Misplaced Pages

#620379

27-461: The term is also the demonym of Minas Gerais. It is notable for being spoken in its capital, Belo Horizonte , and its historical cities: Ouro Preto (capital from 1720 until 1897), Mariana (first major town in Minas Gerais, founded in 1696), Santa Bárbara , Sabará , Diamantina , Tiradentes , São João del-Rei , Congonhas , Serro , Caeté , Itabira etc. Ten million people, about half of

54-483: A Person From...? A Dictionary of Resident Names (the first edition of Labels for Locals ) Dickson attributed the term to George H. Scheetz, in his Names' Names: A Descriptive and Prescriptive Onymicon (1988), which is apparently where the term first appears. The term may have been fashioned after demonymic , which the Oxford English Dictionary defines as the name of an Athenian citizen according to

81-457: A clan, or gens ') is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (hamlet, village, town, city, region, province, state, country, and continent). Demonyms are used to designate all people (the general population) of a particular place, regardless of ethnic, linguistic, religious or other cultural differences that may exist within

108-519: A native of the United Kingdom may be called a British person , a Briton or, informally, a Brit . Some demonyms may have several meanings. For example, the demonym Macedonians may refer to the population of North Macedonia , or more generally to the entire population of the region of Macedonia , a portion of which is in Greece . In some languages, a demonym may be borrowed from another language as

135-485: A nickname or descriptive adjective for a group of people: for example, Québécois , Québécoise (female) is commonly used in English for a native of the province or city of Quebec (though Quebecer , Quebecker are also available). In English, demonyms are always capitalized . Often, demonyms are the same as the adjectival form of the place, e.g. Egyptian , Japanese , or Greek . However, they are not necessarily

162-446: A truncated form of the toponym , or place-name.) "-ish" is usually proper only as an adjective. See note below list. -ene Often used for Middle Eastern locations and European locations. -ensian -ard -ese, -nese or -lese "-ese" is usually considered proper only as an adjective, or to refer to the entirety. Thus, "a Chinese person" is used rather than "a Chinese". Often used for Italian and East Asian, from

189-619: Is encountered also in Latinate names for the various people that ancient Romans encountered (e.g. Allemanni , Helvetii ). -i.e. is rather used for English places. -iot or -iote Used especially for Greek locations. Backformation from Cypriot , itself based in Greek -ώτης . -k -asque Often used for Italian and French locations. -(we)gian -onian Entre-Douro-e-Minho Province Entre Douro e Minho ( Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈẽtɾɨ ˈðoɾu i ˈmiɲu] )

216-587: Is level and unbroken except by the estuaries of the main rivers; inland, the elevation gradually increases towards the north and east, where several mountain ranges mark the frontier. Of these, the most important are the Serra da Peneda (4,728 feet, 1,441 m), between the rivers Minho and Lima ; the Serra do Gerez (4,357 feet, 1,328 m), on the Galician border; the Serra da Cabreira (4,021 feet, 1,226 m), immediately to

243-542: Is mostly used by the natives in the province of Quezon , is also used for their local or native demonyms in English . -a(ñ/n)o/a, -e(ñ/n)o/a, or -i(ñ/n)o/a Adaptations from the standard Spanish suffix -e(ñ/n)o (sometimes using a final -a instead of -o for a female, following the standard Spanish suffix -e(ñ/n)a ) Countries and regions Cities -ite -(e)r Often used for European locations and Canadian locations -(i)sh (Usually suffixed to

270-486: Is one of the historical provinces of Portugal which encompassed the country's northern Atlantic seaboard between the Douro and Minho rivers. Contemporaries often referred to the province as simply "Minho". It was one of six provinces Portugal was commonly divided into from the early modern period until 1936, although these provinces were not recognized as official units of government. The coastline of Entre Minho e Douro

297-523: Is spoken in the following regions of the state: Cities where geraizeiro is spoken are: Montes Claros , Governador Valadares , Teófilo Otoni , Paracatu , Unaí , João Pinheiro , Pirapora , Buritizeiro , São Francisco , Januária , Janaúba , Bocaiúva , Várzea da Palma , Espinosa , Salinas , Nanuque , Almenara , Capelinha , Araçuaí , Jequitinhonha , Grão Mogol , Medina , Águas Vermelhas , Itacambira , Itamarandiba , Matias Cardoso , Manga , Malacacheta , Água Boa , Jacinto . Minas Gerais

SECTION 10

#1732876795621

324-525: The English language , there are many polysemic words that have several meanings (including demonymic and ethnonymic uses), and therefore a particular use of any such word depends on the context. For example, the word Thai may be used as a demonym, designating any inhabitant of Thailand , while the same word may also be used as an ethnonym, designating members of the Thai people . Conversely, some groups of people may be associated with multiple demonyms. For example,

351-979: The deme to which the citizen belongs, with its first use traced to 1893. Several linguistic elements are used to create demonyms in the English language . The most common is to add a suffix to the end of the location name, slightly modified in some instances. These may resemble Late Latin , Semitic , Celtic , or Germanic suffixes, such as -(a)n , -ian , -anian , -nian , -in(e) , -a(ñ/n)o/a , -e(ñ/n)o/a , -i(ñ/n)o/a , -ite , -(e)r , -(i)sh , -ene , -ensian , -ard , -ese , -nese , -lese , -i(e) , -i(ya) , -iot , -iote , -k , -asque , -(we)gian , -onian , -vian , -ois(e) , or -ais(e) . -(a)n Continents and regions Countries Constituent states, provinces and regions Cities -ian Countries Constituent states, provinces, regions and cities -anian -nian -in(e) -(h)in The Tayabas Tagalog suffix -(h)in , which

378-611: The Italian suffix -ese , which is originally from the Latin adjectival ending -ensis , designating origin from a place: thus Hispaniensis (Spanish), Danensis (Danish), etc. The use in demonyms for Francophone locations is motivated by the similar-sounding French suffix -ais(e) , which is at least in part a relative (< lat. -ensis or -iscus , or rather both). -i(e) or -i(ya) Countries States, provinces, counties, and cities Mostly for Middle Eastern and South Asian locales. -i

405-769: The dialect was the Esboço de um Atlas Linguístico de Minas Gerais (EALMG), "Draft of a Linguistic Atlas for Minas Gerais". The work was done in 1977 by the Federal University of Juiz de Fora . Until today, it is the most important linguistic study about the state. This dialect is often hard to understand for people outside the region where it is spoken due to heavy assimilation and elision. Demonym A demonym ( / ˈ d ɛ m ə n ɪ m / ; from Ancient Greek δῆμος ( dêmos )  'people, tribe' and ὄνυμα ( ónuma )  'name') or gentilic (from Latin gentilis  'of

432-536: The intervention of the Portuguese Crown after a serious uprisal developed into civil war ( Guerra dos Emboabas ) with the final defeat of the paulistas in 1708. In the 19th century, the state was being forgotten due to the decline of gold mining. Due to this isolation, the state was influenced by the dialect of Rio de Janeiro in the southeast, while the south and the Triangulo Mineiro region, began to speak

459-659: The name Entre-Douro-e-Minho (" Between-Douro-and-Minho ") was strictly taken in account, the latter definition would make sense. There are three other large rivers which, like the Minho, flow west-south-west into the Atlantic. The Lima or Antela (Spanish Limia) rises in Galicia, and reaches the sea at Viana do Castelo ; the Cávado springs from the southern foothills of La Raya Seca, on the northern frontier of Trás-os-Montes , and forms, at its mouth,

486-510: The population of that place. Examples of demonyms include Cochabambino , for someone from the city of Cochabamba ; Tunisian for a person from Tunisia; and Swahili , for a person of the Swahili coast . As a sub-field of anthroponymy , the study of demonyms is called demonymy or demonymics . Since they are referring to territorially defined groups of people, demonyms are semantically different from ethnonyms (names of ethnic groups ). In

513-447: The rustic dialect of São Paulo ( caipira ). The central region of Minas Gerais, however, developed their own dialect, which is known as Mineiro or mountain dialect. This dialect is also present in cities of the center and southeast of the state, which is surrounded by mountains and mines. Recently, the influence of mineiro has been increasing and spreading, due to local pride and rejection of other accents. The first scientific study of

540-445: The same, as exemplified by Spanish instead of Spaniard or British instead of Briton. English commonly uses national demonyms such as Brazilian or Algerian , while the usage of local demonyms such as Chicagoan , Okie or Parisian is less common. Many local demonyms are rarely used and many places, especially smaller towns and cities, lack a commonly used and accepted demonym altogether. National Geographic attributes

567-628: The small harbour of Esposende ; and the Ave descends from its sources in the Serra da Cabreira to Vila do Conde , where it enters the Atlantic . A large right-hand tributary of the Douro, the Tâmega , rises in Galicia, and skirts the western slopes of the Serra de Marão. The separated municipalities of Gaia and Vila Nova were integrated in the administration of Porto city between 1383 and 1518. In 1936, when Portugal

SECTION 20

#1732876795621

594-525: The south; and the Serra do Marão (4,642 feet, 1,415 m), in the extreme south-east. As its name implies, the province is bounded by two rivers, the Douro on the south, and the Minho, or Miño, on the north. Some old maps show areas south of the Douro River belonging to the old Entre-Douro-e-Minho territory, while other old maps make the province exactly match the current Viana do Castelo District , Braga District and Porto District . Nevertheless, if

621-825: The state's population, speak it. The dialect is mainly spoken in four geographic regions of the state. The four regions have a great population density. The caipira dialect is spoken in the following regions of the state: Cities where caipira is spoken are: Uberlândia , Uberaba , Araguari , Ituiutaba , Delta , Frutal , Iturama , Divinópolis , Nova Serrana , Itaúna , Pará de Minas , Luz , Bom Despacho , Abaeté , Bambuí , Formiga , Patos de Minas , Araxá , Patrocínio , Sacramento , São Gotardo , Poços de Caldas , Pouso Alegre , Varginha , Passos , Lavras , Campo Belo , Arcos , Três Pontas , Boa Esperança , Capitólio , Campanha , Elói Mendes , Alfenas , Três Corações , Itajubá , São Lourenço , Caxambu , Muzambinho , Extrema , Camanducaia . The geraizeiro dialect

648-611: The term demonym to Merriam-Webster editor Paul Dickson in a work from 1990. The word did not appear for nouns, adjectives, and verbs derived from geographical names in the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary nor in prominent style manuals such as the Chicago Manual of Style . It was subsequently popularized in this sense in 1997 by Dickson in his book Labels for Locals . However, in What Do You Call

675-488: The then new Douro Litoral Province . Douro Litoral chieftaincy was attributed to the city of Porto . Being seen as a trace of Estado Novo policies, the territorial definitions of 1936, though having innocuous and non-political characters, were erased in 1976 soon after the Carnation Revolution . Nevertheless, people still use the designations of 1936 on a daily basis because they more or less accurately correspond to

702-471: Was divided into 13 official provinces , Entre Douro e Minho was split into Minho Province and Douro Litoral Province . This reform would make Minho Province corresponding exactly to modern Viana do Castelo District and Braga District . Minho's provincial chieftaincy was attributed to the city of Braga . On the other hand, Douro Litoral corresponded to modern Porto District plus four municipalities of Aveiro District , and two of Viseu District to

729-411: Was settled during the late 17th and early 18th centuries by a mix of recent Portuguese immigrants ( reinóis or emboabas ), mainly from Minho , and earlier colonists that came from São Paulo ( paulistas ). There was an intense rivalry between the two groups, fighting over the gold mines (from which the name of the province was taken, Minas Gerais means "General Mines"). These conflicts required

#620379