Mito Castle was a 12th-century Japanese castle with an extensive history, now in ruins, located in what was Hitachi Province . The castle ruins are located in the city of Mito , Ibaraki Prefecture , Japan .
24-652: The castle was originally constructed in 1214 by Baba Sukemoto. This clan continued the rule of the castle, until it was taken in 1416 by Edo Michifusa. It was originally named Baba castle, however after it was taken by the Edo clan , it was expanded and given its present name. During the Edo Era the castle was held by the Mito branch of the Tokugawa clan , one of the Gosanke , three branch families of
48-598: A hatamoto with income of about 8,000 koku or greater was taishin hatamoto ("greater hatamoto "). The hatamoto who lived in Edo resided in their own private districts and oversaw their own police work and security . Men from hatamoto ranks could serve in a variety of roles in the Tokugawa administration, including service in the police force as yoriki inspectors, city magistrates , magistrates or tax collectors of direct Tokugawa house land, members of
72-580: A lancer, and an archer on standby. Infrequently, some hatamoto were granted an increase in income and thus promoted to the rank of fudai daimyō . One example of such a promotion is the case of the Hayashi family of Kaibuchi (later known as Jōzai han ), who began as jikatatori hatamoto but who became fudai daimyōs and went on to play a prominent role in the Boshin War , despite their domain's relatively small size of 10,000 koku . The term for
96-491: A recognized clan. Tombstones of several generations of the clan are at Keigen-ji, a Buddhist temple founded in 1186 by Edo Shigenaga, in Kitami. This Japanese history–related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Hatamoto A hatamoto ( 旗本 , "Guardian of the banner") was a high ranking samurai in the direct service of the Tokugawa shogunate of feudal Japan . While all three of
120-596: Is now Tokyo's western Setagaya Ward . Records show that in 1457, Edo Shigeyasu surrendered his main base at Edo to Ōta Dōkan . Dokan was a vassal of the powerful Ōgigayatsu branch of the Uesugi clan under Uesugi Sadamasa . Sadamasa was the Kanto-Kanrei for the Ashikaga . Dokan built Edo Castle on the site. The Edo clan then moved to Kitami . In 1593, in a pledge of obedience to Tokugawa Ieyasu , Edo Katsutada changed
144-549: The shogun , whereas gokenin did not. The word hatamoto literally means "origin/base of the flag", with the sense of 'around the flag', it is described in Japanese as 'those who guard the flag' (on the battlefield) and is often translated into English as " bannerman ". Another term for the Edo-era hatamoto was jikisan hatamoto ( 直参旗本 ) , sometimes rendered as "direct shogunal hatamoto ", which serves to illustrate
168-485: The wakadoshiyori council, and many other positions. The expression "eighty thousand hatamoto " ( 旗本八万旗 , hatamoto hachimanhata ) was in popular use to denote their numbers, but a 1722 study put their numbers at about 5,000. Adding the gokenin brought the number up to about 17,000. Famous hatamoto include Jidayu Koizumi , Nakahama Manjirō , Ōoka Tadasuke , Tōyama Kagemoto , Katsu Kaishū , Enomoto Takeaki , Hijikata Toshizō , Nagai Naoyuki , and
192-468: The kuramaitori , who took their incomes straight from Tokugawa granaries, and the jikatatori , who held land scattered throughout Japan. Another level of status distinction amongst the hatamoto was the class of kōtai-yoriai , men who were heads of hatamoto families and held provincial fiefs, and had alternate attendance ( sankin-kōtai ) duties like the daimyōs . However, as kōtai-yoriai were men of very high income in terms of
216-624: The shogun . Hatamoto appeared as figures in popular culture even before the Edo era ended. Recent depictions of hatamoto include in the TV series Hatchōbori no Shichinin , the manga Fūunjitachi Bakumatsu-hen , and Osamu Tezuka 's manga Hidamari no ki . The real-time strategy video game series Age of Empires features hatamoto in its Age of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties expansion, again in Age of Empires IV as Samurai Bannermen, in both games they are especially powerful variants of
240-627: The Akamatsu , Besshō (branch of the Akamatsu), Hōjō , Hatakeyama , Kanamori (branch of the Toki), Imagawa , Mogami (branch of the Ashikaga), Nagai , Oda , Ōtomo , Takeda , Toki , Takenaka (branch of the Toki), Takigawa , Tsutsui , and Yamana families. The act of becoming a hatamoto was known as bakushin toritate ( 幕臣取立て ) . Many hatamoto fought in the Boshin War of 1868, on both sides of
264-670: The Meiji period . Little of the Castle now remains, except moats , one gate and the Kodokan , a school that was located in front of the castle. There are several modern schools located on the castle's former site, which have gates and fences done in the style of a castle. Edo clan The Edo clan ( Japanese : 江戸氏, Edo-shi ) was a Japanese samurai family who first fortified the settlement known as Edo , which would later become Tokyo . The Imperial Palace now stands at this location. The clan
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#1733085607983288-455: The Takeda , Hōjō , or Imagawa were included, as were cadet branches of lord families. Also included were heirs to lords whose domains were confiscated , for example Asano Daigaku, the brother of Asano Naganori , local power figures in remote parts of the country who never became daimyōs ; and the families of Kamakura and Muromachi periods Shugo (Governors): some of these include
312-450: The shogunates in Japanese history had official retainers, in the two preceding ones, they were referred to as gokenin . However, in the Edo period , hatamoto were the upper vassals of the Tokugawa house, and the gokenin were the lower vassals. There was no precise difference between the two in terms of income level, but a hatamoto had the right to an audience with
336-648: The Edo grew in military strength under the second patriarch, Edo Shigenaga . In August 1180, Shigenaga attacked Muira Yoshizumi , an ally of the rival Minamoto clan . Three months later, he switched sides just as Minamoto no Yoritomo entered Musashi . Shigenaga assisted the Minamoto in overthrowing the Taira clan in Kyoto . In return, Yoritomo granted Shigenaga seven new estates in Musashi Province , including Kitami in what
360-451: The Tokugawa that could provide an heir if necessary. The Mito branch was founded by Yorifusa Tokugawa , the 11th son of Ieyasu Tokugawa , the first Tokugawa shōgun. The proximity of Mito to Edo meant that the Mito branch of the family was influential throughout the Edo era. A large fire destroyed many of the buildings in 1764. The castle was decommissioned, as were many castles in Japan, during
384-420: The clan name to Kitami . Katsutada was employed by the first and second Tokugawa shōguns , reaching the position of Magistrate of Sakai , south of Osaka . Katsutada's grandson-in-law, Shigemasa, found favor with the fifth shōgun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi . He rose from the position of hatamoto , with a stipend of one thousand koku , to sobayonin , or "Grand Chamberlain", with a stipend of twenty thousand. It
408-409: The conflict. The hatamoto remained retainers of the main Tokugawa clan after the fall of the shogunate in 1868, and followed the Tokugawa to their new domain of Shizuoka . The hatamoto lost their status along with all other samurai in Japan following the abolition of the domains in 1871. The division between hatamoto and gokenin , especially amongst hatamoto of lower rank,
432-448: The difference between them and the preceding generation of hatamoto who served various lords. The term hatamoto originated in the Sengoku period . The term was used for the direct retainers of a lord; as the name suggests, the men who were grouped "around of the flag". Many lords had hatamoto ; however, when the Tokugawa clan achieved ascendancy in 1600, its hatamoto system
456-562: The spectrum of hatamoto stipends, not all jikatatori hatamoto had the duty of alternate attendance. The dividing line between the upper hatamoto and the fudai daimyōs '—the domain lords who were also vassals of the Tokugawa house—was 10,000 koku . At the beginning of the 18th century, about 5,000 samurai held the rank of hatamoto ; over two thirds of these had an income of less than 400 koku and only about 100 earned 5,000 koku or more. A hatamoto with 500 koku had seven permanent non-samurai servants, two swordsmen,
480-426: The two Westerners William Adams and Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn . Hatamoto patronized the development of the martial arts in the Edo period; many of them were involved in the running of dojo in the Edo area and elsewhere. Two hatamoto who were directly involved in the development of the martial arts were Yagyū Munenori and Yamaoka Tesshū . Munenori's family became hereditary sword instructors to
504-467: Was institutionalized , and it is to that system which is mainly referred to now when using the term. In the eyes of the Tokugawa shogunate, hatamoto were retainers who had served the family from its days in Mikawa onward. However, the ranks of the hatamoto also included people from outside the hereditary ranks of the Tokugawa house. Retainer families of defeated formerly grand families like
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#1733085607983528-639: Was a branch of the Taira clan . During the Azuchi–Momoyama period , the clan was renamed the Kitami clan. The clan originated in Chichibu in Musashi Province (now Saitama Prefecture ). In the late 12th century, Edo Shigetsugu moved south and fortified the little hill at Edo, located where the Sumida River enters Tokyo Bay . This area later became the Honmaru and Ninomaru portions of Edo Castle . There,
552-426: Was an influential post, responsible for relaying messages between the shōgun and his senior councilors. He was also awarded a large domain in 1686. However, the clan's fortunes suddenly plummeted. In 1689, Shigemasa's nephew violated the shogunate taboo on bloodshed. Shigemasa had to forfeit his status and property and was banished to Ise, where he died in 1693 at age 36. The 500-year-old Edo clan essentially ceased as
576-452: Was not rigid, and the title of hatamoto had more to do with rank rather than income rating. In the context of an army , it could be compared to the position of an officer . Throughout the Edo period, hatamoto held the distinction that if they possessed high enough rank, they had the right to personal audience with the shogun (these hatamoto were known as ome-mie ijō ). All hatamoto can be divided into two categories,
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