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26-473: Mizo Hlakungpui Mual (Mizo Poets' Square) is a monument to commemorate Mizo poets. It was set up in 1986 at the southern edge of Khawbung Village, Mizoram state, North-East India , about 100 miles northwest of Chittagong , Bangladesh . In time, the local people decided to include all the Mizo Poets and writers who deserved recognition for their contributions to Mizo literature . The Committee agreed, and

52-407: A keyboard mapping (such as US international ) has a dead key for the circumflex , ^ , the character â can be generated by first pressing ^ and then a . Usually, the diacritic itself can be generated as a free-standing character by pressing the dead key followed by space ; so a caret (free-standing circumflex) can be typed by pressing ^ and then Space . The dead key

78-451: A , the result is â . On a Macintosh, pressing one of these Option-key combinations creates the accent and highlights it, then the final character appears when the key for the base character is pressed. However, some accented Latin letters less common in the major Western European languages, such as ŵ (used in Welsh ) or š (used in many Central European languages), cannot be typed with

104-481: A distinction between high and low tone, and falling and rising tones developed from syllable-final h and glottal stop, which themselves often reflect earlier consonants. The eight tones and intonations that the vowel a (and the vowels aw , e , i , u , which constitutes all the tones in Mizo) can have are shown by the letter sequence p - a - n - g , as follows: Note that the exact orthography of tones with diacritics

130-803: A leading newspaper in Mizoram, Vanglaini , the magazine Kristian Ṭhalai , and other publishers began using Á , À , Ä , É , È , Ë , Í , Ì , Ï , Ó , Ò , Ö , Ú , Ù , Ü to indicate the long intonations and tones. However, this does not differentiate the different intonations that short tones can have. The following is a sample text in Mizo of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights : Mizo: Mi zawng zawng hi zalèna piang kan ni a, zahawmna leh dikna chanvoah intluk tlâng vek kan ni. Chhia leh ṭha hriatna fîm neia siam kan nih avangin kan mihring puite chungah inunauna thinlung kan pu tlat tur

156-552: A ni. English: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience. Therefore, they should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Mizo has a thriving literature, which has both written and oral traditions . It has undergone a considerable change in the 20th century. The Mizoram Press Information Bureau lists some twenty Mizo daily newspapers just in Aizawl city, as of March 2013. Dead keys For example, if

182-423: A number of other languages. For convenience, they are generated on most keyboards supporting them, by pressing the two corresponding deadkeys in any order, followed by the letter key. Therefore, these dead keys are chained , which means that the second keystroke does not trigger any insertion, the system being still awaiting another key press. This chained dead key behavior is toggled by the dead key flag , which

208-440: A substantial number of words in common. Mizo has eight tones and intonations for each of the vowels a , aw , e , i and u , four of which are reduced tones and the other four long tones. The vowel o has only three tones, all of them of the reduced type. The vowels can be represented as follows: Mizo has the following triphthongs : Mizo has the following consonants, with the first symbol being its orthographical form and

234-467: Is mechanical in origin, and "dead" means without movement. On mechanical typebar typewriters, all characters are of equal width. As a key is pressed, a metal typebar strikes the character onto an inked ribbon, transferring ink to the paper, and a mechanism is triggered which causes the paper (inserted in a carriage ) to move forward one space. To use a single diacritic, such as the acute accent , with multiple foundation characters (such as á, é, í, ó, ú )

260-587: Is achieved by adding the particle lo (not) at the end of a sentence: The Mizo alphabet is based on the Roman alphabet and has 25 letters. In its current form, it was devised by the first Christian missionaries of Mizoram, J. H. Lorrain and F. W. Savidge, based on the Hunterian system of transliteration . A circumflex ^ was later added to the vowels to indicate long vowels, viz., Â , Ê , Î , Ô , Û , which were insufficient to fully express Mizo tone. Recently,

286-755: Is mainly based on the Lusei dialect but it has also derived many words from its surrounding Mizo clans. The language is also known as Duhlian and Lushai , a colonial term, as the Duhlian people were the first among the Mizo people to be encountered by the British in the course of their colonial expansion . Mizo is related to the other languages of the Sino-Tibetan language family . The Kuki-Chin-Mizo languages (which native Mizo speakers call Zohnahthlâk ṭawngho / Mizo ṭawngho ) have

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312-447: Is no precomposed character to combine the acute accent with the letter q , striking ´ and then q is likely to result in ´q , with the accent and letter as separate characters. However, in most systems, the invalid typing sequence may be discarded. Unicode encoded over one hundred precomposed characters with two diacritics , for use in Latin script for Vietnamese and

338-450: Is still not standardised (notably for differentiating the four short tones with confusive or conflicting choices of diacritics) except for the differentiation of long tones by using the circumflex from short tones. As well, the need of at least seven diacritics may cause complications to design easy keyboard layouts, even if they use dead keys and even if not all basic Latin letters are needed for Mizo itself, and so publications may represent

364-543: Is the fourth argument of the DEADTRANS function (after the base character code, the diacritic code, and the composed character code). If this flag is set to its default value zero, the composed character is inserted; if it is set to one, the composed character code is handled as another diacritic code like those due to dead key presses, and occurs typically as a second argument in other dead list entries. Chaining dead keys allows for compose key emulation by simply using

390-404: The mapping of the keyboard for the next keystroke, which activates a special keyboard mode rather than actually generating a modifier character . Instead of the normal letter, a precomposed variant, with the appropriate diacritic, is generated. Each combination of a diacritic and a base letter must be specified in the character set and must be supported by the computer font in use. There

416-432: The "US" layout. For users with US keyboards, access to many more diacritics is provided by the " US International " keyboard layout. Users with UK keyboards have a similar option with UK extended layout; many other national settings are available. In AmigaOS , dead keys are generated by pressing Alt in combination with F (acute), G (grave), H (circumflex), J (tilde) or K ( trema ) (e.g.,

442-634: The absence of a default dead key, even a normal printing key can temporarily be altered to function as a dead key by simultaneously holding down another modifier key (typically AltGr or Option ). In Microsoft Word (and in most other text-input fields), using the Control key with a key that usually resembles the diacritic (e.g. ^ for a circumflex ) acts as a dead key. On the Macintosh , many keyboard layouts employ dead keys. For example, when ⌥ Option + i are first pressed simultaneously and then followed by

468-567: The dead key feature. This may be performed either with proprietary keyboard editing software, or with driver development kits. A key may function as a dead key by default, and many non-English keyboard layouts in particular have dead keys directly on the keyboard. The basic US keyboard does not have any dead keys, but the US-International keyboard layout , available on Windows and the X Window System , places some dead keys directly on similar-looking punctuation marks. Keyboards sold in most of

494-421: The decision was made to create a new character, the acute accent or diacritic ´ , which did not exist in typesetting as of that date. Due to a change in the mechanism, striking the key containing the accent did not advance the paper (the key was "dead" or non- spacing ), meaning it could be followed by any character that was to appear under the acute accent, producing an overstruck character. This second key moved

520-412: The key to be modified. In some computer systems, there is no indication to the user that a dead key has been struck, so the key appears dead (nothing immediately happens), but in some text-entry systems, the diacritic is displayed, along with an indication that the system is waiting for another keystroke to complete the typing sequence. Computers, however, work differently. The dead key temporarily changes

546-403: The paper carriage forward. Note that with mechanical keyboards, the acute accent could be followed by any character, to create new combinations such as q with acute accent. A dead key is different from a typical modifier key (such as AltGr or ⌥ Option ), in that rather than being pressed and held while another key is struck, the dead key is pressed and released before striking

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572-646: The rest of the world have an AltGr (Alternative graphic) key, which gives the ability to modify some letters directly and turns others into dead keys (depending on keyboard setting). Old computer systems, such as the MSX , often had a special key labeled dead key , which in combination with the Ctrl and Shift keys could be used to add some of the diacritics commonly needed in the Western European languages ( ´ , ` , ˆ and ¨ ) to vowels that were typed subsequently. In

598-455: The second one its representation in the IPA : As Mizo is a tonal language , differences in pitch and pitch contour can change the meanings of words. Tone systems have developed independently in many daughter languages, largely by simplifications in the set of possible syllable-final and syllable-initial consonants. Typically, a distinction between voiceless and voiced initial consonants is replaced by

624-880: The selection procedures go as – Writers who have produced at least 3–4 books, and have had a prolonged influence on Mizo literature would be selected while Poets whose songs/poems have exceptional literary value would also be included. Writers/poets may only be included in Hlakungpui Mual five years after their death. Patea composed 55 poems whose lyrics and harmonies expressed deeply traditional Mizo sentiments. His lyrics are mainly about lamentation, praise and heavenly sentiments. Damhauhva wrote 51 poems highly prized for their literary qualities in Mizo poetry. His poetical words emphasizing natural beauties and its harmonies are well matched. He composed many fine poems. The values of human life with regards to nature are expressed with poetical words. The Silver Jubilee of Mizo Hlakungpui Mual

650-665: The short tones using digrams (e.g. by appending some apostrophe or glottal letter) to reduce the number of diacritics needed to only four (those used now for the long tones) on only two dead keys. In Mizo verb tense is indicated by the aspect and the addition of particles, such as: Mizo gerunds and past participles are formed by a change in word ending called tihdanglamna . Mizo nouns undergo declension into cases . Nouns are pluralised by suffixing -te , -ho , -teho or -hote . All Mizo pronouns occur in two forms, namely in free form and clitic form and are declined into cases. For declarative sentences, negation

676-837: Was celebrated on 6–7 April 2011 at the Poets' Square site in Khawbung, Mizoram, India. Mizo language Mizo is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken mainly in the Indian state of Mizoram , where it is the official language and lingua franca . It is the mother tongue of the Mizo people and some members of the Mizo diaspora . Other than Mizoram, it is also spoken in Meghalaya , Manipur , Tripura , and Assam states of India, Sagaing Region and Chin State in Myanmar, and Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. It

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