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42-555: The Melodians are a rocksteady band formed in the Greenwich Town area of Kingston , Jamaica , in 1963, by Tony Brevett (born 1949, nephew of The Skatalites bassist , Lloyd Brevett ), Brent Dowe and Trevor McNaughton. Renford Cogle assisted with writing and arranging material. Trevor McNaughton had the idea of putting a group together and contacted the then 14-year-old Tony Brevett, who had already had success in local talent shows. Brevett recruited his friend Brent Dowe and

84-815: A bike lane for bicyclists and rollerbladers. Hollywood has 32 public (and charter) schools and 24 private schools. The public schools are operated by the Broward County Public Schools . Broward County operates 24 public schools, consisting of four high schools, six middle schools, and 14 elementary schools. The public high schools in Hollywood are Hollywood Hills High School , McArthur High School , South Broward High School , and Sheridan Technical College and High School . The public middle schools include Apollo Middle School, Attucks Middle School, Driftwood Middle School, McNicol Middle School, Olsen Middle School, and Beachside Montessori Village. Hollywood

126-417: A broadwalk that extends about 2.5 miles along the ocean. Parking is available on side streets or in garages for a fee, and public trolleys run through the day. Restaurants and hotels line the broadwalk, along with a theatre, children's playground, and other attractions, including bicycle-rental shops, ice-cream parlors, souvenir shops, and a farmer's market. The broadwalk is used for walking and jogging, and has

168-452: A portion deeded to Dania Beach. Hollywood has a tropical rainforest climate ( Köppen climate classification Af ), with long, hot, humid, and rainy summers and short, warm, and dry winters. As of 2000, Hollywood had the 75th-highest percentage of Cuban residents in the U.S., at 4.23% of its population, and the 65th-highest percentage of Colombian residents in the US, at 2.26% (tied with both

210-436: A similar way to what happened at Motown, the musicians responsible for playing this new sound would go to a jazz club after work. Other influences were: most notably, American rhythm and blues - Fats Domino, Louis Jordan and many others - mento , Calypso music and African Drumming feature, too. By the time rocksteady came around American Soul music was strong and that had an influence as well. The tempo became slower with

252-595: A week of shows at the historic Diplomat Hotel in 1987 and featured aerial footage shot over Hollywood, Florida. Episode 15 of season six of the HBO crime drama The Sopranos featured scenes shot in the vicinity of the Hollywood Beach Marriott along Carolina Street. The Art and Culture Center of Hollywood is the exterior of the police substation in the TV show The Glades . The comedy series Big Time in Hollywood, FL

294-707: Is between 69 and 83 °F (21 and 28 °C). In 1920, Joseph Young arrived in South Florida to create his own "Dream City in Florida". His vision included the beaches of the Atlantic Ocean stretching westward with man-made lakes, infrastructure, roads, and the Intracoastal Waterway . He wanted to include large parks, schools, churches, and golf courses, all industries and activities that were very important to him. After Young spent millions of dollars constructing

336-550: Is headquartered in Hollywood. Since 1991, the Invicta Watch Group , a manufacturer and marketer of timepieces and writing instruments, has been headquartered in Hollywood, where it also operates its customer-service call center. According to the city's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, its top employers are: Guided tours along the Intracoastal Waterway are common in Hollywood. The waterway, parallel to

378-654: Is really slow ska." Rocksteady's dominance meant that all record labels of the time released music in the genre; Studio One, Treasure Isle, Bunny Lee and Prince Buster were predominant. The record producer Duke Reid released Alton Ellis' "Girl I've Got a Date" on his Treasure Isle label, as well as recordings by the Techniques , the Silvertones , the Jamaicans and the Paragons . Reid's work with these groups helped establish

420-477: Is served by Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport , the nation's 22nd-busiest airport. Broward County Transit operates several bus routes that pass through the city, such as the 1 on US 1 (federal highway). It is also served by Tri-Rail stations at Sheridan Street and Hollywood . The Hollywood Police Department is an entity within the city government tasked with law enforcement in Hollywood. The television game show Hollywood Squares taped

462-550: Is sometimes said to be the father of rocksteady for his hit "Rocksteady"; however, other candidates for the first rocksteady single include "Take It Easy" by Hopeton Lewis , "Tougher Than Tough" by Derrick Morgan and "Hold Them" by Roy Shirley . One account of rocksteady's inception comes from the film "Studio One Drummie and the history of rocksteady music": rock steady music started at Studio One in 1966 because when Joe Isaacs at age 15 replaced Skatalites drummer Lloyd Knibbs, Isaacs could not play drums fast enough to keep up with

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504-791: The Billboard Reggae Albums chart. In February 2017, the Melodians received an 'Iconic Award' from the Jamaica Reggae Industry Association (JaRIA). On the evening of 29 January 2006, after a rehearsal in preparation for a performance to take place the following weekend at the Jamaican Prime Minister’s residence, Brent Dowe suffered a fatal heart attack at the age of 59. The remaining original members Tony Brevett and Trevor McNaughton continued touring in Europe and

546-479: The Rastafarian movement, and was featured on the soundtrack of the movie The Harder They Come . In the early 1970s Brevett also recorded as a solo artist, having his greatest success with "Don't Get Weary". After Kong's death in 1971, they recorded for Lee Perry and Byron Lee 's Dynamic Studios. In 1973, Brent Dowe left the group for a solo career. The group reformed briefly a few years later, and again in

588-859: The U.S. backed by the Yellow Wall Dub Squad. On 25 October 2013 Tony Brevett died from cancer after being admitted to hospital in Miami in August. He was 64 years old. McNaughton, the last surviving original member of the group, died on 20 November 2018 at the Kendrick Rehabilitation Hospital in Hollywood, Florida , from respiratory failure. He was 77, and had been admitted to hospital the previous month. Rocksteady The Jamaican musicians and producers who developed rocksteady had grown up learning and playing jazz and had played through ska. In

630-465: The 3 nurses and the nursing home chief was acquitted. The Florida Department of Economic Opportunity created Rebuild Florida, an initiative to provide aid to citizens affected by Irma. Its initial focus was its Housing Repair Program, which offered assistance in rebuilding families' homes. The program prioritized low-income vulnerable residents, such as the disabled, the elderly, and families with children under five. The program had varied results across

672-613: The Hills", in New York. The Florida guide , published by the Federal Writers' Project , describes the development of Hollywood, an early example of the planned communities that proliferated in Florida during the real-estate boom of the 1920s: During the early days of development here, 1,500 trucks and tractors were engaged in clearing land and grading streets; two yacht basins, designed by General George Washington Goethals , chief engineer in

714-644: The Skatalites disbanded (64/65—accounts vary) McCook went to work at the Treasure Isle label and Jackie Mittoo went to the Studio One label—these two artists/arrangers became instrumental in the way these two labels became dominant and helped to form the sound of Rocksteady. Despite its short lifespan, rocksteady's influence is great. Many reggae artists began in rocksteady (and/or ska)—most commonly reggae singers grew out of rocksteady groups, e.g., Junior Byles came from

756-590: The Techniques , which is a cover of "Minstrel and Queen" by the Impressions . There are rocksteady songs about religion and the Rastafari movement , though not to the same extent as in reggae. Rocksteady coincided with the rise of rude boys and some rocksteady songs reflect this (usually negatively) such as "Rude Boy Gone A Jail" by the Clarendonians and, most famously, "Judge Dread" by Prince Buster. Alton Ellis

798-714: The Techniques and "Lonely Street" by the Conquerors, both for Treasure Isle label. Hollywood, Florida Hollywood is a city in Broward County, Florida , United States. It is a suburb in the Miami metropolitan area . The population of Hollywood was 153,067 as of 2020, making it the third-largest city in Broward County, the fifth-largest in the Miami metropolitan area, and the 12th-largest in Florida . The average temperature

840-707: The Versatiles, John Holt was in the Paragons, both Pat Kelly and Slim Smith sang with the Techniques (Pat Kelly sings lead on "You Don't Care") and Ronnie Davis was in the Tennors while Winston Jarrett was in the Righteous Flames. The Wailing Wailers were similarly a vocal harmony trio (modelled on the Impressions) who came from ska, through rocksteady and became a reggae band with just the one main vocalist. Derrick Harriott noted, "Ask any Jamaican musician and they'll tell you

882-494: The arrangements, and the piano gave way to the electric organ . Other developments included horns fading farther into the background; the introduction of a scratchier, more percussive rhythm guitar; the addition of African-style hand drumming, and a more precise, intricate and aggressive drumming style. Also around this time (1969–70) the use of a vocal-free or lead instrument-free dub or B-side "version" became popular in Jamaica; at

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924-460: The beginning this involved the use of rocksteady tracks, most notably with U-Roy deejaying over Treasure Isle rhythms (made by a young Osbourne Ruddock, later known as King Tubby , beginning with "Wake the Town"). Indeed, this collaboration provided rocksteady with an afterlife as U-Roy rocksteady-based songs rode high in the charts (1970–71), even as reggae began to establish itself as the new sound. By

966-500: The city, he was elected its first mayor in 1925. The town quickly became home to northerners known as " snowbirds ", who fled the north during the winter and then escaped the south during the summer. By 1960, Hollywood had more than 2,400 hotel units and 12,170 single-family homes. Young bought up thousands of acres of land around 1920, and named his new town "Hollywood by the Sea" to distinguish it from his other real-estate venture, "Hollywood in

1008-439: The city-to-be on trails blazed through palmetto thickets; so desolate and forlorn were some stretches that many women became hysterical, it is said, and a few fainted." Young had a vision of lakes, golf courses, a luxury beach hotel (Hollywood Beach Hotel, now Hollywood Beach Resort), country clubs, and a main street, Hollywood Boulevard. Hollywood was severely damaged by the 1926 Miami hurricane ; local newspapers reported that it

1050-501: The construction of the Panama Canal , were dredged and connected with the Intracoastal Waterway. A large power plant was installed, and when the city lights went on for the first time, ships at sea reported that Miami was on fire, and their radio alarms and the red glow in the sky brought people to the rescue from miles around. Prospective purchasers of land were enticed by free hotel accommodation and entertainment, and "were driven about

1092-423: The development of rocksteady than it had been in ska. The guitar and piano players began to experiment with occasional accents around the basic offbeat pattern. The slowing that occurred with rocksteady allowed bass players to explore more fat, dark, loose, slow tones than ska bass. The slower tempo and smaller band-sizes in turn led to a much larger focus on the bass line in general, which eventually became one of

1134-625: The early 1980s. The Melodians regrouped again in the 1990s as part of the roots revival . In 1992 they recorded "Song of Love", which was issued on the Tappa Zukie label. Throughout the later 1990s they continued touring internationally, including appearing at the Sierra Nevada World Music Festival in California in 2002. In 2005 The Melodians embarked on a West Coast tour. The death of Tony Brevett in 2013 left McNaughton as

1176-416: The group was formed, with Brevett taking on lead vocal duties. Bramwell Brown and Renford Cogle also had short stints in the group in its early days, and Cogle became one of the group's main songwriters. The group recorded some material with Prince Buster before Ken Boothe introduced them to Coxsone Dodd 's Studio One label where in 1966 they recorded "Lay It On" (one of the first records to reflect

1218-406: The late 1960s, the Rastafari movement became more popular in Jamaica and rocksteady became less popular. Many reggae songs became focused less on romance and more on black consciousness, politics and protest. The release of the 1972 film The Harder They Come and the rise of Jamaican superstar Bob Marley brought reggae to an international level that rocksteady never reached. Although rocksteady

1260-496: The middle to later part of the decade, as ska began to fade in popularity and the optimism that accompanied Independence in 1962 dwindled, young people from the Jamaican countryside were flooding into the urban ghettos of Kingston —in neighborhoods such as Riverton City, Greenwich Town and Trenchtown . Many of them became delinquents who exuded a certain coolness and style. These unruly youths became known as rude boys . Alton Ellis

1302-526: The ocean, allows people to explore nature and observe their surroundings. Young Circle, named after the city's founder, is surrounded by shops, restaurants, and bars. A Food-Truck Takeover occurs every Monday, during which dozens of local food trucks offer a variety of cuisines, including Cuban, Venezuelan, Mediterranean, Mexican, Jamaican, and Peruvian, in addition to barbecue, burgers, gourmet grilled cheese, and desserts. Hollywood has about 60 parks, seven golf courses, and sandy beaches. Hollywood Beach has

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1344-513: The only surviving original member. McNaughton toured as a solo artist in 2014 and subsequently recruited Taurus Alphonso (formerly of the Mellow Tones) and Winston Dias (formerly of The Movers) to form a new Melodians line-up. As of February 2015, the group were recording a new album in Florida with producer Willie Lindo . The Return of the Melodians was released in May 2017 and went on to reach no. 19 on

1386-442: The pace of ska - music director Jackie Mittoo (The Mozart of Jamaica), slowed down the tempo. Another account comes from a Jamaican radio interview, pianist Gladstone Anderson said that bandleader Lynn Taitt made a suggestion to slow the music down whilst recording "Take It Easy". Taitt backed this up in a 2002 interview, stating: "I told 'Gladdy to slow the tempo and that's how Take It Easy and rocksteady came about. Rocksteady

1428-430: The recognizable characteristics of Jamaican music. In rocksteady, the lead guitar often doubles the bass line, in the muted picking style created by Lynn Taitt (as on "Run for Cover" by Lee "Scratch" Perry ). Due in part to the heavy borrowing from US soul songs, many rocksteady songs are love songs; e.g. "Sharing You" by Prince Buster, which is a cover of a soul singer Mitty Collier 's original, and "Queen Majesty" by

1470-409: The rocksteady days were the best days of Jamaican music." Several factors contributed to the evolution of rocksteady into reggae in the late 1960s. The emigration to Canada of key musical arrangers Jackie Mittoo and Lynn Taitt —and the upgrading of Jamaican studio technology—had a marked effect on the sound and style of the recordings. Bass patterns became more complex and increasingly dominated

1512-634: The shift from ska to rocksteady), "Meet Me", "I Should Have Made It Up" and "Let's Join Hands (Together)". Lead vocal duties were now shared between Brevett and Dowe. From 1967 to 1968 they had a number of hits on Duke Reid 's Treasure Isle label , including "You Have Caught Me", "Expo 67", "I'll Get Along Without You", and "You Don't Need Me". After recording "Swing and Dine" for record producer Sonia Pottinger , they had further hits with "Little Nut Tree" before recording their biggest hit, " Rivers of Babylon " for Leslie Kong . This song became an anthem of

1554-470: The state, with hundreds of citizens claiming they were left without help. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 30.8 square miles (80 km ), of which 3.46 square miles (9 km ) are covered by water (11.23%). Hollywood is in southeastern Broward County, and includes about 5 to 6 miles (8.0 to 9.7 km) of Atlantic Ocean beach, interrupted briefly by

1596-457: The town and village of Mount Kisco, New York .) It also had the 57th-highest percentage of Peruvian residents in the US, at 1.05% (tied with Locust Valley, New York ), and the 20th-highest percentage of Romanian residents in the US, at 1.1% (tied with several other areas). Before it dissolved, Commodore Cruise Line and its subsidiary Crown Cruise Line were headquartered in Hollywood. Aerospace and electronics parts manufacturer HEICO

1638-429: The vocal sound of rocksteady. Some would consider the rocksteady years to be Treasure Isle's best. Notable solo artists include Delroy Wilson , Ken Boothe and Phyllis Dillon (known as the "Queen of Rocksteady"). Other musicians who were crucial in creating rocksteady included keyboard player Jackie Mittoo , drummers Joe Isaacs and Winston Grennan, bassist Jackie Jackson and saxophonist Tommy McCook . When ska band

1680-472: Was a short-lived phase of Jamaican popular music, its influence on what came after: reggae, dub and dancehall is significant. Many bass lines originally created for rocksteady songs continue to be used in contemporary Jamaican music. Such as the rhythm from "Never Let Go" by Slim Smith (sometimes known as the 'answer rhythm') and "Real Rock" both from the Studio One label; "My Conversation" also sung by Slim Smith, produced by Bunny Lee; "Queen Majesty" sung by

1722-457: Was anti-rudie, and Alton Ellis and the Flames' "Cry Tough", released before the term rocksteady was in vogue, urged Jamaicans in the ghettos to stay tough through the hard times. As a popular musical style, rocksteady was short-lived - the genre's heyday only lasted about two years, from around summer 1966 until spring 1968. However, its influence can still be heard in rhythms used today. Also, in

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1764-538: Was second only to Miami in losses from the storm. After Young's death in 1934, the city encountered other destructive hurricanes, and the stock market crashed, causing personal financial misfortunes. Hurricane Irma hit Florida in 2017, causing damage and power outages in Hollywood. 12 residents of the Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills died of heat exposure. Four nursing-home staff were charged with negligence and manslaughter. Charges were dropped against

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