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53-454: The Mineral Range is a mountain range in Siskiyou County , California . This Siskiyou County, California -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Siskiyou County, California Siskiyou County ( / ˈ s ɪ s k juː / SISK -yoo ) is a county located in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of California . As of

106-523: A complex shape, including the main summit and the prominent and visibly conical satellite cone of 12,330 ft (3,760 m) Shastina. If Shastina were a separate mountain, it would rank as the fourth-highest peak of the Cascade Range (after Mount Rainier , Rainier's Liberty Cap , and Mount Shasta itself). Mount Shasta's surface is relatively free of deep glacial erosion except, paradoxically, for its south side where Sargents Ridge runs parallel to

159-479: A dacite dome intruded the cone and now forms the summit. The rock at the 600-foot-wide (180 m) summit crater has been extensively hydrothermally altered by sulfurous hot springs and fumaroles there (only a few examples still remain). In the last 8,000 years, the Hotlum Cone has erupted at least eight or nine times. About 200 years ago, the last significant Mount Shasta eruption came from this cone and created

212-555: A dramatic popular article about his surviving an overnight blizzard on Mount Shasta by lying in the hot sulfur springs near the summit. This experience was inspiration to Kim Stanley Robinson 's short story "Muir on Shasta". The 1887 completion of the Central Pacific Railroad , built along the line of the Siskiyou Trail between California and Oregon, brought a substantial increase in tourism, lumbering, and population into

265-658: A ford on the Umpqua River by Michel Laframboise and his Hudson's Bay Company trappers in 1832. Others claim the Six Cailloux name was appropriated by Stephen Meek , another Hudson's Bay Company trapper who discovered Scott Valley, for a crossing on the Klamath River near Hornbrook . The county is home to the Black Bear Ranch , a commune started in 1968 with the slogan "Free Land for free people." On September 4, 2013,

318-415: A fumarole at the summit of Mount Shasta from a deep-seated reservoir of partly molten rock. Mount Shasta can release volcanic ash , pyroclastic flows or dacite and andesite lava . Its deposits can be detected under nearby small towns. Mount Shasta has an explosive, eruptive history. There are fumaroles on the mountain, which show Mount Shasta is still alive. The worst-case scenario for an eruption

371-580: A hornblende dacite dome. There are many buried glacial scars on the mountain that were created in recent glacial periods ("ice ages") of the present Wisconsinian glaciation . Most have since been filled in with andesite lava , pyroclastic flows , and talus from lava domes. Shastina, by comparison, has a fully intact summit crater indicating Shastina developed after the last ice age . Shastina has been built by mostly pyroxene andesite lava flows. Some 9,500 years ago, these flows reached about 6.8 mi (10.9 km) south and 3 mi (4.8 km) north of

424-493: A man who, introducing himself as the Count of St. Germain , is said to have started Ballard on the path to discovering the teachings that would become the "I AM" Activity religious movement. In 2009, a group of hikers were making their way up Mt. Shasta when they reported seeing a flying humanoid creature with batlike features. They described what they saw as a man “stocky as Hulk Hogan, with leathery wings fifty feet from one end to

477-572: A new state from several counties of northern California and the adjoining counties of southern Oregon. The movement has seen a revival in recent years. The origin of the word Siskiyou is not known. It may be a Chinook Jargon word for a "bob-tailed horse" (ultimately originating in Cree ), or as was argued before the State Senate in 1852, from the French Six Cailloux (six stones), a name given to

530-489: A plurality of votes in 1992 . Siskiyou County is in California's 1st congressional district , represented by Republican Doug LaMalfa . In the state legislature Siskiyou is in the 1st Senate District , represented by Republican Megan Dahle , and the 1st Assembly District , represented by Republican Heather Hadwick . On November 4, 2008, Siskiyou County voted 60.1% for Proposition 8 which amended

583-525: A pyroclastic flow, a hot lahar (mudflow), and three cold lahars, which streamed 7.5 mi (12.1 km) down Mount Shasta's east flank via Ash Creek. A separate hot lahar went 12 mi (19 km) down Mud Creek. This eruption was thought to have been observed by the explorer La Pérouse , from his ship off the California coast, in 1786, but this has been disputed. During the last 10,000 years, Mount Shasta has erupted an average of every 800 years, but in

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636-410: Is a large pyroclastic flow, similar to that which occurred in the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens . Since there is ice, such as Whitney Glacier and Mud Creek Glacier , lahars would also result. The United States Geological Survey monitors Mount Shasta and rates it as a very high-threat volcano. The summer climbing season runs from late April until October, although many attempts are made in

689-462: Is an avalanche chute that was probably carved into Shastina's western face by these flows. The last to form, and the highest cone, the Hotlum Cone, formed about 8,000 years ago. It is named after the Hotlum glacier on its northern face; its longest lava flow, the 500-foot-thick (150 m) Military Pass flow, extends 5.5 mi (8.9 km) down its northeast face. Since the creation of the Hotlum Cone,

742-525: Is connected to its satellite cone of Shastina , and together they dominate the landscape. Shasta rises abruptly to tower nearly 10,000 feet (3,000 m) above its surroundings. On a clear winter day, the mountain can be seen from the floor of the Central Valley 140 miles (230 km) to the south. The mountain has attracted the attention of poets, authors, and presidents. The mountain consists of four overlapping dormant volcanic cones that have built

795-466: Is viewed as sufficiently pure and abundant that the county is a source of significant amounts of bottled water, distributed throughout the country. A large Crystal Geyser plant is at the base of Mt. Shasta, near Weed. Substantial amounts of the county are forested within the Siskiyou and Cascade Ranges, including significant oak woodland and mixed conifer forests . Siskiyou County is the northern extent of

848-560: The 2020 census , the population was 44,076. Its county seat is Yreka and its highest point is Mount Shasta . It falls within the Cascadia bioregion . Siskiyou County is in the Shasta Cascade region along the Oregon border. Because of its outdoor recreation, Mt. Shasta, McCloud River, and Gold Rush-era history, it is an important tourist destination within the state. Siskiyou County

901-616: The Klamath Tribes in the area held that Mount Shasta is inhabited by the Spirit of the Above-World, Skell, who descended from heaven to the mountain's summit at the request of a Klamath chief. Skell fought with Spirit of the Below-World, Llao, who resided at Mount Mazama by throwing hot rocks and lava, probably representing the volcanic eruptions at both mountains. Italian settlers arrived in

954-482: The McCloud River area practice rituals on the mountain. Mount Shasta has also been a focus for non-Native American legends, centered on a hidden city of advanced beings from the lost continent of Lemuria . The legend grew from an offhand mention of Lemuria in the 1880s, to a description of a hidden Lemurian village in 1925. In 1931, Harvey Spencer Lewis , using the pseudonym Wishar S[penle] Cerve, wrote Lemuria:

1007-475: The Pacific Northwest . The California Gold Rush brought the first Euro-American settlements into the area in the early 1850s, including at Yreka, California and Upper Soda Springs . The first recorded ascent of Mount Shasta occurred in 1854 (by Elias Pearce), after several earlier failed attempts. In 1856, the first women (Harriette Eddy, Mary Campbell McCloud, and their party) reached the summit. By

1060-480: The U-shaped Avalanche Gulch. This is the largest glacial valley on the volcano, although it does not now have a glacier in it. There are seven named glaciers on Mount Shasta, with the four largest ( Whitney , Bolam , Hotlum , and Wintun ) radiating down from high on the main summit cone to below 10,000 ft (3,000 m) primarily on the north and east sides. The Whitney Glacier is the longest, and

1113-471: The census of 2000, there were 44,301 people, 18,556 households, and 12,228 families residing in the county. The population density was 7 per square mile (2.7/km ). There were 21,947 housing units at an average density of 4 per square mile (1.5/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 87.1% White , 1.3% Black or African American , 3.9% Native American , 1.2% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 2.8% from other races , and 3.7% from two or more races. 7.6% of

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1166-499: The 1830s. Its length was increased by " Forty-Niners " during the California gold rush . After the discovery of an important gold strike near today's Yreka, California , in 1851, prospectors flooded the area. This was described in detail by Joaquin Miller in his semi-autobiographical novel Life Amongst the Modocs. In the mid-1880s, the construction of the Central Pacific Railroad along

1219-503: The 1860s and 1870s, Mount Shasta was the subject of scientific and literary interest. In 1854 John Rollin Ridge titled a poem "Mount Shasta." A book by California pioneer and entrepreneur James Hutchings , titled Scenes of Wonder and Curiosity in California , contained an account of an early summit trip in 1855. The summit was achieved (or nearly so) by John Muir , Josiah Whitney , Clarence King , and John Wesley Powell . In 1877, Muir wrote

1272-550: The California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages. Dunsmuir and Mount Shasta voted against Prop 8. On September 3, 2013, the Siskiyou County Board of Supervisors voted 4–1 in favor of secession from California to form a proposed state named Jefferson . A similar move was made in 1941, but was shelved due to the attack on Pearl Harbor . The following table includes the number of incidents reported and

1325-452: The Hotlum is the most voluminous glacier in the state of California. Three of the smaller named glaciers occupy cirques near and above 11,000 ft (3,400 m) on the south and southeast sides, including the Watkins , Konwakiton , and Mud Creek glaciers. The oldest-known human settlement in the area dates to about 7,000 years ago. At the time of Euro-American contact in the 1810s,

1378-542: The Native American tribes who lived within view of Mount Shasta included the Shasta , Okwanuchu , Modoc , Achomawi , Atsugewi , Karuk , Klamath , Wintu , and Yana tribes. A historic eruption of Mount Shasta in 1786 may have been observed by Lapérouse , but this is disputed. Smithsonian Institution 's Global Volcanism Program says that the 1786 eruption is discredited, and that the last known eruption of Mount Shasta

1431-571: The Sargents Ridge vent cover the Everitt Hill shield at Mount Shasta's southern foot. The last lavas to erupt from the vent were hornblende - pyroxene andesites with a hornblende dacite dome at its summit. Glacial erosion has since modified its shape. The next cone to form is exposed south of Mount Shasta's current summit and is called Misery Hill. It was formed 15,000 to 20,000 years ago from pyroxene andesite flows and has since been intruded by

1484-533: The Siskiyou County Board of Supervisors voted 4 to 1 to secede from the State of California. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 6,347 square miles (16,440 km ), of which 6,278 square miles (16,260 km ) is land and 69 square miles (180 km ), or 1.1%, is water. It is the fifth-largest county by area in California. Siskiyou County is geographically diverse. From towering Mount Shasta (elev. 14,179 ft; 4,322 m) near

1537-470: The Siskiyou Trail brought the first wave of tourism. Visitors were drawn by the county's many summer resorts , and to hunt or fish in the largely untouched region. The Southern Pacific railroad , the successor to the Central Pacific, called its rail line “The Road of A Thousand Wonders.” In the early 1940s, Siskiyou County was home to the semi-serious State of Jefferson movement, which sought to create

1590-585: The Siskiyou Trail, Interstate 5 , brings thousands of people each year to Mount Shasta. From February 13–19, 1959, the Mount Shasta Ski Bowl obtained the record for the most snowfall during one storm in the U.S., with a total of 15.75 feet (480 cm). Mount Shasta was declared a National Natural Landmark in December 1976. The "Shasta Gulch" is referenced in the lyrics to the 1994 song "Unfair" by cult indie rock band Pavement . The lore of some of

1643-423: The age of 18 living with them, 51.7% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.1% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.87. In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.0% under

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1696-461: The age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 28.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.1 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 29,530, and the median income for a family was $ 36,890. Males had a median income of $ 31,936 versus $ 22,650 for females. The per capita income for

1749-468: The area around Mount Shasta. Early resorts and hotels, such as Shasta Springs and Upper Soda Springs , grew up along the Siskiyou Trail around Mount Shasta, catering to these early adventuresome tourists and mountaineers. In the early 20th century, the Pacific Highway followed the track of the Siskiyou Trail to the base of Mount Shasta, leading to still more access to the mountain. Today's version of

1802-488: The area now occupied by nearby Black Butte . The last eruptions formed Shastina's present summit about a hundred years later. But before that, Shastina, along with the then forming Black Butte dacite plug dome complex to the west, created numerous pyroclastic flows that covered 43 sq mi (110 km ), including large parts of what is now Mount Shasta, California and Weed, California . Diller Canyon (400 ft or 120 m deep and 0.25 mi or 400 m wide)

1855-454: The center of the county, to lakes and dense forests, as well as desert, chaparral, and memorable waterfalls, the county is home to world-famous trout-fishing rivers and streams, such as the Sacramento and McCloud rivers. The county is dotted as well with lakes and reservoirs, such as Castle Lake and Lake Siskiyou . Mount Shasta itself has a winter sports center. Pastoral Scott Valley in

1908-611: The county in Medford, Oregon , Crater Lake–Klamath Regional Airport , northeast of the county in Klamath Falls, Oregon , and Redding Municipal Airport south of the county in Redding, California . Siskiyou is a strongly Republican county in Presidential and congressional elections. The last Democrat to win a majority in the county was Lyndon Johnson in 1964 ; however, Bill Clinton won

1961-617: The county is densely forested with pine , fir , incense-cedar , oak , and madrone ; Siskiyou County is also home to the rare Baker's Cypress Tree, Cupressus bakeri , which grows in only eleven scattered locations in the world, five of which are in Siskiyou County. The county's natural resources are most often used these days for skiing, snowboarding, hiking , mountain biking , camping , and wilderness recreation, as historic logging practices have been largely discontinued due to Federal and State environmental regulations. The county's water

2014-469: The county was $ 17,570. About 14.0% of families and 18.6% of the population were below the poverty line , including 26.6% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over. The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Siskiyou County. † county seat Mount Shasta The origin of the name " Shasta " is vague, either derived from a people of a name like it or otherwise garbled by early Westerners. Mount Shasta

2067-400: The early 1900s to work in the mills as stonemasons and established a strong Catholic presence in the area. Mount Shasta City and Dunsmuir, California , small towns near Shasta's western base, are focal points for many of these, which range from a Buddhist monastery ( Shasta Abbey , founded by Houn Jiyu-Kennett in 1971) to modern-day Native American rituals. A group of Native Americans from

2120-469: The entire north side of the volcano collapsed, creating an enormous landslide or debris avalanche , 6.5 cu mi (27 km ) in volume. The slide flowed northwestward into Shasta Valley , where the Shasta River now cuts through the 28-mile-long (45 km) flow. What remains of the oldest of Mount Shasta's four cones is exposed at Sargents Ridge on the south side of the mountain. Lavas from

2173-557: The lost continent of the Pacific , published by AMORC , about the hidden Lemurians of Mount Shasta that cemented the legend in many readers' minds. In August 1987, believers in the spiritual significance of the Harmonic Convergence described Mount Shasta as one of a small number of global "power centers". Mount Shasta remains a focus of " New Age " attention. According to Guy Ballard , while hiking on Mount Shasta, he encountered

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2226-564: The name Shasta was transferred to present-day Mount Shasta in 1841, partly as a result of work by the United States Exploring Expedition . Beginning in the 1820s, Mount Shasta was a prominent landmark along what became known as the Siskiyou Trail , which runs at Mount Shasta's base. The Siskiyou Trail was on the track of an ancient trade and travel route of Native American footpaths between California's Central Valley and

2279-465: The other and the face of a bat.” Despite the conflicting details, both accounts have been added to the legend of Batsquatch as additional proof. See news article here: https://pacsentinel.com/batsquatch/ About 593,000 years ago, andesitic lavas erupted in what is now Mount Shasta's western flank near McBride Spring. Over time, an ancestral Mount Shasta stratovolcano was built to a large but unknown height; sometime between 300,000 and 360,000 years ago

2332-435: The past 4,500 years the volcano has erupted an average of every 600 years. USGS seismometers and GPS receivers operated by UNAVCO form the monitoring network for Mount Shasta. The volcano has been relatively quiet during the 21st century, with only a handful of small magnitude earthquakes and no demonstrable ground deformation . Although geophysically quiet, periodic geochemical surveys indicate that volcanic gas emanates from

2385-455: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 13.5% were of German , 12.0% English , 9.8% Irish , 9.5% American and 7.1% Italian ancestry according to Census 2000 . 91.7% spoke English and 5.7% Spanish as their first language. As of March 2012, the largest self-reported ancestry groups in Siskiyou County are 15% German , 13% English , 12% Irish and 6% Italian . There were 18,556 households, out of which 27.6% had children under

2438-751: The range for California Buckeye , a widespread California endemic. The Klamath National Forest occupies 1,700,000 acres (6,900 km ) of land which includes elements in Siskiyou County as well as Jackson County, Oregon . Siskiyou Transit And General Express (STAGE) operates buses connecting the more populated areas of the county. Amtrak trains stop in Dunsmuir . Amtrak Thruway formerly operated between Sacramento and Medford, OR, with stops in Yreka, Weed, Mount Shasta, and Dunsmuir, for passengers connecting to and from Amtrak trains in Sacramento or Stockton; this service

2491-463: The rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense. The 2010 United States Census reported Siskiyou County had a population of 44,900. The racial makeup of Siskiyou County was 38,030 (84.7%) White , 571 (1.3%) African American , 1,814 (4.0%) Native American , 540 (1.2%) Asian , 80 (0.2%) Pacific Islander , 1,491 (3.3%) from other races , and 2,374 (5.3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4,615 persons (10.3%). As of

2544-421: The very high hill called by soldiers that went near its slope Jesus Maria, It is entirely covered with snow." Peter Skene Ogden (a leader of a Hudson's Bay Company trapping brigade) in 1826 recorded sighting the mountain, and in 1827, the name "Sasty" or "Sastise" was given to nearby Mount McLoughlin by Ogden. An 1839 map by David Burr lists the mountain as Rogers Peak. This name was apparently dropped, and

2597-478: The western part of the county has many wide, tree-lined meadows, supporting large cattle ranches. The basins of northeastern Siskiyou County, including Butte Valley, Lower Klamath and Tule Lake basins, have some of the deepest and richest soils in the state, producing alfalfa, potatoes, horseradish, and brewing barley. Butte Valley nurseries are the leading source of premium strawberry plants in North America. Much of

2650-399: The winter. Mount Shasta is also a popular destination for backcountry skiing . Many of the climbing routes can be descended by experienced skiers, and there are numerous lower-angled areas around the base of the mountain. No quota system currently exists for climbing Mount Shasta, and reservations are not required. However, climbers must obtain a summit pass and a wilderness permit to climb

2703-584: Was around 1250 AD, proved by uncorrected radiocarbon dating. Although earlier Spanish explorers are likely to have sighted the mountain, the first written record and description was made in May 20, 1817 by Spaniard Narciso Durán, a member of the Luis Antonio Argüello expedition into the upper areas of the Sacramento River Valley, who wrote "At about ten leagues to the northwest of this place we saw

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2756-501: Was created on March 22, 1852, from parts of Shasta and Klamath Counties, and named after the Siskiyou mountain range . Parts of the county's territory were given to Modoc County in 1855. The county is the site of the central section of the Siskiyou Trail , which ran between California's Central Valley and the Pacific Northwest . The Siskiyou Trail followed indigenous footpaths, and was extended by Hudson's Bay Company trappers in

2809-545: Was discontinued in 2009. Greyhound buses pass through the county on Interstate 5 with a stop in Weed. Siskiyou County owns and operates Butte Valley Airport , Happy Camp Airport , Scott Valley Airport , Siskiyou County Airport and Weed Airport (all general aviation). Dunsmuir Municipal-Mott Airport and Montague-Yreka Rohrer Field are also within the county. The closest airports for commercial domestic plane departures are Rogue Valley International-Medford Airport north of

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