60-732: The Eureka Prizes are awarded annually by the Australian Museum , Sydney , to recognise individuals and organisations who have contributed to science and the understanding of science in Australia. They were founded in 1990 following a suggestion by science journalist Robyn Williams . As of 2024, there are 19 prizes awarded across four categories and a total of $ A$ 180,000 in prize money. The four categories are Research and Innovation, School Science, Science Engagement and Leadership. List of winners: List of winners: Her Excellency Professor Marie Bashir AC CVO, Governor of New South Wales, heads
120-422: A decimal currency, the dollar of one hundred cents , was introduced. Under the implementation conversion rate, £A1 was set as the equivalent of $ 2. Thus, ten shillings became $ 1 and one shilling became 10¢. As a shilling was equal to twelve pence, a new cent was worth slightly more than a penny. In 1855, gold full and half sovereigns (worth, respectively, £1 and 10/– sterling) were first minted by
180-540: A Decimal Currency Committee to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of a decimal currency, and, if a decimal currency was favoured, the unit of account and denominations of subsidiary currency most appropriate for Australia, the method of introduction and the cost involved. The committee presented its report in August 1960. It recommended the introduction of the new system on the second Monday in February 1963. In July 1961
240-455: A collection of specimen banknotes . This uncirculated Australian pound note, with the serial number (red-ink) P000001, was the first piece of currency to carry the coat of arms of Australia . The Australian currency was fixed in value to sterling. As such Australia was on the gold standard so long as Britain was. In 1914, the British government removed sterling from the gold standard. When it
300-534: A devaluation relative to sterling. A variety of pegs to sterling applied until December 1931, when the government devalued the local unit by 20%, making one Australian pound equal to 16 shillings sterling and one pound sterling equal to 25 Australian shillings. Coins of the Australian pound also circulated freely in New Zealand, although they were never legal tender. By 1931, Australian coins made up approximately 30% of
360-555: A leading role in taxonomic and systematic research, and at its research station at Lizard Island conducts significant research on coral reef ecology. Through exhibitions and other public programs the Australian Museum continues to inform and amaze generations of visitors about the unique flora, fauna and cultures of Australia and the Pacific. The first custodian of the museum was William Holmes, appointed on 16 June 1829 and holding
420-575: A museum. The museum was founded in 1827 by Earl Bathurst , then the Secretary of State for the Colonies , who wrote to the Governor of New South Wales of his intention to found a public museum and who provided £ 200 yearly towards its upkeep. Its foundation in 1827 makes the museum the oldest natural history museum in the country, the fifth oldest in the world. It was first conceived and developed along
480-452: Is also involved in community programs. In 2017, the museum began a citizen science project called FrogID to help conserve and document the distribution of frog populations throughout Australia. Each year, participants are encouraged to record frog sounds on the FrogID app. The aggregated data are then analysed to provide a snapshot of the health of frog populations across Australia. In 2022,
540-808: Is the central hub for its researchers in Sydney. As of 2024 the CEO and executive director is Kim McKay AO , who was the first woman to be appointed to the position in 2014. The establishment of a museum had first been planned in 1821 by the Philosophical Society of Australasia, and although specimens were collected, the Society folded in 1822. An entomologist and fellow of the Linnean Society of London , Alexander Macleay , arrived in 1826. After being appointed New South Wales Colonial Secretary , he began lobbying for
600-566: The ARIA Charts , and was nominated for ARIA Award for Best World Music Album at the 2023 ARIA Music Awards . The Australian Museum's "Night at the Museum" series, funded by the NSW Government, are sessions held on a weeknight evening at various times of the year. Guests and friends can explore the museum between 5pm and 9pm, free of charge. As part of this, there are also special events held at
660-518: The Australian Fossil and Mineral Museum in Bathurst which includes the mineral and dinosaur Somerville Collection donated by Warren Somerville. In 2002, ICAC launched Operation Savoy to investigate thefts of the zoological collections by a museum employee. In 2011, the museum launched its first Mobile App – "DangerOZ" – about Australia's most dangerous animals. In 2014, Kim McKay AO
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#1733093602873720-702: The First World War . In the 1920s, new expeditions were launched to New Guinea , the Kermadec Islands and Santa Cruz in the Solomon Islands , as well as to many parts of Australia, including the Capricorn Islands off the coast of Queensland. During the 19th century, galleries had mainly included large display cases overly filled with specimens and artefacts. During the 1920s, museum displays grew to include dioramas showing habitat groups, but otherwise
780-764: The Governor-General . The first coins were issued in 1910, produced by the Royal Mint in London. The Fisher Government 's Australian Notes Act 1910 gave the Governor-General the power to authorise the Treasurer to issue "Australian notes" as legal tender, "payable in gold coin on demand at the Commonwealth Treasury ". It also prohibited the circulation of state notes and withdrew their status as legal tender. In
840-515: The Horden Pavilion of Fox Studios on Tuesday 12 August 2003. The 2002 Australian Museum Eureka Prize was compered by Amanda Keller and Adam Spencer at Fox Studios on 13 August 2002. Australian Museum The Australian Museum , originally known as the Colonial Museum or Sydney Museum . is a heritage-listed museum at 1 William Street , Sydney CBD , New South Wales . It is
900-531: The Australian Museum Research Institute (AMRI) was launched at the museum. AMRI's purposes are: It also forms and publishes a science strategy to guide science at the museum. AMRI's staff, numbering around 100, includes research scientists, collection scientists, collection officers. There are also over 130 AMRI associates, fellows, and students, and the institute hosts visiting local and international researchers regularly. The museum
960-446: The Australian Museum, explained the role of the museum: "Here, in a public museum, the remains of the arts, etc., as existing among them, may be preserved as lasting memorials of the former races inhabiting the lands, when they have ceased to exist." From a "beautiful Collection of Australian curiosities", the Museum has grown to an internationally recognised collection of over 21 million cultural and scientific objects. The Museum plays
1020-461: The College Street site with the addition of the new Collection and Research building which added 5000 square metres of office, laboratory and storage areas for scientists. In 2015, the museum's carbon-neutral glass box entryway known as the "Crystal Hall" was opened. Designed by Neeson-Murcutt, it returned the entry to William Street and provided access via a suspended walkway. In December 2016,
1080-513: The Commonwealth Government confirmed its support of a decimal currency system, but considered it undesirable to make final decisions on the detailed arrangement that would be necessary to effect the change. On 7 April 1963 the Commonwealth Government announced that a system of decimal currency was to be introduced into Australia at the earliest practicable date, and gave February 1966, as the tentative change-over date. On 14 February 1966,
1140-492: The Museum complex has assumed a prominent stature in the townscape of Sydney. With its frontage to William and College Street, the Museum commands the eastern reaches of Hyde Park and forms and extension of the principal historic civic and religious precincts adjoining the northern boundaries of the park in Macquarie and College streets. Through recent expansion the museum site includes the former grounds and two surviving buildings of
1200-401: The Museum made public a $ 285 million master plan proposing to greatly expand its available exhibition space, by adding a 13-storey building on the block's east, adding a large central glazed atrium space. At the end of 2020, after being closed for 15 months, the 200-year-old museum reopened following a major $ 57.5 million upgrade. Subsequent to its refurbishment, museum entry is free for
1260-467: The Museum was largely unchanged during the period beginning with the curatorship of Robert Etheridge Jr (1895–1919), until the appointment of John Evans in 1954, when under his direction, additional buildings were built, several galleries were overhauled, and a new Exhibitions department was created. The size of the education staff was also radically increased. By the end of the 1950s, all of the galleries had been completely overhauled. The museum's growth in
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#17330936028731320-567: The Sydney Mint. These coins were the only non-Imperial denominations issued by any of the Australian mints until after Federation (the Sydney Mint struck Imperial gold sovereigns and half sovereigns starting in 1871, and the Melbourne Mint starting in 1872). In 1910, .925 fineness sterling silver coins were minted in denominations of 3d, 6d, 1/– and 2/– (known as a Trey, Zac, Deena, and Florin respectively). Unusually no half crown (worth 2/6)
1380-610: The William Street National School, which, established in 1851, is one of the earlier public schools continued in educational use for almost 100 years. The museum is also involved in Indigenous studies research and community programs. The Lizard Island Research Station was established in 1973 on Lizard Island, in the Great Barrier Reef. It continues to be operated by the Australian Museum. In September 2013,
1440-533: The World Heritage Exhibitions announced that it had no plans to change the text, as there was no intention "to convey any political assertions". The first location of the museum in 1827 was probably a room in the offices of the Colonial Secretary , although over the following thirty years it had several other locations in Sydney, until it moved into its current home in 1849. Its location is at
1500-522: The construction of the neoclassical west wing along William Street in 1868. A third storey was added to the north Lewis wing in 1890, bringing cohesion to the building design. In 1963, the floor space of the museum almost doubled when Joseph van der Steen under the Government Architect, Edward Farmer, designed a six-story extension linked to the Lewis building for the scientific and research collections,
1560-412: The contemporary European model of an encyclopedic warehouse of cultural and natural history, and features collections of vertebrate and invertebrate zoology , as well as mineralogy , palaeontology and anthropology . In the museum's early years, collecting was its main priority, and specimens were commonly traded with British and other European institutions. In 1832 George Bennett , curator of
1620-433: The contemporary European model of an encyclopedic warehouse of cultural and natural history, the museum buildings evolved as the institution evolved, partly in response to its visiting public, to pursue and expand knowledge of the natural history of Australia and the nearby pacific region. The museum continues to occupy the site provided, and the building constructed, as its first permanent home, commenced in 1846 and opened to
1680-529: The corner of William Street and College Street in the Sydney central business district , in the City of Sydney LGA. The heritage -listed building has evolved to encompass a range of different architectural styles and when its building expanded, it was often in conjunction with an expansion of the collections. The Long Gallery is part of the wing designed by New South Wales Colonial Architect Mortimer Lewis , and
1740-577: The earliest building on the site, c. 1846 . This is a handsome building of Sydney sandstone in the Greek Revival style on the corner of College and William Streets, opposite Hyde Park , designed by the Colonial Architect James Barnet , and it was first opened to the public in May 1857. In order to accommodate the expanding collections of the museum, Barnet was responsible for
1800-620: The field of scientific research continued with a new department of environmental studies , created in 1968 by director Frank Talbot . Research on the Great Barrier Reef began in 1965, with the One Tree Island Research Station established at the southern end(now operated by the University of Sydney ). (around 1965 The museum support society, The Australian Museum Society (TAMS), now known as Australian Museum Members)
1860-567: The first Commonwealth notes. Some of these banknotes were overprinted by the Treasury, and circulated as Australian banknotes until new designs were ready for Australia's first federal government-issued banknotes, which commenced in 1913. In May 2015, the National Library of Australia announced that it had discovered the first £A 1 banknote printed by the Commonwealth of Australia, among
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1920-549: The guest list for the 2013 Australian Museum Eureka Prizes Awards Dinner on Wednesday, 4 September, at the Sydney Town Hall . The event was compered by the ABC's Bernie Hobbs and Dr Graham Philips . - Youtube Playlist of Winners List of winners: List of winners: List of winners: The 2003 Australian Museum Eureka Prizes dinner , was compered by Sally Loane, Adam Spencer and Robyn Williams , and attended by some 800 people at
1980-552: The leading members of the political and scientific classes of Sydney; and scions of the Macleay served until 1853, at which point the committee was abolished. In that year, the government enacted the Australian Museum Act , thereby incorporating it and establishing a board of trustees consisting of 24 members. William Sharp Macleay , the former committee chairman, continued to serve as the chairman of this committee. The museum
2040-563: The museum was established under the curatorship of scientist Gerard Krefft in the 1860s. Apart from permanent displays in its galleries, permanent and temporary exhibitions, the museum also undertakes research and is involved in community programs. Since 1973 it has operated the Lizard Island Research Station on the Great Barrier Reef , studying the ecology of coral reefs and the effects of climate change . The Australian Museum Research Institute (AMRI), established in 2013,
2100-474: The museum's FrogID project collaborated with the Bowerbird Collective, Listening Earth, and Mervyn Street of Mangkaja Arts, to produce the album Australian Frog Calls . The album is a compilation of frog sounds from both biologist recordings and public submissions, including recordings dating back to the 1970s from FrogID's database. The album was released on 2 December 2022, debuted at number 3 on
2160-453: The museum's natural science collection programs. In 1998, the djamu gallery opened at Customs House , Circular Quay , the first major new venue for the museum beyond College Street site. A series of exhibitions on Indigenous culture were displayed until the gallery closed at the end of 2000. In 2001, two rural associate museums were established, The Age of Fishes Museum in Canowindra and
2220-528: The museum's outreach work in regional communities continues. In 1991, the museum established a commercial consulting and project management group, the Australian Museum Business Services (AMBS), now known as Australian Museum Consulting. In 1995, the museum established new research centres in conservation , biodiversity , evolutionary research , geodiversity and "People and Places". These research centres have now been incorporated into
2280-555: The museum, including The Talbot Oration and Ngalu Warrawi Marri (We Stand Strong), an evening of live music, talks, workshops, and performances celebrating First Nations peoples of Australia. Originally held on Thursday nights, in 2023 the nights were changed to Wednesdays. The annual Talbot Oration was founded in honour of former director Frank Talbot in 2021, and is held in June each year. It celebrates his achievements in and commitment to marine research and environmental studies , and
2340-491: The oldest natural history museum in Australia and the fifth oldest natural history museum in the world, with an international reputation in the fields of natural history and anthropology . It was first conceived and developed along the contemporary European model of an encyclopedic warehouse of cultural and natural history, and features collections of vertebrate and invertebrate zoology , as well as mineralogy , palaeontology and anthropology . The scientific stature of
2400-429: The oration is intended "to showcase advances in the field of climate change research and environmental conservation, enabling the public to better understand how responses to the climate challenge determine our future prospects, health, and the sustainability of our natural environment". International Conservation Services is a supporting partner of the event. The inaugural Talbot Oration took place on 3 June 2021, and
2460-482: The people of NSW into contact with the wonders of nature, evolution and Wildlife." The two-carriage train was renovated and refurbished at Eveleigh Carriage Workshops , and fitted out with exhibits by the Australian Museum at a cost of about $ 100,000. One carriage displayed the evolution of the earth, animals and man. The second carriage was a lecture and visual display area. The train ceased operations in December 1988 but
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2520-528: The position until 1835. In August 1831, Holmes accidentally shot himself while collecting specimens at Moreton Bay . The museum was originally known as the Colonial Museum or Sydney Museum. It was administered directly by the colonial government until June 1836, until the establishment of a Committee of Superintendence of the Australian Museum and Botanical Garden. Sub-committees were established for each institution. Members of these committees were generally
2580-483: The public in 1857. The extended and enlarged complex of buildings which now provide its principal exhibition, administrative and research accommodation reflect the growth of the institution and its prestige, as well as the evolving attitudes of Australian Government and society to science and research. The Museum's various buildings further comprise a unique aggregation of work by successive colonial and Government Architects of New South Wales, exhibiting: Individually
2640-571: The public. The expansion included the new Hintze Hall, shop, café, members lounge, and education rooms, along with a expanded exhibition area for temporary exhibitions. Australian Museum building and its collection was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. The Australian Museum buildings house the first public museum inaugurated in Australia, one of Australia's oldest scientific and cultural institutions. Conceived and developed initially along
2700-470: The reference library and a public restaurant. There were also two basement floors providing workspace for scientific staff. This International Style extension became known as the Parkes/Farmer eastern wing. In 1977, to mark the Museum's 150th anniversary, bronze lower case letters were added to the façade identifying the building as "The Australian Museum". In 2008, a significant expansion took place on
2760-469: The right to legislate with respect to "currency, coinage, and legal tender". The Deakin government 's Coinage Act 1909 distinguished between "British coin" and "Australian coin", giving both status as legal tender of equal value. The Act gave the Treasurer the power to issue silver, bronze and nickel coins, with the dimensions, size, denominations, weight and fineness to be determined by proclamation of
2820-525: The same year the Bank Notes Tax Act 1910 was passed imposing a prohibitive tax of 10% per annum on "all bank notes issued or re-issued by any bank in the Commonwealth after the commencement of this Act, and not redeemed", which effectively ended the use of private currency in Australia. As a transitional measure lasting three years, blank note forms of 16 banks were supplied to the government in 1911 to be overprinted as redeemable in gold and issued as
2880-668: The subject of criticism for its decision to reword an exhibition panel by World Heritage Exhibitions replacing its word " Palestine " with "what is today known as Libya and Palestine", after the Australian Jewish Association had accused the museum of "inaccurate use of the word 'Palestine' in an exhibit on Ancient Egypt ". The Australian Palestine Advocacy Network and the Australian Friends of Palestine Association issued strong criticism of "the ideological expunging of cultural identity from history". On 3 January 2024,
2940-481: The time. As one pound sterling went from US$ 4.03 to US$ 2.80, the Australian pound went from US$ 3.224 to US$ 2.24. Decimalisation had been proposed for Australian currency since 1902, when a select committee of the House of Representatives , chaired by George Edwards , had recommended that Australia adopt a decimal currency with the florin (two shillings) as its base. In February 1959 the Commonwealth Government appointed
3000-533: The total circulation in New Zealand. The devaluation of Australian and New Zealand exchange rates relative to the pound sterling led to New Zealand's Coinage Act 1933 and the issuing of the first coinage of the New Zealand pound . During World War II, the Empire of Japan produced currency notes denominated in the Australian pound for use in Pacific island countries intended for occupation. Since mainland Australia
3060-609: The various elements of the Museum complex remain significantly intact, with potential for enhancement of their cultural significance through conservation techniques, though conflicts exist between conservation of fabric and contemporary use, particularly exhibition techniques. Of special note are the exteriors and principal interiors of the three earliest wings of the complex, which despite varying degrees of alteration, remain in substantial original condition. The interlinked exhibition galleries comprise an important group of 19th and early 20th century public interests. Through its development,
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#17330936028733120-410: Was appointed the CEO and executive director, a position she still holds as of 2024 . She is the first woman to hold the position In 2017, museum researchers reassigned a Tasmanian species of semi-slug from the genus Helicarion to Attenborougharion , named after the museum's Lifetime Patron David Attenborough , hence known as Attenborougharion rubicundus . In December 2023, the Museum became
3180-432: Was ever issued. Bronze ½d and 1d coins followed in 1911. Production of half sovereigns ceased in 1916, followed by that of sovereigns in 1931. In 1937 a crown (5/– piece, known as a Dollar) was issued to commemorate the coronation of King George VI . This coin proved unpopular in circulation and was discontinued shortly after being reissued in 1938. In 1946, the fineness of Australian silver sixpences, shillings, and florins
3240-409: Was formed in 1972, and in 1973 the Lizard Island Research Station (LIRS), was established near Cairns , both under the leadership of Talbot. The Australian Museum Train, an early outreach project, was officially launched on 8 March 1978. The train was described as "a wonderful new concept of the travelling circus! The only difference is that the travelling Museum Train will bring school children and
3300-461: Was given by scientist, author, and conservationist Tim Flannery , whose address was titled "The Climate Cure", reflecting the title of his new book. Subsequent orations have been given by: The permanent galleries accommodate a large number of display cases containing a variety of animal species, including butterflies, birds, and reptiles, as well as cultural artefacts and art. Australian pound The pound ( sign : £ , £A for distinction)
3360-579: Was never occupied or intended to be occupied , the occupation currency was not used there, but it was used in the captured parts of the then-Australian territories of Papua and New Guinea . In 1949, when the United Kingdom devalued sterling against the US dollar , Australian Prime Minister and Treasurer Ben Chifley followed suit so the Australian pound would not become over-valued in sterling zone countries with which Australia did most of its external trade at
3420-824: Was reduced to .500, a quarter of a century after the same change had been made in Britain. In New Zealand and the United Kingdom, silver was soon abandoned completely in everyday coinage, but Australian .500 silver coins continued to be minted until after decimalisation. Examples of private issue paper currency in New South Wales, denominated in sterling, exist from 1814 (and may date back to the 1790s). Denominated in sterling (and in some cases Spanish dollars ), these private banker and merchant scrip notes were used in Sydney and Hobart through 1829. Private issue banknotes were issued between 1817 and 1910 in denominations ranging from £1 to £100. In 1910, superscribed banknotes were used as
3480-409: Was renamed in June 1836 by a sub-committee meeting, when it was resolved during an argument that it should be renamed the "Australian Museum". The scientific stature of the museum was established under the curatorship of Gerard Krefft (1861-1874), himself a published scientist. After a run of field collecting activities by the scientific staff in the 1880s and 1890s, field work ceased until after
3540-541: Was returned to the gold standard in 1925, the sudden increase in its value (imposed by the nominal gold price) unleashed crushing deflationary pressures. Both the initial 1914 inflation and the subsequent 1926 deflation had far-reaching economic effects throughout the British Empire , Australia and the world. In 1929, as an emergency measure during the Great Depression , Australia left the gold standard, resulting in
3600-532: Was the currency of Australia from 1910 until 14 February 1966, when it was replaced by the Australian dollar . Like other £sd currencies, it was subdivided into 20 shillings (denoted by the symbol s or /– ), each of 12 pence (denoted by the symbol d ). The establishment of a separate Australian currency was contemplated by section 51(xii) of the Constitution of Australia , which gave Federal Parliament
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