33-542: Minsei may refer to: Politics [ edit ] The Democratic Youth League of Japan or Minsei Dōmei , the youth wing of the Japanese Communist Party The Constitutional Democratic Party (Japan) or Rikken Minseitō , a liberal political party in the pre-war Empire of Japan The Good Governance Party or Minseitō , a centrist political party founded in 1998 and merged into
66-478: A focus on mundane daily life that led the more militant students derisively nicknamed the "toilet paper line." However, when Zenkyōtō activists began barricading university campuses, some Minsei students began arming themselves with helmets and staves and engaged in violent battles with the militant student activists. The Minsei students claimed they were "defending" the university from attack, and whereas other students called their staves gebabō ("violence sticks"),
99-615: A policy of armed resistance against the American occupation of Japan, issuing orders to form a "liberated zone" in the rural villages across the country, particularly among peasants in mountain villages, just like the tactics successfully employed by the Chinese Communist Party in the Second Sino-Japanese War . At the 5th Party Congress of October 16, a new manifesto -like document was adopted called Present Demands of
132-502: A strategy of fostering what Nosaka called a "lovable" ( aisareru ) public image, seeking to take advantage of the seemingly pro-labor, American -led Occupation of Japan to bring about a peaceful socialist revolution in Japan. This strategy was highly successful at first, attracting a large following for the party within the student and labor movements, and among intellectuals . In the 1946 general election , Nosaka and four other members of
165-572: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This communist youth movement -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Mountain Village Operation Units The Mountain Village Operation Units ( 山村工作隊 , Sanson Kōsakutai ) were underground paramilitary units organized by the Japanese Communist Party (JCP) in the early 1950s. The purpose of
198-515: Is a political youth organization in Japan . It is the youth wing of the Japanese Communist Party , as well as an organizational body of Zengakuren . Minsei describes itself as a "voluntary youth organization in response to a keen demand of the youth, aiming towards a better life, peace, independence, democracy and social progress". Its main activities are the peace movement, opposition to tuition hikes, petitions, volunteer work and educational activities and
231-525: Is that, "The policy of the 5th Party Congress was not officially adopted by the party but rather was born from the breakup and subsequent takeover of the party apparatus by Tokuda's Shokanha faction and the imposition of armed struggle on us by the Soviet Union and China. The division of the party and the extreme-left adventurism orchestrated by the Shokanha were a serious mistake." How to Raise Flower Bulbs
264-447: The 1952 general election , Japanese voters vented their ire at the JCP's violent actions by stripping the party of every single one of its 35 Diet seats, a blow from which it would take the party two decades to recover. Stunned by the backlash, the JCP gradually began to pull back from its militant line, a process facilitated by the deaths of both Tokuda and Stalin in 1953. On January 1, 1955,
297-502: The Democratic Party of Japan Firms [ edit ] UD Trucks , a manufacturer of vehicles formerly known as Minsei Diesel Industries Toyota Boshoku , an automotive component manufacturer formerly known as Minsei Spinning Co. Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Minsei . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
330-476: The "peasant farmers." However Japan's highly educated, relatively wealthy land-owning farmers were generally loyal to Japan's conservative parties and had no interest in communist revolution. As a result, many of the JCP cadres sent to form the Mountain Village Operations Units ran out of food and found no place to stay, and thus soon gave up and straggled back to the cities. Instead, it was
363-684: The Central Committee or the Politburo which he named the Interim Central Directorate. Tokuda excluded seven Central Committee members, including Kenji Miyamoto , who held dissenting points of view, and went underground. As a result of the Red Purge, Tokuda and his group went into exile in the People's Republic of China and on February 23, 1951, at the JCP's 4th Party Congress, they decided on
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#1733092903235396-684: The Days, However..."). On the other hand, it is thought that there were differences in the directive and goals of “Y Organization” on the one hand, the JCP’s Military Affairs Committee including the Chukaku Jieitai and Dokuritsu Yugekitai which were purely in the armed struggle, and the Mountain Village Operation Units on the other hand where armed struggle coexisted with appeals to the masses. There were also people among
429-466: The Democratic Youth League of Japan. Minsei's last bit of militant activism took place during the massive 1960 Anpo protests against the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty , in which many Minsei students took part. However, thereafter the JCP and Minsei increasingly eschewed extra-parliamentary street protests. In 1960, during its 6th National Congress, Minsei established its "Agreement" and "Call to
462-446: The JCP engaged in self-criticism, labeling the insurgency "adventurism of the extreme left ," and at the 6th Party Congress of June 27 1955, the JCP renounced the militant line completely, returning to its old "peaceful line" of gradually pursuing socialist revolution through peaceful, democratic means. After the 6th Party Congress, the JCP adopted a policy of not excluding any party members who, though they had made mistakes, recognized
495-763: The JCP were elected to the Diet , and the party received 4% of the popular vote. In the 1949 general election , the JCP had its best showing ever, receiving nearly 10% of the popular vote. However, with the fall of China to the communists in 1949 and increasing Cold War tensions around the world, the United States initiated the so-called " Reverse Course " in Japan. The Occupation authorities shifted away from demilitarization and democratization to remilitarization, suppressing leftists , and strengthening Japan's conservative elements in support of American Cold War objectives in Asia . At
528-535: The JCYL was re-established in tandem with the re-establishment of the JCP. Following a series of violent misadventures in the 1950s, in which the JCP tried to foment an immediate communist revolution and ordered the JCYL into the mountains to help form " Mountain Village Guerrilla Squads ", the JCP hastily retreated from its former militant line and the JCYL was recast as a "force for peace and democracy" and renamed
561-834: The Japanese Communist Party which included clauses on waging guerrilla war in the villages. Clandestine organizations were created including the Chukaku Jieitai [ ja ] , for weapons' procurement and training, the Dokuritsu Yugekitai, for offensive guerrilla operations, and the Mountain Village Operation Units. The armed struggle was activated throughout Japan, including terrorist attacks on police officers, arson against police boxes , and bombings of trains. The JCP ordered its most expendable members, including Zengakuren student activists, artists and other bohemians , and Zainichi Koreans, to go up into
594-621: The Minsei students called their staves minshūkabō ("democratization sticks"). Minsei membership peaked in 1970 at around 200,000 students before declining steadily thereafter, in tandem with the decline of the Japan Communist Party and the Japanese student movement in general. In recent years, Minsei has consistently listed its membership as "around 10,000" students. This article about an organization or organization-related topic in Japan
627-530: The Occupation's urging, the Japanese state and private corporations carried out a sweeping " Red Purge ," firing tens of thousands of communists and suspected communists from their jobs in both government and the private sector . In November 1949, China's Liu Shaoqi urged spreading China's methods of armed struggle across Asia including in Japan. Liu proposed this on the basis of his talks with Soviet leader Joseph Stalin . On June 6, 1950, Douglas MacArthur ,
660-734: The Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, ordered a purge of 24 members of JCP's Central Committee and forbade them from engaging in any political activities. That same day, at the behest of Stalin, the Soviet-led Cominform published a tract harshly criticizing the JCP's peaceful line as " opportunism " and "glorifying American imperialism " and demanding that the JCP take steps to pursue immediate violent revolution in Japan. Competition between JCP factions to win Cominform approval in
693-572: The Youth League", whereby the League promised to pursue "peaceful, scientific socialism." At the height of the 1968–1969 Japanese university protests , while other students were hurling rocks and stones at police , Minsei students observed major events such as International Anti-War Day in 1968 by holding peaceful potluck picnics in the park, and emphasized peaceful forms of activism such as petitioning university administrations to improve campus facilities,
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#1733092903235726-492: The errors of the armed struggle and party split, and intended sincerely to make an effort to support the new party line . People who refused to accept this shift by the party to peaceful accommodationism would go on to form the nucleus of a variety of Japanese New Left movements, including the Japan Communist League and the similarly named Japan Revolutionary Communist League . Currently, JCP's official evaluation
759-922: The like. The DYLJ was formed on 5 April 1923 in the Empire of Japan as the Japanese Communist Youth League (JCYL), influenced by the Russian Revolution in Russia . Like the JCP, it focused on suffrage for young Japanese aged 18 and above, the overthrow of the " Emperor system ", equal pay for equal work , and opposition to militarization . Also, like the JCP, it was banned under the Peace Preservation Law and some of its members, such as Kawai Yoshitora , Takashima Mato , and Iijima Kimi , were arrested by police and were either killed during interrogations or else died in prison. After World War II ,
792-518: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minsei&oldid=1028879399 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Democratic Youth League of Japan The Democratic Youth League of Japan ( 日本民主青年同盟 , Nihon Minshu Seinen Domei ) , abbreviated DYLJ or Minsei ( 民青, みんせい ) ,
825-579: The members of Mountain Village Operation Units who thought that the policy of armed struggle was an absurd idea and remained active in the Units without supporting the policy. Participation in the Units was by the appointment of the JCP Directorate which supported Kyuichi Tokuda’s Shokanha faction, and there are some who testified that service was assigned as a punishment to students who had belonged to
858-505: The members who escaped exposure in the police crackdown holed up in the mountains and aimed to support themselves but, being neglected and unsupplied by the JCP, they naturally dissolved. The recollections of participants are published in certain New Left bulletins, and the Mountain Village Operation Units at the time of the 6th Party Congress is the backdrop for Sho Shibata's Akutagawa Award -winning 1964 novel Saredo Warera ga Hibi ("Those Were
891-441: The mountains to organize the Mountain Village Operation Units. In reality, however, the social and economic conditions in early 1950s Japan differed greatly from those found in 1940s China, and the Mountain Village Operation Units had been given an impossible task. Sent into the mountains without training, food, supplies, or weapons, they were supposed to build a revolutionary army in accordance with Maoist doctrine by radicalizing
924-399: The police. Without achieving any of its aims, the operations of the Mountain Village Operation Units were extinguished by a police crackdown. In deference to the policy of the JCP, there were also students who had quit their studies and joined the Mountain Village Operation Units. It is said that these participants were in deep despair at the change in policy of the 6th Party Congress. Some of
957-614: The units was carrying out guerrilla operations against the Japanese government and the Allied Occupation of Japan inspired by Mao Zedong 's strategy of forming a base of operations in rural villages to launch a nationwide communist revolution . These operations achieved no successes and proved a disaster for the JCP's political prospects going forward. In early post-war Japan , the newly legalized Japanese Communist Party (JCP), guided by its charismatic leader Sanzō Nosaka , pursued
990-598: The urban guerilla squads that wreaked the most havoc, carrying out the Bloody May Day protests on May 1, 1952 and a variety of other attacks on Japanese police and U.S. military installations. The backlash to the JCP's new militant line was swift and severe. In July 1952, the Subversive Activities Prevention Law was enacted and enforced to clamp down on the JCP's attacks, with militants being rounded up, tried, and sentenced to lengthy prison terms. In
1023-467: The wake of this devastating "Cominform Criticism" would ultimately lead, by the summer of 1951, to a complete reversal in JCP tactics from the peaceful pursuit of revolution within democratic institutions to an embrace of immediate and violent revolution along Maoist lines. General Secretary Kyuichi Tokuda and his allies saw this situation as a perfect opportunity to take personal control of the party through an informal process that did not involve convening
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1056-497: Was out of touch with the real situation in Japan's countryside and they were not supported at all by the locals. The exception was the travelling clinics operated by deployed medical teams who were greeted warmly in many of the villages they visited without local doctors. However, their arts and culture-based campaign, including such thing as kamishibai attacking " feudalistic " landlords, was not accepted by locals and their newspapers and propaganda leaflets were quickly handed over to
1089-412: Was the secret publication setting out concepts relating to the party's military policy such as construction and use of Molotov cocktails. It was actually an official bulletin called Internal and External Critiques , but took the title of How to Raise Flower Bulbs in order to disguise that. It was published several times through mimeograph. The policy of establishing the Mountain Village Operation Units
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