The Miliția ( Romanian : Miliția ) was the police force of Communist Romania .
23-635: Miliția was established by decree in January 1949; the decree simultaneously disbanded the Romanian Police and Gendarmerie , considered “bourgeois” institutions. It was part of the Interior Ministry and directly controlled by the ruling Romanian Workers’ Party . Its employees held military rank. Of the initial 35,000 members, 161 were university graduates, 9,600 had completed fourth grade or less, while 7,800 had six or seven grades of schooling. Meanwhile,
46-540: A decade. Romanian Police The Romanian Police ( Romanian : Poliția Română , pronounced [poˈlit͡si.a roˈmɨnə] ) is the national police force and main civil law enforcement agency in Romania . It is subordinated to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and it is led by a General Inspector with the rank of Secretary of State. The Romanian Police is responsible for: General Inspectorate of Romanian Police
69-618: A large, nationwide scale and Dacia Logan (2017 model year, newest at the time of acquisition). In July 2022, following a controversial auction, the General Inspectorate of the Romanian Police finalised the acquisition of 600 BMW 3 Series 320i xDrive Sedan vehicles (2023 model year). These have engines that have a power output of 184 hp (125 kW) and 300Nm torque, 8+1 speed automatic transmissions, all wheel drive, accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h in 7.7 seconds and reach
92-466: A massive network of informers, coordinating a system of diversion and disinformation, threats, blackmail; pressure on the economic and administrative state apparatus. In its early years, Miliția was concerned with issuing residence permits . By late 1952, no urban resident was allowed to change residence without permission from a Militia officer. The permit bureaucracy facilitated Miliția ’s task of supervising people’s movement, monitoring those hostile to
115-461: A top speed of 230 km/h. The cars are painted in white and are G20 3 Series LCI models. The specific equipment consists of the new Romanian Police blue-yellow reflective livery, lightbar , additional battery and socket in the trunk, a set of winter tires and extended warranty. The price of each vehicle was €33,200 with the total acquisition being cofinanced by the European Union through
138-490: Is Eurocopter . In 2020, the Romanian Police acquired 25,000 Beretta Px4 pistols, they had entered regular service by the end of 2020. The special services units ( S.I.A.S. and S.A.S.) use Glock pistols and HK-MP5 submachine guns. Before 2002, the National Police had military status and a military ranking system ( see Romanian Armed Forces ranks and insignia ). In June 2002 it became a civilian police force (one of
161-574: Is Corina-Alina Corbu. The general assembly of the court's judges assigns two members for the Superior Council of Magistrature . The same assembly approves the annual activity report (released publicly) and the budget of the institution. According to the law, "The president, the vice-president and the section presidents of the High Court of Cassation and Justice are named by the President of Romania , at
184-579: Is divided into 41 county police inspectorates, corresponding to each county ( județ ), and the Bucharest General Directorate of Police. Each county police inspectorate has a rapid reaction unit ( Detașamentul de Poliție pentru Intervenție Rapidă , Police Rapid Intervention Squad). The similar unit attached to the Bucharest Police is called Serviciul de Poliție pentru Intervenție Rapidă (Police Rapid Intervention Service). In 2011,
207-817: Is the central unit of police in Romania, which manages, guides, supports and controls the activity of the Romanian police units, investigates and analyses very serious crimes related to organized crime, economic, financial or banking criminality, or to other crimes which make the object of the criminal cases investigated by the Prosecutor's Office attached to the High Court of Cassation and Justice , and which has any other attributions assigned by law. The organizational chart of General Inspectorate of Romanian Police includes general directorates, directorates, services and, offices established by
230-561: The Communist period (1948–1952 and 1952–1989 respectively), and "Curtea Supremă de Justiție" (Supreme Court of Justice) from 1990 to 2003. The name "Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție" was re-introduced in 2003, having been also used during the United Principalities (1862–1881) and Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947). The court is led by a president, seconded by a vice-president and the leading council. Since September 2019, its president
253-685: The Big Infrastructure Operational Program (Programul Operațional Infrastructură Mare, POIM ). Such, 300 vehicles were financed by the EU and 300 by the Romanian State. In March 2023, the first batch of the vehicles purchased in 2022 was delivered and they were inaugurated with the occasion of the Romanian Police Day event. The police also uses helicopters for air surveillance and immediate response. The most common manufacturer
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#1732895822875276-556: The Ministry of Interior Affairs acquired 6,744 brand new vehicles which would also feature a new painting scheme, similar to those in Germany or Sweden . These were delivered in autumn 2020 and had been produced at the local Dacia factory in Mioveni. A significant part of the acquired vehicles are Dacia Duster (2018 model year), being the first time a crossover SUV is introduced in the force on
299-465: The Romanian Police had roughly 10,500 intervention vehicles. Today, the fleet is composed largely of BMW 3 Series , Dacia Logan , Dacia Duster and Volkswagen Polo vehicles, with Mercedes Vito and Volkswagen Transporter T6 models used by the special forces and border police. Very few old Volkswagen Passat are also in service. The Road/Traffic Police also has BMW motorbikes, Seat, Lotus and Alfa Romeo vehicles, used for road chasing. In 2020,
322-605: The existing police were purged of pre-1945 Siguranța agents beginning in 1948, when over 1000 were imprisoned; informers were retained. By 1951, 98% of the old policemen had been expelled, imprisoned or killed. Miliția reproduced the Militsiya of the Soviet Union, and received ideological guidance from an advisor sent by the latter country. The same decree set up a Militia Officers’ School , recruiting from among workers, militia or army troops and junior militia officers. Selection
345-591: The first police services in Eastern Europe ) and its personnel was structured into two corps : High Court of Cassation and Justice The High Court of Cassation and Justice ( Romanian : Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție ) is Romania 's supreme court . It is the equivalent of France 's Cour de Cassation and serves a similar function to other courts of cassation around the world. It held various names during its existence: "Curtea Supremă" (Supreme Court) and "Tribunalul Suprem" (Supreme Tribunal) during
368-724: The order of the Minister of Internal Affairs. The General Inspectorate is under the command of a General Inspector appointed by the Minister of Internal Affairs. Since March 2015, the General Inspector of the Police is appointed by the Prime Minister and also holds the rank of Secretary of State. Under the command of the General Inspectorate of the Romanian Police operates a specialized intervention squad, The Independent Service of Special Interventions and Operations . The Romanian Police
391-931: The proposal of the Superior Council of Magistrature, out of the judges of the High Court that have worked in at this instance for at least two years". The term lasts for three years, with the possibility of being renewed once. From 1995 to 2000, the Romanian Supreme Court rehabilitated a total of at least 14 convicted war criminals. These included 3 members of Ion Antonescu 's wartime government ( Nichifor Crainic , Toma Ghițulescu and finance minister Gheron Netta ), Radu Dinulescu ("the Eichmann of Romania") and his deputy (Gheorghe Petrescu) as well as other statesmen and journalists such as former minister Stelian Popescu and Pan M. Vizirescu . A procedure known as "extraordinary appeal"
414-503: The regime and preparing internal deportations. The institution's powers gradually expanded under the Nicolae Ceaușescu regime. A 1969 law charged it with “defending the revolutionary gains of the people and its peaceful work in building socialism”; the powers conferred were open to multiple abuses. A 1970 decree, toughened in 1976, empowered Miliția to combat “ social parasitism ”, allowing its officers to jail or fine people found on
437-460: The rehabilitations of Colonels Radu Dinulescu and Gheorghe Petrescu, he was informed that this was "technically impossible". Due to the abolition of "extraordinary appeal", a decision by the Supreme Court can no longer be challenged within the framework of Romanian legislation. This Romania -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article relating to
460-509: The street during work hours. Both measures were open to abuse. A 1983 decree required registration of typewriters, while a 1985 measure enhanced anti-abortion policy , so that the societal role of Miliția was ever greater in the years leading up to the Romanian Revolution . Miliția were formally transformed into standard Police (Poliția) on December 27, 1989. However, given the continuity of personnel, its mentality persisted for at least
483-640: The streets by the public, who came up with jokes about them. It was often said they were uneducated, violent and ill-intentioned. They frequently abused their power, extorting food, drink and other benefits. They found or invented legal pretexts to interrogate citizens, whom they treated without restraint. Alongside the Securitate secret police, the Militia was the regime’s main instrument of control against society. It employed violent repression: arrests, investigations, torture, imprisonment; psychological terror: maintaining
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#1732895822875506-524: Was based on recommendations from party bosses. Proper class origins and proven devotion to party policy were required. A written test was administered, but could be ignored with the right connections. Starting in 1950, regional militia schools trained junior officers for four months. Regular policemen underwent two months of training. They were recruited by local militia and party structures from among retired army troops and workers up to age 25 who had completed military service. Junior officers were often seen on
529-539: Was used to overturn their war crimes and "crimes against peace" convictions. In 2004, the "extraordinary appeal" procedure was eliminated from the Romanian legislation following recommendations from the European Court of Human Rights . This, however, backfired on those who wanted these rehabilitations undone, as Efraim Zuroff came to find out. When, in February 2004, Zuroff demanded that the Romanian authorities overturn
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