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28-481: The town owes its birth to the construction of the Rostov-Vladikavkaz Railway , which was completed in 1875. In 1878, the village which developed around the construction was officially recognized and named Sultanovsky . In 1906 the name was changed to Illarionovsky, in honor of Count I. I. Vorontsov-Dashkov, a local nobleman. In October 1921, at the end of the civil war when Soviet rule had been established,

56-721: A decree setting up a naval base for the Black Sea Fleet in Novorossiysk. Russia has allocated 12.3 billion rubles (about $ 480 million) for the construction of the new base between 2007 and 2012. The construction of other facilities and infrastructure at the base, including units for coastal troops, aviation and logistics, will continue beyond 2012. Russia planned to move the Black Sea Fleet with 80 warships and its headquarters from Sevastopol to Novorossiysk base in 2020. The Russian lease on port facilities in Sevastopol , which, though

84-468: A black double-headed eagle under a crown, in the paws of an eagle a scepter and a power, on the chest a scarlet shield in which a golden Orthodox cross above a silver inverted crescent. In 1994, the Soviet coat of arms was changed to a new one. In 2006, the coat of arms of 1914 was re-adopted with minor changes (a crown was added). The description of the modern coat of arms sounds like this in official sources: In

112-469: A borderline humid subtropical ( Cfa ) and Mediterranean climate ( Csa ) in the Köppen climate classification . Since the driest month has 36 mm (1.4 inches) and may or may not happen consistently in the summer, the city cannot be classified as solely humid subtropical or Mediterranean. The city sprawls along the shore of the non-freezing Tsemess Bay , which has been recognized since antiquity as one of

140-479: A gold shield with a black wavy tip is a black double-headed eagle crowned with an Imperial crown, with a scepter and a power in its paws, on the wings of which is a shield, in the scarlet field of which is a golden Orthodox eight-pointed cross mounted on a silver inverted crescent. The shield is crowned with a golden five-pronged tower crown. The city is located on the Black Sea . It is not a resort town, but Anapa to

168-591: A result of the Russo-Turkish War . After this, admirals Mikhail Lazarev and Nikolay Raevsky founded an eastern base for the Black Sea Fleet on the shore in 1838. Named after the province of Novorossiya , the port formed a vital link in the chain of forts known as the Black Sea Coastal Line , which stretched south to Sochi . During the rest of the 19th century, Novorossiysk developed rapidly. It

196-634: Is a city in Krasnodar Krai , Russia . It is one of the largest ports on the Black Sea . It is one of the few cities designated by the Soviet Union as a Hero City . Population: 262,293 ( 2021 Census ) ; 241,952 ( 2010 Census ) ; 232,079 ( 2002 Census ) ; 185,938 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . In antiquity, the shores of the Tsemes Bay were the site of Bata ( Ancient Greek : Βατά ), an ancient Greek colony that specialized in

224-615: Is connected by rail and highways to the main industrial and population centres of Russia, Transcaucasia, and Central Asia. It is served by the Novorossiysk railway station . The closest airports ( Gelendzhik Airport , Anapa Airport and Krasnodar Airport , situated 33 kilometres (21 mi), 53 kilometres (33 mi) and 172 kilometres (107 mi) away from the city, respectively, offer flights to many cities in Russia. The city association football team, FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk , plays in

252-564: Is located along the Kuma River and the main rail line between Rostov-on-Don in Russia and Baku in Azerbaijan. Mineralnye Vody's climate classified as humid continental ( Köppen climate classification Dfa ). North Caucasus Railway The North Caucasus Railway (Russian: Северо-Кавказская железная дорога ) is a 1,520 mm ( 4 ft  11 + 27 ⁄ 32  in ) broad gauge Russian railway network that links

280-567: Is operated by the Russian Railways and employs 80,757 people. The Black Sea resorts of Sochi , Gelendzhik and Anapa are the principal passenger destinations on the railway. The Sochi line, running for many miles along the coast of the Black Sea, is especially busy in summer with regular extra direct express trains for holiday makers. The oil ports at Novorossiysk and Tuapse are significant destinations for rail freight traffic. In 1937

308-491: The City of Novorossiysk —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , the City of Novorossiysk is incorporated as Novorossiysk Urban Okrug . The coat of arms of Novorossiysk was officially approved by Emperor Nicholas II on October 15, 1914. The description of the coat of arms was as follows: in a golden field above a black wavy tip,

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336-652: The Caspian Pipeline Consortium . Novorossiysk is also an industrial city, dependent on steel , food processing , and the production of metal goods and other manufactures. Extensive limestone quarries supply important cement factories in and around the city. The town is home to the Maritime State Academy and Novorossiysk Polytechnic Institute. Novorossiysk is the biggest Russian seaport. In 2019 cargo turnover amounted to 142,5m tons In 2021 cargo turnover amounted to 105,2m tons Novorossiysk

364-533: The Russian Armed Forces during the 2014 Crimean crisis and as such the question of renewing the lease does not immediately arise while Crimea remains illegally occupied by the Russian Federation according to international law (See: Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation ). Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is, together with twenty-four rural localities , incorporated as

392-889: The Sea of Azov (in the west) and Caspian Sea (in the east). It runs through ten federal subjects: Rostov Oblast , Krasnodar Krai , Stavropol Krai , Republic of Adygeya , Karachay–Cherkessia , North Ossetia , Ingushetia , Chechnya , Dagestan , and Kalmykia . The headquarters are the North Caucasus Railway Administration Building in Rostov-on-Don . The network comprises Grozny , Krasnodar , Makhachkala , Mineralnye Vody , and Rostov passenger and freight railways, as well as two children's railways (in Vladikavkaz and Rostov). As of 2005 , there were 6315.9 km of railtrack and 403 railway stations. The railway

420-506: The administrative center of Mineralovodsky District , even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the town of krai significance of Mineralnye Vody —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , the territories of the town of krai significance of Mineralnye Vody and of Mineralovodsky District have been incorporated as Mineralovodsky Urban Okrug since June 7, 2015. Prior to that,

448-557: The grain trade . It is mentioned in the works of Strabo and Ptolemy , among others. Following brief periods of Roman and Khazar control, from the 9th century onwards, the area was part of the Byzantine θέμα Χερσῶνος Thema Khersonos (Province of Cherson). During the 11th century, the area was overrun and controlled by nomads from the Eurasian steppe, led by the Cumans . Later that century,

476-541: The Byzantine emperor Ἀλέξιος Κομνηνός Alexios I Komnenos ( r. 1081–1118) was approached by Anglo-Saxon refugees, who had left England following the Norman conquest . Alexios offered land to these refugees in Thema Khersonos if they could recapture it from the nomads and there is contemporaneous evidence that a Byzantine-English colony was subsequently founded. For example, medieval nautical charts mention place names on

504-514: The Kuban coast with possible English origins, including a port (located within or near the future site of Novorossiysk) known as Susaco (or Susacho ) – a name that may have been derived from Sussex . (The same maps also show, north-west of Susaco , a river Londia , which may derive its name from London . ) In the 15th century, Genoese merchants from the Ghisolfi family maintained a trade outpost in

532-810: The North Caucasus Railway was renamed after the Soviet party leader Sergo Ordzhonikidze but soon reverted to its traditional name. It was in the late 1950s that most of the railway network was electrified. In 1987 the line from Zverevo north to Chertkovo was transferred from the South Eastern Railway to the North Caucasus Railway, with the new connection between the two railways being just north of Chertkovo railway station . [REDACTED] Media related to North Caucasus Railway at Wikimedia Commons Novorossiysk Novorossiysk ( Russian : Новоросси́йск , IPA: [nəvərɐˈsʲijsk] ; Adyghe : ЦӀэмэз , romanized:  C̣ămăz )

560-472: The area. A 2007 archaeological investigation of related sites discovered some interesting items. From 1722, the bay was controlled by an Ottoman fortress ( qale ) named Sujuk (also transliterated Sudzhuk , Sudschuk and Soğucak ). This name may be derived from Susaco (see above) and, as late as 1769, the area was sometimes named in European maps as Suzako . The coastline was ceded to Russia in 1829 as

588-508: The district was incorporated as Mineralovodsky Municipal District, with the town of krai significance of Mineralnye Vody being incorporated within it as Mineralnye Vody Urban Settlement . The town is served by the Mineralnye Vody Airport , connecting the town with some Russian and international destinations. It is connected by R217 highway (Russia) to Krasnodar and Derbent . The R217 forms part of European route E50 . The town

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616-497: The main base of Russia's Black Sea Fleet , was part of Ukraine , was set to expire in 2017. Ukraine was reported to be planning not to renew the lease; however, in April 2010 the Russian and Ukrainian presidents signed an agreement to extend the lease by twenty-five years, with an option of further extension of five years after the new term expires. However, in 2014, Crimea was occupied by

644-479: The name was again changed to Mineralnye Vody and town status was granted. The new town had a population of around 14.000 people. It was occupied by Nazi Germany between 10 August 1942 and 11 January 1943 during World War II . During the German occupation, between 6500 and 7500 Jews were murdered in an anti-tank ditches located next to the city, Within the framework of administrative divisions , Mineralnye Vody serves as

672-526: The north and Gelendzhik to the south are. There are several urban settlements under the jurisdiction of Novorossiysk. The most famous is Abrau-Dyurso , which consists of a townlet on the shore of Lake Abrau and a village on the coast of the Black Sea, connected by a winding mountain road. The area of Novorossiysk is one of Russia's main wine-growing regions. The wineries of Abrau-Dyurso , established by Tsar Alexander III in 1870, produce table and sparkling wines for domestic consumption. Novorossiysk has

700-531: The superior bays of the Black Sea . The Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port –with the market capitalization of $ 1,110,000,000 and shares listed at Moscow Exchange and London Stock Exchange –serves Russian sea trade with regions of Asia, Middle East, Africa, Mediterranean, and South America. It is the busiest oil port in the Black Sea and the terminus of the pipeline from the Tengiz Field in Kazakhstan , developed by

728-729: The town was liberated by the Red Army on September 16, 1943. The heroic defense of the port by the sailors allowed the Soviets to retain possession of the city's bay, which prevented the Axis from using the port for supply shipments. Novorossiysk was awarded the title Hero City in 1973. In 1960, the town was commemorated in Dmitri Shostakovich 's work Novorossiysk Chimes, the Flame of Eternal Glory (Opus 111b). In 2003, President Vladimir Putin signed

756-599: Was granted city status in 1866 and became the capital of the Novorossiysk Okrug and Black Sea Governorate , the smallest in the Russian Empire , in 1896. In December 1905, the city was the seat of the short-lived Novorossiysk Republic . From August 26, 1918, until March 27, 1920, the city was used as the principal center of Denikin 's White Army during the Russian Civil War . Denikin's South Russian Government

784-469: Was moved to Crimea and many Whites escaped from Novorossiysk to Constantinople during the Evacuation of Novorossiysk (1920) , with the help of Allied warships. During World War II , most of the city was occupied by the German and Romanian Armies on September 10, 1942. A small unit of Soviet sailors defended one part of the city, known as Malaya Zemlya , for 225 days beginning on February 4, 1943, and

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