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26-414: Meral is a common Turkish given name that means female deer . It is Turkish variant of Maral . In Altai, Turkish, Mongolian, Armenian and Persian " Maral " means "female deer". It is also used as a surname. Turkish name At least one name, often two but very rarely more, are given to a person at birth. Newly given names are allowed up to three words. Most names are gender-specific: Oğuz

52-551: A senior leader of the Muslim community in the kingdom of Lagos . Subsequently, he and his children became known in Nigeria by the double-barrelled surname Shitta-Bey , a tradition which has survived to the present day through their lineal descendants. In the Ottoman period, the lords of the semi-autonomous Mani Peninsula used the title of beis (μπέης); for example, Petros Mavromichalis

78-564: Is a Turkic title for a chieftain , and an honorific title traditionally applied to people with special lineages to the leaders or rulers of variously sized areas in the numerous Turkic kingdoms, emirates, sultanates and empires in Central Asia , South Asia , Southeast Europe , and the Middle East , such as the Ottomans , Timurids or the various khanates and emirates in Central Asia and

104-545: Is not gender-specific and has no gender-dependent modifications. The soyadı is neither patronymic nor matronymic . Surnames in Turkey are patrilineal : they pass in the male line from father to his legal children without any change in form. Turkey has abolished all notions of nobility; thus, there is no noble form or type of surname. Since 2014, women in Turkey are allowed to keep their birth names alone for their whole life instead of using their husbands' names. Before this date,

130-492: Is strictly for males, Tuğçe only for females. But many Turkish names are unisex . Many modern given names (such as Deniz , "sea"; or Ülkü, "ideal") are given to newborns of either sex. Among the common examples of the many unisex names in Turkey include Aytaç , Deniz , Derya , Evren , Evrim , Özgür , and Yücel . Unlike English unisex names, most Turkish unisex names have been traditionally used for both genders. However, some unisex names are used more for one gender (Derya

156-651: Is used more for girls, whereas Aytaç is used more for boys). Names are given to babies by their parents and then registered in "The Central Civil Registration System" (MERNIS) while preparing the baby's identity document at the birth registration office of the district's governorship. Turkish names are often words with specific meanings in the Turkish language . Most Turkish names can easily be differentiated from others, except those of other Turkic nations, particularly Azerbaijan (see Azerbaijani name ), especially if they are of pure Turkic origin such as Ersen . The Law on

182-566: The Eurasian Steppe . The feminine equivalent title was begum . The regions or provinces where "beys" ruled or which they administered were called beylik , roughly meaning "governorate" or "region" (the equivalent of a county , duchy , grand duchy or principality in Europe, depending on the size and importance of the beylik ). However the exact scope of power handed to the beks (alternative spelling to beys) varied with each country, thus there

208-679: The North Caucasus highlands were known as taubiy (taubey), meaning the "mountainous chief". Sometimes a Bey was a territorial vassal within a khanate, as in each of the three zuzes under the Khan of the Kazakhs. The variation Beg , Baig or Bai , is still used as a family name or a part of a name in South and Central Asia as well as the Balkans . In Slavic -influenced names, it can be seen in conjunction with

234-431: The "family name", which is his or her father's surname. A child takes their mother's surname if the mother is not married, or if the father is unknown. Turkish citizens may change their surnames according to Turkish Civil Law and Turkish Law on Population Services via court decision of "civil court of first instance". Bey Bey , also spelled as Baig , Bayg , Beigh , Beig , Bek , Baeg, Begh, or Beg ,

260-549: The 1904 work Turkish Life in Town and Country that "distinguished persons and their sons" as well as "high government officials" could become bey , which was one of two "merely conventional designations as indefinite as our ' Esquire ' has come to be [in the United Kingdom]". The Republican Turkish authorities abolished the title circa the 1930s. The title bey ( Arabic : بيه Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [beː] )

286-615: The Adoption and Implementation of the Turkish Alphabet of 1928, in force as decreed by article 174 of the Constitution of Turkey , prescribes that only letters in the Turkish alphabet may be used on birth certificates. As the Turkish alphabet has no Q, W, X, or other symbols, names including those cannot be officially given unless they are transliterated into Turkish. Ideological concerns of

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312-922: The Slavic -ov/-ović/ev suffixes meaning "son of", such as in Bakir and Alija Izetbegović , and Abai Kunanbaev . The title is also used as an honorific by members of the Moorish Science Temple of America and the Moorish Orthodox Church . 'Bey' is also used colloquially in Urdu -speaking parts of India , and its usage is similar to "chap" or "man". When used aggressively, it is an offensive term. The Hungarian word 'bő' originates from an Old Turkic loanword, cognate with Ottoman 'bey', that used to mean 'clan leader' in Old Hungarian. Later, as an adjective, it acquired

338-554: The Turkish Code of Civil Law Article 187 required a married woman to compulsorily obtain her husband's surname after the marriage; or otherwise, to use her birth name in front of her husband's name by giving a written application to the marriage officer or the civil registry office. In 2014, the Constitutional Court ruled that prohibiting married women from retaining only maiden names is a violation of their rights. After divorce,

364-454: The ethnic designation of Uzbeks comes from the name of Öz Beg Khan of the Golden Horde , being an example of the usage of this word in personal names and even names of whole ethnic groups. The general rule is that the honorific is used with first names and not with surnames or last names. The word entered English from Turkish bey , itself derived from Old Turkic beg , which – in

390-463: The families can also affect naming behaviour. Some religious families give first or second names of Arabic origin, which can be names of important figures in the religion of Islam such as Muhammed and Ali . The Arabic-origin names may also be adjectives such as Münci and Mebrure . Some of these names have evolved in time, differentiating from the Arabic original, as in the case of Mehmet (although

416-588: The form bäg – has been mentioned as early as in the Orkhon inscriptions (8th century AD) and is usually translated as "tribal leader". The actual origin of the word is still disputed, though it is mostly agreed that it was a loan-word, in Old Turkic. This Turkic word is usually considered a borrowing from an Iranian language. However, German Turkologist Gerhard Doerfer assessed the derivation from Iranian as superficially attractive but quite uncertain, and pointed out

442-499: The introduction of the Surname Law in 1934, as part of Atatürk's Reforms , ethnic Turks who were Turkish citizens had no surnames. The law required all citizens of Turkey to adopt an official surname. Before that, male Turks often used their father's name followed by -oğlu ("son of"), or a nickname of the family, before their given name (e.g. Mustafa-oğlu Mehmet, Köselerin Hasan) before

468-450: The modern era. The Turks who descended from a ruling house used -zade ("descendant in the male line"), e.g. Sami Paşazade Mehmet Bey ("Mehmet Bey , descendant/son of Sami Pasha "). The surname ( soyad , literally "lineage name" or "family name") is an ancestry-based name following a person's given names, used for addressing people or the family. The surname ( soyadı ) is a single word according to Turkish law such as Akay or Özdemir. It

494-471: The original name [Muhammed] also began to be used after the switch to the Latin alphabet distinguished the two spellings). Another change is for linguistic reasons such as in the case of Vahdettin (from Vahideddin), Sadettin (from Sa'adeddin), or Nurettin (from Nureddin). Some Turkish people with a middle name are commonly referred to with just one of these names, while others are referred to with both. For example,

520-600: The possibility that the word may be genuinely Turkic . Two principal etymologies have been proposed by scholars: It was also used by the Uyghurs . It permitted the Turkic Begs in the Altishahr region to maintain their previous status, and they administered the area for the Qing as officials. High-ranking Begs were allowed to call themselves Begs. Lucy Mary Jane Garnett wrote in

546-728: The virtual sovereign's title in Barbaresque North African 'regency' states was "Bey" (compare Dey ). Notably in Tunis , the Husainid Dynasty used a whole series of title and styles including Bey: Bey was also the title that was awarded by the Sultan of Turkey in the twilight of the Ottoman Empire to Oloye Mohammed Shitta , an African merchant prince of the Yoruba people who served as

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572-411: The woman returns to her pre-marriage surname. The court may grant a woman the right to keep her ex-husband's surname after divorcing; the court's decision must consider both the man's and the woman's situations. A woman may have only two surnames due to marriage. Thus, a woman who continues to use a double surname after divorcing, cannot take a third surname by marrying again. The child of a family takes

598-424: The writer Ferit Orhan Pamuk is commonly known simply as Orhan Pamuk , but another writer, Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar , is known with both given names. Many Turkish people with more than one given name, like Orhan Pamuk, are often known and called by the name preceding their surname, as opposed to Western naming conventions. Some of the given names from earlier periods are still in use such as Öner and Rasih . Until

624-634: Was also called beyk or bek ( بيك ) – from Turkish beyg ( بيـگ ) – in North Africa, including Egypt. A bey could maintain a similar office within Arab states that broke away from the High Porte , such as Egypt and Sudan under the Muhammad Ali Dynasty , where it was a rank below pasha (maintained in two rank classes after 1922), and a title of courtesy for a pasha's son. Even much earlier,

650-496: Was known as Petrobey . Other Beys saw their own Beylik promoted to statehood, e.g.: Bey or a variation has also been used as an aristocratic title in various Turkic states, such as Bäk in the Tatar Khanate of Kazan , in charge of a Beylik called Bäklek . The Uzbek Khanate of Khiva , Emirate of Bukhara and The Khanate of Kokand used the "beks" as local administrations of "bekliks" or provinces. The Balkar princes in

676-494: Was no clear-cut system, rigidly applied to all countries defining all the possible power and prestige that came along with the title. Today, the word is still used formally as a social title for men, similar to the way the titles " sir " and " mister " are used in the English language. Additionally, it is widely used in the naming customs of Central Asia , namely in countries such as Uzbekistan , Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan . Notably,

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