The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation , also informally known as the prime minister , is the head of government of Russia and the second highest ranking political office in Russia. Although the post dates back to 1905, its current form was established on 12 December 1993 following the introduction of a new constitution .
136-464: Mikhail Vladimirovich Mishustin (born 3 March 1966) is a Russian politician and economist serving as the current prime minister of Russia since 16 January 2020. He previously served as the director of the Federal Taxation Service from 2010 to 2020. President Vladimir Putin nominated Mishustin to become Prime Minister on 15 January 2020, following the resignation of Dmitry Medvedev and
272-606: A decree to provide housing to war veterans. On 8 May 2008, Dmitry Medvedev appointed Putin Prime Minister of Russia as he had promised during his election campaign. The nomination was approved by the State Duma with a clear majority of 392–56, with only Communist Party of the Russian Federation deputies voting against. On 12 May 2008, Putin proposed the list of names for his new cabinet which Medvedev approved. Most of
408-511: A "dreadful why-asker". After school, he would spend some time playing with his friends before hurrying home to work on his assignments. In the third grade, Medvedev studied the ten-volume Small Soviet Encyclopedia belonging to his father. In the second and third grades, he showed interest in dinosaurs and memorised Earth's primary geologic development periods , from the Archean up to the Cenozoic. In
544-448: A "tough period when I had to mobilize my abilities to the utmost for the first time in my life." In the autumn of 1982, 17-year-old Medvedev enrolled at Leningrad State University to study law. Although he also considered studying linguistics , Medvedev later said he never regretted his choice, finding his chosen subject increasingly fascinating, stating that he was lucky "to have chosen a field that genuinely interested him and that it
680-720: A Coordinating Council for the fight against coronavirus, which he personally headed. The next day, by presidential decree, a working group of the State Council was created, headed by Moscow Mayor Sergey Sobyanin . However, according to Dmitry Peskov , Mishustin's Coordinating Council is more important than Sobyanin's Working Group. Since 16 March 2020, flights to and from the European Union , Norway and Switzerland are limited to regular flights between capital cities (or Geneva in case of Switzerland) and Moscow Sheremetyevo Airport , and charter flights. Mishustin furthermore announced
816-566: A St. Petersburg-based timber company. Medvedev aided the company in developing a strategy as the firm launched a significant expansion. Medvedev received 20% of the company's stock. In the next seven years Ilim Pulp Enterprise became Russia's largest lumber company with an annual revenue of around $ 500 million. Medvedev sold his shares in ILP in 1999. He then took his first job at the central government of Russia. The profits realised by Medvedev are unknown. In June 1996, Medvedev's colleague Vladimir Putin
952-451: A decrease in the number of on-site tax audits and tax inspections of large and medium-sized businesses. As head of the FTS, Mishustin declared war on "dirty data" and targeted problems with unjustified value-added tax (VAT) refunds. Mishustin emphasized digitization and big data , making extensive use of " techno-authoritarian " systems of government surveillance of economic activity, including
1088-551: A decrease in the share of VAT uncollected by Russian authorities during Mishustin's tenure; the "VAT gap" reportedly declined from 20% to less than 1%. Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev , along with his entire Cabinet, resigned on 15 January 2020, after President Vladimir Putin delivered the Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly , in which he proposed several amendments to the constitution. Medvedev stated that he
1224-507: A decree permitting him to do so. He was the highest-ranking Russian official and the second head of government in the world (after British PM Boris Johnson ) to become infected with the virus. On 1 June 2020, Mishustin announced that a national plan to restore the economy, employment and income of the population after the coronavirus pandemic was ready and on 2 June he presented the plan to President Putin. The plan included 3 stages, 9 sections, 30 priority areas and about 500 events. According to
1360-486: A follow-up to Putin's address to the nation, Mishustin ordered all reservations at pensions or holiday houses to be cancelled from 28 March to 1 June, recommended regional authorities to close all the pistes at resorts for the same period, instructed them to force all the public eating places (except for delivery services) to suspend activities from 28 March to 5 April, and recommend the citizens to refrain from travelling. On 30 March, as Moscow and Moscow Oblast declared
1496-471: A gold chain of double-headed eagles symbolising the presidency, he stated: I believe my most important aims will be to protect civil and economic freedoms... We must fight for a true respect of the law and overcome legal nihilism, which seriously hampers modern development. His inauguration coincided with the celebration of the Victory Day on 9 May. He attended the military parade at Red Square and signed
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#17328767403641632-540: A keynote speech at the Fifth Krasnoyarsk Economic Forum, saying that: Freedom is better than non-freedom – this principle should be at the core of our politics. I mean freedom in all its manifestations – personal freedom, economic freedom and, finally, freedom of expression. In the Krasnoyarsk speech, Medvedev harshly condemned Russia's " legal nihilism " and highlighted the need to ensure
1768-535: A list of candidates not containing Putin himself, Medvedev often came out first, beating Ivanov and Zubkov as well as the opposition candidates. In November 2006, Medvedev's trust rating was 17%, more than double than that of Ivanov. Medvedev's popularity was probably boosted by his high-profile role in the National Priority Projects . Many observers were surprised on 10 December 2007 when President Putin introduced Medvedev as his preferred successor. This
1904-484: A lockdown, Mishustin urged all regions to follow the example and take similar measures. He also announced a bill that would raise fines for breaching quarantine requirements. On 1 April, Mishustin and the Minister of Communications Maxut Shadayev announced creating a system of tracking quarantine violation based on data of mobile network operators . Violators will receive a text message, and if they breach it systematically,
2040-687: A major democratic politician of the 1980s and 1990s was one of Medvedev's professors at the university. In 1988, Medvedev joined Sobchak's team of democrats and served as the de facto head of Sobchak's successful campaign for a seat in the new Soviet parliament, the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR. After Sobchak's election campaign Medvedev continued his academic career in the position of docent ( associate professor ) at his alma mater, now renamed Saint Petersburg State University . He taught civil and Roman law until 1999. According to one student, Medvedev
2176-564: A moderate subordinate to Putin. According to analysts, he has limited influence in the Kremlin. Former Prime Minister of Russia Former President of Russia Political views Elections Presidency Premiership [REDACTED] Dmitry Medvedev was born on 14 September 1965 in Leningrad , in the Soviet Union. His father, Anatoly Afanasyevich Medvedev (November 1926 – 2004),
2312-503: A place among the dependent countries, which means that we have no choice, we must go forward and be leaders." On 10 July 2020, during his trip to Tatarstan, Mishustin launched the construction of the Moscow – Kazan highway, which will become part of the route Europe - Western China. Mishustin called this construction the largest road project in Russia. Given the significance of the project (which
2448-520: A rapport with each other through their shared enthusiasm for the sport. Mishustin is an amateur musician, and is a pianist . As a hobby he has written pop music , including for the singer Grigory Leps . On 30 April 2020, Mishustin tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia . He informed President Vladimir Putin of his infection via a video-call. He also stated that he
2584-410: A single term in office and was succeeded by Putin following the 2012 presidential election . Putin then appointed Medvedev as prime minister. He resigned along with the rest of the government on 15 January 2020 to allow Putin to make sweeping constitutional changes and was succeeded by Mikhail Mishustin on 16 January 2020. Putin appointed Medvedev the same day to the new office of deputy chairman of
2720-441: A turnout of 69.78% of registered voters. The main contenders, Gennady Zyuganov and Vladimir Zhirinovsky , received 17.72% and 9.35% respectively. Three-quarters of Medvedev's vote was Putin's electorate. According to surveys, had Putin and Medvedev both run for president in the same elections, Medvedev would have received 9% of the vote. The fairness of the election was disputed by international observers. Andreas Gross, head of
2856-533: Is "Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation ". In modern Russia, the prime minister is appointed by the president , with the consent of the State Duma . The prime minister is responsible to the president and regularly reports to him, however, he only reports to the State Duma once a year. After the election of Boris Yeltsin , President of Russia , the head of the government was Yeltsin himself. He headed
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#17328767403642992-539: Is a Russian politician who has been serving as deputy chairman of the Security Council of Russia since 2020. Medvedev was also the president of Russia from 2008 to 2012 and prime minister of Russia from 2012 to 2020. Medvedev was elected president in the 2008 election . He was seen as more liberal than his predecessor Vladimir Putin , who was prime minister in Medvedev's presidency . Medvedev's agenda as president
3128-572: Is held by his father (Vladimir Mishustin), two oldest sons, and sister (Natalya Stenina). On 16 January 2020, the Russia-based Anti-Corruption Foundation called on Mishustin to explain how his wife earned almost 800 million rubles (nearly £10 million) over 9 years. On 19 January, the Kommersant newspaper published a detailed analysis of all the financial activities of Mishustin, including his leadership of UFG Invest — one of
3264-441: Is necessary to strengthen work. Before the start of the coronavirus pandemic, Mishustin managed to visit four regions: Novgorod , Kurgan , Yaroslavl and Kostroma oblasts. In July 2020, after a decline in the active spread of the virus and the lifting of restrictions related to the pandemic, Mishustin resumed his trips, visiting Tatarstan . On 27 January 2020, Mishustin instructed the formation of an operational headquarters for
3400-627: Is not provisioned by Constitution and it is not separate office. The Chapter 6 of the Constitution of Russia says, that "The Government of the Russian Federation consists of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal ministries". The prime minister can leave his post at his own request or if it is impossible for him to exercise his powers. The Federal constitutional law "On
3536-415: Is not required in that moment. The Federal constitutional law "On the Government of the Russian Federation" does not limit the term of "temporary absence" of the prime minister and the term of work of the acting prime minister. There can be more than one First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia , therefore written distribution of responsibilities is the most important document. The office of First Vice-Premier
3672-480: Is one of the parts of the plan to restore the economy after the coronavirus crisis ), Mishustin instructed to launch the highway in 2024, which is three years earlier than originally planned. For this purpose, he promised to allocate additional funds. In addition, he instructed Transport Minister Yevgeny Dietrich to work on the issue of extending the highway to Yekaterinburg by 2030. On 16 November 2020, Mishustin announced an administrative reform aimed at optimizing
3808-498: Is the only one of Putin's Prime Ministers who truly formed his "own" cabinet. He gathered a team of his own people and associates. Before that, in the 21st century, only Putin was able to do this. In particular, two Deputy Prime Ministers were deputies of Mishustin in the Federal Tax Service. According to experts, this means that Mishustin has been given carte blanche for changes. On 26 March 2020, Mishustin proposed to restore
3944-483: Is this personal chemistry: I trust him. I just trust him. As 2 March 2008 election approached, the outgoing president, Vladimir Putin, remained the country's most popular politician. An opinion poll by Russia's independent polling organisation, the Levada Center, conducted over the period 21–24 December 2007, indicated that when presented a list of potential candidates, 79% of Russians were ready to vote for Medvedev if
4080-649: Is under personal sanctions in the United States, Canada, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and New Zealand due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine . Mishustin is married and has three sons. He plays ice hockey . He is also an avid spectator of the sport, and is a member of the supervisory board of HC CSKA Moscow . It has been reported that, prior to his selection as Prime Minister, he and Putin developed
4216-479: The 2008 Beijing Olympics . At about 1:00 a.m on 8 August, Medvedev held a telephone conversation with the Defence Minister, Anatoliy Serdyukov . It is likely that during this conversation, Medvedev authorised the use of force against Georgia. The next day, Medvedev released a statement, in which he said: Last night, Georgian troops committed what amounts to an act of aggression against Russian peacekeepers and
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4352-566: The 2008 South Ossetia war —changed Putin's plans and caused him to resume a stronger role in Russian politics. The long-lingering conflict between Georgia and the separatist regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia , which were supported by Russia, escalated during the summer of 2008. On 1 August 2008, the Russian-backed South Ossetian forces started shelling Georgian villages, with a sporadic response from Georgian peacekeepers in
4488-617: The Central Election Commission on 20 December 2007 and said he would step down as chairman of Gazprom, since under the current laws, the president is not permitted to hold another post. His registration was formally accepted as valid by the Russian Central Election Commission on 21 January 2008. Describing his reasons for endorsing Medvedev, Putin said: I am confident that he will be a good president and an effective manager. But besides other things, there
4624-683: The Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire , bringing together the Ministers in one Cabinet (previously each Minister had reported directly to the Emperor on the affairs of his department). The Chairman of the Council of Ministers officially became a fully-fledged head of government. Nicholas appointed Graf Sergei Witte as his first "prime minister". From 1905 the prime minister received extensive powers, with
4760-453: The Council of People's Commissars was the de facto leader of the RSFSR (from 1922 to 1991). In 1946, the post of head of government was renamed Chairman of the Council of Ministers . People who held those positions are sometimes referred to as the prime ministers. They may have also been referred to as premier of ministers, or simply premier . Currently, the formal title of the prime minister
4896-659: The Council of People's Commissars , which was chaired from 1917 to 1924 by Vladimir Lenin . That body was renamed Council of Ministers following a decree of the Supreme Council on 23 March 1946. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Boris Yeltsin , as the President of the Russian Federation , was automatically appointed as the Head of Government of the Russian Federation in the first two years of his mandate. The latter body took
5032-771: The February Revolution and the inception of the Russian Provisional Government on 2 (15) March 1917, Georgy Lvov from the Constitutional Democratic Party and Alexander Kerensky from the Socialist Revolutionary Party became joint Minister-Chairmen. The provisional Russian Republic was eventually replaced by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) and the governmental body by
5168-491: The Leningrad City Council . Sobchak hired Medvedev who had previously headed his election campaign. One of Sobchak's former students, Vladimir Putin , became an adviser. The next summer, Sobchak was elected Mayor of the city, and Medvedev became a consultant to City Hall's Committee for Foreign Affairs. It was headed by Putin. In November 1993, Medvedev became the legal affairs director of Ilim Pulp Enterprise (ILP),
5304-591: The Leningrad State University Faculty of Law in 1987 (together with Ilya Yeliseyev, Artur Parfenchikov , Anton Ivanov , Nikolay Vinnichenko and Konstantin Chuychenko , who later became associates). After graduating, Medvedev considered joining the prosecutor's office to become an investigator however, he took an opportunity to pursue graduate studies at the civil law department, deciding to accept three budget-funded post-graduate students to work at
5440-444: The National Priority Projects would be raised by 260 billion rubles for 2008. Medvedev's election campaign was relatively low-key and, like his predecessor, Medvedev refused to take part in televised debates, citing his high workload as first deputy prime minister as the reason. Instead, Medvedev preferred to present his views on his election website Medvedev2008.ru . In January 2008, Medvedev launched his campaign with stops in
5576-476: The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) mission, stated that the elections were "neither free nor fair". Moreover, the few western vote monitors bemoaned the inequality of candidate registration and the abuse of administrative resources by Medvedev allowing blanket television coverage. Russian programmer Shpilkin analysed the results of Medvedev's election and came to the conclusion that
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5712-457: The State Council and the Committee of Ministers, as well as high-ranking officers appointed by the Emperor. The first session ended on 11 (23) December 1882, after the number of files to the Council greatly decreased. The Committee of Ministers functioned simultaneously with the second session of the Council of Ministers for six more months; Count Sergei Witte participated on both entities until
5848-539: The oblasts . On 22 January 2008, Medvedev held what was effectively his first campaign speech at Russia's second Civic Forum, advocating a liberal-conservative agenda for modernising Russia. Medvedev argued that Russia needed "decades of stable development" because the country had "exhausted its share of revolutions and social upheavals back in the twentieth century". Medvedev therefore emphasised liberal modernisation while still aiming to continue his predecessor's agenda of stabilisation. On 15 February 2008, Medvedev held
5984-460: The president of Russia , subject to the consent of the State Duma (before 1993 the Supreme Soviet ). Unlike most other "prime ministers", who are also elected members of the legislative body or parliament, the Chairman of the Government of Russia can be any Russian citizen, as long as they do not also hold citizenship of another country. Under law, the president shall nominate a new Chairman of
6120-457: The Duma, call for new elections and appoint a candidate for prime minister without its consent. Should the State Duma reject candidates nominated by the president for three times consecutively, the president shall dissolve it and call a new election, while the prime minister shall be appointed by the president without participation of the Duma. The State Duma may not be dissolved on these grounds during
6256-587: The Emperor thought necessary. In Soviet times, the term of the prime minister was also unlimited. The Chairman Council of Ministers of the Russian SFSR served in the position until he was dismissed by the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union . A term limit was introduced after the creation of the post of the president of Russia . Government became subordinate to the president, so
6392-588: The Federal budget for 2020 to 2022, in correspondence to the 2020 Presidential Address to the Parliament . Mishustin engaged in the digital economy and promised support to large companies. He also suggested creating a common electronic income database for Russians, where all citizens' incomes will be tracked. Since February 2020, Mishustin has started traveling around the country to make a real assessment of living conditions in various regions and identify issues on which it
6528-447: The Government of the Russian Federation" says that the dismissal of the prime minister entails the resignation of the entire government. If the prime minister resigns, the president has the right to delegate his duties to one of his Vice-premiers. This situation cannot continue for more than two months – this period is reserved for the head of state to select a candidate for a new prime minister and submit it to The state Duma. Very often,
6664-401: The Government within two weeks of the resignation of a previous government or inauguration ceremony of president . The State Duma is to discuss the matter within two weeks of the nomination and make a decision. The procedure of granting consent by the parliament is usually preceded by several days of comprehensive consultations and interviews of the candidate by the parliamentary factions. Should
6800-537: The Government's Presidium, a body in the structure of the Cabinet formed to solve operational issues. Previously, such a body existed in Medvedev's First Cabinet, but had been abolished in Medvedev's Second Cabinet. The Cabinet resigned on 7 May 2024 after the inauguration of Vladimir Putin . However on Putin's instructions the Cabinet continued its work as a caretaker cabinet. On 11 May 2024, President Vladimir Putin approved
6936-540: The Kupchino Municipal Okrug (district) of Leningrad. Dmitry was his parents' only child. The Medvedevs were regarded at the time as a Soviet intelligentsia family. His maternal grandparents were Ukrainians whose surname was Kovalev, originally Koval . Medvedev traces his family roots to the Belgorod region. As a child, Medvedev was intellectually curious, described by his first-grade teacher Vera Smirnova as
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#17328767403647072-717: The Mishustin family, Vladimir Moiseyevich and Luiza Mikhailovna. His mother was born in the city of Kotlas in the Arkhangelsk region while Mishustin's father was born in Polotsk . Vladimir Moiseyevich Mishustin was a member of the Central Committee of the Komsomol . In 1989, he graduated from the STANKIN , majoring in system engineering, and then in 1992, he completed postgraduate studies at
7208-481: The Russian Empire lasted 12 years; during this time seven people took this post (one twice). The position lapsed after the February Revolution of March 1917, following the abdication of Nicholas II from the throne on 15 March [ O.S. 2 March] 1917 and the formation that same day of the Provisional Government . During the Russian Provisional Government , the prime minister de facto headed
7344-596: The Russian SFSR Government (16 May 1992, the Government of the Russian Federation) for about six months. In fact, Yeltsin was the first Head of Government of Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union ; however, he was not the prime minister. After Yeltsin, Yegor Gaidar became acting prime minister, but the Russian Supreme Soviet refused to approve him as prime minister. On 14 December 1992,
7480-594: The Russian state and was officially called the “Minister-Chairman of the Russian Provisional Government". This position was held by only two people, Georgy Lvov and Alexander Kerensky . The position lasted about six months, and after the October Revolution , was replaced by Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR . During the reign of Vladimir Lenin , the Chairman of
7616-539: The Security Council. To some analysts, Medvedev's presidency seemed to promise positive changes both at home and in ties with the West, signaling "the possibility of a new, more liberal period in Russian politics". Since the lead up to the Russian invasion of Ukraine , he has adopted increasingly hawkish and anti-Western positions, and has repeatedly threatened the use of nuclear weapons in a break with his previous image as
7752-425: The State Duma decide to give the president its approval, the president may immediately sign the respective appointment decree. Should the State Duma refuse to give its approval, the president will have to nominate another (or the same) candidate within one week of the rejection of the previous candidate. However, in the event that the Duma rejects the president's appointment to prime minister three times, he may dissolve
7888-655: The abolished institutions to it. According to the BBC , "Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin has the unenviable task of rescuing the economy but has little say over" the Russian invasion of Ukraine . According to sources close to the Kremlin, Mishustin was unaware of Putin's plans to launch a full-scale invasion of Ukraine and does not want to be associated with the war. In May 2023, Mishustin and Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak visited Beijing and met with Chinese President Xi Jinping . Mishustin said that "relations between Russia and China are at an unprecedented high level." Mishustin
8024-473: The abolition of the committee on 23 April (5 May) 1906. Following that event, the duties of the committee were left to the Council of Ministers, until the formation of the Small Council in 1909, which also included deputy ministers. By the order of Emperor Nicholas II , the second session of the Council of Ministers began on 19 October (1 November) 1905, following the formation of the State Duma . Shortly after
8160-507: The acting prime minister later proposed the State Duma as the new prime minister. In case of the president's death, resignation or impeachment , the prime minister becomes a temporary president until new presidential elections which must take place within three months. The prime minister as acting president may not dissolve the State Duma, announce a referendum or propose amendments to the Constitution. The Russian Constitution does not explicitly specify who should become acting president if
8296-574: The area. Intensifying artillery attacks by the South Ossetians broke a 1992 ceasefire agreement. To put an end to these attacks, the Georgian army units were sent in to the South Ossetian conflict zone on 7 August. Georgian troops took control of most of Tskhinvali, a separatist stronghold, in hours. At the time of the attack, Medvedev was on vacation and Putin was attending the opening ceremony of
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#17328767403648432-408: The beginning of his Premiership) each tried to form a coalition government of the largest political organizations, they did not succeed. The State Duma nevertheless tried to gain influence over the government. Conflict between the State Duma and the government became particularly evident during the first Premiership of Ivan Goremykin in 1906. The position of Chairman of the Council of Ministers of
8568-442: The cabinet nor the Duma are dismissed). However, within one year after parliamentary elections the dissolution of the State Duma is impossible on these grounds. That is why in this case the president does not have any other option but to dismiss the government (even if he totally supports it). Initially, the term of office of the prime minister was not formally established. The head of the government served in his post for as long as
8704-411: The chairmanship was granted to the state chancellor, Count Nikolay Rumyantsev , the former then chairman of the State Council . Since 1812, as chairman of the committee has evolved into an independent position, which until 1865 necessarily coincide with the presidency of the Council of State. Traditionally, the chairmanship of the committee was last in the public service honorary position appointed by
8840-565: The civil service and returned to the private sector. He spent two years as the president of UFG Asset Management, an investment fund, before resigning to become head of the Federal Tax Service. In February 2009, he joined the personnel reserve of the President of Russia . In 2010, Mishustin was appointed head of the Federal Tax Service (FTS) by then–Prime Minister Vladimir Putin . After his appointment to this post, entrepreneurs expressed
8976-486: The civilian population in South Ossetia ... In accordance with the Constitution and the federal laws, as President of the Russian Federation it is my duty to protect the lives and dignity of Russian citizens wherever they may be. It is these circumstances that dictate the steps we will take now. We will not allow the deaths of our fellow citizens to go unpunished. The perpetrators will receive the punishment they deserve. In
9112-542: The closure of the border with Belarus for the movement of people, for which he was criticized by Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko , and an entry ban for foreigners imposed from 18 March to 1 May. In addition, borders with other countries bordering Russia were also closed. On 18 and 19 March, Mishustin announced measures to support business. In particular, he instructed to defer the payment of taxes for travel agencies and airlines, as well as to defer insurance premiums for small businesses. On 19 March, he also announced
9248-475: The collection of data on almost every transaction in Russia. This data collection was facilitated by new legislation that required all business-to-business invoices to be submitted to the government and required all retailers to automatically transmit real-time transaction data to tax authorities through an "online cash register" process. The government used artificial intelligence to identify persons suspected of tax evasion . This system of surveillance resulted in
9384-451: The committee. Eight years after the inauguration of the manifest, the first de jure office holder was Count Nikolay Rumyantsev . The Council of Ministers was unofficially formed in October 1857, as a result of Emperor Alexander II's reforms; its first session began on 19 (31) December 1857. Before the actual formation of that body on 12 (24) November 1861, the Emperor himself was in charge. The Council of Ministers consisted of chairman of
9520-404: The constitution. Mikhail Mishustin is the current prime minister. He was appointed on 16 January 2020 after Dmitry Medvedev and the rest of the government resigned the previous day . Until 1905, the head of government was the emperor . In the absence of the emperor, the ministers one by one, starting with the oldest in the rank, each acted as head of government for four sessions. In 1810,
9656-414: The constitutionally powerful president was now flanked with a highly influential prime minister (Putin), who also remained the country's most popular politician. Previous prime ministers had proven to be almost completely subordinate to the president and none of them had enjoyed strong public approval, with Yevgeny Primakov and Putin's previous tenure (1999–2000) as prime minister under Boris Yeltsin being
9792-399: The country's largest investment companies. When switching to the civil service in 2010, Mishustin, in accordance with the law, transferred all his assets and investment projects to his wife. Following the transfer, Vladlena Mishustina began receiving dividends, which is confirmed by official declarations. According to Kommersant , a significant part of the assets were sold in 2013 and 2014, and
9928-550: The department itself. During his post-graduate studies, Medvedev met Konstantin Aranovsky , whom, in 2010, he nominated as a judge in the Constitutional Court of Russia . In 1990, Medvedev defended his dissertation titled, "Problems of Realisation of Civil Juridical Personality of State Enterprise" and received his Doctor of Juridical Science ( Candidate of Juridical Sciences ) degree in civil law . Anatoly Sobchak ,
10064-528: The dignitaries that have become too old to execution of the duties of the minister. A number of committee chairmen (especially duke Alexander Chernyshyov , count Alexey F. Orlov , count Dmitry Bludov ) was characterized by contemporaries as "barely alive", "miserable". Count Modest Korf jokingly wrote about count Chernyshov: "Look, just live!" Duke Pavel Gagarin died in office at the age of 83 years. The modern post of prime minister appeared in 1905. A decree of Emperor Nicholas II on 19 October 1905 established
10200-462: The early hours of 8 August, Russian military forces launched a counter-offensive against Georgian troops. After five days of heavy fighting, all Georgian forces were routed from South Ossetia and Abkhazia. On 12 August, Medvedev ended the Russian military operation, entitled "Operation to force Georgia into peace". Later on the same day, a peace deal brokered by the French and EU president, Nicolas Sarkozy ,
10336-573: The election was immediately held. The other main contenders, the Communist Gennady Zyuganov and the LDPR 's Vladimir Zhirinovsky both received in 9% in the same poll. Much of Putin's popularity transferred to his chosen candidate, with 42% of the survey responders saying that Medvedev's strength came from Putin's support to him. In his first speech after being endorsed, Medvedev stated that, as president, he would appoint Vladimir Putin to
10472-427: The federal budget, was not enough to significantly overhaul Russia's infrastructure. According to opinion polls, most Russians believed the money invested in the projects had been spent ineffectively. Following his appointment as first deputy prime minister, many political observers began to regard Medvedev as a potential candidate for the 2008 presidential elections, although Western observers widely believed Medvedev
10608-409: The first time in 20 years. In their place, Medvedev brought in the so-called civiliki , a network of St. Petersburg civil law scholars preferred by Medvedev for high positions. From the beginning of Medvedev's tenure, the nature of his presidency and his relationship with Putin was subject to considerable media speculation. In a unique situation in the Russian Federation's political history,
10744-526: The first year after parliamentary elections, the last six months of the incumbent president's term, as well as in time of emergency, or war and in the event that the State Duma has initiated the impeachment of the incumbent president. The prime minister may be dismissed by the president at any time at the president's discretion. The prime minister may also tender his resignation to the president on his own initiative. The president may reject such resignation and oblige him to continue his work. The prime minister and
10880-451: The five ministers, four retained their positions. At the same time, former First Deputy Prime Minister Andrey Belousov was nominated for the post of Defence Minister instead Sergey Shoygu , who was appointed new Secretary of the Security Council . Federation Council held relevant consultations on 14 May. On 14 May 2024, President Vladimir Putin appointed the approved nominees for Deputy Prime Ministers and Federal Ministers. Mishustin cut
11016-417: The fourth and fifth grades he demonstrated interest in chemistry, conducting elementary experiments. He was involved to some degree with sport. In grade seven, his adolescent curiosity blossomed through his relationship with Svetlana Linnik , his future wife, who was studying at the same school in a parallel class. This apparently affected Medvedev's school performance. He calls the school's final exams in 1982
11152-512: The government to work on it. As part of the maneuver, Mishustin proposed to reduce the income tax on IT companies from 20% to 3%, as well as to reduce insurance premiums from 14% to 7.6%. On June 23, Putin officially announced the tax maneuver prepared by Mishustin. On 9 July 2020, Mishustin visited Tatarstan where he took part in the IT conference, where he met with the managers of the country's leading IT companies. During his speech, Mishustin spoke about
11288-434: The government's control over food and drug prices due to the coronavirus. It also temporarily lifted all restrictions on the supply of essential goods. On 20 March, Mishustin proclaimed that flights to the United States, United Kingdom and United Arab Emirates would be restricted. On the same day, Mishustin announced that six drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 had been developed in Russia and were being tested. On 27 March, as
11424-441: The government's program for the development of the IT industry, which includes a new tax regime, support for innovation, assistance to startups, development of public-private partnerships, etc. According to him, the Russian jurisdiction should become the most attractive for IT companies. Mishustin stated: "It is obvious that following the leaders of digitalization leads countries to a new digital dependence. Russia cannot afford to take
11560-571: The government, followed up by non-partisans and acting office holders. On 8 May 2008, Vladimir Putin took the office for a second term, now as a member of United Russia . Current Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin took the office on 16 January 2020. The youngest head of government by his accession to office was Count Karl-Fridrikh Golshteyn-Gottorpsky , at age 26, and the oldest Count Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy , at age 81. List below includes Prime Ministers since 1991 Dmitry Medvedev Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev (born 14 September 1965)
11696-669: The government. On May 9, 2024, Putin again nominated Mishustin for the post of Prime Minister. On May 10, the State Duma approved Mishustin as Prime Minister for a second term. On 21 January 2020, Mishustin presented to President Vladimir Putin a draft structure of his Cabinet. On the same day, the President signed a decree on the structure of the Cabinet and appointed the proposed Ministers. The cabinet contained multiple members from Medvedev's Second Cabinet . Only four Deputy Prime Ministers remained (three retaining their positions and one being appointed to another post), along with twelve Ministers. According to many political analysts, Mishustin
11832-409: The head of state (for example, it is the president who appoints and dismisses the prime minister and other members of the government; the president may chair the meetings of the cabinet and give obligatory orders to the prime minister and other members of the government; the president may also revoke any act of the government). The use of the term prime minister is strictly informal and is never used in
11968-407: The hope that Mishustin, as coming from business, would be more "friendly" to Russian entrepreneurs. As head of the Federal Tax Service, Mishustin earned a reputation as a skilled technocrat and emphasized tax simplification and electronic tax services. During this period, however, the tax service was criticized for its overly strict approach to business; Mishustin rejected this criticism, pointing to
12104-458: The independence of the country's judicial system and the need for an anti-corruption program. Economically, Medvedev advocated private property, economic deregulation and lower taxes. According to him, Russia's economy should be modernised by focusing on four "I"s: institutions, infrastructure, innovation and investment. Medvedev was elected President of Russia on 2 March 2008. The final election results gave him 70.28% (52,530,712) of votes with
12240-466: The information will be sent to the police. After testing positive for COVID-19 on 30 April, he suggested to President Putin that his deputy Andrey Belousov be appointed to take over for him as the acting Prime Minister. Putin signed a decree to that effect, appointing Belousov to the role on an acting basis, following Mishustin's recommendation. After recovering, Mishustin resumed discharging his duties as Prime Minister on 19 May, following Putin signing
12376-486: The newly created position of Minister of Sports, Tourism and Youth policy. In the presidential administration, Medvedev replaced Sergei Sobyanin with Sergei Naryshkin as the head of the administration. The head of the Federal Security Service , Nikolai Patrushev , was replaced with Alexander Bortnikov . Medvedev's economic adviser Arkady Dvorkovich and his press attaché Natalya Timakova became part of
12512-410: The nominal head of government, and in fact the activities of the government are headed by the president. In general, the prime minister serves more of an administrative role, nominating members of the Cabinet and taking the lead in fully implementing domestic and foreign policy as formulated by the president. In accordance with the federal constitutional law "On the Government of the Russian Federation"
12648-465: The only exceptions. Journalists quickly dubbed the new system with a practically dual-headed executive as "government by tandem" or "tandemocracy", with Medvedev and Putin called the "ruling tandem". Daniel Treisman has argued that early in Medvedev's presidency, Putin seemed ready to disengage and started withdrawing to the background. In the first year of Medvedev's presidency, two external events threatening Russia—the 2007–2008 financial crisis and
12784-496: The opportunity to pursue his own policies and reforms. Pyotr Stolypin (in office: 1906–1911) gained a reputation as one of the strongest prime ministers - during his premiership he made several major (though controversial) reforms. Though the Russian Constitution of 1906 established the State Duma (a representative house of parliament), the Government was not responsible to it. Although Sergei Witte and Pyotr Stolypin (at
12920-405: The optimization of the so-called development institutions (state funds, agencies and companies engaged in stimulating innovation processes using public-private partnership mechanisms). As part of this reform, it is planned to form an investment block based on VEB.RF , with the transfer of a number of the development institutions under its management, as well as the direct transfer of the functions of
13056-453: The personnel remained unchanged from the period of Putin's initial presidency but there were several high-profile changes. The Minister of Justice , Vladimir Ustinov was replaced by Aleksandr Konovalov ; the Minister of Energy, Viktor Khristenko was replaced with Sergei Shmatko ; the Minister of Communications, Leonid Reiman was replaced with Igor Shchyogolev and Vitaliy Mutko received
13192-478: The plan, the recovery of the economy was given one and a half years – until the end of 2021. The goals of the plan were to achieve sustainable growth in real incomes, reduce the unemployment rate to less than 5%, and ensure that GDP growth rates are at least 2.5% per year. In June 2020, Mishustin proposed a tax maneuver for IT companies in order to reduce the load and create a comfortable competitive regime in this area. President Putin supported this idea and instructed
13328-414: The post of prime minister to head the Russian government . Although constitutionally barred from a third consecutive presidential term, such a role would allow Putin to continue as an influential figure in Russian politics. Putin pledged that he would accept the position of prime minister should Medvedev be elected president. Although Putin had pledged not to change the distribution of authority between
13464-455: The president and prime minister, many analysts expected a shift in the center of power from the presidency to the prime minister post when Putin assumed the latter under a Medvedev presidency. Election posters portrayed the pair side by side with the slogan "Together We Win" (" Вместе победим "). Medvedev vowed to work closely with Putin once elected. In December 2007, in preparation for his election campaign, Medvedev promised that funding of
13600-452: The president's core team. Medvedev's old classmate from his student years, Konstantin Chuichenko , became his personal assistant. Medvedev was reported to have taken care not to upset the balance of different factions in the presidential administration and in the government. However, the influence of the powerful security/military-related siloviki weakened after Medvedev's inauguration for
13736-424: The presidential administration of the government when Putin appointed him as first deputy prime minister of Russia. In particular, Medvedev was made responsible for the implementation of the National Priority Projects focusing on improving public health , education , housing and agriculture . The program saw an increase of wages in healthcare and education and construction of new apartments but its funding, 4% of
13872-430: The pressure of the State Duma. For that to happen, the State Duma has to pass a censure motion against the government twice within three months. Normally, in this case the president has the right to choose whether to sack the government or to dissolve the Duma (and if the Duma passes the censure motion just once, the president may also choose "not to agree" with the decision of the Duma, which technically means that neither
14008-460: The prevention of COVID-19 and on 29 January, approved its composition. Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova was appointed its chief. On 30 January, he signed an order to close the borders with China in the Russian Far East . On 18 February, Mishustin signed an order banning Chinese citizens from entering Russia. The ban has been in effect since 20 February. On 14 March, Mishustin created
14144-494: The previous name "Council of Ministers", the chairman of which became Viktor Chernomyrdin , replacing acting chairman Yegor Gaidar . According to the new constitution ratified on 25 December 1993, those two entities were separated. Since then, the head of that office takes the formal title "Chairmen of the Government" or colloquially "Prime Minister" (the only actual prime minister was Valentin Pavlov ). Chernomyrdin resumed chairing
14280-419: The prime minister appointed was Viktor Chernomyrdin . The Russian political system is similar to the modern French system. For the appointment of the prime minister the president needs a majority in the state Duma. If the party president does not have the majority and fails to form a coalition, the president may need to appoint a loyalist to the position of prime minister. For example, this occurred in 1998 when
14416-452: The prime minister exercises the following duties: The prime minister is ex officio a member of: Initially, the prime minister was appointed by the Emperor of Russia , without the consent of the candidate to the State Duma . In Soviet times, the prime minister of the Russian SFSR was appointed by the Supreme Council after each election. Currently the prime minister is appointed by
14552-481: The prime minister is not appointed or is unable to perform his or her duties. Some believe that in the case of incapacity of the president and prime minister, the chairman of the Federation Council should become acting head of state. However, nowhere in the legislation is this fixed. Approximately 99 people have been head of the Russian government since its establishment in 1726. The chairman of government
14688-427: The prime minister must resign along with the president, but may be appointed again. From 1991 to 1996, the maximum term of office of the prime minister was 5 years. After the new Constitution of Russia was created, the term of office of the president, and therefore the term of office of the prime minister, was shortened to 4 years. In 2012, after amendments to the Constitution the term of the president and prime minister
14824-559: The proceeds were placed in deposit accounts to receive interest. Mishustin's sister Natalya Stenina ( Russian : Наталья Стенина ) was married to Alexander Evgenievich Udodov from 2008 until 18 December 2020. According to Alexei Navalny , Udodov was the beneficial owner of several apartments in the 20 Pine Street building in New York City that were purchased in December 2009 within three weeks of when Denis Katsyv 's Prevezon Holdings , which
14960-631: The receipt of tax payments to the head of the State tax service of the Russian Federation. From 1998 to 2004, he worked as Deputy tax minister, being second-in-command at the State Tax Service. He worked as head of the Federal Agency for Real Estate Cadastre within the Russian Ministry of Economic Development , and head of the Federal Agency for Managing Special Economic Zones. In 2008, Mishustin left
15096-449: The rest of the government to allow for sweeping constitutional changes . Hearings on his appointment took place in the State Duma on 16 January, and he was confirmed in office that day. Mishustin has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation . Mikhail Mishustin was born on 3 March 1966 in Lobnya , a town very close to Moscow, to
15232-461: The results were falsified by the election committees. However, after the correction for the alleged falsification factor, Medvedev still came out as the winner although with 63% of the vote instead of 70%. On 7 May 2008, Dmitry Medvedev took an oath as the third president of the Russian Federation in a ceremony held in the Grand Kremlin Palace . After taking the oath of office and receiving
15368-531: The same day, Mikhail Mishustin nominated candidates for the positions of Deputy Prime Ministers and Ministers. State Duma approved the candidates for the posts of the First Deputy Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Ministers on 13 May and for the posts of Federal Ministers on 14 May. On 12 May 2024, President Vladimir Putin nominated candidates for the positions of Ministers of Defense, Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, Justice and Emergency Situations. Of
15504-536: The same institute. After finishing graduate school, he began working as a director of a test laboratory facility. In 1992, Mishustin began working at the International Computer Club (ICC), where he worked on facilitating the integration of Russian and Western information technologies. He ultimately headed the board of the International Computer Club. In 1998, he joined the state service as an assistant for information systems for accounting and control over
15640-541: The second time in June 2002, a position which he held until his ascension to presidency in 2008. During Medvedev's tenure, Gazprom's debts were restructured and the company's market capitalisation grew from $ 7.8 billion in 2000 to $ 300 billion in early 2008. Medvedev headed Russia's negotiations with Ukraine and Belarus during gas price disputes. In October 2003, Medvedev replaced Alexander Voloshin as presidential chief of staff . In November 2005, Medvedev moved from
15776-404: The state Duma (which had most of the opposition to the president of the party) twice refused to appoint Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin, and Boris Yeltsin appointed Prime Minister Yevgeny Primakov , who supported the left opposition. In the mid-1990s in Russia there was a term "technical prime minister". This term refers to the prime minister, who is not an independent political figure, is only
15912-500: The state apparatus and its efficiency. As part of the reform, it is planned to reduce the number of civil servants (mainly at the expense of positions that remain vacant), and bring the structure of Federal Executive bodies to uniform standards. It is also planned to reorganize the majority of federal state unitary enterprises . According to the draft, they should be liquidated or transformed into joint-stock companies with further privatization. On 23 November 2020, Mishustin also announced
16048-400: The structure of the Cabinet of Ministers. In general, the structure of the Government has remained the same. As in the previous cabinet, the new one will have one First Deputy Prime Minister and 9 Deputy Prime Ministers. Also, the positions of Federal Ministers remained unchanged. At the same time, the post of Minister of Industry and Trade was separated from the post of Deputy Prime Minister. On
16184-415: The whole government are constitutionally obliged to resign after the inauguration of a newly elected president. At the same time, the president has the right to dismiss both the entire government together with the prime minister, and only prime minister, retaining the government. Under certain circumstances, the president may also theoretically be forced to dismiss the chairman and the whole government under
16320-453: The work and the responsibility calling it "a test of strength". As president, Putin launched a campaign against corrupt oligarchs and economic mismanagement. He appointed Medvedev chairman of gas company Gazprom 's board of directors in 2000 with Alexei Miller . Medvedev put an end to the large-scale tax evasion and asset stripping by the previous corrupt management. Medvedev then served as deputy chair from 2001 to 2002, becoming chair for
16456-475: Was a chemical engineer teaching at the Leningrad State Institute of Technology . Dmitry's mother, Yulia Veniaminovna Medvedeva (née Shaposhnikova, born 21 November 1939), studied languages at Voronezh University and taught Russian at Herzen State Pedagogical University . Later, she would also work as a tour guide at Pavlovsk Palace . The Medvedevs lived in a 40m apartment at 6 Bela Kun Street in
16592-523: Was a member of the Supreme Privy Council , which was created on 8 (19) February 1726 by Empress Catherine , and from 8 (20) September 1802 ministerial duties were allocated by the Committee of Ministers , which was established on in accordance with the proclamation of Emperor Alexander II . Beginning with Count Aleksandr Romanovich Vorontsov , the eldest of the officers was de facto chairman of
16728-405: Was a popular teacher: "strict but not harsh". During his tenure Medvedev co-wrote a popular three-volume civil law textbook which over the years has sold a million copies. Medvedev also worked at a small law consultancy firm which he had founded with his friends Anton Ivanov and Ilya Yeliseyev, to supplement his academic salary. In 1990, Anatoly Sobchak returned from Moscow to become chairman of
16864-624: Was a wide-ranging modernisation programme , aimed at modernising Russia's economy and society, and lessening the country's reliance on oil and gas. During Medvedev's tenure, the United States and Russia signed the New START nuclear arms reduction treaty. Russia won the Russo-Georgian War , and recovered from the Great Recession . Medvedev also launched an anti-corruption campaign , yet was later being accused of corruption himself. He served
17000-494: Was broadly positive, not just among the supporters of the government, but across the political spectrum. Medvedev's popularity ratings soared by around 10 percentage points to over 70%, due to what was seen as his effective handling of the war. Shortly in the aftermath of the conflict, Medvedev formulated a 5-point strategy of the Russian foreign policy, which has become known as the Medvedev Doctrine . On 30 September 2009,
17136-569: Was brought into the Russian presidential administration . Three years later, on 16 August 1999, he became Prime Minister of Russia . Three months later, in November 1999, Medvedev became one of several from St. Petersburg brought in by Vladimir Putin to top government positions in Moscow. On 31 December, he was appointed deputy head of the presidential staff , becoming one of the politicians closest to future President Putin. On 17 January 2000, Dmitry Medvedev
17272-400: Was going into self-quarantine. Putin expressed sympathy and wished him a quick recovery. Mishustin was the first high-ranking Russian official to disclose his coronavirus infection to the public. His diagnosis also made him the most high-profile political figure in Russia to contract the coronavirus. Mishustin's family owns real estate valued at $ 48.2 million in the Moscow area. The real estate
17408-421: Was increased to 6 years. The Federal constitutional law "On the Government of the Russian Federation" says "in the case of temporary absence of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, his duties are performed by one of the deputy chairmen of the Government of the Russian Federation in accordance with a written distribution of responsibilities". It's automatically and President's Executive Order
17544-543: Was offered four candidates, but Mishustin was not among them. As a result, Putin independently decided to nominate Mishustin for the Prime Minister. The next day he was confirmed by the State Duma to the post and appointed Prime Minister by Putin's decree. This was the first time ever that a Prime Minister was confirmed without any votes against. On 7 May 2024, after inauguration of Vladimir Putin Mishustin resigned along with
17680-458: Was promoted to 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation (the highest federal state civilian service rank ) by the Decree signed by Vladimir Putin as acting President of Russia . During the 2000 presidential elections , he was Putin's campaign manager . Putin won the election with 52.94% of the popular vote. Medvedev was quoted after the election commenting he thoroughly enjoyed
17816-461: Was really 'his thing'". Fellow students described Medvedev as a correct and diplomatic person who in debates presented his arguments firmly, without offending. During his student years, Medvedev was a fan of the English rock bands Black Sabbath , Led Zeppelin , and Deep Purple . He was also fond of sports and participated in athletic competitions in rowing and weightlifting . He graduated from
17952-409: Was resigning to allow Putin to make the significant constitutional changes suggested by Putin regarding shifting power away from the presidency. Putin accepted the resignation. However, on Putin's instructions, the Cabinet continued its work as a caretaker cabinet until the formation of a new government. On 15 January 2020, Putin nominated Mishustin for the post of Prime Minister. According to Putin, he
18088-410: Was signed between the warring parties. On 26 August, after being unanimously passed by the State Duma , Medvedev signed a decree recognising South Ossetia and Abkhazia as independent states. The five-day conflict cost the lives of 48 Russian soldiers, including 10 peacekeepers, while the casualties for Georgia was 170 soldiers and 14 policemen. The Russian popular opinion of the military intervention
18224-464: Was staged on TV with four parties suggesting Medvedev's candidature to Putin, and Putin then giving his endorsement. The four pro-Kremlin parties were United Russia , Fair Russia , Agrarian Party of Russia and Civilian Power . United Russia held its party congress on 17 December 2007 where by secret ballot of the delegates, Medvedev was officially endorsed as their candidate in the 2008 presidential election. He formally registered his candidacy with
18360-492: Was stolen from Sergei Magnitsky , acquired several properties in the same building near Wall Street in the New York City Financial District . Udodov relinquished control of these properties in 2018. Prime minister of Russia Due to the central role of the president of Russia in the political system, the activities of the executive branch (including the prime minister) are significantly influenced by
18496-483: Was too liberal and too pro-Western for Putin to endorse him as a candidate. Instead, Western observers expected the candidate to arise from the ranks of the so-called siloviki , security and military officials many of whom were appointed to high positions during Putin's presidency. The silovik Sergei Ivanov and the administrator-specialist Viktor Zubkov were seen as the strongest candidates. In opinion polls asking Russians to pick their favourite successor to Putin from
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