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15-547: The town has historical significance as the capital of the " Țara Moților " region. It is believed to be the site where the Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan (1784–1785) started. Horea was born near Câmpeni in the village that used to be called Arada (since renamed to Horea). His cellar is a tourist attraction in the town. During the Transylvanian revolution of 1848 , Câmpeni was the political and military stronghold of Avram Iancu ,

30-544: A defence; they captured and tried the rioters in Deva ( Déva ); and they executed 56 peasants. When Joseph II ordered the army to intervene, the uprising was ended by Horea on 14 December 1784, at Câmpeni ( Topánfalva , Topesdorf ). In January 1785, the leaders were captured on charges of treason, after a bounty had been placed on their heads. Of the more than 600 captured rebels, 120 were sentenced; 37 death penalties were delivered initially but they were changed to imprisonment as

45-620: A leader of the French Revolution, published an open letter to Joseph II in which he asserted the right of royal subjects to protest. In 1937, a monument in the form of an obelisk was erected in Alba Iulia to commemorate the revolt. It was designed by Iosif Fekete and Octavian Mihălțan. During World War II , the Soviet Union created the Horea, Cloșca și Crișan Division which was named after

60-535: A population of 6,569. According to the census from 2011 , the town had a total population of 6,942; of those, 96.52% were ethnic Romanians , 3.35% ethnic Romani , and 0.08% ethnic Hungarians . Câmpeni has a warm-summer humid continental climate ( Dfb in the Köppen climate classification ). Revolt of Horea, Clo%C8%99ca and Cri%C8%99an The Revolt of Horea, Cloșca, and Crișan ( Romanian : Răscoala lui Horea, Cloșca și Crișan ; 31 October – 14 December, 1784)

75-463: A result of the amnesty of the emperor, with an exception regarding the three leaders. Horea and Cloșca were executed by the Hungarian authorities by breaking on the wheel on 28 February 1785 at Dealul Furcilor (Gabelberg, Forks Hill), Alba Iulia ( Gyulafehérvár ). Crișan hanged himself on the night before the execution. After the revolt had been put down, Joseph II responded by enacting a Patent for

90-473: A revolutionary leader of the Transylvanian Romanians' national movement. The Avram Iancu Museum is located in the town. The town is a regional center for lumber exploitation and the furniture industry. Even though the town is located in a mining region the mining industry is not part of its industrial heritage. Câmpeni is growing in popularity as a tourist center. At the 2021 census , Câmpeni had

105-582: The Abolition of Serfdom for Transylvania in 1785. This put an end to serfdom, although the feudal system continued to be practiced for several more decades. The Emperor also ended aristocratic control over peasant marriages and expanded the peasants’ grazing rights. The uprising reverberated throughout Western Europe. It upset the feudal system and is considered by many to have inspired the French Revolution . In 1785, Jacques Pierre Brissot , who would become

120-634: The Romanians who wished to enroll into service, while Crișan called the serfs to revolt in the surrounding areas of the Crișul Alb River ( Fehér-Kőrös ). Thereafter, more than ten thousand people united against the "nobility," who in their eyes were oppressors imposing high taxes on them. Shortly, the tensions culminated into a revolt, targeting the nobles and the non-Orthodox common people (regardless of ethnicity), because they unfairly received opportunity for advancement in society. The massacres mostly affected

135-454: The areas and population of Alsó-Fehér County , Zaránd County , and Hunyad County . Between the autumn of 1784 and the winter up to 1785, civilian casualties numbered about 4,000 people from 133 settlements, mostly Hungarians. While the Gubernium and the military leadership debated about a possible intervention – awaiting the order from Vienna, the Hungarian nobility took action: they organized

150-421: The army as an option to live better instead of the obligatory labor system to their landlords. Most of them were Romanian peasants. The local authorities tried to slow down the process assuming the Gubernium got around and did not involve them. The people interpreted this action as the "nobility" opposing their chance for a better fate for their families. Horea spread a rumor that Joseph II appointed him as leader of

165-442: The county. Its area was 3,576.5 km around 1910. Alsó-Fehér (Lower Fehér) county was formed when Fehér county was split in 1744 (the other half, Felső-Fehér county, consisted entirely of enclaves between Székely and Saxon seats ). In 1876, when the administrative structure of Transylvania was changed, the territory of Alsó-Fehér was modified and parts of it were annexed to the counties of Torda-Aranyos and Seben (during

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180-600: The principality into the Habsburg domains in 1691, the rights of the Hungarian , Székely , and Saxon nobles were preserved. The peasants, however, still had no representation in politics. In particular, though they were tolerated, the Romanian peasantry lacked guarantees for their Orthodox church institutions. As representative for the Romanian peasants, Horea — whose official name was Vasile Ursu Nicola — traveled to Vienna often in

195-604: The revolt. The division was made up of Romanian volunteers mainly drawn from prisoners of war and exiled communist activists. Als%C3%B3-Feh%C3%A9r County Alsó-Fehér was an administrative county ( comitatus ) of the Kingdom of Hungary . Its territory is now in western Romania (central Transylvania ). The latest capital of the county was Nagyenyed (present-day Aiud ). Alsó-Fehér county shared borders with Hunyad , Torda-Aranyos , Kis-Küküllő , Nagy-Küküllő and Szeben counties. The rivers Mureș and Târnava flowed through

210-521: The years from 1779 to 1782 to explain the hardships of the Transylvanian peasantry and lack of representation, without any result. The trigger of the events occurred on 31 January 1784, when Emperor Joseph II issued an order to increase the number of the border guards of Transylvania. Many men from many villages assembled in Alba Iulia ( Hungarian : Gyulafehérvár , German : Karlsburg ) to enroll in

225-708: Was a Romanian -led revolt that began in the Metaliferi Mountains , Transylvania , but it soon spread throughout all Transylvania and the Apuseni Mountains . The leaders were Horea ( Vasile Ursu Nicola , 1731–1785), Cloșca (Ion Oarga, 1747–1785) and Crișan (Marcu Giurgiu, 1733–1785). The revolt was directly related to the poor conditions of feudal serfs in the Principality of Transylvania , where Orthodox Romanians lacked political equality with Catholics . After Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I 's incorporation of

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