft and to have a Mobile Aircraft Torpedo Maintenance Unit (MATMU). RAAF Jervis Bay , which was about 20 miles (32 km) east of Nowra, and was also planned as a MONAB to hold up to ninety aircraft and to have a MATMU. RAAF Station Schofields

5883-541: The TAMY, had taken over air stations or establishments, but some of them were only half built in Australia. The surrender of Japan on 15 August prompted a stop to the work at RNAS Middle Wallop (HMS Flycatcher ), although MONAB X still commissioned on 1 September 1945 as HMS Nabhurst . As there was no operational need for this unit it paid off on 12 October, but its equipment, along with Mobile Repair (MR) No. 4, were kept on Care & Maintenance. MONABs XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV and

5994-533: The US and elsewhere in the Americas, a person rated for aircraft repair and maintenance is a qualified AMT ( aircraft maintenance technician ), or, colloquially, Airframe and Powerplant (A&P). A person directly designated to exercise the privilege of certification for the work is a DAR-T (Designated Airworthiness Representative – Maintenance). Roles may be further divided up. In Europe aircraft maintenance personnel must comply with Part 66, Certifying Staff, issued by

6105-464: The airbase at Nowra on 15 November, replacing MONAB I there. MONAB V decommissioned on 18 March 1946. TAMY I was assembled in December 1944 with over 1,000 personnel split across two sites, at RNAS Ludham (HMS Flycatcher ) and RNATE Risley (HMS Gosling ). It was commissioned HMS Nabsford on 1 February and sailed for Australia where it took over the former US facilities at Archerfield Airport and commissioned RNAMY Archerfield on 27 March. The TAMY used

6216-515: The airbase with the RAAF Radar School. Its role was to hold a stock of reserve aircraft, primarily Vought Corsair and Grumman Avenger, and from June through to October supported squadrons from HMS Indefatigable and HMS Victorious . Maryborough airfield was returned to the RAAF on 14 November and MONAB Vl moved to Schofields Airport, taking over from MONAB III and re-commissioned there as HMS Nabstock

6327-643: The aircraft repair ship and light aircraft carrier , HMS  Unicorn , followed by stores and equipment in November, and remaining personnel in December. The advance party arrived in Sydney in early December and moved to Bankstown Airport, the main party arrived in late January 1945 and Bankstown was transferred on loan to the Royal Navy and quickly commissioned as HMS Nabberley on 29 January. The unit could support every aircraft type in Fleet Air Arm service, including Supermarine Sea Otter and Beech Expeditor . Insufficient aircraft manufacturing targets meant that

6438-413: The airfield at Archerfield with TAMY I. It was also part based at Rocklea and here commissioned as HMS Nabreekie . Japan surrendered only one week afterwards and HMS Nabreekie eventually decommissioned on 5 November, and the majority of its ratings transferred to TAMY I. MONAB VIII assembled at RNAS Middle Wallop (HMS Flycatcher ) in May 1945, It commissioned as HMS Nabcatcher on 1 July. Designated as

6549-421: The art of well-ordering the functionings of an army, of well combining the order of troops in columns, the times of their departure, their itinerary, the means of communication necessary to assure their arrival at a named point ... The Oxford English Dictionary defines logistics as "the branch of military science relating to procuring, maintaining and transporting material, personnel and facilities". However,

6660-460: The autumn MONAB 10 was in place. The unit disbanded on 2 July 1955, but by the end of the decade the MONAB Development Unit had disappeared from official records. It was confirmed in April 1956, by the Director of Air Operations and Training, that the MONAB Development Unit had been dispersed. Also adding that its equipment, located at RNAS Henstridge and RNAS Yeovilton, was regarded obsolete. A MONAB

6771-493: The base for HMS Nabsford and HMS Nabreekie , while RAAF Maryborough was the original site for HMS Nabstock . A map of Papua New Guinea illustrates the locations of United States Navy installations from World War II, highlighting the sites of a Mobile Naval Air Base (MONAB) and a Forward Aircraft Pool. NAS Ponam Island served as the base for HMS Nabaron , while the Royal Naval Forward Aircraft Pool No. I

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6882-414: The breakdowns costs; the term is trademarked by Rolls-Royce but is the common name in the industry. It is an option for operators of several Rolls-Royce aircraft engines . Other aircraft engine manufacturers such as General Electric and Pratt & Whitney offer similar programs. Jet Support Services provides hourly cost maintenance programs independently of the manufacturers. GEMCO also offers

6993-567: The company to organize its products in different families: Other metrics may present themselves in both physical or monetary form, such as the standard inventory turnover . Unit loads are combinations of individual items which are moved by handling systems, usually employing a pallet of normed dimensions. Aircraft maintenance The maintenance of aircraft is highly regulated, in order to ensure safe and correct functioning during flight. In civil aviation national regulations are coordinated under international standards, established by

7104-514: The company's autonomy, or minimizing procurement costs while maximizing security within the supply process. Advance logistics consists of the activities required to set up or establish a plan for logistics activities to occur. Global logistics is technically the process of managing the "flow" of goods through a supply chain from its place of production to other parts of the world. This often requires an intermodal transport system via ocean, air, rail, and truck. The effectiveness of global logistics

7215-489: The complement for the new HMS Simbang which re-commissioned as RNAS Sembawang the same day. The MONAB itself was held in storage at RNAS Sembawang until the mid-1950s but it was never used. MONAB X assembled at RNAS Middle Wallop (HMS Flycatcher ) from 23 July 1945 and was intended to support Vought Corsair and Supermarine Seafire. It was planned to be installed at RAAF Station Narromine, New South Wales. It commissioned as HMS Nabhurst on 1 September, but following V-J Day it

7326-526: The control of the shore station, HMS  Tamar . MONAB IX assembled at RNAS Middle Wallop (HMS Flycatcher ) in July 1945. It commissioned on 1 August as HMS Nabrock and sailed for Australia in August, destined for RAAF Station Evans Head , New South Wales. However, after arriving in Sydney it was redirected to Singapore . HMS Nabrock and MONAB IX paid off on 15 December, however, the Ship's company were retained as

7437-455: The course of the engine life it is possible to put value back in by repair and overhaul , to sell it for its remaining useful time, or to disassemble it and sell the used parts, to extract its remaining value. Its maintenance value includes the value of life-limited parts (LLPs) and the time before overhaul . The core value is the value of its data plate and non-life-limited-parts. Engine makers deeply discount their sales, up to 90%, to win

7548-466: The disposal of waste produced during a business's operation. Reverse logistics denotes all those reusing products and materials operations. The reverse logistics process includes the management and the sale of surpluses, as well as products being returned to vendors from buyers. It is "the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods, and related information from

7659-448: The end of World War II . There were a number of units within and each unit was self-contained and designed to service and repair aircraft and engines . Each were initially assembled at the MNAO headquarters at HMS  Flycatcher , which first commissioned at RNAS Ludham , Norfolk , then later at RNAS Middle Wallop , Hampshire , both in the UK , and then were forward deployed. When

7770-495: The enemy. These were to supply personnel and material, typical of naval aviation , to facilitate naval aircraft to utilise airfields controlled by the Royal Air Force or any other Service . The TAMY was much less mobile than a MONAB and much more complex. These were not intended for the forward areas and were expected to be situated close to the main fleet, and their personnel needed to be highly skilled. They were equipped with

7881-507: The event of an emergency. The reason for enlisting emergency logistics services could be a production delay or anticipated production delay, or an urgent need for specialized equipment to prevent events such as aircraft being grounded (also known as " aircraft on ground "—AOG), ships being delayed, or telecommunications failure. Humanitarian logistics involves governments, the military, aid agencies , donors, non-governmental organizations, and emergency logistics services are typically sourced from

7992-458: The following day. The airfield returned to the RAAF and HMS Nabstock decommissioned in June 1946. MONAB VII assembled at RNAS Middle Wallop (HMS Flycatcher ) from mid-March 1945. It was conceived as a Receipt and Despatch unit. It sailed for Australia in June and arrived in Sydney on 28 July. Travelling onwards, it arrived at the former USN Seabee camp at Meeandah, near Brisbane, on 9 August and shared

8103-493: The forward and reverse flows. This can be achieved through intermodal freight transport , path optimization, vehicle saturation, and city logistics . RAM logistics (see also Logistic engineering ) combines both business logistics and military logistics since it concerns highly complicated technological systems for which reliability , availability and maintainability are essential, e.g., weapon system and military supercomputers. Asset control logistics : companies in

8214-474: The hour", provides budget predictability, avoids installing a loan unit during repairs when an aircraft part fails and enrolled aircraft may have a better value and liquidity. This concept of unscheduled maintenance was initially introduced for aircraft engines to mitigate engine failures . The term was coined by Bristol Siddeley in 1962 to support Vipers of the British Aerospace 125 business jets for

8325-739: The inbound movement of materials, parts, or unfinished inventory from suppliers to manufacturing or assembly plants, warehouses, or retail stores. Outbound logistics is the process related to the storage and movement of the final product. The related information flows from the end of the production line to the end user. Given the services performed by logisticians, the main fields of logistics can be broken down as follows: Procurement logistics consists of market research , requirements planning, make-or-buy decisions, supplier management, ordering, and order control. The targets in procurement logistics might be contradictory: maximizing efficiency by concentrating on core competencies, outsourcing while maintaining

8436-444: The internet gives rise to the need for "e-logistics". Compared to traditional logistics, e-logistics handles parcels valued at less than a hundred US dollars to customers scattered at various destinations worldwide. In e-logistics, customers' demands come in waves when compared to traditional logistics, where the demand is consistent. Inbound logistics is one of the primary logistics processes concentrating on purchasing and arranging

8547-529: The latter included mobile repair, supporting 100 aircraft (the equivalent of a TAB). A third unit was created, a Transportable Aircraft Maintenance Yard (TAMY), to provide mobile aircraft repair facilities. The initial idea of the MONAB was "the rapid provision of facilities at airfields and airstrips for the training and maintenance of naval air squadrons disembarked from carriers operating in advance of existing bases". These were not envisaged as an active shore base for naval aircraft to operate from against

8658-706: The market, increasing concerns about intellectual property sharing. Shared data-supported predictive maintenance can reduce operational disruptions. Among other factors, prognostics helped Delta Air Lines reduce maintenance cancellations by 98% from 5,600 in 2010 to 78 in 2017. Insourced maintenance can be inefficient for small airlines with a fleet below 50–60 aircraft. They have to either outsource it or sell its MRO services to other carriers for better resource utilization. For example, Spain's Air Nostrum operates 45 Bombardier CRJs and ATR 72s and its 300-person maintenance department provides line, base maintenance and limited component repair for other airlines 20% of

8769-579: The mobilisation. Vehicles for functions and roles such as: containerised workshops and offices, air traffic control and Very high frequency (VHF) and Direction finding (DF) vans, meteorological van for weather forecasting, photographic tender, bakery , electrical generating, crashtenders , ambulances , and more. The basic MONAB structure comprised a fixed set of six common elements: command, administration, repair & air maintenance, operations & training, airfield defence, and construction. The repair and maintenance components were then relevant to

8880-513: The most crucial—element of military strategy , since an armed force without resources and transportation is defenseless. The historical leaders Hannibal , Alexander the Great , and the Duke of Wellington are considered to have been logistical geniuses: Alexander's expedition benefited considerably from his meticulous attention to the provisioning of his army, Hannibal is credited to have "taught logistics" to

8991-565: The movements of materials or products from one facility to another; it does not include material flow within the production or assembly plants, such as production planning or single-machine scheduling . Logistics occupies a significant amount of the operational cost of an organisation or country. Logistical costs of organizations in the United States incurred about 11% of the United States national gross domestic product (GDP) as of 1997. In

9102-400: The multi-year stream of spares and services, resembling the razor and blades model . Engines installed on a new aircraft are discounted by at least 40% while spare engine values closely follow list prices. Accounting for 80% of a shop visit cost, LLP prices escalate to recoup the original discount, until engine availability increase with aircraft teardowns . Between 2001 and 2018 for

9213-513: The naval threat in the Atlantic was clearly vanishing, with the decline of Nazi Germany , proposals were made to involve the Royal Navy in the Pacific War . The United States Navy 's Commander-in-Chief , Admiral Ernest King , did not welcome this, however. A well-known anglophobe , King preferred to exclude the British and, in addition, he laid down operating requirements that could not be met at

9324-702: The officers of the general staff were named: marshall of lodgings, major-general of lodgings; from there came the term of logistics [ logistique ], which we employ to designate those who are in charge of the functioning of an army. The term is credited to Jomini, and the term and its etymology criticized by Georges de Chambray in 1832, writing: Logistique : Ce mot me paraît être tout-à-fait nouveau, car je ne l'avais encore vu nulle part dans la littérature militaire. … il paraît le faire dériver du mot logis , étymologie singulière … Logistic : This word appears to me to be completely new, as I have not yet seen it anywhere in military literature. … he appears to derive it from

9435-426: The organizing and planning of these activities. Logisticians combine professional knowledge of each of these functions to coordinate resources in an organization. There are two fundamentally different forms of logistics: one optimizes a steady flow of material through a network of transport links and storage nodes, while the other coordinates a sequence of resources to carry out some project , such as restructuring

9546-585: The places they are needed. Supply chain management in military logistics often deals with a number of variables in predicting cost, deterioration, consumption , and future demand. The United States Armed Forces ' categorical supply classification was developed in such a way that categories of supply with similar consumption variables are grouped together for planning purposes. For instance, peacetime consumption of ammunition and fuel will be considerably lower than wartime consumption of these items, whereas other classes of supply such as subsistence and clothing have

9657-409: The point of consumption to the point of origin to recapture value or proper disposal." More precisely, reverse logistics moves goods from their typical final destination to capture value or proper disposal. The opposite of reverse logistics is forward logistics . ' Green logistics describes all attempts to measure and minimize the ecological impact of logistics activities, including all activities of

9768-429: The products made by a factory are ready for consumption they still need to be moved along the distribution network according to some logic, and the distribution center aggregates and processes orders coming from different areas of the territory. That being said, from a modeling perspective, there are similarities between operations management and logistics, and companies sometimes use hybrid professionals, with for example

9879-476: The retail channels, both organized retailers and suppliers, often deploy assets required for the display, preservation, and promotion of their products. Some examples are refrigerators, stands, display monitors, seasonal equipment, poster stands & frames. Emergency logistics (or humanitarian logistics ) is a term used by the logistics, supply chain, and manufacturing industries to denote specific time-critical modes of transport used to move goods rapidly in

9990-473: The right time at the right place for the right price in the right condition to the right customer". Business logistics incorporates all industry sectors and aims to manage the fruition of project life cycles , supply chains , and resultant efficiencies. The term business logistics has evolved since the 1960s due to the increasing complexity of supplying businesses with materials and shipping out products in an increasingly globalized supply chain, leading to

10101-436: The site of HMS Nabberley ; RAAF Station Schofields, home to HMS Nabthorpe and subsequently HMS Nabstock ; and RAAF Jervis Bay, the original base for HMS Nabswick . A map of Queensland, Australia, illustrates the locations of Royal Australian Air Force installations, highlighting where a Mobile Operational Naval Air Base (MONAB) and a Transportable Air Maintenance Yard (TAMY) were stationed. RAAF Station Archerfield served as

10212-457: The station returning to RAAF control. Assembled at RNAS Ludlam from mid-October 1944, commissioned as HMS Nabthorpe on 4 December, sailed for Australia and reached Sydney on 27 January 1945. It commissioned at RAAF Station Schofields on 18 February. A Crew Pool and Refresher Flying Squadron , a Supermarine Seafire Operational Training Unit and an Instrument Flying Training Squadron were based at HMS Nabthorpe . Between March and September

10323-415: The terms French : maréchal des logis , lit.   'marshall of lodgings' and French : major-général des logis , lit.   'major-general of lodging': Autrefois les officiers de l’état-major se nommaient: maréchal des logis, major-général des logis; de là est venu le terme de logistique, qu’on emploie pour désigner ce qui se rapporte aux marches d’une armée. Formerly

10434-408: The terms operations or production management when referring to physical transformations taking place in a single business location (factory, restaurant or even bank clerking) and reserve the term logistics for activities related to distribution, that is, moving products on the territory. Managing a distribution center is seen, therefore, as pertaining to the realm of logistics since, while in theory,

10545-404: The time the fleet returned to Ceylon but at that point they were then no longer required. The Director Naval Air Division (DNAD) drafted requirements for mobile bases in October 1942 and following a meeting in November the concept of a mobile naval airfield was created. In September 1943, Colonel Fuller, RM , was appointed as Senior Officer Mobile Naval Airfields Organisation (SOMNAO) and this

10656-476: The time. Airframe heavy maintenance is worth $ 6 billion in 2019: $ 2.9 billion for C checks and $ 3.1 billion for D checks , Aviation Week & Space Technology forecasts a growth to $ 7.5 billion in 2028 — $ 3.1 billion C and $ 4.2 billion D — for $ 70 billion over 10 years, 10% of the overall market compared to 40% for the engines. The commercial aviation engine MRO market is anticipated by Aviation Week & Space Technology to be $ 25.9 billion in 2018,

10767-676: The time. One of these was that the Royal Navy should be self-sustaining and independent of United States Navy (USN) logistical resources for extended periods of active service. King was effectively overruled, and the Royal Navy began establishing an adequate logistical infrastructure which included MONABs During the Second World War , to meet the Royal Navy Eastern Fleet 's requirements, to provide serviceable aircraft for aircraft carriers , along with trained aircrew , airbases were constructed in Africa. They were just about completed by

10878-519: The units role: Where specific situations arose, some additional non-technical components could be attached to a MONAB to meet an exact need. For these units it is unknown what size the personnel levels were: With the exception of MONAB II and TAMY I, all mobile airfield units were formed with one Mobile Maintenance element and two Maintenance Servicing elements. Each Mobile Repair element and Maintenance, Storage & Reserve element were attached to each unit where needed. The number of personnel for

10989-473: The word lodgings [ logis ], a peculiar etymology … Chambray also notes that the term logistique was present in the Dictionnaire de l'Académie française as a synonym for algebra . The French word: logistique is a homonym of the existing mathematical term, from Ancient Greek : λογῐστῐκός , romanized :  logistikós , a traditional division of Greek mathematics ; the mathematical term

11100-411: Was a time-consuming activity that could take up to 70% of the order-cycle time. However, with new technologies such as bar code scanning, computers, and network connection, customer orders can quickly reach the seller in no time, and the availability of stocks can be checked in real time. The purpose of having an inventory is to reduce the overall logistical cost while improving service to customers. Having

11211-598: Was also chosen and was initially planned to support fighter squadrons. The airbase was located approximately 30 miles (48 km) west of Sydney. Bankstown Airport , which was 12 miles (19 km) south west of Sydney, was needed as a Receipt and Despatch Unit and possess the ability for assembling seventy aircraft at first, then rising to two-hundred per month. By May 1945 it was clear the programme of works at these four airfields were overrunning. To mitigate, other airfields that needed less adjustments than those already selected, were considered. These sites were put forward by

11322-568: Was commissioned on 4 September as HMS Flycatcher , Headquarters Mobile Naval Airfields Organisation. The Mobile Naval Airfield Organisation (MNAO) was eventually made up of two different types of unit : the Mobile Operational Naval Air Base (MONAB) and the Transportable Aircraft Maintenance Yard (TAMY). Initially, a Mobile Naval Airfield Unit (MNAU) was the first type of mobile unit conceived. This

11433-515: Was decommissioned on 12 October. The unit was retained by the MNAO for trials and development usage. The geographical distribution of MONAB operational facilities worldwide. A map of New South Wales , Australia, illustrates the Royal Australian Air Force installations , where a Mobile Naval Air Base (MONAB) was established. These include RAAF Station Nowra, which accommodated HMS Nabbington and later HMS Nabswick ; Bankstown Airport,

11544-414: Was designed to have all of the effectiveness of a naval air station , or an aircraft carrier, and could be conveyed to any spot around the world . It was made up of a number of non-technical and technical units. There were non-technical units such as a command & executive unit , a medical unit , stores, a flying control unit and a radio & radar unit. The technical units included componenets such as

11655-489: Was effectively the beginning of the Mobile Naval Airfields Organisation (MNAO). November saw a proposed structure and size for a MNAO and at the beginning of 1944 the plan for the location of operations was likely to be Ceylon. However, in the spring a British Pacific Fleet was to form and the plan for the location of the operations moved to Australia. On 1 August 1944, the formation of a headquarters for

11766-463: Was either coined or popularized by Swiss military officer and writer Antoine-Henri Jomini , who defined it in his Summary of the Art of War ( Précis de l'Art de la Guerre ). The term appears in the 1830 edition, then titled Analytic Table ( Tableau Analytique ), and Jomini explains that it is derived from French : logis , lit.   'lodgings' (cognate to English lodge ), in

11877-475: Was envisaged to be set up in forward areas . The second type of unit devised was a Transportable Air Base (TAB) which was more akin to an aircraft repair yard. Due to the modular "component" system an MNAU could be upgraded to a TAB if required. However, these had developed and renamed Mobile Operational Naval Air Base by the middle of 1944 and there became a type A (Small) and a type B (Large). The former providing mobile maintenance , supporting 50 aircraft and

11988-500: Was established at NAS Pityilu Airfield. A map of Hong Kong indicating the location of Kai Tak, the site where the MONAB HMS Nabaron was stationed. Logistics Logistics is the part of supply chain management that deals with the efficient forward and reverse flow of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption according to the needs of customers. Logistics management

12099-461: Was scheduled to be commissioned on 12 July, therefore as an interim measure the MNAO was to be accommodated across three sites: RNAS Fearn (HMS Owl ) , Ross-shire , Scotland, RNAS Inskip (HMS Nightjar ) and RNAE Risley (HMS Gosling ), both in Lancashire , England, whilst awaiting a move to their new home. The Mobile Naval Airfield Organisation's name was changed to reflect its new role, becoming

12210-437: Was spent on modern models ( Boeing 787 , Embraer E-Jet , Airbus A350XWB and A380 ). In 2018, the commercial aviation industry expended $ 88 billion for MRO, while military aircraft required $ 79.6 billion, including field maintenance. Airliner MRO is forecast to reach $ 115 billion by 2028, a 4% compound annual growth rate from $ 77.4 billion in 2018. Major airframe manufacturers Airbus , Boeing and Embraer entered

12321-448: Was used to assemble the MONABs at around one per month, however, at the end of 1944 Ludham was returned to the RAF, and swapped for the Royal Air Force station at Middle Wallop , Hampshire . The MNAO HQ, HMS Flycatcher, moved in and the airbase was known as Royal Naval Air Station Middle Wallop. In November 1944 four Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) airfields were chosen for transfer to

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