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52-638: The Medinah Temple is a large Moorish Revival building in Chicago built by Shriners architects Huehl & Schmid in 1912. It is located on the Near North Side of Chicago, Illinois at 600 N. Wabash Avenue, extending from Ohio Street to Ontario Street. It is currently the temporary home of Bally's Chicago casino , while the $ 1.7B permanent location is being constructed nearby. The building originally housed an ornate auditorium, seating approximately 4,200 people, on three levels. The stage floor extended

104-692: A church in Old Mill Creek, Illinois but was never installed due to the prohibitively high cost of re-assembly. According to the Organ Historical Society database the instrument is no longer extant. In late 2000, the Medinah Shriners left the building. The exterior was restored, while the interior was gutted and rebuilt It was designated a Chicago Landmark on June 27, 2001. as Bloomingdale's Home and Furniture Store, which opened in 2003. In June 2019, Bloomingdale's parent company, Macy's , sold

156-627: A considerable distance into the auditorium, and the seating was arranged in a U-shape around it. The auditorium contained an Austin Organ Company pipe organ (opus no. 558), installed in 1915, with 92 ranks, a 5-manual fixed console and a 4-manual movable console (added in 1931). Among the many events that took place in this venue was the annual Shrine Circus . Additionally, WGN-TV used the Medinah Temple for The Bozo 25th Anniversary Special (telecast live September 7, 1986). The fine acoustics of

208-430: A constructive function but which were also decorative. Brick held great importance as a material of construction, its maneuverability and resistance, aesthetic characteristics and inexpensive nature, made it suitable for architecture that needed to be built in a timely fashion. Mudejar decoration and ornamentation includes stylized calligraphy and intricate geometric and vegetal forms. The classic Mudéjar elements include

260-710: A cultural setting that had already been penetrated by Ottoman architecture . By the mid-19th century, the style was adopted by the Jews of Central Europe , who associated Moorish and Mudéjar architectural forms with the Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain . It has also been argued that Jewish communities adopted this architecture (which in Western eyes was seen as stereotypical of "Islamic" or " Oriental " culture more broadly) for more complex reasons; mainly, as an affirmation or reclamation of

312-521: A five-manual, 92 rank pipe organ, Austin Organs Opus 558, installed in 1915. The instrument was the first five-manual instrument built by the firm and one of the largest in the city. It was controlled by a five-manual gallery console and a movable four-manual console. In March 2001 the City Council approved funding to remove the organ for eventual donation to a non-profit organization. It was donated to

364-632: A hippodrome, rollercoaster, observation deck for the surrounding desert, and what was marketed as the largest dance hall in the world. Like Iranistan before it, Saltair was destroyed by fire in 1925 and again in 1970; the first of which, less than 30 years after opening. The trend continued into the early 1900s, for example in the 1909 Murat Shrine Temple in Indianapolis, Indiana . The 1914 Pittock Mansion in Portland, Oregon incorporates Turkish design features, as well as French, English, and Italian ones;

416-454: A key feature of Islamic art and architectural traditions, but in conveying the sumptuousness of materials and ornament. Many decorative arts were applied to architecture, such as the tiling and ceramic work, as well as carving practices. To enliven the surfaces of wall and floor, Mudéjar art developed complicated tiling patterns. The motifs on tile work are often abstract, leaning more on vegetal designs and straying from figural images (which

468-476: A long period until the early 20th century. In Spain, the country was conceived as the place of origin of Moorish ornamentation, and the interest in this sort of architecture fluctuated from province to province. The mainstream was called Neo-Mudéjar . In Catalonia , Antoni Gaudí 's profound interest in Mudéjar heritage governed the design of his early works, such as Casa Vicens or Astorga Palace . In Andalusia,

520-426: A range of objects, from bowls and plates to candlesticks. Mudejar style ceramics were typically worked in three “styles:” green-purple ware (manganese green), ( cobalt ) blue ware, and gold-glazed ware ( lusterware ). Mudejar artisans introduced their perfected glazing techniques to Medieval Europe where Mudejar pottery from Manises, Paterna, and Teruel were the most popular. A transparent glaze could be achieved through

572-634: A “common visual language” rather than a cohesive structure with particular regulations. This led to Mudejar design themes in the New World to be considered purely a continuation of an architectural blend that was unique to Spain. The Church of San Miguel in Sucre , Bolivia, provides an example of Mudéjar in Hispanic America with its interior decorations and the open floor plan. Mudéjar geometric design can be seen through its octagonal patterned wood ceiling and in

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624-599: Is common in Islamic work). The colors of tile work of the Mudéjar period are much brighter and more vibrant than other European styles. The production process was also typical of techniques that had been used in Islamic Iberia, the tile was fired before it was cut into smaller, more manageable pieces. This approach meant that the tiles and glaze work shrank less in the firing process, and retained their designs more clearly. This allowed

676-563: Is considered one of the greatest surviving examples of Mudéjar Gothic and Mudéjar Renaissance architecture although its so-called Mudéjar Rooms are directly related to the Moorish Nasirid architecture of the Alhambra rather than to Mudéjar art techniques; the Christian king Pedro of Castile employed architects from the then Islamic Emirate of Granada to construct them. Mudéjar art emerged in

728-756: Is expected to remain at Medinah Temple until the casino's permanent location in the River West neighborhood is completed in 2026. Moorish Revival architecture The "Moorish" garden structures built at Sheringham Park in Norfolk, ca. 1812, were an unusual touch at the time, a parallel to chinoiserie , as a dream vision of fanciful whimsy, not meant to be taken seriously; however, as early as 1826, Edward Blore used Islamic arches , domes of various size and shapes and other details of Near Eastern Islamic architecture to great effect in his design for Alupka Palace in Crimea ,

780-526: The Arabic word Mudajjan مدجن , meaning "tamed", referring to Muslims who submitted to the rule of Christian kings. The term likely originated as a taunt, as the word was usually applied to domesticated animals such as poultry. The term Mudéjar can also be translated from Arabic as "one permitted to remain", which references Christians allowing Muslims to remain in Christian Iberia. The concept "arte mudéjar"

832-565: The Ottoman Empire or the growing pan-Slavic movement by creating an " Islamic architecture of European fantasy". This included application of ornamentations and other Moorish design strategies neither of which had much to do with prior architectural direction of indigenous Bosnian architecture . The central post office in Sarajevo , for example, follows distinct formal characteristics of design like clarity of form, symmetry, and proportion while

884-656: The Pena Palace in Sintra ), the Neo-Mamluk Dulber palace in Koreiz , and the palace in Likani exemplified the continuing development of the style. Another exception was Bosnia , where, after its occupation by Austria-Hungary , the new authorities commissioned a range of Neo-Moorish structures. The aim was to promote Bosnian national identity while avoiding its association with either

936-661: The Sammezzano , one of Europe's largest and most elaborate Moorish Revival structures, in Tuscany between 1853 and 1889. Although Carlo Bugatti employed Moorish arcading among the exotic features of his furniture, shown at the 1902 exhibition at Turin , by that time the Moorish Revival was very much on the wane almost everywhere. A notable exception was Imperial Russia , where the shell-encrusted Morozov House in Moscow (a stylisation of

988-449: The horseshoe and multi-lobed arch, muqarna vaults, alfiz (molding around an arch), wooden roofing, fired bricks, glazed ceramic tiles, and ornamental stucco work. Mudejar plasterwork, sometimes called Yeseria , includes all the Islamic motifs, such as epigraphic, “atauriques,” or arabesque ornament, and geometrical motifs, although motifs of Christian art are also included, such as Gothic vegetables and shields, they are depicted in

1040-531: The 16th century, imported Mudéjar art decorated tiles from Seville appear in churches and palaces, such as the Royal Palace of Sintra. Christian builders and craftsmen carried Mudéjar style elements to the overseas territories of the Spanish empire, especially in the 16th century, complementing Renaissance architecture before the emergence of Baroque. The Mudéjar "style" in architecture is most accurately described as

1092-874: The 1860s, the style spread across America, with Olana , the painter Frederic Edwin Church 's house overlooking the Hudson River, Castle Garden in Jacksonville and Longwood in Natchez, Mississippi usually cited among the more prominent examples. After the American Civil War, Moorish or Turkish smoking rooms achieved some popularity. There were Moorish details in the interiors created for the Henry Osborne Havemeyer residence on Fifth Avenue by Louis Comfort Tiffany . The most thorough example of Moorish Revival architecture

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1144-645: The Christian Reconquista in the Middle Ages and were allowed to practice their religion to a limited degree. Mudéjar art is valuable in that it represents peaceful co-existence between Muslims and Christians during the medieval era, although all Muslims and Jews in Spain eventually were forced to convert to Christianity or exiled between the late 15th century and the early-to-mid 16th century . The Mudéjar decorative elements were developed in Iberia specially in

1196-459: The Christian architectural practices of the different regions in the Christian kingdoms differed greatly, but all come under the general umbrella term of Mudejar art . Mudejar style in architecture refers to the application of decorative Islamic art styled motifs and patterning to Christian styles of architecture. It is thought to have begun with Muslim craftsmen who applied traditional constructive, ornamental, and decorative elements derived from

1248-580: The Islamic arts to Christian styles of architecture. These methods became part of local Christian building traditions and were applied to Romanesque , Gothic , and Renaissance architectural styles in the expanding Christian kingdoms of Iberia. These decorative techniques included calligraphy, intricate geometry, and vegetal forms derived from Islamic art and architecture. Mudejar constructive systems were very simple and extremely effective. The materials used included brick, along with other artificial stone materials, and wood, which were not only entrusted with

1300-616: The Kingdom of León: notable examples can be found in Toledo , Ávila , Segovia , Toro , Cuéllar , Arévalo and Madrigal de las Altas Torres . Later, Mudéjar was spread into southern Spain by the Kingdom of Castile . A particularly fine example of Mudéjar Renaissance is the Casa de Pilatos , built in the early 16th century at Seville . Seville includes many other examples of Mudéjar art. The Alcázar of Seville

1352-501: The Medinah Temple's auditorium made it a favorite site for recording. Many of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra 's most famous recordings from the late 1960s (for RCA with then-music director Jean Martinon ) through the 1980s (for Decca with then-music director Sir Georg Solti ) were recorded there. The music to Fantasia 2000 was recorded at the Medinah Temple auditorium from 1994 to 1996. The auditorium also contained

1404-555: The Middle Eastern roots of their history and thus as a way of setting themselves apart from the surrounding Western or Christian society. This came at time when Jews were gaining more freedoms in some European societies and the construction of ostentatious synagogues was possible for the first time, thus provoking a search for a new distinct style of architecture. Historian John M. Efron of the University of California at Berkeley regards

1456-706: The Neo-Mudéjar style gained belated popularity in connection with the Ibero-American Exposition of 1929 . It was epitomized by Plaza de España of Seville and the Gran Teatro Falla in Cádiz . In Madrid , the Neo-Mudéjar was a characteristic style of housing and public buildings at the turn of the century. In contrast, the 1920s return of interest to the style resulted in such buildings as the bullring of Las Ventas and Diario ABC office. A Spanish nobleman built

1508-574: The United States, Washington Irving 's fanciful travel sketch, Tales of the Alhambra (1832), first brought Moorish Andalusia into readers' imaginations; one of the first neo-Moorish structures was Iranistan , a mansion of P. T. Barnum in Bridgeport, Connecticut . Constructed in 1848 and destroyed by fire ten years later, this architectural extravaganza "sprouted bulbous domes and horseshoe arches". In

1560-427: The appearance of gold and other precious metals. Similarly to tile and stucco work, ceramic motifs included vegetal patterns, in addition to figurative motifs, calligraphy, and geometric patterns and images. There are also Christian influences in the imagery, such as boats, fern leaves, hearts, and castles. Mudéjar art has had modern revivals, the most important in Spain and Portugal being Neo-Mudéjar that appeared in

1612-691: The building to Chicago developer, Al Friedman. The store closed in September 2020, for redevelopment. On May 5, 2022, it was reported that the Medinah Temple would be renovated as a temporary home for Bally's Chicago casino, which had been approved by Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot . The proposal was approved by the Chicago City Council in December 2022 and the Illinois Gaming Board in September 2023. The temporary casino opened on September 9, 2023. It

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1664-568: The church exemplifying the transculturation found in Spanish architecture. Some other notable examples of Mudejar design in Hispanic America are: Mudejar artisans brought into the Christian kingdoms the elaborate geometric designs found in tilework , brickwork , wood carving , plasterwork , ceramics, and ornamental metals of Al-Andalus. Objects, as well as ceilings and walls, were often decorated with rich and complicated designs, as Mudéjar artists were not only interested in relaying wonder,

1716-422: The context of historic architecture. There was a revival in the late-19th and the early-20th-century Spain and Portugal as Neo-Mudéjar style. Mudéjar was originally the term used for Muslims of Al-Andalus who remained after the Christian reconquest of Muslim controlled territories in the later Middle Ages but were not initially converted to Christianity or exiled. It was a medieval Castilian borrowing of

1768-572: The gothic Manueline style in Portugal, which was very lavish and ornate. Portuguese use of Mudéjar art developed particularly in the 15th and 16th centuries, and structures such as the Palace of the Counts of Basto and the Royal Palace feature characteristic wooden Mudéjar roofs that are also to be found in some churches in towns such as Sintra and Lisbon . Since trade was an essential part of Portugal's culture in

1820-601: The interior followed the same doctrine. The National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo is an example of Pseudo Moorish architectural language using decorations and pointed arches while still integrating other formal elements into the design. Other notable example in the region is the building of the Regional historical museum in Kardzhali , Bulgaria build in the 1920s, combining also Central Asian styles. In

1872-648: The last Muslim stronghold in the peninsula, the Granada , fell to the Christian Castile in 1492, Muslims were forced to choose between becoming Christians or to leave, first in Castile and soon after in Aragon . Those who chose to convert and stay were called Moriscos , and were often suspected of secretly practicing Islam, and were finally expelled from Spain after 1609. What allowed Mudejar culture to survive and flourish in

1924-399: The late 19th and early 20th centuries. It combined modern architecture and materials, including cast iron and glass with Mudéjar art styled arches, tiling, and brickwork. Some Spanish architectural firms have turned their attention to building projects in the modern Arabic-speaking world, specifically Morocco , Algeria , and Eastern Arabia , where Mudéjar art influences are commissioned as

1976-413: The medieval Christian kingdoms depended upon whether the capture by Christians was accomplished through negotiated surrender or military defeat, the ratio of Muslim to Christian populations, the competing interests of the monarchy and the papacy, and economic exigencies. With a balance of these things, Mudejar art was born. As a result of this local variation, the Islamic influences that were absorbed into

2028-478: The mixing of lead and tin for an opaque, shiny white glaze, and mixtures of metal oxides were applied to the glazed and fired surfaces to create lustre decoration. This technique was carried on from the Nasrid period. Typically, artisans would apply a layer of opaque white glaze before the colors. On top of the white, cobalt blue, green copper, and purple manganese oxides were used to make vibrant, shimmering surfaces with

2080-482: The north-eastern Christian Kingdom of Aragon in the 12th century and includes more than a hundred surviving examples, located predominantly in the valleys of the Ebro , Jalón and Jiloca . Its first manifestations have two origins: on the one hand, a palatial architecture linked to the Christian monarchy, which amended and extended the originally Moorish Aljafería Palace and maintained an Islamic ornamental tradition, and on

2132-678: The other hand, a tradition that developed Romanesque architecture using brickwork rather than stone construction and which often displays Hispanic ornamental tracery. Examples of the latter type of Mudéjar elements can be seen in churches in Daroca , which were started in stone and finished off in the 13th century with Mudéjar brick panels. Portugal commissioned fewer Mudéjar decorated buildings, which generally incorporated simpler Mudéjar elements. The Church of Castro de Avelãs in Braganza features classic Mudéjar art brick work. Mudéjar also tended to be applied to

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2184-471: The popularity of Moorish revival architecture among builders of synagogues as a counterpoint to Edward Said 's Orientalism , which criticizes European orientalism as inherently imperialist and racist, since the builders chose the style as an expression of admiration for the culture of the Muslim world. As a consequence, Moorish Revival spread around the globe as a preferred style of synagogue architecture for

2236-429: The re-establishment of Christian rule throughout the formerly Muslim controlled areas of Iberia came the different Mudéjar construction methods for creating a building using inexpensive materials like brick, wood, and stucco. It is generally accepted by scholars that Mudéjar art in architecture first appeared in the northern town of Sahagún in the 12th century Christian Kingdom of León . Mudéjar spread to other parts of

2288-598: The rhythm of Islamic tradition, which plays an important role in chromatics. Mudéjar often makes use of girih geometric strapwork decoration, as used in Middle East architecture, where Maghreb buildings tended to use vegetal arabesques . Scholars have sometimes considered the geometric forms, both girih and the complex vaultings of muqarnas , as innovative, and arabesques as retardataire, but in Al-Andalus, both geometric and vegetal forms were freely used and combined. With

2340-564: The smoking room in particular has notable Moorish revival elements. In 1937, the Corn Palace in Mitchell, South Dakota added unusual minarets and Moorish domes, unusual because the polychrome decorations are made out of corn cobs of various colors assembled like mosaic tiles to create patterns. The 1891 Tampa Bay Hotel , whose minarets and Moorish domes are now the pride of the University of Tampa ,

2392-470: The tiles to be laid closer together with less grout, making the compositions more intricate and cohesive. Ceramics had been a sophisticated art form during the period of Islamic rule in the Iberian Peninsula and Mudéjar style ceramics were built on the techniques developed in the previous centuries of Islamic art. Pottery centers all over Spain - e.g. Paterna , Toledo , Seville - focused on making

2444-469: The underside of the supporting arches, which are carved with a vegetable motif based on the arabesque . San Miguel is a direct inheritor of the Mudéjar and tradition of the expansion and multiplication of an initial pattern. Around the octagonal dome, there are more wooden ceiling panels carved with the same pattern as the church's ceiling. Additionally, the white stucco walls demonstrate the Baroque influence on

2496-564: Was Villa Zorayda in St. Augustine, Florida , built in 1883 by Franklin W. Smith as a winter home and showplace for the Boston businessman and architectural enthusiast. Today it is a museum, open for tourists. In 1893, The Great Saltair was built on the southern shores of The Great Salt Lake , adjacent to Salt Lake City . Under dozens of Moorish domes and lambrequin, polylobed, and keyhole arches, Saltair housed popular clubs, restaurants, bowling alleys,

2548-617: Was a particularly extravagant example of the style. Other schools with Moorish Revival buildings include David H. Zysman Hall at Yeshiva University in New York City. George Washington Smith used the style in his design for the 1920s Isham Beach Estate in Santa Barbara, California . The Shriners , a fraternal organization, often chose a Moorish Revival style for their Temples. Architecturally notable Shriners Temples include: Mud%C3%A9jar style Mudéjar art , or Mudéjar style ,

2600-568: Was a type of ornamentation and decoration used in the Iberian Christian kingdoms, primarily between the 13th and 16th centuries. It was applied to Romanesque , Gothic and Renaissance architectural styles as constructive, ornamental and decorative motifs derived from those that had been brought to or developed in Al-Andalus . These motifs and techniques were also present in the art and crafts , especially Hispano-Moresque lustreware that

2652-517: Was coined and defined by the Spanish art historian José Amador de los Ríos y Serrano in his induction discourse El estilo mudéjar, en arquitectura at the Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in 1859. The Muslims living in the medieval Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula , called Mudejars , were tolerated and could practice their religion with certain restrictions. However, soon after

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2704-405: Was once widely exported across Europe from southern and eastern Spain at the time. The term Mudejar art was coined by the art historian José Amador de los Ríos y Serrano in reference to the Mudéjars , who played a leading role in introducing Islamic derived decorative elements into the Iberian Christian kingdoms. The Mudéjars were the Muslims who remained in the former areas of Al-Andalus after

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