41-455: Michael Sadleir (25 December 1888 – 13 December 1957), born Michael Thomas Harvey Sadler , was a British publisher, novelist, book collector, and bibliographer . Michael Sadleir was born in Oxford, England , the son of Sir Michael Ernest Sadler and Mary Sadler. He adopted the older variant of his surname to differentiate himself from his father, a historian, educationist, and Vice-Chancellor of
82-411: A book's history and transmission (Feather 10). It is the preliminary phase of bibliographic description and provides the vocabulary, principles and techniques of analysis that descriptive bibliographers apply and on which they base their descriptive practice. Descriptive bibliographers follow specific conventions and associated classification in their description. Titles and title pages are transcribed in
123-410: A book—to essentially recreate the conditions of its production. Analytical bibliography often uses collateral evidence—such as general printing practices, trends in format, responses and non-responses to design, etc.—to scrutinize the historical conventions and influences underlying the physical appearance of a text. The bibliographer utilizes knowledge gained from the investigation of physical evidence in
164-664: A copy of all books published by the Society. In 1937, Harry Carter , Ellic Howe , Alfred F. Johnson , Stanley Morison and Graham Pollard started to produce a list of all known pre-1800 type specimens. The list was published in The Library in 1942. However, because of the war, many libraries at the European continent were no longer accessible. The Society occasionally awards a gold medal for "distinguished services to bibliography to individuals who have made an outstanding contribution to
205-415: A discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology (from Ancient Greek : -λογία , romanized : -logía ). English author and bibliographer John Carter describes bibliography as a word having two senses: one, a list of books for further study or of works consulted by an author (or enumerative bibliography );
246-432: A few sentences long, provide a summary of the source and describe its relevance. Reference management software may be used to keep track of references and generate bibliographies as required. Bibliographies differ from library catalogs by including only relevant items rather than all items present in a particular library. However, the catalogs of some national libraries effectively serve as national bibliographies , as
287-586: A monthly lecture between October and May, usually on the third Tuesday of the month at the Society of Antiquaries of London , at Burlington House . The first fifty years of the Bibliographical Society were documented in the book The Bibliographical Society, 1892–1942: Studies in Retrospect . The Book Encompassed , a volume of essays marking the Society's centenary was published in 1992. The objectives of
328-430: A procedure that identifies books in "specific collections or libraries," in a specific discipline, by an author, printer, or period of production (3). He refers to descriptive bibliography as the systematic description of a book as a material or physical artefact. Analytical bibliography, the cornerstone of descriptive bibliography, investigates the printing and all physical features of a book that yield evidence establishing
369-473: A quasi-facsimile style and representation. Illustration, typeface, binding, paper, and all physical elements related to identifying a book follow formulaic conventions, as Bowers established in his foundational opus, The Principles of Bibliographic Description . The thought expressed in this book expands substantively on W. W. Greg's groundbreaking theory that argued for the adoption of formal bibliographic principles (Greg 29). Fundamentally, analytical bibliography
410-422: A reader may identify the book described, understand the printing, and recognize the precise contents" (124). Descriptive bibliographies as a scholarly product usually include information on the following aspect of a given book as a material object: This branch of the bibliographic discipline examines the material features of a textual artefact—such as type, ink, paper, imposition, format, impressions and states of
451-439: A scholarly paper or academic term paper. Citation styles vary. An entry for a book in a bibliography usually contains the following elements: An entry for a journal or periodical article usually contains: A bibliography may be arranged by author, topic, or some other scheme. Annotated bibliographies give descriptions about how each source is useful to an author in constructing a paper or argument. These descriptions, usually
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#1733086212770492-451: A twofold scholarly discipline—the organized listing of books (enumerative bibliography) and the systematic description of books as physical objects (descriptive bibliography). These two distinct concepts and practices have separate rationales and serve differing purposes. Innovators and originators in the field include W. W. Greg , Fredson Bowers , Philip Gaskell and G. Thomas Tanselle . Bowers (1949) refers to enumerative bibliography as
533-401: Is a person who describes and lists books and other publications, with particular attention to such characteristics as authorship, publication date, edition, typography, etc. A person who limits such efforts to a specific field or discipline is a subject bibliographer. A bibliographer, in the technical meaning of the word, is anyone who writes about books. But the accepted meaning since at least
574-411: Is a specialized aspect of library science (or library and information science , LIS) and documentation science . It was established by a Belgian , named Paul Otlet (1868–1944), who was the founder of the field of documentation, as a branch of the information sciences, who wrote about "the science of bibliography." However, there have recently been voices claiming that "the bibliographical paradigm"
615-690: Is at the University of Virginia Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library . Sadleir lived at Througham Court, Bisley , in Gloucestershire , a fine Jacobean farmhouse altered for him by the architect Norman Jewson , c. 1929. He sold Througham Court in 1949 and moved to Willow Farm, Oakley Green , in Berkshire . Bibliography Bibliography (from Ancient Greek : βιβλίον , romanized : biblion , lit. 'book' and -γραφία , -graphía , 'writing'), as
656-586: Is bibliographic in nature. Bibliographical works are almost always considered to be tertiary sources . Enumerative bibliographies are based on a unifying principle such as creator, subject, date, topic or other characteristic. An entry in an enumerative bibliography provides the core elements of a text resource including a title, the creator(s), publication date and place of publication. Belanger (1977) distinguishes an enumerative bibliography from other bibliographic forms such as descriptive bibliography, analytical bibliography or textual bibliography in that its function
697-631: Is concerned with objective, physical analysis and history of a book while descriptive bibliography employs all data that analytical bibliography furnishes and then codifies it with a view to identifying the ideal copy or form of a book that most nearly represents the printer's initial conception and intention in printing. In addition to viewing bibliographic study as being composed of four interdependent approaches (enumerative, descriptive, analytical, and textual), Bowers notes two further subcategories of research, namely historical bibliography and aesthetic bibliography. Both historical bibliography, which involves
738-474: Is obsolete, and it is not today common in LIS. A defence of the bibliographical paradigm was provided by Hjørland (2007). The quantitative study of bibliographies is known as bibliometrics , which is today an influential subfield in LIS and is used for major collection decisions such as the cancellation of big deals , through data analysis tools like Unpaywall Journals . Carter and Barker describe bibliography as
779-534: Is the senior learned society dealing with the study of the book and its history in the United Kingdom. Largely owing to the efforts of Walter Arthur Copinger , who was supported by Richard Copley Christie , the Bibliographical Society was founded in London in 1892; Copinger was the Society's first president, and held the post for four years. His own work in the field, however, lacked accuracy. The Society holds
820-476: Is to record and list, rather than describe a source in detail or with any reference to the source's physical nature, materiality or textual transmission. The enumerative list may be comprehensive or selective. One noted example would be Tanselle's bibliography that exhaustively enumerates topics and sources related to all forms of bibliography. A more common and particular instance of an enumerative bibliography relates to specific sources used or considered in preparing
861-723: The First World War , Sadleir and his father were keen collectors of art, and purchased works by young English artists such as Stanley Spencer and Mark Gertler . They were amongst the first collectors (and certainly the first English collectors) of the paintings of the Russian-born German Expressionist artist Wassily Kandinsky . In 1913, both Sadleir and his father travelled to Germany to meet Kandinsky in Munich . This visit led to Sadleir translating into English Kandinsky's seminal written work on expressionism , Concerning
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#1733086212770902-506: The University of Leeds . Sadleir was initially taught by Eva Gilpin in Ilkley before he was educated at Rugby School and was a contemporary of Rupert Brooke , with whom he was romantically involved, and Geoffrey Keynes . Sadleir then attended Balliol College, Oxford , where he read history and won the 1912 Stanhope essay prize on the political career of Richard Brinsley Sheridan . Before
943-501: The 18th century is a person who attempts a comprehensive account—sometimes just a list, sometimes a fuller reckoning—of the books written on a particular subject. In the present, bibliography is no longer a career, generally speaking; bibliographies tend to be written on highly specific subjects and by specialists in the field. The term bibliographer is sometimes—in particular subject bibliographer—today used about certain roles performed in libraries and bibliographic databases . One of
984-475: The Bibliographical Society . In 1920 it took over publication of The Library (issued since 1889) and adopted that as the main title of the Transactions . ( The Library was founded in 1889 by John Young Walker MacAlister . ) The different series of the Transactions and The Library are: The Library ( ISSN 0024-2160 ; 1744-8581 ) is a quarterly journal and is issued free to members who also receive
1025-650: The Society are: The Society's library was housed at Stationers' Hall in the City of London but moved to Senate House in January 2007. In 2017 it moved again to the Albert Sloman Library at the University of Essex . The Society's archive is housed at the Bodleian Library and may be used by scholars and members of the Society. The Society has published a journal since 1893, originally entitled Transactions of
1066-626: The Spiritual in Art in 1914. This was one of the first coherent arguments for abstract art in the English language and the translation by Sadleir was seen as both crucial to understanding Kandinsky's theories about abstract art and as a key text in the history of modernism . Extracts from it were published in the Vorticist literary magazine BLAST in 1914, and it remained one of the most influential art texts of
1107-587: The characters of the Victorian London underworld. His writings also include a biography of his father, published in 1949, and a privately published memoir of one of his sons, who was killed in World War II. The remarkable collection of Victorian fiction compiled by Sadleir, now at the UCLA Department of Special Collections, is the subject of a catalogue published in 1951. His collection of Gothic fiction
1148-499: The cuts slightly (Murry and Sadleir had founded the avant-garde quarterly Rhythm in 1912). After the end of World War I, he served as a British delegate to the Paris Peace Conference, 1919 , and worked at the secretariat of the newly formed League of Nations . As a literary historian, he specialised in 19th-century English fiction, notably the work of Anthony Trollope . Together with Ian Fleming and others, Sadleir
1189-541: The emergence of the modern meaning, that of description of books. Currently, the field of bibliography has expanded to include studies that consider the book as a material object. Bibliography, in its systematic pursuit of understanding the past and the present through written and printed documents, describes a way and means of extracting information from this material. Bibliographers are interested in comparing versions of texts to each other rather than in interpreting their meaning or assessing their significance. Bibliography
1230-407: The end of books and articles, to complete and independent publications. A notable example of a complete, independent publication is Gow's A. E. Housman: A Sketch, Together with a List of His Classical Papers (1936). As separate works, they may be in bound volumes such as those shown on the right, or computerized bibliographic databases . A library catalog , while not referred to as a "bibliography",
1271-533: The first bibliographers was Conrad Gessner who sought to list all books printed in Latin, Greek and Hebrew in Bibliotheca Universalis (1545). Julius Petzholdt and Theodore Besterman also attempted to be comprehensive. Systematic lists of media other than books can be referred to with terms formed analogously to bibliography : Bibliographical Society Founded in 1892, The Bibliographical Society
Michael Sadleir - Misplaced Pages Continue
1312-475: The first decades of the twentieth century. Sadleir began to work for the publishing firm of Constable & Co. in 1912, becoming a director in 1920, and chairman in 1954. In 1920 as editor of Bliss and Other Stories by Katherine Mansfield for Constable he insisted on censoring sections of her short story Je ne parle pas français which show the cynical attitudes to love and sex of the narrator. Her husband John Middleton Murry persuaded Sadleir to reduce
1353-445: The form of a descriptive bibliography or textual bibliography. Descriptive bibliography is the close examination and cataloging of a text as a physical object, recording its size, format, binding , and so on, while textual bibliography (or textual criticism) identifies variations—and the aetiology of variations—in a text with a view to determining "the establishment of the most correct form of [a] text" (Bowers 498[1]). A bibliographer
1394-411: The investigation of printing practices, tools, and related documents, and aesthetic bibliography, which examines the art of designing type and books, are often employed by analytical bibliographers. D. F. McKenzie extended previous notions of bibliography as set forth by Greg, Bowers, Gaskell and Tanselle. He describes the nature of bibliography as "the discipline that studies texts as recorded forms, and
1435-464: The material conditions of books [as well as other texts] how they are designed, edited, printed, circulated, reprinted, collected. Bibliographic works differ in the amount of detail depending on the purpose and can generally be divided into two categories: enumerative bibliography (also called compilative, reference or systematic), which results in an overview of publications in a particular category and analytical or critical bibliography, which studies
1476-407: The national libraries own almost all their countries' publications. Fredson Bowers described and formulated a standardized practice of descriptive bibliography in his Principles of Bibliographical Description (1949). Scholars to this day treat Bowers' scholarly guide as authoritative. In this classic text, Bowers describes the basic function of bibliography as, "[providing] sufficient data so that
1517-451: The other one, applicable for collectors, is "the study of books as physical objects" and "the systematic description of books as objects" (or descriptive bibliography ). The word bibliographia (βιβλιογραφία) was used by Greek writers in the first three centuries CE to mean the copying of books by hand. In the 12th century, the word started being used for "the intellectual activity of composing books." The 17th century then saw
1558-572: The processes of their transmission, including their production and reception" (1999 12). This concept broadens the scope of bibliography to include "non-book texts" and an accounting for their material form and structure, as well as textual variations, technical and production processes that bring sociocultural context and effects into play. McKenzie's perspective contextualizes textual objects or artefacts with sociological and technical factors that have an effect on production, transmission and, ultimately, ideal copy (2002 14). Bibliography, generally, concerns
1599-410: The production of books. In earlier times, bibliography mostly focused on books. Now, both categories of bibliography cover works in other media including audio recordings, motion pictures and videos, graphic objects, databases, CD-ROMs and websites. An enumerative bibliography is a systematic list of books and other works such as journal articles . Bibliographies range from "works cited " lists at
1640-573: Was a director and contributor to The Book Handbook , later renamed The Book Collector , published by Queen Anne Press . He also conducted research on Gothic fiction and discovered rare original editions of the Northanger Horrid Novels mentioned in the novel Northanger Abbey by Jane Austen . Beforehand, some of these books, with their lurid titles, were thought to be figments of Austen's imagination. Sadleir and Montague Summers demonstrated that they did really exist. In 1937, he
1681-731: Was the Sandars Reader in Bibliography at Cambridge University , on the subject of the "Bibliographical Aspects of the Victorian Novel". He was President of the Bibliographical Society from 1944 to 1946. Sadleir's best-known novel was Fanny by Gaslight (1940), a fictional exploration of prostitution in Victorian London. It was adapted under that name as a 1944 film . The 1947 novel Forlorn Sunset further explored