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32-850: Northern Star (7 March 1860 – 26 December 1863): Around 1860 journalist George Massey Allen (c. 1828 – 15 November 1886) founded in Kapunda the Northern Star , the first English-language newspaper in regional South Australia. Printed by Allen in Main Street, Kapunda, it was described as "a very creditable six-page folio newspaper". After a run of three years, the business ran into difficulties and James Elliott ( c.  1836 – 22 April 1883), and James Scandrett (25 July 1836 – 8 June 1903) purchased his printing press. Kapunda Herald and Northern Intelligencer (29 October 1864 – 8 March 1878); From 1864 Charles Hastings Barton (1829–1902), editor and part-owner of

64-536: A Major-general in the British Army . He was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford , where he matriculated in 1848 and graduated B.A. in 1852. In 1853 Barton emigrated to Adelaide , where he was a Bachelor of Arts tutor and took up sheep farming and winegrowing. He became editor and part-owner of the German-language weekly Süd-Australische Zeitung , and when that was taken over in 1863 to become

96-462: A unicameral parliament—currently the only Australian state with this arrangement. From 1948 until the reforms following the end of the Bjelke-Petersen era, Queensland used an electoral zoning system that was tweaked by the government of the day to maximise its own voter support at the expense of the opposition. It has been called a form of gerrymander , dubbed the " Bjelkemander " however it

128-475: A conservative Coalition government led by the Country Party (later National Party ) under Frank Nicklin came to power, which, as discussed above, initially modified the voting system to introduce preferential voting, to take advantage of Labor's split. It also separated the provincial cities from their hinterlands. The hinterlands were added to the rural zone, where new Country Party seats were created. As

160-608: A limited number of remote electorates. This plan is still in use today. Presently, 42 seats are contested in Greater Brisbane and 47 in the rest of the state. The youngest person ever elected to Queensland's Legislative Assembly was Lawrence Springborg , former Minister for Natural Resources and Leader of the Opposition . In 1989, he entered parliament aged 21. The Queensland Legislative Assembly sits in Parliament House in

192-581: A split in Labor. In 1992, this was changed to the optional preferential system which was used until full preferential voting was reinstated in 2016. After 1912, electorates elected only a single member to the Assembly. In 1922, the Legislative Council was abolished, with the help of members known as the suicide squad , who were specially appointed to vote the chamber out of existence. This left Queensland with

224-466: Is more accurately referred to as an electoral malapportionment . In a classic gerrymander, electoral boundaries are drawn to take advantage of known pockets of supporters and to isolate areas of opposition voters so as to maximise the number of seats for the government for a given number of votes and to cause opposition support to be "wasted" by concentrating their supporters in relatively fewer electorates. The Queensland "gerrymander", first introduced by

256-653: The Australische Zeitung , co-founded the Tanunda Deutsche Zeitung with Friedrich Basedow , with assistance from Carl Muecke . In 1864 he took over the Northern Star , which he re-launched as The Kapunda Herald . Found insolvent, he fled his South Australian creditors, and in 1867 arrived in Queensland, where he was the editor and later, the lead-writer of the Maryborough Chronicle . He then

288-526: The Brisbane central business district . The building was completed in 1891. The lower house chamber is decorated dark green in the traditional Westminster style. The chamber once featured central tables which divided two rows of elevated benches on each side. The room is now configured in a U-shape away from the Speaker's chair with three rows of benches that have their own desks and microphones. As of October 2024,

320-604: The Kapunda Herald staff in 1911, became manager and editor in 1917, and owner in September 1923. Notable journalists included William David Ponder and William John Sowden , who as "A. Pencil" wrote the "Scratchings in the City" column from 1886 to 1899; the Hon. D. J. Gordon MLC, who contributed the "City Scratchings" column as "Timoleon" from 1901 to 1909. There was one more contributor to

352-453: The Labor Party (ALP) government of Ned Hanlon in 1949 used a series of electoral zones based on their distance from Brisbane. Initially Queensland was divided into three zones—the metropolitan zone (Brisbane), the provincial cities zone (which also included rural areas around provincial cities) and the rural zone. While the number of electors in each seat in a zone was roughly equal, there

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384-833: The Maryborough Cemetery . Barton, representing the Labour Party , won one of the two positions for the two-member seat of Maryborough at the 1902 Queensland state election . He served alongside John Norman , also of the Labour Party. Barton died three months after the election and before he could take his seat in the House . C. H. Barton married Catharine Magdalena Basedow (died 1863) in 1859. Their children were: He married Anna Elisabeth Basedow in 1865 The Basedow sisters were daughters of Christian Friedrich Basedow (died 1886), who with his large family emigrated to South Australia on

416-582: The National Library of Australia and may be accessed using Trove . Charles Hastings Barton Charles Hastings Barton (1 January 1829 - 16 June 1902) was a member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly . Barton was born in Geneva , Switzerland , the son of Charles Cutts Barton and his wife Emillia Ann Barton (née Middleton). His brother was Geoffrey Barton , who was to become

448-724: The Tanunda Süd-Australische Zeitung , controlled the newspaper, renaming it The Kapunda Herald and Northern Intelligencer , though some commentators saw little difference between the two publications. Elliott, whose brother was Joseph Elliott (c. 1833 – 21 May 1883) of the Southern Argus , was the first editor and just two months later he and Scandrett were the sole proprietors. Barton was declared insolvent in 1866 and fled to Maryborough, Queensland , leaving many of his supporters considerably out of pocket. The Kapunda Herald (12 March 1878 – 3 May 1951): The title of

480-787: The Vesta , arriving in August 1856 and settled in Tanunda. Christian Friedrich may have been a brother of Martin Peter Friedrich Basedow MP. Queensland Legislative Assembly Opposition (36) Crossbench (5) The Legislative Assembly of Queensland is the sole chamber of the unicameral Parliament of Queensland established under the Constitution of Queensland . Elections are held every four years and are done by full preferential voting . The Assembly has 93 members , who have used

512-411: The "City Scratchings" column: an unknown journalist who from 1912 to 1914 wrote as "The Quill", but had neither the wit of Sowden nor the wisdom of Gordon, and the column was never revived. Publishing innovations included a lithographed color supplement in the 22 December issue of 1893 which included a calendar and depictions of locations around Kapunda. From 1903 to 1911 a monthly photographic supplement

544-399: The Country Party needed only 7,000 votes to win a seat, compared with 12,800 for a typical Labor seat. The entrenchment of a Coalition government was also caused by socio-economic and demographic changes associated with mechanisation of farms and urbanisation which led to a drift of working class population from rural and remote electorates to the cities. By the late 1980s the decline in

576-737: The capital city newspapers broadened. The Herald had in 1930 shrunk to four pages and was each year becoming less profitable. The paper shrank from four pages to three then two in March 1948. In 1951 Tilbrook sold the paper and it was merged with the Barossa News to become the Barossa and Light Herald . The Kapunda Herald and Northern Intelligencer Vol I., No. 1 of 29 October 1864 to Vol. XIV, No.1013 of 8 March 1878 and The Kapunda Herald Vol. XIV, No.1013 of 12 March 1878 to Vol.87 No.5,678 of 25 January 1951 have been digitised from photographic copies by

608-515: The case it must have failed, as no new paper was forthcoming. The feature dropped towards the end of 1917. Until April 1926 the Herald' s banner was subtitled "With which is Incorporated the Midlands Gazette". With increasing mechanization, rural populations all over Australia shrank and with improved roads and other means of communication the importance of regional newspapers declined as the reach of

640-533: The divisions in the ALP abated in the early 1970s, and tensions in the conservative coalition grew, (thus reducing the advantage to be gained by the use of preferential voting), the conservative government, now led by Joh Bjelke-Petersen , modified the zoning system to add a fourth zone—a remote zone, comprising seats with even fewer electors. Thus the conservative government was able to isolate Labor support in provincial cities and maximise its own rural power base. On average,

672-600: The issue. A large public interest non-partisan organisation, the Citizens for Democracy, lobbied extensively the Liberal and Labor parties to abolish the gerrymander and to make it a major issue in the lead up to the landmark 1989 Queensland election. Despite the malapportionment, Labor was rarely able to garner a higher percentage of the vote than the Coalition for most of this period. In 1989 Labor won government, promising to implement

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704-602: The letters MP after their names since 2000 (previously they were styled MLAs ). There is approximately the same population in each electorate ; however, that has not always been the case (in particular, a malapportionment system - not, strictly speaking, a gerrymander - dubbed the Bjelkemander was in effect during the 1970s and 1980s). The Assembly first sat in May 1860 and produced Australia's first Hansard in April 1864. Following

736-504: The newspaper was simplified on 8 March 1878. Elliott died in 1883 and Scandrett ran the business for the next 20 years. P. McMahon "Paddy" Glynn was the highly respected editor from 1883 to 1891, followed by Charles B. O'Reilly, who had long experience with the Register and became a major shareholder of the company Kapunda Herald Ltd. formed in 1909 after the death of Scandrett. Leslie Tilbrook, whose family owned The Northern Argus , joined

768-482: The outcome of the 2015 election , successful amendments to the electoral act in early 2016 include: adding an additional four parliamentary seats from 89 to 93, changing from optional preferential voting to full-preferential voting , and moving from unfixed three-year terms to fixed four-year terms. As of October 2024, the Liberal National Party (LNP) has 51 of 93 seats and formed majority government within

800-551: The political fortunes of the National Party, together with rapid growth in south east Queensland meant that the zonal system was no longer able to guarantee a conservative victory. In addition, in 1988 the Federal Labor Government held four constitutional referendums — one of which was for the adoption of fair electoral systems around Australia. Although the referendum did not succeed, it heightened public awareness of

832-502: The recommendations of the Fitzgerald Inquiry into police corruption, including the establishment of an Electoral and Administrative Reform Commission (EARC). EARC recommended the abolition of the zonal system in favour of a "modified one vote, one value" system. Under this proposal, subsequently adopted, most electorates consisted of approximately the same number of electors, but with a greater tolerance for fewer electors allowed in

864-883: The unicameral chamber. Initially, the Legislative Assembly was the lower house of a bicameral parliament influenced by the Westminster system . The upper house was the Legislative Council , its members appointed for life by the governor , on advice of the government of the day. The first sitting, in May 1860, was held in the old converted convict barracks in Queen Street . It consisted of 26 members from 16 electorates, nearly half of whom were pastoralists or squatters. Early sessions dealt with issues of land, labour, railways, public works, immigration, education and gold discoveries. In April 1864, Australia's first Hansard

896-414: Was considerable variation in the number of electors between zones. Thus an electorate in the remote zone might have as few as 5,000 electors, while a seat in the metropolitan zone might have as many as 25,000. Using this system the Labor government was able to maximise its vote, particularly in its power base of the provincial city zone. With the split in the party in the late 1950s the ALP lost office and

928-471: Was included, celebrating nearby towns and prominent people. From October 1916 to the end of 1917 the back page, inverted, was in the form of a separate newspaper The Midlands Gazette devoted to the Riverton region ("Circulating in Riverton, Saddleworth, Auburn, Rhynie, Tarlee, Stockport and Hamley Bridge"). This ploy had been used elsewhere, as a trial before committing to launching a new publication. If this were

960-409: Was produced. That year also saw member numbers increased to 32, and by 1868—as more redistributions occurred—the number grew to 42. Members were not paid until 1886, effectively excluding the working class from state politics. The Assembly was elected under the first-past-the-post (plurality) system 1860 to 1892. From then until 1942 an unusual form of preferential voting called the contingent vote

992-591: Was the classics and second master at Maryborough Boys Grammar School from 1881 until 1896. Barton was married twice, firstly to Catharine M. Basedow whom he married at Tanunda in 1859 and together had a son and three daughters. She died in 1863; he then married Catherine's sister, Elisabeth Basedow, also in Tanunda and this marriage produced another two sons and five daughters. Barton died in Maryborough in June 1902 and his funeral proceeded from his Kent Street residence to

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1024-411: Was used. This was introduced by a conservative government to hinder the emerging Labor Party from gaining seats with minority support. In 1942 the plurality system was reintroduced. The Labor government then in power had seen its vote decline in the 1940s and sought to divide the opposition. In 1962, it was replaced with full preferential voting, as the governing conservatives wanted to take advantage of

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