65-578: Miss California USA is the beauty pageant that selects the representative for the state of California in the Miss USA pageant, and the name of the title held by that winner. The pageant is directed by Crown Diva Productions. California's most successful placements were in 1959 , 1966 , 1975 , 1983 , 1992 , and 2011 , when Terry Huntingdon , Maria Remenyi , Summer Bartholomew , Julie Hayek , Shannon Marketic , and Alyssa Campanella , respectively, were crowned Miss USA. The current Miss California USA
130-573: A "Bathing Girl Revue" competition as the centerpiece of its attractions. The event was the kick-off of the summer tourist season in the city and was carried forward annually. The event quickly became known outside of Texas and, beginning in 1926, the world's first international contest was added, known as the International Pageant of Pulchritude . This contest is said to have served as a model for modern pageants. It featured contestants from England, Russia, Turkey , and many other nations and
195-960: A Child Beauty Queen , which garnered much attention. Additionally, TLC , also an American network, has created shows such as Toddlers & Tiaras and King of the Crown , the former dedicated to the world of high glitz child pageantry and the latter to the world of pageant coaching. While most beauty pageants cater strictly to girls, there is a growing number that includes boys as well. Often, age divisions for boys run through age 6 with very few going beyond that due to lack of participation and public perception. Age divisions will often have names such as "Baby Miss", "Petite Miss", "Little Miss" and more. Age divisions are generally broken as follows: 0–11 months, 12–23 months, 1–3 years, 4–6 years, 7–9 years, 10–12 years, 13–15 years, and 16–18 years. For boys, sometimes two age divisions would be merged such as 0–3 years, 4–6 years, etc. Depending on which type of pageant system
260-533: A beauty contest is generally called a beauty queen for female pageants and a beauty king for male pageants. Pageant titles are often subdivided into "Miss", "Mrs." or "Ms.", and "Teen", to clearly identify the difference between pageant divisions. The rankings of the contestants are referred to as placements . European festivals dating back to the Middle Ages provide the most direct lineage for beauty pageants. For example, English May Day celebrations always had
325-404: A numerical coefficient in ranking contestants, and this type of scoring still remains followed as a system even in nationwide beauty pageants such as Miss America . Researchers suggest that these events strengthen skills, such as interpersonal communications, self-assurance, and public speaking, which prove to be useful in future career paths. The requirement for contestants to wear a swimsuit
390-584: A pageant should not be viewed as anything other than another extra-curricular activity because it teaches children basic life values such as self-confidence, sportsmanship, determination, and leadership that any other sport or activity outside of school would do, and what matters is if a child is raised in a healthy environment surrounded by good people and good morals. Lindsay Lieberman, the author of "Protecting Pageant Princesses: A Call for Statutory Regulation of Child Beauty Pageants", argues that there should be regulations on how child beauty pageants are run because
455-443: A pageant's website or physical prizes and gifts such as tiaras, sashes, medallions, toys and more. Entry fees typically range from $ 5 to $ 80 depending on the type, level and scope (local/state/national/international). Many are seasonal or theme-based. Others may be a counterpart to a live or on-stage event. In a glitz pageant, makeup and hair are typically done by a professional makeup artist. Natural pageants do not generally require
520-766: A professional makeup artist or hair dresser although some girls choose to use them in the older age divisions. Parents are sometimes criticized for entering their children in pageants. By holding very young girls to a "beauty" standard involving things such as makeup and spray tans, pageants are seen as reinforcing a very superficial, modern type of femininity. One sociologist, Shelby Colene Pannell, questions why parents would willingly subject their children to gender socialization in such an extreme form. Families on TLC's television series Toddlers & Tiaras are subject to intense criticism for negatively influencing their children that their physical appearance will score them attention and prizes. The show first aired in 2009 and follows
585-551: A talent agency in which she claimed that she was pressured to sign by Burning Productions, a film production company which is rumored to be linked with the Japanese underworld, but she refused and went ahead by starting her own company. Yoshimatsu filed criminal charges against one of Japan's most powerful talent agency executives, Genichi Taniguchi of Burning Productions, for allegedly stalking, intimidating, and harassing her. Diversity of contestants and winners have both increased since
650-585: A variety of prizes, such as electronics, toys, scholarships and grants, cash, tiaras, sashes, robes, and trophies. Trophies can be taller than the contestants themselves; in the "Our Little Miss" pageant, the World level trophies can be 5 to 6 feet (1.5 to 1.8 m) tall. There is a queen for every age division, and there are Ultimate Grand Supreme awards, and Mini Supreme queens for certain blocks of age divisions (0–5, 6–11, 12–16, 17 and up). There are also side awards and overall side awards. A rising trend in pageantry
715-510: A very young age. Certain pageants encourage contestants to emulate grown women, applying heavy makeup to create full lips, long eyelashes, and flushed cheeks, wearing high heels and revealing "evening gowns", and doing provocative dance steps, poses or facial expressions. These things are not only preferred but expected if a child is to win the contest. The children participating in beauty contests may learn that they gain attention and status when being sexualized. The child perceives that sexuality
SECTION 10
#1732884363565780-540: A way for their children to interact with others and not feel as if they were different. Many parents believe that beauty pageants teach their children to always perform their very best and boost their self-esteem. One mother of a two-year-old participant in Toddlers & Tiaras claimed: “'It’s just building that confidence early so she doesn’t have to hide away and she can achieve things she wants to achieve without being shy." She believes that gaining this self-confidence at
845-548: A year to marry Filipino businessman Virgilio Hilario while Amparo Muñoz , Miss Universe 1974 of Spain refused to travel to Japan and instead resigned after six months of her reign. However, since the pageant had no concrete rule on resignation at that time, they were allowed to keep their titles. In Miss Earth, the 2002 winner, Dzejla Glavovic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was dethroned of her crown six months into her reign, after she failed to show up at several environmental events. According to Carousel Productions, organizer of
910-429: A young age will benefit her child in the long run by helping her open up to people more easily and rid her of her shyness. "I was always involved in the baseball, the football, the basketball, the dance and now my kids are grown," said parent Joy Clark. "To me this is the same thing, it's a sport we travel to. We teach her, she practices, and you win prizes. It's just the same. It's just a sport." These parents believe that
975-472: Is Samantha Ramos of Santa Monica , who is crowned on June 23, 2024, at the Hyatt Regency Orange County. Ramos will represent California at Miss USA 2024 . The Miss California USA Pageant was produced by Carolee Munger. Prior to Ms. Munger, Guyrex Productions held the franchise for a number of years and produced successful televised pageants with over 100 participants. Before Guyrex, the pageant
1040-547: Is a controversial beauty contest featuring contestants under 18 years of age. Competition categories may include talent , interview , sportswear , casual wear, swimwear, western wear, theme wear, outfit of choice, decade wear, and evening wear . Depending on the type of pageant system (glitz or natural), contestants may be found wearing anything from makeup to fake teeth, known as flippers, as well as elaborate hairstyles and custom-designed fitted outfits to present their routines on stage. Beauty pageants started in 1921 when
1105-611: Is entered, contestants will spend about two hours or less in the actual competition. Typically, pageants have a guideline of "no more than one and a half minutes on stage" per child for beauty or formalwear and other modeling-based events. Talent usually is limited to two minutes or less with the rare exception of allowing two and a half to three minutes. In contrast, natural pageants have fairly strict guidelines regarding clothing, makeup, hair extensions, etc. Programs such as National American Miss forbid any makeup other than non-shiny lipgloss and mascara for girls on stage. This modeling style
1170-483: Is not only encouraged but can be a means to an end. "When you have them looking older, for a lot of people that means looking sexier. I don't think it's a great idea for girls at that age to be focused so much on their sexuality," Syd Brown, a youth psychologist practicing in Maryland told ABC News. "If you're telling a 6-year-old to act like a 16-year-old, you're telling her to be seductive and to be sexy." Regardless of
1235-490: Is often referred to as "Miss America-style". Some pageants have a prescribed set of movements while others allow a little more latitude in how girls will use the stage or runway. All pageants have slightly different guidelines, rules, and criteria for what they judge on, and events. Events may include sportswear, swimwear, evening wear, talent, interview, writing skills, and modeling. Children are critiqued on "individuality, capability, poise, and confidence." They compete to win
1300-469: Is ranked second highest among states in terms of placements, after Texas. Shauna Gambill , who won the national Miss Teen USA crown in 1994 , is the only Miss California USA who has previously held the Miss California Teen USA title. As Miss California USA in 1998, Gambill placed 1st Runner-Up to Shawnae Jebbia of Massachusetts . Three Miss California USA titleholders have also competed in
1365-561: Is the first and oldest beauty pageant in Asia. The Miss Black America contest started in 1968 in response to the exclusion of African American women from the Miss America pageant. The Miss Universe Organization started the Miss Teen USA in 1983 for the 14–19 age group. Miss Earth started in 2001, which channels the beauty pageant entertainment industry to actively promote the preservation of
SECTION 20
#17328843635651430-568: Is the online, specialty or mail-in pageant. Social media sites like Facebook have many photo contest and pageant pages where contestant's photos are judged by how many "likes" they receive. There is a website devoted to this type of pageant program. Unlike the live or on-stage counterparts, contestants in an online pageant submit an application and photographs or videos for judging. Judging criteria can include past pageant achievements, numeric scale ratings and essays. Winners may be awarded virtual prizes such downloadable certificates and being featured on
1495-505: The Big Four beauty pageants : Miss Universe , Miss World , Miss International , and Miss Earth . Hundreds and thousands of beauty contests are held annually, but the Big Four are considered the most prestigious, and are widely covered and broadcast by news media . The earliest formal beauty pageants were held in the 19th century, although similar informal events date back to at least
1560-591: The Miss America pageant while two were former winners of the Miss Teenage California Scholarship Pageant. California holds a record of 53 placements at Miss USA , second overall behind Texas and ahead of South Carolina . Beauty pageant A beauty pageant is a competition in which the contestants are judged and ranked based on various physical and mental attributes. Per its name, beauty pageants traditionally focus on judging
1625-735: The Miss Teen USA 2007 pageant, Caitlin Upton gained international notoriety for her convoluted and nonsensical response to a question posed to her during the August 2007 national pageant. During the pageant, judge Aimee Teegarden asked: "Recent polls have shown a fifth of Americans can't locate the U.S. on a world map. Why do you think this is?". Upton responded: I personally believe that U.S. Americans are unable to do so because, uh, some, uh, people out there in our nation don't have maps and, uh, I believe that our education like such as in South Africa and, uh,
1690-443: The post-classical period . Modern beauty pageants were first established in the early 20th century, with their popularity later boosted by the establishment of international pageants in the mid-20th century. Reforms of pageants in the 21st century marked a shift from primarily focusing on physical appearance to placing more weight on other characteristics. Beauty pageants are generally multi-tiered, with local competitions feeding into
1755-503: The "outfit of choice" category, and waxing/threading a child's facial and body hair to give them a glowing appearance on stage. Some critics of child beauty pageants say the pageants promote children as products used for the benefit of commercial gain. Parents spend money on clothing, hair, makeup, and accessories in return for a cash prize. In preparation for these beauty pageants, children have their appearances altered by costumes, makeup, and other products which can objectify them at
1820-463: The 1880s. In 1888, the title of 'beauty queen' was awarded to an 18-year-old Creole contestant at a pageant in Spa, Belgium . All participants had to supply a photograph and a short description of themselves to be eligible to enter and a final selection of 21 was judged by a formal panel. Such events were not regarded as respectable. In 1880, Rehoboth Beach, Delaware held the first recorded beauty pageant in
1885-429: The Big Four pageant winners, but when it does occur, it creates media attention. The Miss World pageant has had 3 cases of dethronement or resignation instances: In its early years, there were two instances where the reigning Miss Universe opted to resign from her position: Armi Kuusela , Miss Universe 1952 from Finland, who held the distinction of being the first Miss Universe winner to give up her crown in less than
1950-643: The Holocaust. In 1959, Japanese model Akiko Kojima became the first woman of color to win the Miss Universe title. Her success marked the beginning of a shift away from white women as the global female beauty ideal. The continued success of Asian women in American and international beauty pageants has signaled that white women are no longer considered the beauty ideal. In 1983, Vanessa Williams , an American singer, actress and fashion designer gained recognition as being
2015-598: The Iraq, everywhere like such as, and, I believe that they should, our education over here in the U.S. should help the U.S., uh, or, uh, should help South Africa and should help the Iraq and the Asian countries, so we will be able to build up our future. For our children. As a guest on NBC 's The Today Show , Upton told Ann Curry and Matt Lauer that she was overwhelmed when asked the question and did not comprehend it correctly. Child beauty pageant A child beauty pageant
Miss California USA - Misplaced Pages Continue
2080-458: The Miss Earth contest, Glavovic was dethroned because of "her inability to fulfill the duties and responsibilities as the Miss Earth titleholder, in accordance with the rules and regulations set forth in the Miss Earth contract that she signed." She was succeeded by first runner-up Winfred Omwakwe of Kenya as Miss Earth 2002 . In Miss International, Ikumi Yoshimatsu , Miss International 2012
2145-468: The Miss Howard University competition takes advantage of the principles of "black beauty". The winner is often viewed as a model for the "ideal" community member. Through the competitions, the contestants can learn how to present themselves in public and how to cultivate certain traits such as confidence or poise. In some cases, the competitors are selected to act as a representative on behalf of
2210-584: The United States is linked to an economic boom geared towards a more consumeristic lifestyle. For example, in India, from 1996 to 2000, the personal care industry grew by 25% while the number of women applying for the Miss India competition increased from 1000 people in 1993 to 6500 people in 2001. Additionally, after China hosted about 6 international beauty pageants in 2004, the beauty industry increased in influence in
2275-454: The United States, searching for "the most beautiful unmarried woman in our nation" and awarding her the title of Miss United States . Beauty contests came to be considered more respectable with the first modern " Miss America " contest held in 1921. The oldest pageant still in operation today is the Miss America pageant, which was organized in 1921 by a local businessman to entice tourists to Atlantic City, New Jersey . The pageant hosted
2340-518: The area. At the same time, the number of regional beauty pageants in the country increased. Critics of beauty pageants argue that such contests reinforce the idea that girls and women should be valued primarily for their physical appearance, and that this puts tremendous pressure on women to conform to conventional beauty standards by spending time and money on fashion, cosmetics, hair styling , and even cosmetic surgery . They say that this pursuit of physical beauty even encourages some women to diet to
2405-403: The child participants and their parents as they prepare for the upcoming beauty pageant of the weekend. The show is non-narrated to avoid showing opinion and has sparked heavy controversy due to actions including allowing a child to smoke a fake cigarette during the talent portion of the competition, forcing a child to wear fake breasts, a parent who allowed her child to dress like a prostitute in
2470-651: The community. In the African American community of Howard University, the selected Miss Howard University served as advocates for the Civil Rights Movement in the decades following the 1960s. Additionally, the Miss Landmine competition situated in Angola allow victims to serve as advocates on behalf of other victims of mining accidents. Researchers suggest that the emergence of beauty pageants in countries outside
2535-482: The contestants' physical attractiveness , sometimes solely so, but most modern beauty pageants have since expanded to also judge contestants based on "inner beauty"—their individual traits and characteristics, including personality , intelligence , aptitude , moral character , and charity . Though typically perceived as a female-oriented competition, male beauty pageants also exist, as do child beauty pageants for youth. The term "beauty pageant" refers originally to
2600-400: The criticism, parents still defend their reasons for letting their young children participate in these pageants. Hillary Levy, an undergraduate researcher at Harvard University, found that many parents felt that their children, even males, were able to gain poise and confidence in front of a group. Parents of children with birth defects felt as though it was not a negative experience but instead,
2665-401: The directorship for California pageants. In 2009 Carrie Prejean was forced to resign after placing 1st runner-up at Miss USA 2009 after a controversy developed regarding the answer she gave to her final interview question at the national pageant. Pageant organisers claimed she was fired due to contractual violations. California has produced a Miss USA every decade (except the 2000s) and
Miss California USA - Misplaced Pages Continue
2730-567: The early 1960s, held in Miami , Florida . Since then, the industry has grown to include about 250,000 pageants. It is an increasingly lucrative business, bringing in about twenty billion dollars a year to the Americas with its popularity spreading worldwide. It has grown from the senior beauty pageants, previously originating from South America, in particular in Venezuela, to become an event held throughout
2795-435: The effects on children can be damaging. In her article, Lieberman touches upon points that concern the lifestyles that children who compete in pageants have going on while competing such as stress and anxiety as well as problems they will have later on in the future such as depression, lowered self-esteem, and battling eating disorders. In 2013, France banned pageants for children under the age of 13 years, because they promote
2860-402: The environment. These contests continue to this day. Major international contests for women include the yearly Miss World competition (founded by Eric Morley in 1951), Miss Universe (founded in 1952), Miss International (founded in 1960), and Miss Earth (founded in 2001 with environmental awareness as its concern). These four are considered the biggest and most well known pageants,
2925-587: The first African American woman to receive the Miss America title. In 1991, Lupita Jones , a Mexican actress and television producer, became the first Mexican person to win Miss Universe. Besides the international beauty pageants, numerous minor competitions exist throughout the world displaying the different perceptions of beauty. Some examples of criteria to select beauty queens that are unique to certain culture. The Miss India USA pageant uses Indian history and traditional craft skills as its specialties, while
2990-408: The four largest and most famous international beauty contests for single or unmarried women (all apply to single or unmarried women except Miss Universe ). Most pageants give an age requirement to be eligible to compete; for example, Miss Universe has a maximum age requirement of 28 years old. 2023: The swimsuit parade to replaced by Lingerie parade. Dethronements and resignations are rare for
3055-454: The inception of beauty pageants. In 1945, Bess Myerson , an American politician, model and, television actress became the first Jewish person to win the Miss America title in the Atlantic city and to this day remains the only Jewish person to have received the crown. Her success in winning the title was hugely symbolic and personal to Jewish people at that time because it in the direct aftermath of
3120-693: The larger competitions; for example, the international pageants have hundreds or thousands of local competitions. The organizers of each pageant may determine the competition rules, including the age range of contestants. The rules may also require the contestants to be unmarried, and be virtuous, amateur, and available for promotions, besides other criteria. It may also set the clothing standards in which contestants will be judged, including such as formal wear , swimsuit , sportswear , or designer clothing . Possible awards of beauty contests include titles, tiaras , crowns , sashes , bouquets , scepters , savings bonds , scholarships , and prize money . The winner of
3185-545: The owner of an Atlantic City hotel struck upon the idea to help boost tourism . However, that idea had already circulated through " Most Beautiful Child " contests held in major cities across the country. The Little Miss America pageant began in the 1960s at Palisades Amusement Park in New Jersey . Originally, it was for young people from 13 to 17 years old, but by 1964 there were over 35,000 participants, which prompted an age division. The modern child beauty pageant emerged in
3250-486: The pageant that include Poise and Beauty of Face and Environmental and Intelligence Competition . The organizers defended the "beauty of figure and form" segment and released a statement that the said round was intended to promote strict impartiality during pre-judging by focusing on the contestants' curves, execution and not beautiful face. There have been numerous scandals in the beauty pageant industry and they continue to emerge as beauty pageants become more known to
3315-499: The pageant, it managed to be the top placing state at Miss USA, growing the entry numbers to the largest state pageant in the history of Miss USA and doing the first live television airing in over 10 years. In the beginning, K2 Productions was directed by former Miss Teen USA 1995 , Keylee Sue Sanders , and Keith Lewis. K2 Productions was later directed by Lewis and briefly co-produced by Miss USA 1995 , Shanna Moakler . In October 2021, Kristen Bradford of Crown Diva Productions took over
SECTION 50
#17328843635653380-606: The point of harming themselves. The London Feminist Network argues that rather than being empowering, beauty pageants do the opposite: denying women's full humanity by subjecting them to objectification , denying their full humanity by maintaining that their primary purpose is to be attractive. Beginning in 1981, the International Year of the Disabled Person, campaigners in Australia targeted beauty pageants in order to, in
3445-604: The public. In December 2017, HuffPost published emails written by then-Miss America CEO Sam Haskell that disparaged former pageant contestants, making vulgar references to their weight and personal lives. Due to the release of these emails to the public, Haskell and several other board members resigned from their positions. Laura Zúñiga , former Miss Hispanic America, was detained with her boyfriend and six other people, and charged with racketeering, drug trafficking, weapons violations, and money laundering. When apprehended, they had multiple handguns and roughly $ 53,000 in cash. At
3510-671: The selection of a May Queen . In the United States, the May Day tradition of selecting a woman to serve as a symbol of beauty and community ideals continued, as young, beautiful women participated in public celebrations. The first known beauty pageant was the Belle of the Anna-Ball , a Hungarian traditional beauty pageant, first held in Balatonfüred in 1825. The contest is still being held there on Anna's Day (Anna napja) on 26 July. A beauty pageant
3575-572: The swimsuit competition after 97 years. In 2017, Carousel Productions was criticized for objectifying women during the Miss Earth 2017 competition where delegates wore swimsuits during the event with their faces concealed by a veil in the Beauty of Figure and Form, a segment first introduced in the Miss Philippines Earth 2017 pageant. It was one of the three preliminary judging segments of
3640-785: The title awarded at the time was known as "Miss Universe". The event was discontinued in the United States in 1932 because of the Depression (the international competition was revived briefly in Belgium). The popularity of the Miss America pageant prompted other organizations to establish similar contests in the 1950s and beyond. Some were significant while others were trivial, such as the National Donut Queen contest. The Miss World contest started in 1951, Miss Universe started in 1952, as did Miss USA . Miss International started in 1960. Miss Asia Pacific International , which started in 1968,
3705-426: The winners of local newspaper beauty contests in the "Inter-City Beauty" Contest, attended by over one hundred thousand people. Sixteen-year-old Margaret Gorman of Washington, D.C., was crowned Miss America 1921, having won both the popularity and beauty contests, and was awarded $ 100. In May 1920, promoter C.E. Barfield of Galveston, Texas organized a new event known as "Splash Day" on the island. The event featured
3770-468: The words of activist Leslie Hall, "challenge the notion of beauty" and "reject the charity ethic." High profile demonstrations led to some charities abandoning their use of such contests for fundraising and also saw some remove offensive language from their organisational titles. Another criticism is in the way beauty pageant is quantifiably scored as highlighted by the "Myth of the Perfect 10". Beauty becomes
3835-469: The world for young boys and girls, with an emphasis on competitions being popularized by mainstream media in the United States, to much criticism. The murder of JonBenét Ramsey in late 1996 turned the public spotlight onto child beauty pageants. Critics began to question the ethics of parents who would present their child in a way that was perhaps not suitable for their age. In 2001, American Network HBO aired its Emmy -winning Living Dolls: The Making of
3900-561: Was a controversial aspect of the various competitions. The controversy was heightened with the increasing popularity of the bikini after its introduction in 1946. The bikini was banned for the Miss America contest in 1947 because of Roman Catholic protesters. When the Miss World contest started in 1951, there was an outcry when the winner was crowned in a bikini. Pope Pius XII condemned the crowning as sinful, and countries with religious traditions threatened to withdraw delegates. The bikini
3965-418: Was banned for future and other contests. It was not until the late 1990s that they became permitted again, but still generated controversy when finals were held in countries where bikinis (or swimsuits in general) were socially disapproved. For example, in 2003, Vida Samadzai from Afghanistan caused an uproar in her native country when she participated in the Miss Earth 2003 contest in a red bikini. She
SECTION 60
#17328843635654030-568: Was condemned by the Afghan Supreme Court , saying such a display of the female body goes against Islamic law and Afghan culture . In 2013, the swimsuit round of the Miss World contest was dropped because of Islamist protests in Bali ( Indonesia ), where the contest took place. In 2014, the Miss World contest eliminated the swimsuit competition from its pageant. In 2018, Miss America eliminated
4095-537: Was held during the Eglinton Tournament of 1839, organized by Archibald Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton , as part of a re-enactment of a medieval joust that was held in Scotland. The pageant was won by Georgiana Seymour, Duchess of Somerset , the wife of Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset , and sister of Caroline Norton , and she was proclaimed as the "Queen of Beauty". Beauty contests became more popular in
4160-431: Was produced by Dr. Leanord Stallcup, who took over the directorship after Faye Smith successfully led the way through the 1970s and 1980s. Also was produced by Top 10 Productions, Inc. San Diego–based. Top 10 was led by Pam Wilson and Alex Kuty, who have been involved in pageant and fashion production for many years. Top 10 took over for K2 Productions in 2013. K2 had a number of controversies but during its 9 years producing
4225-481: Was the first titleholder of the pageant from Japan to be dethroned shortly before the end of her reign. She was ordered by the International Culture Association (Miss International organizer) to skip the succession ceremony and "play sick and shut up" out of fear of scandal. The Miss International organizer cited the reason for her dethronement was due to her involvement in a contract dispute with
#564435