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49-658: Kampung Minyak Beku is where the famous chiseled rock is located, a big rock about ten feet in size (beside the police station). The big rock was chiselled by the Siamese ( Ayudhya ) to contain fresh water. It was said that the Siamese soldiers came here by boat to attack Malacca but were defeated by Tun Perak in the 15th century. The chiselled rock became famous where it later replaced the name of Bandar Penggaram to Batu Pahat . The road from Batu Pahat town ends abruptly at Kampung Minyak Beku. A few shops here sell basic refreshments. There

98-708: A colony in the late modern period . Academically, Thai people are referred to as the Chao Phraya Thais ( ไทยลุ่มเจ้าพระยา , Thai lum chao phraya ). Ethnically, Thai people are called Siamese ( ชาวสยาม , chao sayam , IPA: [tɕʰaːw sàjǎːm] ) or Thai Siam ( ไทยสยาม , thai sayam ), which refers to the Tai people inhabited in Central and Southern Thailand ; Siamese people are subdivided into three groups: Central Thai people ( คนภาคกลาง ), Southern Thai people ( คนใต้ ) and Khorat Thai ( ไทโคราช ). Siamese

147-570: A distinct, important genre of Thai cinema . Hinduism has left substantial and present marks on Thai culture. Some Thais worship Hindu gods like Ganesha , Shiva , Vishnu , or Brahma (e.g., at Bangkok's well-known Erawan Shrine ). They do not see a contradiction between this practice and their primary Buddhist faith. The Thai national epic Ramakien is an adaption of the Hindu Ramayana . Hindu mythological figures like Devas , Yakshas , Nagas , gods and their mounts ( vahana ) characterise

196-453: A gateway for Kra-Dai migration. However, the presence of Dai and Zhuang ancestry in some northern and central Thai populations suggest an alternative route. There is also evidence of bidirectional admixture between southern Thai and Nayu, who show close genetic relationships with Austronesian speaking groups from Island Southeast Asia. For central Thais, there is no evidence of close affinities with Mon, except for two Central Thai individuals from

245-558: A historical epic poem written in the late 15th to early 16th century, also used the word "Tai" (ไท). The French diplomat Simon de la Loubère , mentioned that, "The Siamese give to themselves the Name of Tai, or Free, and those that understand the Language of Pegu , affirm that Siam in that Tongue signifies Free. 'Tis from thence perhaps that the Portugues have derived this word, having probably known

294-535: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Thai people Thai people (also known as Siamese people and by various demonyms ) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Thailand . In a narrower and ethnic sense, the Thais are also a Tai ethnic group dominant in Central and Southern Thailand (Siam proper). Part of the larger Tai ethno-linguistic group native to Southeast Asia as well as Southern China and Northeast India , Thais speak

343-611: Is a small jetty, which has a stall selling the day's catch. A fair number of fishermen with their boats are available for hire. For a small fee, one can get a return journey to the small outcrop island of Pulau Silju, about 1 km down the coast. A new visitors' center is being built here. The mukim spans over an area of 124 km. The village is served by the Minyak Beku Ferry Terminal. 1°48′N 102°54′E  /  1.800°N 102.900°E  / 1.800; 102.900 This Johor location article

392-584: Is also a minority of approximately 500,000 Christian Thais : Catholics and various Protestant denominations. Buddhist temples in Thailand are characterized by tall golden stupas, and the Buddhist architecture of Thailand is similar to that in other Southeast Asian countries, particularly Cambodia and Laos, with which Thailand shares cultural and historical heritage. Du royaume de Siam Du royaume de Siam , translated into English as A New Historical Relation of

441-486: Is also the only country in Southeast Asia that was not colonized by European powers in modern history. The concept of a Thai nation was not developed until the beginning of the 20th century, under Prince Damrong and then King Rama VI (Vajiravudh). Before this era, Thai did not even have a word for 'nation'. King Rama VI also imposed the idea of "Thai-ness" (khwam-pen-thai) on his subjects and strictly defined what

490-566: Is found in Vincent le Blanc, and in several Geographical Maps, as the Name of a Kingdom adjoining to Pegu : But Vincent le Blanc apprehended not that this was the Kingdom of Siam, not imagining perhaps that Siam and Tai were two different Names of the same People. In a word, the Siamese, of whom I treat, do call themselves Tai Noe, *little Siams. There are others, as I was informed, altogether savage, which are called Tai yai, great Siams, and which do live in

539-568: The Thai Chinese . Theraphan Luangthongkum , a Thai linguist of Chinese ancestry, claims that 40% of the contemporary Thai population have some distant Chinese ancestry largely contributed from the descendants of the former successive waves of Han Chinese immigrants that have poured into Thailand over the last several centuries. A genetic study published in 2021 indicated that the present-day Tai-Kadai speaking groups from different geographic regions in Thailand show different genetic relationships;

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588-638: The United States , China , Laos , Taiwan , Malaysia , Singapore , Cambodia , Vietnam , Burma , South Korea , Germany , the United Kingdom , Canada , Australia , Sweden , Norway , Libya , and the United Arab Emirates . The Thais can be broken down into various regional groups with their own regional varieties of Thai . These groups include the Central Thai (also the standard variety of

637-547: The Zhuang people currently account for approximately one third of the total population. The Qin dynasty founded Guangdong in 214 BC, initiating varying successive waves of Han Chinese from the north for centuries to come. With dynastic Chinese political upheavals, cultural changes, and intensive Han migratory pressures from north that led the Tai peoples on the verge of being displaced, some of them migrated southwards where they met

686-683: The central and southern groups (previously known as Siamese ) strongly share genetic profiles with the Mon people in Myanmar, but the southern groups also shown a relationship with the Austronesian -speaking Mamanwa and some ethnic groups in Malaysia and Indonesia . A 2023 study stated that most Kra-Dai speaking populations in Thailand emerged from admixture between Kra-Dai migrants from southern China and local Austroasiatic-speaking populations, with Laos being

735-597: The northern groups (Khon mueang) are closely related to the ethnic groups in southern China, such as the Dai people , Palaungic Austroasiatic groups, and Austroasiatic -speaking Kinh , as well as the Austronesian -speaking groups from Taiwan ; the northeastern groups (Thai Isan) are genetically close to the Austroasiatic-speaking Khmu - Katu and Khmer groups, the Tai-Kadai -speaking Laotians , and Dai , while

784-630: The original beliefs of Tai peoples , and Brahmin - Hindu elements from India, partly inherited from the Hindu Khmer Empire of Angkor. The belief in local, nature and household spirits, that influence secular issues like health or prosperity, as well as ghosts ( Thai : phi , ผี) is widespread. It is visible, for example, in so-called spirit houses (san phra phum) that may be found near many homes. Phi play an important role in local folklore, but also in modern popular culture , like television series and films. "Ghost films" (nang phi) are

833-659: The royal intermarriage and became Ayutthaya Kingdom in the mid-14th century. The word Siam may probably originate from the name of Lord Krishna , also called Shyam, which the Khmers used to refer to people in the Chao Phraya River valley settled surrounding the ancient city of Nakhon Pathom in the present-day central Thailand , and the Wat Sri Chum Inscription , dated 13th century CE, also mentions Phra Maha Thera Sri Sattha came to restore Phra Pathommachedi at

882-756: The Ayutthayans developed a feudal system as various vassal states paid homage to the Ayutthayans kings. Even as Thai power expanded at the expense of the Mon and Khmer, the Thai Ayutthayans faced setbacks at the hands of the Malays at Malacca and were checked by the Toungoo of Burma . Though sporadic wars continued with the Burmese and other neighbors, Chinese wars with Burma and European intervention elsewhere in Southeast Asia allowed

931-520: The Kingdom of Siam , is a travel record of a French diplomatic mission to Siam written by Simon de la Loubère and published in 1691. It extensively describes the Ayutthaya Kingdom at the end of reign of King Narai in 1687, and is among the most important Western sources in the historiography of Ayutthaya. Although La Loubère only stayed in Ayutthaya for 3 months and 6 days, the record is based on

980-519: The Northern Mountains." Based on a Chinese source, the Ming Shilu , Zhao Bo-luo-ju, described as "the heir to the old Ming-tai prince of the country of Xian-luo-hu", ( Chinese : 暹羅斛國舊明台王世子 ) sent an envoy to China in 1375. Geoff Wade suggested that Ming Tai ( Chinese : 明台 ) might represent the word " Muang Tai" while the word Jiu ( Chinese : 舊 ) means old. As is generally known,

1029-521: The Potharam district of Ratchaburi province. Aligning with the findings of previous studies, there is evidence of South Asian ancestry in several Thai populations, including central and southern Thai. The vast majority of the Thai people live in Thailand, although some Thais can also be found in other parts of Southeast Asia . About 51–57 million live in Thailand alone, while large communities can also be found in

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1078-552: The Siamese by the Peguan . Nevertheless Navarete in his Historical Treatises of the Kingdom of China, relates that the Name of Siam, which he writes Sian, comes from these two words Sien lo , without adding their signification, or of what Language they are; altho' it may be presumed he gives them for Chinese, Mueang Tai is therefore the Siamese Name of the Kingdom of Siam (for Mueang signifies Kingdom) and this word wrote simply Muantay,

1127-645: The Sinosphere and studied for the most part by William H. Baxter (1992). Michel Ferlus notes that a deeply rooted belief in Thailand has it that the term "Thai" derives from the last syllables -daya in Sukhodaya/ Sukhothay (สุโขทัย), the name of the Sukhothai Kingdom . The spelling emphasizes this prestigious etymology by writing ไทย (transliterated ai-d-y) to designate the Thai/ Siamese people, while

1176-521: The Sukhothai languages ( Central Thai and Southern Thai language ), which is classified as part of the Kra–Dai family of languages . The majority of Thais are followers of Theravada Buddhism . Government policies during the late 1930s and early 1940s resulted in the successful forced assimilation of various ethno-linguistic groups into the country's dominant Central Thai language and culture, leading to

1225-456: The Thai had over Cambodia , in dispute with Burma and Vietnam . The Thai learned from European traders and diplomats, while maintaining an independent course. Chinese, Malay, and British influences helped to further shape the Thai people who often assimilated foreign ideas, but managed to preserve much of their culture and resisted the European colonization that engulfed their neighbors. Thailand

1274-459: The Thais to develop an independent course by trading with the Europeans as well as playing the major powers against each other in order to remain independent. The Chakkri dynasty under Rama I held the Burmese at bay, while Rama II and Rama III helped to shape much of Thai society, but also led to Thai setbacks as the Europeans moved into areas surrounding modern Thailand and curtailed any claims

1323-426: The ancient folklore of Thailand . Thais predominantly (more than 90%) avow themselves Buddhists. Since the rule of King Ramkhamhaeng of Sukhothai and again since the "orthodox reformation" of King Mongkut in the 19th century, it is modeled on the "original" Sri Lankan Theravada Buddhism . The Thais' folk belief however is a syncretic blend of the official Buddhist teachings, animistic elements that trace back to

1372-548: The areas of central and southern Thailand, named after the Indian city of Ayodhya , was founded by Ramathibodi and emerged as the center of the growing Thai empire starting in 1350. Inspired by the then Hindu-based Khmer Empire , the Ayutthayan empire's continued conquests led to more Thai settlements as the Khmer empire weakened after their defeat at Angkor in 1431. During this period,

1421-580: The arriving of Tai people from the northern part of Thailand around the 6th century or early and started to dominate central of Thailand in 8th-12th centuries. This also reflects in the language, since over half of the vocabulary in the central Thai language is derived from or borrowed from the Mon language as well as Pali and Sanskrit . The oldest evidence to mention the Siam people are stone inscriptions found in Angkor Borei (K.557 and K.600), dated 661 CE,

1470-499: The author or misrepresented. Simon de la Loubère set sail from the port of Brest on 1 March 1687, arrived in Ayutthaya on 30 September 1687, arrived back in France on 3 January. 1688, landed at the harbor of Brest on 27 July 1688 or at the early reign of King Phetracha . The purpose of writing in an encyclopedic manner which consists of many sub-headings by describing abundance soil quality for agriculture climate first subsequently, it

1519-498: The city of Lord Shyam (Nakhon Pathom) in the early era of the Sukhothai Kingdom . There have been many theories proposing the origin of the Tai peoples — of which the Thai are a subgroup — including an association of the Tai people with the Kingdom of Nanzhao that has been proven to be invalid. A linguistic study has suggested that the origin of the Tai people may lie around Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of southern China , where

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1568-517: The classical Indianized civilizations of Southeast Asia . According to linguistic and other historical evidence, the southwestward migration of Southwestern Tai-speaking tribes, in particular, from Guangxi took place sometime between the 8th-10th centuries. The Tais from the north gradually settled in the Chao Phraya valley from the tenth century onwards, in lands of the Dvaravati culture, assimilating

1617-468: The compilation and research of books written by westerners who had come to Ayutthaya before such as Jeremias van Vliet who came to Ayutthaya in the early reign of King Prasat Thong , however, the observations of modern historians see that, some of the content in this document some of the stories are inaccurate some are recorded from inquiries from without knowledge people some are heard from statements that are true and some are not true some are speculated by

1666-640: The earlier Austroasiatic Mon and Khmer people , as well as coming into contact with the Khmer Empire . The Tais who came to the area of present-day Thailand were engulfed into the Theravada Buddhism of the Mon and the Hindu-Khmer culture and statecraft . Therefore, the Thai culture is a mixture of Tai traditions with Indic, Mon, and Khmer influences. Early Thai chiefdoms included the Sukhothai Kingdom and Suphan Buri Province . The Lavo Kingdom , which

1715-450: The ethnonyms Thai/Tai (or Thay/Tay) would have evolved from the etymon *k(ə)ri: 'human being' through the following chain: *kəri: > *kəli: > *kədi:/*kədaj > *di:/*daj > *daj (Proto-Southwestern Tai) > tʰaj (in Siamese and Lao ) or > taj (in the other Southwestern and Central Tai languages classified by Li Fangkuei ). Michel Ferlus ' work is based on some simple rules of phonetic change observable in

1764-487: The form ไท (transliterated ai-d) is occasionally used to refer to Tai speaking ethnic groups. Lao writes ໄທ (transliterated ai-d) in both cases. The word "Tai" (ไท) without the final letter ย is also used by Thai people to refer to themselves as an ethnicity, as historical texts such as "Mahachat Kham Luang", composed in 1482 during the reign of King Borommatrailokkanat . The text separates the words "Tai" (ไท) from "Tet" (เทศ), which means foreigners. Similarly, " Yuan Phai ",

1813-602: The language and Culture), the Southern Thai , the Isan (more closely related to the standard Lao of Laos than to standard Thai), the Lanna Thai , and Yawi/Malay-speaking Thai Malays . Within each regions exist multiple ethnic groups . Modern Central Thai culture has become more dominant due to official government policy, which was designed to assimilate and unify the disparate Thai in spite of ethnolinguistic and cultural ties between

1862-555: The mythology of Thais and are often depicted in Thai art, even as decoration of Buddhist temples. Thailand's national symbol Garuda is taken from Hindu mythology as well. A characteristic feature of Thai Buddhism is the practice of tham boon (ทำบุญ) (" merit-making "). This can be done mainly by food and in-kind donations to monks, contributions to the renovation and adornment of temples, releasing captive creatures (fish, birds), etc. Moreover, many Thais idolise famous and charismatic monks, who may be credited with thaumaturgy or with

1911-507: The non-Central-Thai-speaking people and their communities. Indigenous arts include muay Thai (kick boxing), Thai dance , makruk (Thai Chess), Likay , and nang yai ( shadow play ). Religion of Thai People Thai form the second largest ethno-linguistic group among Buddhists in the world. The modern Thai are predominantly Theravada Buddhist and strongly identify their ethnic identity with their religious practices that include aspects of ancestor worship, among other beliefs of

1960-561: The present-day Thai people were previously called Siamese before the country was renamed Thailand in the mid-20th century. Several genetic studies published in the 21st century suggest that the so-called Siamese people (central Thai) might have had Mon origins since their genetic profiles are more closely related to the Mon people in Myanmar than the Tais in southern China . They later became Tai-Kadai -speaking groups via cultural diffusion after

2009-792: The rule of Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram (1938–1944). Minorities were forced to assimilate and the regional differences of northern, northeastern and southern Thailand were repressed in favour of one homogenous "Thai" culture. As a result, many citizens of Thailand cannot differentiate between their nationality (san-chat) and ethnic origin (chuea-chat) . It is thus common for descendants of Jek เจ๊ก (Chinese) and Khaek แขก (Indian, Arab, Muslim), after several generations in Thailand, to consider themselves as " chuea-chat Thai " (ethnic Thai) rather than identifying with their ancestors' ethnic identity. Other peoples living under Thai rule, mainly Mon, Khmer, and Lao, as well as Chinese, Indian or Muslim immigrants continued to be assimilated by Thais, but at

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2058-524: The same time they influenced Thai culture, philosophy, economy and politics. In his paper Jek pon Lao (1987) (เจ้กปนลาว—Chinese mixed with Lao), Sujit Wongthet , who describes himself in the paper as a Chinese mixed with Lao ( Jek pon Lao ), claims that the present-day Thai are really Chinese mixed with Lao. He insinuates that the Thai are no longer a well-defined race but an ethnicity composed of many races and cultures. The biggest and most influential group economically and politically in modern Thailand are

2107-530: The slave's name is mentioned as "Ku Sayam" meaning "Sayam female slaves" (Ku is a prefix used to refer to female slaves in the pre-Angkorian era), and the Takéo inscriptions (K.79) written in 682 during the reign of Bhavavarman II of Chenla also mention Siam Nobel: Sāraṇnoya Poña Sayam, which was transcribed into English as: the rice field that gave the poña (noble rank) who was called Sayam (Siam) . The Song Huiyao Jigao (960–1279) indicate Siamese people settled in

2156-424: The status of a perfected Buddhist saint ( Arahant ) . Other significant features of Thai popular belief are astrology , numerology , talismans and amulets (often images of the revered monks) Besides Thailand's two million Muslim Malays , there are an additional more than a million ethnic Thais who profess Islam , especially in the south, but also in greater Bangkok. As a result of missionary work , there

2205-704: The term Thai people to come to refer to the population of Thailand overall. This includes other subgroups of the Tai ethno-linguistic group, such as the Yuan people and the Isan people , as well as non-Southeast Asian and non-Tai groups, the largest of which is that of the Han Chinese , who form a substantial minority ethnic group in Thailand. By endonym , Thai people refer themselves as chao thai ( Thai : ชาวไทย , IPA: [tɕʰaːw tʰaj] ), whose term eventually being derived from Proto-Tai * ɗwɤːjᴬ meaning free, which emphasise that Thailand has never been

2254-501: The west central Thailand and their state was called Xiān guó ( Chinese : 暹國 ), while the eastern plain belonged to the Mon of Lavo ( Chinese : 羅渦國 ), who later fell under the Angkorian hegemony around the 7th-9th centuries. Those Mon political entities, which included Haripuñjaya and several city-states in the northeast , are collectively called Dvaravati . However, the states of Siamese Mon and Lavo were later merged via

2303-419: Was "Thai" and "un-Thai". Authors of this period re-wrote Thai history from an ethno-nationalist viewpoint, disregarding the fact that the concept of ethnicity had not played an important role in Southeast Asia until the 19th century. This newly developed nationalism was the base of the policy of " Thaification " of Thailand which was intensified after the end of absolute monarchy in 1932 and especially under

2352-469: Was also, by historically, the exonym of those people. In Du royaume de Siam , Simon de la Loubère recorded that the people whom he spoke were Tai Noi ( ไทน้อย ), which were different from Shan people (or Tai Yai), who lived on the mountainous area of what is now Shan State in Myanmar . On 24 June 1939, however, Plaek Phibunsongkhram formally renamed the country and its people Thailand and Thai people respectively. According to Michel Ferlus ,

2401-642: Was the center of Khmer culture in Chao Phraya valley, was also the rallying point for the Thais. The Thai were called " Siam " by the Angkorians and they appeared on the bas relief at Angkor Wat as a part of the army of Lavo Kingdom. Sometimes the Thai chiefdoms in the Chao Phraya valley were put under the Angkorian control under strong monarchs (including Suryavarman II and Jayavarman VII ) but they were mostly independent. A new city-state known as Ayutthaya covering

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