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74-561: The company was spun off from its former parent, Southern Company , on April 2, 2001. The company was merged into GenOn Energy on 3 December 2010. The company then became part of NRG Energy in December 2012. Mirant operated 13 plants in the states of California, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, and Virginia and has the capacity to generate approximately 10,300 MW of electricity. Mirant began its corporate existence in 1981 as Southern Electric International (SEI),

148-590: A "Community-Engaged University" by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. UMass research activities totaled more than $ 200 million in fiscal year 2014 ($ 257,407,928 in today's money). In 2016, the faculty adopted an open-access policy to make its scholarship publicly accessible online. A team of scientists at UMass led by Vincent Rotello has developed a molecular nose that can detect and identify various proteins. The research appeared in

222-710: A Nursing Building, a Studio Arts Building, the Combined Heat and Power (CHP) generation facility, a track facility, and a Recreation Center. Newly completed construction projects on campus include the new Campus Police Station, the George N. Parks Minuteman Marching Band Building , the Life Sciences Laboratories, and the Integrated Learning Center. Residential Life at the University of Massachusetts Amherst

296-528: A black student was attacked and beaten to unconsciousness by fifteen to twenty white students according to archives from The Republican . In the wake of these events, students have worked to have open dialogues with the administration and police department about campus safety, the right to gather, the police force, and better methods of crowd control. UMass Amherst issued an announcement in early 2015 stating, "The University has determined that it will no longer admit Iranian national students to specific programs in

370-540: A company formerly known as Reliant Energy . The merger, which was completed on December 3, 2010, resulted in a company known as GenOn Energy. Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst identified Mirant as the 63rd-largest corporate producer of Air pollution in the United States , based on 2002 data, with roughly 19 million pounds of toxic chemicals released annually into the air. Major pollutants indicated by

444-565: A company, the company should not be in Chapter 11—and if there isn't, there is no reason for a committee of people without such an interest. But the judge did find it sufficiently likely in Mirant that there would be equity interest after re-organization to create such a committee. In January 2006, Mirant emerged from bankruptcy and the company was relisted to the New York Stock Exchange under

518-404: A computer. Federal Judge Douglas P. Woodlock denied Mirant’s motion to vacate the award, and the union’s motion for judgment was granted. Corporate spin-off A corporate spin-off , also known as a spin-out , or starburst or hive-off , is a type of corporate action where a company "splits off" a section as a separate business or creates a second incarnation, even if the first

592-418: A guaranteed transfer to UMass Dartmouth , and the campus became part of UMass Amherst . The campus was named Mount Ida Campus of UMass Amherst and functions as a satellite campus for UMass Amherst. The campus primarily serves as a hub for Greater Boston-area career preparation and experiential learning opportunities for UMass Amherst students. The programs that are offered at the newly acquired campus will align

666-900: A lot of flowers that will attract beneficial insects." UMass Amherst has the largest marching band in New England. The Minuteman Marching Band consists of over 390 members and regularly plays at football games. The band also performs in various other places and events like the Collegiate Marching Band Festival in Allentown, Pennsylvania , Bands of America in Indianapolis , Symphony Hall, Boston , The Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade , Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena, California , and on occasion Montreal, Quebec , Canada. Fraternities, sororities, and honor societies have been present on

740-477: A major research facility. The Robsham Memorial Center for Visitors welcomed thousands of guests to campus after its dedication in 1989. For athletic and other large events, the Mullins Center was opened in 1993. In 2003, Massachusetts State Legislature designated the University of Massachusetts Amherst as a research university and the "flagship campus of the University of Massachusetts system". The university

814-492: A more sustainable landscaping method known as sheet mulching is employed. In November 2010, "about a quarter of a million pounds of organic matter was moved by hand", using all student and community volunteer labor and no fossil fuels on-site. The process took about two weeks to complete. Now, the Franklin Permaculture Garden includes a diverse mixture of "vegetables, fruit trees, berry bushes, culinary herbs, and

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888-453: A new environment. Spin-offs also allow high-growth divisions, once separated from other low-growth divisions, to command higher valuation multiples. In most cases, the parent company or organization offers support doing one or more of the following: All the support from the parent company is provided with the explicit purpose of helping the spin-off grow. The United States Securities and Exchange Commission 's (SEC) definition of "spin-off"

962-557: A new image of the seal, featuring a profile of the Old Chapel spire, was ratified by the campus. Since the University of Massachusetts Amherst was founded as the Massachusetts Agricultural College in 1863, 25 individuals have been at the helm of the institution. Originally, the chief executive of UMass Amherst was a president. When UMass Boston was founded in 1963, it was initially reckoned as an off-site department of

1036-404: A private development called Fieldstone. These are in turn surrounded by a ring of athletic facilities, smaller administration buildings, and parking lots. The W.E.B. Du Bois Library is one of two library buildings on campus and the tallest academic research library in the world, standing 26 stories above ground and 286 feet (90.32 m) tall. Before its construction in the late 1960s, Goodell Hall

1110-698: A shuttle bus service on campus as well as many other architectural additions; this included the Murray D. Lincoln Campus Center complete with a hotel, office space, fine dining restaurant, campus store, and passageway to the parking garage, the W. E. B. Du Bois Library , and the Fine Arts Center. Over the next two decades, the John W. Lederle Graduate Research Center and the Conte National Polymer Research Center were built and UMass Amherst emerged as

1184-583: A small consulting division of Southern Company that provided engineering and technical services to industrial companies, domestic and international utilities. With the Energy Policy Act of 1992 deregulation arrived in the US electric power sector, and SEI ventured into global markets with the acquisition of a 50% stake in Freeport Power, a Bahamian utility. In the years to come, other acquisitions followed, notably

1258-406: A statement on February 18 committing to once again allowing Iranian students to apply to the aforementioned graduate programs. On the same day, an official in the U.S. Department of State stated in an interview that: "U.S. laws and regulations do not prevent Iranian people from traveling to the United States or studying in engineering program of any U.S. academic institutions." UMass Amherst replaced

1332-707: A variety of artistic venues, both performance and visual art. The most prominent is the Fine Arts Center (FAC) built in 1975. The FAC brings theater, music, and dance performances to campus throughout the year into its performance spaces (Concert Hall, Bezanson Recital Hall, and Bowker Auditorium). These include several performance series: Jazz in July Summer Music Program, The Asian Arts & Culture Program, Center Series, and Magic Triangle Series presenting music, dance, and theater performances, cultural arts events, films, talks, workshops, masterclasses, and special family events. University Museum of Contemporary Art in

1406-407: A visa. This event along with urging from legal advisers contributed to the belief that such incidents inhibited their ability to give Iranian students a "full program of education and research for Iranian students" and thus justified changing their admissions policies. The ensuing criticism on and off campus, as well as wide media publicity, changed the minds of school officials. As a result, UMass made

1480-783: Is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation , the university spent $ 211 million on research and development in 2018. The university's 21 varsity athletic teams compete in NCAA Division I and are collectively known as the Minutemen and Minutewomen . The university is a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference while playing ice hockey in Hockey East and football as an FBS independent school . The university

1554-925: Is a public land-grant research university in Amherst, Massachusetts , United States. It is the flagship campus of the University of Massachusetts system , and was founded in 1863 as the Massachusetts Agricultural College . It is also a member of the Five College Consortium , along with four other colleges in the Pioneer Valley . UMass Amherst has the largest undergraduate population in Massachusetts with roughly 24,000 enrolled undergraduates. The university offers academic degrees in 109 undergraduate, 77 master's, and 48 doctoral programs. Programs are coordinated in nine schools and colleges. It

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1628-457: Is more precise. Spin-offs occur when the equity owners of the parent company receive equity stakes in the newly spun off company. For example, when Agilent Technologies was spun off from Hewlett-Packard (HP) in 1999, the stockholders of HP received Agilent stock. A company not considered a spin-off in the SEC's definition (but considered by the SEC as a technology transfer or licensing of technology to

1702-563: Is now called Treasury Wine Estates . According to The Economist , another driving force of the proliferation of spin-offs is what it calls the " conglomerate discount " — that "stockmarkets value a diversified group at less than the sum of its parts". Some examples of spin-offs (according to the SEC definition): Examples following the second definition of spin-out: An example of companies created by technology transfer or licensing: University of Massachusetts Amherst The University of Massachusetts Amherst ( UMass Amherst )

1776-455: Is one of the largest on-campus housing systems in the United States. Over 14,000 students live in 52 residence halls, while families, staff, and graduate students live in 345 units in two apartment complexes (North Village and Lincoln). The fifty-two residence halls and four undergraduate apartment buildings are grouped into seven separate and very different residential areas: Central, Northeast, Orchard Hill, Southwest, Sylvan, North Apartments, and

1850-432: Is still active. It is distinct from a sell-off, where a company sells a section to another company or firm in exchange for cash or securities. Spin-offs are divisions of companies or organizations that then become independent businesses with assets, employees, intellectual property , technology , or existing products that are taken from the parent company . Shareholders of the parent company receive equivalent shares in

1924-605: Is the undergraduate student governmental body and provides funding for the many registered student organizations (RSOs) and agencies, including the Student Legal Services Office (SLSO) and the Center for Student Business (CSB). The SGA also makes formal recommendations on matters of campus policy and advocates for undergraduate students to the Administration, non-student organizations, and local and state government. As of

1998-705: The 1986 World Series and won in 2004 and 2007 , after the Red Sox were eliminated in the 2003 and 2008 playoffs, after UMass' football team lost in the Division I-AA football championship game in 2006 and after the Patriots first Super Bowl victory over St. Louis in Super Bowl XXXVI . The majority of these riots have been non-violent on the side of the students, except for the 1986 riot in which an argument between hundreds of students intensified into racial altercations where

2072-652: The Deutsche-Film Aktiengesellschaft , the East German film company founded in 1946. Some years after German reunification , in 1997, an agreement with two German partners led to the creation of a collection of East German film journals along with a large collection of 16mm and 35mm prints of DEFA films. More have been added since. The Shirley Graham Du Bois Library is located in the New Africa House. The university has several buildings (constructed in

2146-836: The National Public Radio affiliate for Western Massachusetts. In 2014, the station moved its main operations to the Fuller Building on Main Street in Springfield, but retained some offices in Hampshire House on the UMass campus. The Community Engagement Program (CEP) offers courses that combine classroom learning and community service. Co-curricular service programs include the Alternative Spring Break, Engineers without Borders,

2220-522: The 1960s and 1970s) of importance in the modernist style, including the Murray D. Lincoln Campus Center and Hotel designed by Marcel Breuer , the Southwest Residential Area designed by Hugh Stubbins Jr. of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill , The Fine Arts Center by Kevin Roche , the W.E.B. Du Bois Library by Edward Durell Stone , and Warren McGuirk Alumni Stadium by Gordon Bunshaft . Many of

2294-450: The 2023 school year, the SGA had a budget of over $ 7.5 million per year, which is collected from students in the form of the $ 266 per year Student Activities Fee. UMass permaculture is one of the first university permaculture initiatives in the nation and transforms marginalized landscapes on the campus into diverse, educational, low-maintenance, and edible gardens. Rather than tilling the soil,

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2368-482: The Amherst campus and was headed by a chancellor who reported to the president. A 1970 reorganization transferred day-to-day responsibility for UMass Amherst to a chancellor as well, with both chancellors reporting on an equal basis to the president. The title "President of the University of Massachusetts" now refers to the chief executive of the entire five-campus University of Massachusetts system. The current Chancellor of

2442-685: The Amherst campus is Javier Reyes. The Chancellor resides in Hillside, the campus residence for chancellors. Reyes is the first person of Hispanic descent to serve as Chancellor of the university. There are approximately 1,300 full-time faculty at the university. The university is organized into nine schools and colleges and offers 111 bachelor's degrees , 75 master's degrees , and 47 doctoral degrees . U.S. News & World Report ' s 2025 edition of America's Best Colleges ranked UMass Amherst tied for 58th on their list of "Best National Universities", and tied for 26th among 225 public universities in

2516-563: The Caribbean, Asian, South American and European energy markets. On the domestic front the company forged a joint venture in 1999 with Houston-based Vastar Energy to create Southern Company Energy Marketing, an electricity and gas trading company. That same year the company also acquired power generation facilities in New England (Canal station, Martha's Vineyard Diesels, Kendall Station), New York (Lovett and Bowline stations), California (Pittsburg, Potrero and Contra Costa stations). That same year SEI

2590-865: The Chemistry Laboratory, the Boarding House, the Botanic Museum, and the Durfee Plant House. The fledgling college grew under the leadership of President Henry Hill Goodell . In the 1880s, Goodell implemented an expansion plan, adding the College Drill Hall in 1883, the Old Chapel Library in 1885, and the East and West Experiment Stations in 1886 and 1890. The early 20th century saw expansion in enrollment and curriculum. The first female student

2664-547: The Class of 2022 was 1294/1600, and on average the students ranked in the top fifth of their high school class. Acceptance to the Commonwealth Honors College program of UMass Amherst is more selective with an average SAT score of 1409/1600 and an average weighted high school GPA of 4.29. The University's campus is situated on 1,450 acres of historically Pocumtuc land, mainly in the town of Amherst , but also partly in

2738-465: The College of Engineering (i.e., Chemical Engineering, Electrical & Computer Engineering, Mechanical & Industrial Engineering) and in the College of Natural Sciences (i.e., Physics, Chemistry, Microbiology, and Polymer Science & Engineering) effective February 1, 2015." The University claims that this announcement was posted because a graduate student entered Iran for a project and was later denied

2812-741: The Commonwealth Honors College Residential Community (CHCRC). Located in the central corridor of campus, the Honors Community houses undergraduate members of Commonwealth Honors College . The University of Massachusetts Amherst campus embarked on a 10-year, $ 1 billion ($ 1,613,107,822 in today's money) capital improvement program in 2004, setting the stage for re-visioning the campus's future. This includes construction of $ 156 million New Science Laboratory Building, $ 30 million Champions Basketball Center, an $ 85 million academic building, and $ 30 million in renovations to

2886-507: The FAC has a permanent contemporary art collection of about 2,600 works and hosts numerous visual arts exhibitions each year as well as workshops, masterclasses, and artist residencies. The 9,000-seat Mullins Center , the multi-purpose arena of UMass Amherst hosts a wide variety of performances including speakers, rock concerts, and Broadway shows. In addition, the Music, Dance, and Theater Departments,

2960-768: The Hudson River Valley Area. Following proceedings in state court, a settlement was reached between Mirant and the towns in December 2006, with taxes based on lower assessed values of the two power plants. Local 369 of the Utility Workers Union of America (UWUA) recently succeeded in enforcing an arbitration award in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts . The court determined that Mirant did not have just cause to discharge two workers for viewing pornographic materials on

3034-826: The Legal Studies Civil Rights Clinical Project, the Medical Reserve Corps , Alpha Phi Omega , the Red Cross Club, the Rotaract Club, UCAN Volunteer, and the Veterans and Service Members Association (VSMA). The White House has named UMass Amherst to the President's Higher Education Community Service Honor Roll for four consecutive years, in recognition of its commitment to volunteering, service learning, and civic engagement. They have also been named

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3108-663: The May 2007 issue of Nature Nanotechnology , and the team is currently focusing on sensors, which will detect malformed proteins made by cancer cells. Also, UMass Amherst scientists Richard Farris, Todd Emrick, and Bryan Coughlin led a research team that developed a synthetic polymer that does not burn. This polymer is a building block of plastic, and the new flame-retardant plastic will not need to have flame-retarding chemicals added to its composition. These chemicals have recently been found in many different areas from homes and offices to fish, and there are environmental and health concerns regarding

3182-629: The Renaissance Center, and multiple student groups dedicated to the arts provide an eclectic menu of performances throughout the year. The Interdepartmental Program for Film Studies has been organizing the Massachusetts Multicultural Film Festival on campus since 1991. UMass Amherst has a history of protest and activism among the undergraduate and graduate population and is home to over 200 registered student organizations (RSOs). The Student Government Association (SGA)

3256-532: The U.S. UMass Amherst is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education . Commonwealth Honors College at UMass provides students the opportunity to intensify their UMass academic curriculum. Membership in the honors college is not required to graduate from the University with designations such as magna or summa cum laude . In 2013, the University completed the Commonwealth Honors College Residential Community (CHCRC) on campus to serve

3330-476: The University of Massachusetts Amherst officially opened its new Design Building. Previously estimated at $ 50 million ($ 62,150,421 in today's money) the 87,000 square feet (8,100 m ) facility is the most advanced CLT building in the United States and the largest modern wood building in the northeastern United States. On April 6, 2018, Mount Ida College announced that the University of Massachusetts would be absorbing its campus. Mount Ida students were given

3404-689: The acquisition of a British distribution utility - South Western Electricity Board later renamed SWEB (now known as Western Power Distribution); a controlling interest in Hong Kong based Consolidated Electric Power Asia (CEPA), a stake in a German utility BEWAG, controlling interest in Empresa Electrica del Norte Grande, S. A. (EDELNOR) in Chile, and a hydroelectric generating facility in Argentina known as Hydroelectrica Alicura; giving it worldwide business interests in

3478-486: The additives. The newly developed polymers would not require the addition of potentially hazardous chemicals. In 2012, the university reported that applications to the school had more than doubled since the Fall of 2003 and increased more than 80% since 2005. The incoming Class of 2022 had an average high school GPA of 3.90 out of a 4.0 weighted scale, up from an average GPA of 3.83 the year before. The average SAT score of

3552-557: The arts, agriculture, and the history of the surrounding region. The Science and Engineering Library is the other library building, located in the Lederle Graduate Research Center Lowrise. UMass is also home to the DEFA Film Library , the only archive and study collection of East German films outside of Europe. It was founded in 1993 by Barton Byg, professor of film and German Studies, and so named after

3626-428: The assets are sold off rather than retained under a renamed corporate entity. Many times, the management team of the new company are from the same parent organization. Often, a spin-off offers the opportunity for a division to be backed by the company but not be affected by the parent company's image or history, giving potential to take existing ideas that had been languishing in an old environment and help them grow in

3700-417: The ban with a policy aimed at designing specific curricula for admitted Iranian nationals based on their needs. While less controversial, this policy has still generated backlash, with one student saying, "This university that's supposed to be so open-minded forcing him to sign a document saying he won't go home and build a bomb or something is just really disappointing to see." The UMass Amherst campus offers

3774-470: The bookshelves into the structural support of the building. It is home of the memoirs and papers of the distinguished African-American activist and Massachusetts native W. E. B. Du Bois , as well as being the depository for other important collections, such as the papers of the late Congressman Silvio O. Conte . The library's special collections include works on movements for social change, African American history and culture, labor and industry, literature and

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3848-493: The campus almost since inception, with its first fraternity, the Latin letter-named Q.T.V. emerging in 1869, and the first sorority, Delta Phi Gamma (local) in 1916. Approximately 1,500 students are active members each academic year. Several fraternities had houses on North Pleasant Street until 2007 when several lots owned by Alpha Tau Gamma were sold to the university for $ 2,500,000 ($ 3,673,568 in today's money). Alpha Tau Gamma,

3922-400: The college, including classrooms, administration, and housing for 1,500 students and some faculty. UMass Amherst is part of the Five Colleges Consortium , which allows its students to attend classes, borrow books, work with professors, etc., at four other Pioneer Valley institutions: Amherst , Hampshire , Mount Holyoke , and Smith Colleges. UMass Amherst holds the license for WFCR ,

3996-404: The disruption to the independent power industry precipitated by the bankruptcy of Enron, on July 14, 2003, after months of attempting to restructure its debt, the company sought Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection . The Mirant bankruptcy proceedings were unusual in that the court agreed to the appointment of a committee of equity holders. The usual reasoning is that if there is any positive equity in

4070-506: The fall of 2000, parent Southern Company completely spun off its interests in Southern Energy in April 2001 and a new publicly listed entity named Mirant Corporation began trading on the New York Stock exchange with the ticker symbol MIR. Between 2000 and 2003, the company continued its expansion in the U.S. markets with the acquisition or greenfield development of various gas-fired power plants in markets like Nevada, Texas, Wisconsin, Indiana, Arkansas, Louisiana, Georgia and Florida. Following

4144-476: The football stadium. In early 2016, the construction of a new electrical substation located near Tillson Farm was completed. The purpose of the substation is to supply electricity to the university more efficiently and reliably, with estimated savings of $ 1 million per year ($ 1,269,551 in today's money). The project was created in partnership with the utilities company Eversource , and cost approximately $ 26 million ($ 33,008,319 in today's money). In April 2017,

4218-414: The main reasons for what The Economist has dubbed the 2011 "starburst revival" is that "companies seeking buyers for parts of their business are not getting good offers from other firms, or from private equity". For example, Foster's Group , an Australian beverage company, was prepared to sell its wine business. However, due to the lack of a decent offer, it decided to spin off the wine business, which

4292-598: The neighboring town of Hadley . The campus extends about 1 mile (1.6 km) from the Campus Center in all directions and may be thought of as a series of concentric rings, with the innermost ring harboring academic buildings and research labs, surrounded by a ring of the seven residential areas and two university-owned apartment complexes. These include North Apartments, Sylvan, Northeast, Central, Orchard Hill, Southwest, Commonwealth Honors College Residential Complex., The two university-owned apartment complexes, North Village and Lincoln Apartments were demolished, and replaced by

4366-435: The new company in order to compensate for the loss of equity in the original stocks . However, shareholders may then buy and sell stocks from either company independently; this potentially makes investment in the companies more attractive, as potential share purchasers can invest narrowly in the portion of the business they think will have the most growth. In contrast, divestment can also sever one business from another, but

4440-478: The new company) may also be called a spin-off in common usage. A second definition of a spin-out is a firm formed when an employee or group of employees leaves an existing entity to form an independent start-up firm. The prior employer can be a firm, a university, or another organization. Spin-outs typically operate at arm's length from the previous organizations and have independent sources of financing, products, services, customers, and other assets. In some cases,

4514-417: The older dorms and lecture halls are built in a Georgian Revival style such as French Hall, Fernald Hall , Stockbridge Hall, and Flint Laboratory . The campus facilities underwent extensive renovations during the late 1990s. New and newly renovated facilities include student apartment complexes, the Hampshire Dining Commons, a library Learning Commons, a School of Management, an Integrated Science Building,

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4588-424: The plant's owner, the Mirant Corporation, to stop opposing state and federal legislation against power plant pollution. Mirant, which owns and operates two power plants in the Hudson Valley Region of New York State, failed to pay its property taxes in a dispute with tax authorities, claiming over-assessments by the Towns of Stony Point and Haverstraw New York, as well as the North Rockland School District. Under

4662-407: The spin-out may license technology from the parent or supply the parent with products or services; conversely, they may become competitors. Such spin-outs are important sources of technological diffusion in high-tech industries. Terms such as hive-up, hive down or hive across are sometime used for transferring a business to a parent company, a subsidiary company or a fellow subsidiary. One of

4736-403: The strengths of UMass Amherst with the growing demand for talent in areas that drive the Massachusetts economy, including health care, business, computer science, and other STEM specialties. Campus safety features include controlled dormitory access, emergency telephones, lighted sidewalks, and 24-hour campus police patrols on feet and by vehicle. Riots occurred after the Boston Red Sox lost

4810-405: The study include sulfuric acid , hydrochloric acid , and chromium compounds. On November 10, 2004, a group of Chesapeake Climate Action Network activists, students, farmers, and religious officials held a protest against the coal-fired Dickerson Power Plant in Montgomery County, Maryland. During the protest, six people were arrested for trespassing on private property. The protestors called on

4884-418: The symbol MIR. The equity holders from the pre-bankruptcy Mirant did retain a portion of the equity of the re-organized entity. Prior to the bankruptcy filing, Mirant had attempted to expand the Potrero plant, but neighborhood and community activists fought the proposal for five years and on March 2, 2006, the California Public Utilities Commission announced its rejection of Mirant's expansion plans. The plant

4958-515: The terms of bankruptcy, Mirant held payment in excess of $ 180 million due this last several years while a settlement could be reached. This case, which has caused local residents to themselves file bankruptcy, cost the average taxpayer over $ 2000 in increased property taxes. The higher than average assessments paid to the local municipalities were part of a strategy used by the Consolidated Edison and Orange and Rockland Utilities , whose plants Mirant assumed after deregulation, to site their plants in

5032-445: Was admitted in 1875 on a part-time basis and the first full-time female student was admitted in 1892. In 1903, Draper Hall was constructed for the dual purpose of a dining hall and female housing. The first female students graduated with the class of 1905. The first dedicated female dormitory, the Abigail Adams House (on the site of today's Lederle Tower), was built in 1920. By the 1970s, the University continued to grow and gave rise to

5106-517: Was appointed president of the college and Professor of Botany. He appointed a faculty, coordinated the completion of construction, and, in the fall of 1867, welcomed the first class of approximately 50 students. Clark became the first president to serve long-term after the school's opening. Of the school's founding figures, there are a traditional "founding four" – Clark, Levi Stockbridge , Charles Goessmann , and Henry Hill Goodell . The original buildings consisted of Old South College, North College,

5180-436: Was founded in 1863 under the provisions of the Federal Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act to provide instruction to Massachusetts citizens in "agricultural, mechanical, and military arts." Accordingly, the university was initially named the Massachusetts Agricultural College . In 1867, the college had yet to admit any students and had not completed any buildings but had been through two presidents. That same year, William S. Clark

5254-469: Was named a top producer of Fulbright Award winners in the 2008–2009 academic year. Additionally, in 2010, it was named one of the "Top Colleges and Universities Contributing to Teach For America 's 2010 Teaching Corps." From World War II to 2023, the imagery on the official seal of the university was nearly identical to the state flag of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. That image of the seal has been slowly removed starting in 2011, until March 2023 when

5328-457: Was renamed Southern Energy, in keeping with the broader theme of the products and markets that it pursued. Soon afterwards, its biggest domestic acquisition to date came in December 2000 with the purchase of the Morgantown, Chalk Point, Dickerson and Potomac River power generating assets from Potomac Electric Power Company (PEPCO). After an initial public offering of Southern Energy common stock in

5402-464: Was scheduled to be shut down sometime in 2007 in preparation for constructing a more modern replacement, but subsequently plans were scaled back and now call for the existing plant to simply be upgraded. In 2007, Mirant sold some gas-fired generating plants and its overseas power plants in the Philippines and in the Caribbean. On Sunday, April 11, 2010 Mirant announced it was merging with RRI Energy ,

5476-445: Was the University library, which was built after the library had outgrown its space in the 1885 "Old Chapel" building. Originally known as Goodell Library, the building was named for Henry H. Goodell, who had served as College Librarian, Professor of Modern Languages and English Literature, and eighth President of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. The Library is well regarded for its innovative architectural design, which incorporates

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