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23-656: Menzil (formerly Durak ) is a village in the Kâhta District , Adıyaman Province , Turkey . The village is populated by Kurds of the Kawan tribe and had a population of 2,318 in 2021. The village is home to a Naqshbandi lodge. This geographical article about a location in Adıyaman Province , Turkey is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ad%C4%B1yaman Province Adıyaman Province ( Turkish : Adıyaman ili , Kurdish : Parêzgeha Semsûr )

46-514: A Shafi'i population. The majority of the population is Hanafi Kurdish , with a significant Kurdish Alevi population. One estimate from 2014 places the Alevi population at 11%. The province is generally more pious than other Kurdish areas in Turkey and has been a hotspot for radicalization and Islamism in recent years (see Dokumacılar ). Historian Şahidin Şimşek argued that Hanafi adherents in

69-680: A Yezidi saint who is represented as the Lord of sea in the Yezidi religion . and today Yezidis from the Reşwan tribe live in Shengal and Duhok , while some of them live in Turkey and neighboring countries. The name of the tribe was recorded in the defter for Kahta , Besni and Adıyaman in 1519, after Sultan Selim I conquered the area. The tribe was recorded again in 1524 and 1536. During this period, there were inconsistencies about which families were part of

92-568: A nomadic life around Ankara and Konya were subjected to sedentarization attempts by the Ottomans, as part of the Tanzimat . The first attempt took place in 1830, wherein the authorities notified the Reşwan headmen of the Central Anatolian plains regarding their plans to settle them around Sivas . This led to discontent among the leaders who suggested Konya and Ankara as areas of settlement, which

115-423: A nomadic lifestyle. Evliya Çelebi visited the city in the 17th century and described the agricultural life. At the beginning of the 19th century, most Armenians lived near the castle of Adıyaman city and mostly made their living through shop keeping and trading. In the villages, they were involved in agriculture and animal husbandry . The local Armenians welcomed American missionaries approaching them during

138-656: A population of 208,755 in 1955 of which 99.8% adhered to Islam and 0.2% to Christianity . In 1960, the province had a population of 233,717 of which 99.7% was Muslim and 0.3% Christian. In 1965, the population increased to 267,277 of which 99.8% was Muslim and 0.2% Christian. The Turkish authorities put the province under State of emergency ( OHAL ) in the early 1990s as part of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict . In 2023, 7.8 and 7.5 magnitude earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş also affected Adıyaman. The province consists of

161-481: Is a province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey . The capital is Adıyaman . Its area is 7,337 km , and its population is 635,169 (2022). The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority. Adıyaman Province was part of the province of Malatya until 1954, when it was made into a province as a reward for voting for the winning Democratic Party in

184-535: The 1954 general election . Armenian existence in Adıyaman dates back to the 4th century, where they were known as 'fire worshippers'. Armenians lived in the area when Muslim Arabs captured the area in 639. The Arabs considered the city as part of Armenia and experienced immigration from Byzantine Armenia due to Byzantine oppression in 713. The city came under Seljuk rule after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 and

207-653: The 17th century, the earliest mention is from 1683, the tribes taxes were included into the Ottoman foundation financing the construction and maintenance of the Atik Valide Mosque . According to Johann Ludwig Burckhardt , Reşwans were often in contact and at war with nearby Turkoman tribes, who didn't hold the Reşwans in esteem. During the 1890s, the leader of the tribe Yakup Ragıp protected Armenians from Ottoman massacres. In early 19th century, Reşwan members who lived

230-490: The 19th century at first, but prevented them from converted them later on. Some of the Gregorian Armenians did however convert to Protestantism and the missionaries ultimately divided the local Armenian community. Ainsworth visited the town of Adıyaman in the 1842 and mentioned that the town contained 800 Muslim households and 300 Armenian households and that it had several mosques but no churches . After his visit to

253-649: The European Crusader states , but the Crusader County of Edessa would advance against the Armenians in Adıyaman. Political leaders in Adıyaman were also victims of assassinations by Edessa. The wife of Kogh Vasil founded an army to protect the area from Edessa as well, but Edessa ultimately captured the area. Close relations between the Armenians and the Crusader states , however, continued until Nur ad-Din captured

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276-407: The Ottomans agreed on. In other places, the tribe resisted and it is well-documented that they would bribe and even give up everything to continue their semi-nomadic life. During the sedentarization, authorities would both construct new villages for the tribe but also divide and distribute them to already-existing villages to mitigate any rebellion. An 1859 document shows that about 500 households of

299-515: The Teşikan tribe. The Alevis of the western districts of Besni , Gölbaşı and Tut are Turkmen and Kurdish. 37°48′02″N 38°18′19″E  /  37.80056°N 38.30528°E  / 37.80056; 38.30528 Re%C5%9Fwan (tribe) Nuh Ateş, a scholar and editor of Bîrnebûn, suggests that the name Reşwan is a compound of the Kurdish words reş ( transl.  black ) and

322-629: The area in 1150. The area came under the rule of Timurtash of the Artuqids for his support for Nur ad-Din and later the Seljuks from the beginning of the 13th century. The locals failed at removing the rulership of Kilij Arslan II during the late 12th century. In the subsequent period, the area was fought over between the Mamluk Sultanate and the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia , changing hands between

345-400: The districts Adıyaman (center district), Besni , Çelikhan , Gerger , Gölbaşı , Kâhta , Samsat , Sincik and Tut . Out of the 339 villages in the province, 296 are populated by Kurds while the remaining 43 are populated by Turks. In terms of religious affiliation, 293 of the villages have an Hanafi population, 80 villages with an Alevi population and two villages are reported to having

368-668: The local Armenians established principalities in the area. One of these principalities was founded by Philaretos Brachamios who tried to protect the land between the Seljuk and the Byzantine . After his death, the region came under control of various chieftains such as Kogh Vasil and Constantine of Gargar . The region around Gargar and the Mor Bar Sauma Monastery became a particular base of power for local chiefs of Syrian and Armenian origin. The Armenians had good relations with

391-532: The plural form -ân . Stefan Winter argues Reşwan can be understood as "The Blacks" in Kurdish. Nonetheless, the name of the tribe was written in over fifty different ways in Ottoman documents due to erroneous translations from Kurdish. The tribe also goes by the name Reşî . A tribe by the name of "Reşan" is mentioned in a Yezidi mişûr (manuscript) from 1207 AD, as one of the tribes affiliated to Pir Sini Darani,

414-522: The province had been manipulated by the state to believe that Kurdish nationalism equated to Alevism. Another theory points at the poverty in the province. The Kurdish tribes in the province include the Alikan, Atman, Balyan, Belikan tribe, Bêzikan, Birîmşa, Bîstikan, Canbegan, Celikan, Dêrsimî, Dirêjan, Gewozî, Hevêdan, Heyderan, Hûriyan, Izol, Kawan, Kerdizan, Kîkan, Kirvar, Mirdesan, Molikan, Mukriyan, Pîrvan, Reşwan, Şavak, Sinemilli, Sînanka, Şêxbizin and

437-589: The town, he visited the Kurdish village of Kerkunah in the outskirts and afterwards Kâhta , where he mentioned that a Kurdish rebellion was taking place. Most of the rural areas spoke Kurdish in 1882, while Turkish was prevalent in Adıyaman town. Armenian nationalism increased among the Armenians by the end of the century and most of the Armenian population fell victim to the Armenian genocide in 1915. There are, however, still some Armenians around Kâhta . The area

460-583: The tribe and its population. Nonetheless, they were mainly transhumant nomadic and engaged in agriculture as well. Reşwan Kurds are mentioned in the geography book Cihannuma , which began being written in 1648 by the Ottoman intellectual, Katip Çelebi . He describes Reşwan Kurds as Yazidis who live in Ufacıḳlı , Baḳrāṣlı and Behisnī . Additionally, it is mentioned that most of the people of Malatya are Kurds and that one of their clans in these parts are "mischievous rebels" and "highway robbers". Somewhen in

483-485: The tribe lived in Haymana , being sedentarized in 43 villages. By 1880, this section of the tribe had been sedentarized. These tribe members were originally from Adıyaman, Islahiye and Gaziantep Province . In the 2000s, the tribe mainly voted for the conservative Justice and Development Party (AKP) until 2014, when the well-known Reşvan Kurdish politician Dengir Mir Mehmet Fırat resigned from AKP and decided to run for

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506-531: The two until it finally came under permanent Mamluk control. Ottoman Sultan Selim I captured the area during the Ottoman–Mamluk War in 1516-1517. In the first defter of the area in 1519, it was mentioned that the Kurdish Reşwan tribe populated the area. Documents from 1524 and 1536 also contain records of the Reşwan tribe living in the area. The tribe was engaged in agriculture after having had

529-473: Was part of Mamuret-ul-Aziz Vilayet as Behisni, Hasanmansur and Kahta districts. These three districts had a total population of 99,439 in 1914 of which 93.4% was Muslim and 6.6% Christian. The names of 224 villages in Adiyaman Province was Turkified as part of the campaign to remove any mention of Kurdishness in the country. In 1932, the whole region was chiefly populated by Kurds. The province had

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