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17-586: The Missionary Office ( 宣教使 , senkyōshi ) was one of the government offices in Japan during the Meiji period (1868-1912). Ths mission was found to be too socially divisive and it was abolished in 1872 and replaced with the Ministry of Religion which was presented as neutral between Shinto and Buddhism Ministry of Religion (Japan) It was abolished in response to arguments for separation of church and state and

34-485: Is usually viewed as a small, militant offshoot from Jōdo Shinshū Buddhism , though the name has a complex history. Originally, Ikkō-shū was an "obscure band of Pure Land proponents" founded by Ikkō Shunjō in the fifteenth century. He was a disciple of Ryōchū of the Chinzei branch of Jōdo-shū Buddhism and similar to Ippen 's Ji-shū. However, when the religious and military-political establishment began to crack down on

51-569: The Bureau of Shrines and Temples taking over much of its functions. On April 21, 1872, the Ministry of Divinities was reorganized into the Ministry of Religion. The Ministry of Popular Affairs , and established by merging the Ministry of Popular Affairs Shakaiji Kake. Following the failure of the national teaching based on Shinto and Confucianism by the Missionary Office established within

68-639: The Ikkō-ikki revolts and the growing power of the Jōdo Shinshū , the sect's fortress-temples Ishiyama Hongan-ji and Nagashima (built at the end of the 15th century) were eventually destroyed by Oda Nobunaga 's armies. The fortress at Nagashima was razed to the ground in 1574, taking about 20,000 people with it. The Ishiyama Hongan-ji withstood the longest siege in Japanese history before surrendering in 1580. Upon its ruins, Toyotomi Hideyoshi built Osaka Castle ,

85-556: The Nembutsu , little distinction was made between the various factions. Most of Ikkō Shunjo's followers therefore defected to the more powerful Jōdo Shinshū and the name Ikkō-shū ultimately became synonymous with Jōdo Shinshū . Rennyo , the charismatic leader of the Hongan-ji branch of Jōdo Shinshū, responded to this situation by clarifying the positive religious meaning of Ikkō (single-minded) whilst simultaneously distancing himself from

102-860: The Shinbutsu bunri , supported the Meiji Restoration , especially the Defeat the Shogunate Movement  [ ja ] However, the Ikkō-shū led to a growing opposition to the government from within the Jōdo Shinshu sect, and the Ministry's measures ran into a deadlock. When the Ministry's measures ran into a deadlock, the Jodo Shinshu movement withdrew from the organization from the standpoint of separation of church and state. The Great Teaching Institute , which

119-573: The antinomian behaviour of the original Ikkō sect. In his pastoral letters, known as Ofumi or Gobunsho , he therefore wrote: "It has been established with certainty that our Founder did not particularly name our school the "Ikkō-shū". On the whole, the reason the people call us this is that we place our complete reliance, exclusively, on Amida Buddha ... However, the Founder has specifically named this sect "Jōdo Shinshū". Therefore, you must understand that we of our sect did not originate in any manner or form

136-642: The Ministry of Education was kyosei , and in order to further promote the teaching of the people, the Great Teaching Institute was established to oversee the entire nation, the Chukyoin ( 中教院 ) to oversee each prefectural unit, and the Shukyoin ( 小教院 ) were established throughout the country. However, the Great Teaching Institute did not achieve much due to serious conflicts of opinion between

153-550: The Shinto priesthood, the largest religious force of the time, Buddhism , especially Jōdo Shinshū , which was the largest religious force at the time. While implementing modern religious policies such as the lifting of the prohibition of Christianity and the lifting of Nyonin Kinsei in shrines and temples, the Department of Divinities was unable to achieve the national indoctrination that

170-588: The Shintoists, who were then up-and-coming, and the Jodo Shinshu , who had maintained their old power. The Ministry of Religion was created in response to the failure of the missionary policies of the Divine Council and the missionary messengers, but ultimately resulted in its abolition. One of the reasons for this was the confusion in the religious administration at the time. The government initially intended to use

187-526: The authority and grounding of traditional religions to defend Christianity and to teach the people about the new system after the Restoration, but in order to establish a modern state , the Separation of church and state and freedom of religion as basic policies of the state were inevitable, and the lifting of the ban on Christianity became essential for diplomatic relations with Western countries. In addition,

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204-452: The government was skeptical of the existence of the Ministry of Religion, believing that the objectives of missionary policy could be achieved through the establishment of The Modern School System , and the above confusion caused the existing religious forces to move left and right. The above confusion caused the existing religious forces to move to the right and left. In the midst of such confusion, Buddhist forces, which had been outnumbered by

221-476: The main hall of Zojoji Temple was taken over as the Great Teaching Institute and used as the worship hall of the Great Teaching Institute's Temple. Furthermore, the temple's rituals required the participation and worship of priests, which angered some of the Buddhist authorities (some priests, on the other hand, enthusiastically expressed their blessing by displaying banners and other symbols). Later, on January 1, 1874,

238-467: The name of "One-Mind Sect." The Amida pietist movement, and in particular the Jōdo Shinshū, also provided a liberation theology (or ideology ) for a wave of uprisings against the feudal system in late-fifteenth and sixteenth century Japan which are known as the Ikkō-ikki revolts. The causes of this phenomenon are disputed, but may have had both religious and sociopolitical causes. As a consequence of

255-461: The old main building of Zojoji Temple was burned down by arsonists from the former Satsuma Clan, who were opposed to the establishment of a shrine in the Buddhist temple. The shintai was temporarily moved to Shiba Tōshō-gū , and then to a temple newly established by Shinto forces at the Bureau of Shinto Affairs . Secretary of Education Daisuke Kobe Teaching position Ikk%C5%8D-sh%C5%AB Ikkō-shū ( 一向宗 ) or "single-minded school"

272-670: Was required by the Interlocutors. In order to realize national indoctrination, which the Department of Divinities was unable to achieve, a system of Kyodo Shoku was established, and the Great Teaching Institute was used for national indoctrination and Proclamation of the Great Doctrine campaign. The Ministry of Religion was a voluntary sector appointment system. Religious figures—such as shinkans , Kannushis , Bhikkhus , Rakugoka  [ ja ] , Waka poets, haiku poets —were also appointed as instructors. The highest rank in

289-506: Was the national governing body for the Ministry of Religion, was established within Zojoji Temple in Shiba, Tokyo . The establishment of the Great Teaching Institute was a Buddhist initiative, and Zojoji's donation of facilities was voluntary, but when Shinto forces began to take control, the temple refused to accept the donation. However, the dedication of Zojoji Temple went ahead as planned, and

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