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46-449: In 1955 the array was used by Bernard F. Burke and Kenneth Franklin to discover 22.2 MHz radio emission from Jupiter , which they tentatively attributed to thunderstorm -like activity in Jupiter's atmosphere. Although radio waves had been detected from astronomical sources as early as 1931 , this was the first detection of radio waves from another planet. The field where the array

92-768: A Pilgrim from the Mayflower , had arrived in the area and established a fishing village at Marblehead Little Harbor. In May 1635, the General Court of Massachusetts Bay established the town of Marblehead on land that belonged to Salem. Marblehead residents, who never saw eye-to-eye with their more devout and conservative neighbors, were delighted, but less than a year later, the lawmakers reversed themselves. Marblehead finally became independent of Salem in 1649. At times called " Marvell Head" , " Marble Harbour " (by Captain John Smith ) and " Foy " (by immigrants from Fowey , Cornwall),

138-637: A decline. The storm is depicted in Fireboard: The Great Gale of 1846, c. 1850 by William Thompson Bartoll. A copy of the book is held by the Peabody Essex Museum . During the Civil War , 1,048 Marblehead men went to war, joining both the Army and Navy. One hundred ten died; 87 were wounded, many of whom died later of their injuries. During the war, Marblehead would raise almost $ 100,000 to supplement

184-439: A household in the town was $ 97,441, and the median income for a family was $ 129,968. Males had a median income of $ 70,470 versus $ 44,988 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 46,738. About 3.2% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.7% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over. Marblehead Public Schools oversees four schools: Brown and Glover elementary schools;

230-406: Is no connection between Marblehead and the city of Beverly across Beverly Harbor.) Marblehead is home to the eastern termini of Massachusetts Route 114 and Route 129 , which both terminate at the intersection of Pleasant Street and Ocean Avenue. Route 114 heads west into Salem, while Route 129 heads south along Atlantic Avenue into Swampscott towards Lynn. There are no freeways within town, with

276-532: Is performed at most major town events and commemorations. It was written by the Reverend Marcia Martin Selman to the music of the hymn tune "The Lily of the Valley", from a melody by J. R. Murray, "Songs of Rejoicing", 1888. There are six active yacht clubs in town: Club House Occupied (under 21 only) Marblehead has multiple historic cemeteries and public and private burial grounds found within

322-667: The American Revolution , as locally financed privateering vessels sought bounty from large European ships. Much early architecture survives from the era, including the Jeremiah Lee Mansion . A large percentage of residents became involved early in the Revolutionary War , and the sailors of Marblehead are generally recognized by scholars as forerunners of the United States Navy . The first vessel commissioned for

368-574: The Köppen Climate Classification system, Marblehead has a humid continental climate or an oceanic climate , abbreviated "Cfb" or "Dfb" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Marblehead was 101 °F (38.3 °C) on July 23, 2011, while the coldest temperature recorded was −20 °F (−28.9 °C) on February 4, 2023. As of the census of 2010, there were 19,808 people, 8,838 households, and 5,467 families residing in

414-590: The Mills Cross Array , while they were trying to observe the Crab Nebula . He searched for gravitational lenses , and was one of a 6-person team that discovered the first Einstein Ring in 1988. He also researched exoplanets, and worked on both ground- and space-based VLBI . He co-authored Introduction to Radio Astronomy , a textbook that has had three editions, with Francis Graham-Smith . Jansky Lecturer at

460-803: The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), 1998 He donated his papers, some linear 16.5 feet (5.0 m) in size, to the NRAO archives in July–September 2011. He spent time hiking in the White Mountains and the Rocky Mountains , and sailing from Marblehead . He also enjoyed chess . He was married to Jane Pann Burke, and later to Elizabeth (Betsy) Platt. He had a daughter, Elizabeth Kahn, and three sons, Mark, Geoffrey, and Matthew. He had 8 grand children and 1 great-grandchild at

506-1002: The National Research Council , the National Academy of Sciences , the National Science Board , the Keck Telescope , the Naval Studies Board and the Space Science Board . He was Councilor and later President of the American Astronomical Society in 1971–74 and 1986–88. He was a member of the National Science Foundation Astronomy Advisory Panel in 1958–63. Burke and Kenneth Franklin discovered Decametric radio emissions from Jupiter in 1955 using

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552-565: The American Revolution, with fishing grounds being blockaded, and fisherman heading off to war, with over 500 Marbleheaders being imprisoned by the British. After the war, and later into the 19th century, wealthier citizens wanted a new bank to finance vessels, and to serve the town's fishermen and merchants. On March 17, 1831, with a capital of US$ 100,000, they founded the Grand Bank . The name

598-601: The National Science Foundation Astronomy Advisory Panel between 1958 and 1963, and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory Visiting Committee in 1958–1962. He was a Trustee for Associated Universities, Inc. between 1972 and 1990. He was also a member of Planetary Systems Working Group and the Towards Other Planetary Systems Scientific Working Group, and he was on advisory councils and committees for

644-516: The Old Town to the northeast and Clifton to the southwest. Given its small area, most of the residential land in town is densely settled. Marblehead's town center is located approximately 4 miles (6 km) from the center of Salem , 16 miles (26 km) northeast of Boston and 12 miles (19 km) southwest of Cape Ann . It is bordered by Swampscott to the south and Salem to the northwest. (As Salem's water rights extend into Massachusetts Bay, there

690-544: The Pleon Yacht Club. This also caused numerous "summer homes" of wealthy Boston residents to be built on Marblehead Neck. The building boom would cause Marblehead Light to be replaced in 1896 with a new iron structure since the light of shorter tower was becoming blocked by the large new homes. Marblehead was also the site of the Burgess & Curtis Aircraft Factory , where it was the first licensed aircraft manufacturer in

736-519: The United States at the first census, in 1790. When George Washington visited the town during his presidential tour of 1789, he knew the sailors of Marblehead well; they had served him honorably in the war. He observed that the town "had the appearance of antiquity." In the 75 years from the American Revolution to the middle of the nineteenth century, Marblehead experienced a golden age of fishing. The War of 1812 brought disruption similar to during

782-481: The United States. William Starling Burgess designed and flight-tested most of the aircraft that were manufactured at the two plant sites in town. On August 20, 1912, Alfred Austell Cunningham became the first Marine aviator, taking off from Marblehead Harbor in a Burgess Model H seaplane given to him by the Burgess Company. His flight was the start of United States Marine Corps Aviation . After World War II,

828-629: The Village School (grades 4–6); Marblehead Veterans Middle School; and Marblehead High School . The town is also home to the Marblehead Community Charter Public School, the first Commonwealth charter school to open in Massachusetts, as well as Tower School, a private day school for kindergarten through eighth grade. The Town of Marblehead has the unique distinction of having an official town anthem "Marblehead Forever". It

874-623: The area between Peaches Point and Fort Sewall. The town is partially divided from Salem by the Forest River, and is also home to several small ponds. In keeping with the town's location, there are four beaches (one in Dolliber Cove, one in Marblehead Harbor , and two along the southern shore of town), as well as six yacht clubs, one public kayaking center and several boat ramps. Besides Marblehead Neck, there are two other villages within town,

920-562: The army, Hannah , was equipped with cannons, rope, provisions (including the indigenous molasses/sea water cookie known as " Joe Frogger " ), and a crew from Marblehead. With their nautical backgrounds, soldiers from Marblehead under General John Glover were instrumental in the escape of the Continental Army after the Battle of Long Island .The Marblehead militia had become the 14th Continental Regiment of George Washington's army—and one of

966-410: The average family size was 2.94. In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 3.5% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 29.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.3 males. According to a 2009 estimate, the median income for

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1012-566: The east connected by a long sandbar , now a causeway. This ring of land defines Marblehead's deep, sheltered harbor. Marblehead Neck is home to a bird sanctuary, as well as Castle Rock and Chandler Hovey Park at its northern tip, where Marblehead Light is located. Fountain Park and Fort Sewall are located at the western edge of the mouth of Marblehead Harbor. The town land also includes several small islands in Massachusetts Bay and Dolliber Cove,

1058-487: The few integrated regiments in the entire army. Marblehead men ferried George Washington across the Delaware River for his attack on Trenton . Many who set out for war, however, did not return, leaving the town with 459 widows and 865 orphaned children in a population of less than 5,000. The community lost a substantial portion of its population and economy, although it was still the tenth-largest inhabited location in

1104-491: The first town government used the existing Meeting House on what is now the site of Old Burial Hill . The meeting house served as a place for the town to meet and the main church in town; a dual use that was typical during this time period. The second meeting house was built around 1696 on Franklin Street, which would become known as the " Old Meeting House ", also serving the dual use of a town meeting location and church. In 1726, it

1150-567: The late 19th century, Marblehead had a short-term industrial boom from shoe-making factories. At the same time, the exceptional harbor attracted yachting by wealthy boat owners, and some yacht clubs established centers there. It would become home to the Boston Yacht Club, Corinthian Yacht Club, Eastern Yacht Club, Marblehead Yacht Club, Dolphin Yacht Club, and the oldest junior yacht club in America,

1196-657: The late 19th century. It is home to the Marblehead Light , Fort Sewall , Little Harbor, Mass Audubon's Marblehead Neck Wildlife Sanctuary, Crocker Park, and Devereux Beach. Archibald Willard 's famous painting The Spirit of '76 currently resides in Abbot Hall . Much of the Old Town is protected by the Marblehead Historic District . Marblehead is also home of the Marblehead Men's Softball League, which

1242-480: The mainland by a narrow isthmus. Marblehead Harbor, protected by shallow shoals and rocks from the open sea, lies between the mainland and the Neck. Beside the Marblehead town center, two other villages lie within the town: the Old Town, which was the original town center, and Clifton, which lies along the border with the neighboring town of Swampscott . A town with roots in commercial fishing and yachting , Marblehead

1288-521: The nearest access being to Massachusetts Route 128 in Peabody and Beverly. Two MBTA bus routes—the 441 and 442 —originate in town regularly with service to Boston, with weekend service to Wonderland station in Revere. The former Eastern Railroad began service in 1839 and had lines connecting through Swampscott and Salem was discontinued in the late 1950s. The track routes were converted to bike trails and

1334-406: The population. There were 8,541 households, out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were non-families. Of all households 28.7% were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and

1380-499: The team that discovered the first Einstein ring in 1988. Burke was born on June 7, 1928 in Brighton, Boston . He had two sisters, Sarah (Sally) Berenson and Clare Malloy. He went to Lexington High School . Burke studied for an undergraduate physics degree at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), graduating in 1950, before going on to study for a PhD in physics, graduating again from MIT in 1953. From 1953 until 1965, he

1426-616: The three train depots were torn down. The Newburyport/Rockport Line of the MBTA Commuter Rail passes through neighboring Swampscott and Salem, with service between the North Shore and Boston's North Station . The nearest air service is located at Beverly Municipal Airport , with the nearest national and international service at Boston's Logan International Airport . Seasonal ferry service to Boston can also be found in Salem. According to

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1472-529: The time of his death. He died on August 5, 2018. In 1963, Burke received The Helen B. Warner Prize for Astronomy . He was also a member of several academic and honorary societies including American Astronomical Society , American Physical Society , International Astronomical Union , American Academy of Arts and Sciences , American Academy for the Advancement of Science, International Scientific Radio Union U.S. National Committee – Commission J. In 1970, Burke

1518-400: The town borders. There have also been Native America burials sites found throughout town. See: Arts, Films section for actors who came for location shooting. Notable paintings & artists depicting Marblehead scenes and figures: Movies filmed in Marblehead include: A television show has yet to been filmed in the town, but Marblehead has been mentioned in the following TV series: At

1564-453: The town clerk and board of selectmen still meet today. Marblehead is comprised by a total of 4.4 square miles (11.4 km ) of land and 15.2 square miles (39.4 km ), or 77.61%, of water. Marblehead is situated on the North Shore of Massachusetts along Massachusetts Bay and Salem Harbor . The town consists of a rocky peninsula that extends into the bay, with an additional neck to

1610-440: The town enjoyed a population boom, developing as a bedroom community for nearby Boston, Lynn , and Salem. This boom ended around 1970, when the town became built out. Marblehead today continues to be a sailing and small-town tourism destination in the summer months. The Town of Marblehead has an open town meeting, and is led by a Board of Selectmen. A board of seven selectmen first met on Friday, December 22, 1648. The seat of

1656-561: The town would be named "Marblehead" by settlers who mistook its granite ledges for marble . It began as a fishing village with narrow crooked streets, and developed inland from the harbor. The shoreline smelled of drying fish , typically cod . These were exported abroad and to Salem. The town had one accused individual during the Salem Witch Trials , Wilmot Redd . She was found guilty of witchcraft and executed by hanging on September 22, 1692. The town peaked economically just before

1702-418: The town's history, along with foundations of multiple villages and forts. On September 16, 1684, heirs of Nanepashemet sold their 3,700 acres (15 km ); the deed is preserved today at Abbot Hall in the town. Marblehead's first European settler was Joseph Doliber or John Peach (highly disputed) in 1629, who set up on the shore near what is now the end of Bradlee Road. Three years earlier, Isaac Allerton,

1748-429: The town. The population density was 4,373 inhabitants per square mile (1,688/km ). There were 8,906 housing units at an average density of 1,966.3/sq mi (759.2/km ). The racial makeup of the town was 97.6% White , 0.4% Black or African American , 0.1% Native American , 1.0% Asian , >0.1% Pacific Islander , 0.2% from other races , and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of

1794-450: The war effort, an incredible effort for a town of 8,000 that relied mainly on fishing for income. Marblehead would be the first regiment in the state to answer the call for troops. A Grand Army of the Republic veterans organization was formed after the war, and established headquarters in the old town house, where it still displays artifacts from the Marblehead regiments that served. During

1840-516: Was a major shipyard and is often referred to as the birthplace of the American Navy , a title sometimes disputed with nearby Beverly . Marblehead was once the fishing capital of Massachusetts. It is also the origin of Marine Corps Aviation . Three US Navy ships have been named USS Marblehead . A center of recreational boating , Marblehead has long been a popular sailing , kayaking and fishing destination, with several yacht clubs established in

1886-452: Was changed to National Grand Bank on October 3, 1864. The town's fishermen had 98 vessels (95 of which exceeded 50 tons) putting to sea in 1837, where they often harvested fish off the Grand Banks of Newfoundland . However, a gale or hurricane in that area on September 19, 1846, sank 11 vessels and damaged others. With 65 men and boys lost in the storm, the town's fishing industry began

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1932-475: Was decided by the town to construct a separate Town House, which was completed in 1727 ( Old Town House ). However, the Old Meeting House would continue to occasionally be used for large town meetings, before it was demolished around 1825 after the new First Congregational Church was built ( Old North Church ). The Town House would serve as the town hall until the construction of Abbot Hall in 1876, where

1978-485: Was elected to National Academy of Sciences . Marblehead, Massachusetts Marblehead is a coastal New England town in Essex County, Massachusetts , United States, along the North Shore . Its population was 20,441 at the 2020 census . The town lies on a small peninsula that extends into the northern part of Massachusetts Bay . Attached to the town is a near island, known as Marblehead Neck, connected to

2024-646: Was employed to carry out radio astronomy research by Carnegie Institution of Washington , where he also headed the Radio Astronomy Section from 1962 until 1965. Burke became a faculty member of the Physics department at MIT and later was the William A. M. Burden Professor of Astrophysics, Emeritus. He was a principal investigator of the Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research at MIT. He served on

2070-570: Was established in 1939 and is the oldest and longest standing adult softball league in the world. Marblehead was originally called Massebequash after the river which ran between it and Salem . The land was inhabited by the Naumkeag tribe of the Pawtucket confederation under the overall sachem Nanepashemet . Epidemics in 1615–1619 and 1633, believed to be smallpox , devastated the tribe. Numerous shell mounds and burial sites have been found throughout

2116-480: Was located is now part of the McKee-Beshers Wildlife Management Area . This article about a specific observatory, telescope or astronomical instrument is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bernard F. Burke Bernard Flood Burke (June 7, 1928 – August 5, 2018) was an American astronomer. He co-discovered radio emission from Jupiter , and was part of

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