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74-576: The Medieval Institute (also known as the Medieval Institute of Western Michigan University ) is a research and teaching institute in the field of medieval studies associated with Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan . The institute was founded in 1962 and offered the United States's first publicly awarded Master of Arts degree in medieval studies. Presently, the institute organizes

148-503: A royal charter and act of Parliament in 1903, the then newly formed University of Liverpool began the fragmentation of the Victoria University by being the first member to gain independence. The University of Leeds soon followed suit and had been granted a royal charter as an independent body by King Edward VII by 1904. The Victoria University continued after the break-up of the group, with an amended constitution and renamed as

222-518: A royal charter . Owens College was the sole college of Victoria University from 1880 to 1884; in 1887 Yorkshire College was the third to join the university. In 1831, the Leeds School of Medicine was established with the aim of serving the needs of the five medical institutions which had been established in the city. In 1874, the Yorkshire College of Science was created to provide education for

296-616: A Medieval Studies section. Medieval studies is buoyed by a number of annual international conferences which bring together thousands of professional medievalists, including the International Congress on Medieval Studies , at Kalamazoo MI , U.S. , and the International Medieval Congress at the University of Leeds . There are a number of journals devoted to medieval studies, including: Speculum (an organ of

370-408: A general education that was progressive and pragmatic in nature as were the technical colleges of Germany and the ancient universities upon which they were modelled. The Yorkshire College of Science began by teaching experimental physics, mathematics, geology, mining, chemistry and biology, and soon became well known as an international centre for the study of engineering and textile technology (due to

444-619: A history stretching back into the Middle Ages, and that understanding their medieval history was important to understanding their character in the twentieth century. Twentieth-century Medieval Studies were influenced by approaches associated with the rise of social sciences such as economic history and anthropology , epitomised by the influential Annales School . In place of what the Annalistes called histoire événementielle , this work favoured study of large questions over long periods . In

518-577: A million pounds was allocated towards its development. The university has engaged in expansion since 2008, and has spent more than £300 million on new educational, research, residential and leisure facilities with a further £80 million being spent to improve current assets. The programme of this expansion constitutes one of the largest capital investment projects in British higher education. Works of public art on campus range from Eric Gill 's controversial 1923 World War I memorial Christ driving

592-442: A university had for the cities of Liverpool and Manchester whilst the institutions were also unhappy with the practical difficulties posed by maintaining a federal arrangement across broad distances. The interests of the universities and respective cities in creating independent institutions was further spurred by the granting of a charter to the University of Birmingham in 1900 after lobbying from Joseph Chamberlain . Following

666-523: A variety of disciplines including archaeology, art history, architecture, history, literature and linguistics. The Institute of Mediaeval Studies at St. Michael's College of the University of Toronto became the first centre of this type in 1929; it is now the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies (PIMS) and is part of the University of Toronto . It was soon followed by the Medieval Institute at

740-427: Is approximately 1 mile south of the main campus. There are numerous bus routes which serve it. The proposed Leeds Supertram would have run past the campus. The currently proposed Leeds Trolleybus (northern line) will run past the campus, linking it with the city centre, Headingley and Lawnswood . The Leeds Inner Ring Road also lies close to the campus. The University of Leeds Conference Auditorium, located next to

814-603: Is housed in the renovated 19th-century buildings (known as the Maurice Keyworth Building), which used to belong to Leeds Grammar School on the Western side of the University of Leeds campus. The university have also constructed further modern buildings on the business school area of campus known as the Innovation Hub; costing £9.3 million. The building is a three-storey building of 4350 m (gross capacity), with

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888-423: Is located 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Leeds city centre and consists of a mixture of Gothic revival , art deco , brutalist and postmodern buildings, making it one of the most diverse university campuses in the country in terms of building styles and history. It is within walking distance of both the city centre and popular student neighbourhoods Hyde Park , Woodhouse , and Headingley . The main entrance to

962-531: Is one of the largest medical schools in Europe, with over 250 medical students being trained in each of the clinical years and over 1,000 teaching, research, technical and administrative staff. The school has centres of excellence split down into Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics (LIGHT), Leeds Institute of Health Sciences (LIHS), Leeds Institute of Medical Education (LIME) and The Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine (LIMM). In 2010–11 university guides,

1036-552: Is provided via external Cloud Computing and High Performance Computing facilities. In 2023, a total of 31 centrally managed IT study spaces were available for use. The IT Services Research Computing Team support University research communities with platforms and their use, consulting and training . There is a dedicated user facing documentation site with details of the University High Performance Computing facilities and how to use them. Many of

1110-600: The Bretton campus. Activities at Bretton were moved to the main university campus in the summer of 2007 (allowing all Bretton-based students to complete their studies there). There was substantial opposition to the closure by the Bretton students. The university's other satellite site, Manygates in Wakefield , also closed, but Lifelong Learning and Healthcare programmes are continuing on a new site next to Wakefield College . In May 2006,

1184-708: The International Congress on Medieval Studies (an annual academic conference held for scholars specializing in, or with an interest in, medieval studies). Publications authored by the Medieval Institute are released through the Medieval Institute Publications university press imprint . This press, which was founded in 1978 and became a member of the Association of University Presses in 2011, specializes in "archeology, art history, dance, drama, history, literature, music, philosophy, and theology of

1258-753: The Journal of Medieval History . Another part of the infrastructure of the field is the International Medieval Bibliography . The term "Middle Ages" first began to be common in English-language history-writing in the early nineteenth century. Henry Hallam 's 1818 View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages has been seen as a key stage in the promotion of the term, along with Ruskin 's 1853 Lectures on Architecture . The term medievalist was, correspondingly, coined by English-speakers in

1332-429: The Leeds School of Medicine (established 1831) and was renamed Yorkshire College. It became part of the federal Victoria University in 1887, joining Owens College (which became the University of Manchester ) and University College Liverpool (which became the University of Liverpool ). In 1904, a royal charter was granted to the University of Leeds by King Edward VII . Leeds is the eleventh-largest university in

1406-707: The Leeds University Union hosted a live edition of the Channel 4 News , with students, academics and economists expressing their reaction to the Browne Review , an independent review of Higher Education funding and student finance conducted by John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley . University of Leeds Vice-Chancellor and Russell Group chairman Michael Arthur participated, giving an academic perspective alongside current vice-chancellor of Kingston University and former Pro Vice-Chancellor and Professor of Education at

1480-577: The UCAS clearing process for 2010 admission, which matches undersubscribed courses to students who did not meet their firm or insurance choices. The university was one of nine Russell Group universities offering extremely limited places to "exceptional" students after the universities in Birmingham , Bristol , Cambridge , Edinburgh and Oxford declared they would not enter the process due to courses being full to capacity. On 12 October 2010, The Refectory of

1554-461: The University of Notre Dame in Indiana, which was founded in 1946 but whose roots go back to the establishment of a Program of Medieval Studies in 1933. As with many of the early programs at Roman Catholic institutions, it drew its strengths from the revival of medieval scholastic philosophy by such scholars as Étienne Gilson and Jacques Maritain , both of whom made regular visits to the university in

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1628-514: The Victoria University of Manchester (though "Victoria" was usually omitted from its name except in formal usage) until September 2004. On 1 October 2004 a merger with the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology was enacted to form The University of Manchester . In December 2004, financial pressures forced the university's governing body (the Council) to decide to close

1702-569: The top twenty British universities by financial endowment. Notable alumni include current Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Keir Starmer , former Home and Foreign Secretary Jack Straw , former co-chairman of the Conservative Party Sayeeda Warsi , Piers Sellers ( NASA astronaut ) and six Nobel laureates. The university's history is linked to the development of Leeds as an international centre for

1776-599: The 1930s and 1940s. These institutions were preceded in the United Kingdom, in 1927, by the establishment of the idiosyncratic Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic , at the University of Cambridge . Although Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic was limited geographically (to the British Isles and Scandinavia ) and chronologically (mostly the early Middle Ages ), it promoted the interdisciplinarity characteristic of Medieval Studies and many of its graduates were involved in

1850-425: The 1980s onwards medieval studies increasingly responded to intellectual agendas set by postmodern critical theory and cultural studies , with empiricism and philology being challenged by or harnessed to topics like the history of the body . This movement tended to challenge the progressivist account of the Middle Ages as belonging to a continuum of social development that begat modernity and instead to see

1924-530: The Brotherton Collection. It also contains a considerable number of medieval manuscripts. The extensive coin collection consists of 15,000 coins and medals with a wide chronological and geographical spread. The Feminist Archive North Collections are on deposit. These contain a material relating to women from 1969 to the present day. The Stanley and Audrey Burton Gallery, the Treasures Gallery and

1998-833: The English Literature Collections, the Leeds Russian Archive, the Liddle Collection , the Cookery Collection and its Gypsy, Traveller and Roma Collections . The repository contains William Shakespeare 's First Folio Mr. William Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories. & Tragedies published in 1623. Special Collections also holds copies of the second, third and fourth folios. There is a copy of Sir Isaac Newton 's Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica , first published 5 July 1687. Special Collections holds over 300 incunabula most of which are in

2072-512: The European Middle Ages and early modern period". The press currently operates in a partnership with the German academic publishing house De Gruyter . Major book series released by Medieval Institute Publications include the following: Journals published by the press include: Medieval studies The term 'medieval studies' began to be adopted by academics in the opening decades of

2146-538: The Fédération Internationale des Instituts d’Etudes Médiévales (FIDEM) (founded 1987) and Co-operative for Advancement of Research through Medieval European Network (CARMEN). Some notable ones include: University of Leeds The University of Leeds is a public research university in Leeds , West Yorkshire , England. It was established in 1874 as the Yorkshire College of Science. In 1884, it merged with

2220-482: The International Textile Collection are managed by Special Collections. IT Services support the University with a range of services targeted for use by different University communities. University Faculties, Schools and Institutes also provide computing facilities. Collectively these provide computational capability that can be used by staff, students and visitors. Additional computational capability

2294-556: The Leeds campus of the Victoria University had never barred women from its courses. However, it was not until special facilities were provided at the Day Training College in 1896 that women began enrolling in significant numbers. The first female student to begin a course at the university was Lilias Annie Clark, who studied Modern Literature and Education. In 1904 Leeds University wanted to encourage more women students. It decided to pat

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2368-738: The Medieval Academy of America founded in 1925 and based in Cambridge, Massachusetts ), Medium Ævum (the journal of the Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature, founded in 1932), Mediaeval Studies (based in the Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies and founded in 1939), the Bulletin de Philosophie Médiévale , Mediaevalia , Comitatus , Viator , Traditio , Medieval Worlds , and

2442-446: The Middle Ages as an anti-modernist utopia —whether a place nostalgically to fantasise about a more conservative, religious, and hierarchical past or a more egalitarian, beautiful, and innocent one. European study of the medieval past was characterised in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by romantic nationalism , as emergent nation-states sought to legitimise new political formations by claiming that they were rooted in

2516-485: The Middle Ages as radically different from the present. Its recognition that scholars' views are shaped by their own time led to the study of medievalism —the post-medieval use and abuse of the Middle Ages—becoming an integral part of Medieval Studies. In the twenty-first century, globalisation led to arguments that post-war Europeanisation had drawn too tight a boundary around medieval studies, this time at

2590-436: The Middle Ages. In this context, researchers tended to resist the idea that the Middle Ages were distinctively different from modernity. Instead they argued the so-called ' continuity thesis ' that institutions conventionally associated with modernity in Western historiography like nationalism, the emergence of states, colonialism, scientific thought, art for its own sake, or people's conception of themselves as individuals all had

2664-698: The Moneychangers from the Temple in the foyer of the Rupert Beckett Building to Simon Fujiwara 's 2015 9 metres (30 ft) A Spire outside the Laidlaw Library and Liliane Lijn 's 2019 Converse Column at the south east entrance to the campus. The university has a Public Art Strategy developed with the Contemporary Art Society . Gair Wood is located about 5 miles (8.0 km) north of

2738-719: The School of Mineral Engineering, the Brotherton Library and the Parkinson Building which are Grade II listed. In addition to the main campus, there was also a satellite location at Wakefield . Until the 2006–07 academic year, some courses were taught at the Bretton Hall campus in West Bretton . The site closed in summer 2007 after which the courses taught there were relocated to the main campus in Leeds. Leeds railway station

2812-539: The Sports Hall, was once the original West Yorkshire Playhouse . It was refurbished in 2003 to become two lecture theatres; one for 320 and one for 550, making it the largest capacity facility on the university campus. The university's Muslim Prayer Room is located in the Conference Auditorium building and able to accommodate up to 300 people at any one time. The prayer room has undergone refurbishment after half

2886-535: The United Kingdom by total enrollment and receives over 67,000 undergraduate applications per year, making it the fifth-most popular university (behind Manchester , Edinburgh , University College London and King's College London ) in the UK by volume of applications. Leeds had an income of £979.5 million in 2022–23, of which £184.9 million was from research grants and contracts. The university has financial endowments of £83.2 million (2023), placing it within

2960-630: The University of Leeds, Sir Peter Scott . Midway through the broadcast a small group of protesters against the potential rise of student debt entered the building before being restrained and evacuated. In 2016, The University of Leeds became University of the Year 2017 in The Times and The Sunday Times ' Good University Guide. The university has risen to 13th place overall, which reflects impressive results in student experience, high entry standards, services and facilities, and graduate prospects. In 2022,

3034-415: The University of London. Leeds was given its first university in 1887 when the Yorkshire College joined the federal Victoria University on 3 November. The Victoria University had been established by royal charter in 1880; Owens College being at first the only member college. Leeds now found itself in an educational union with close social cousins from Manchester and Liverpool . Unlike Owens College,

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3108-567: The academic departments have specialist research facilities, for use by staff and students to support research from internationally significant collections in university libraries to state-of-the-art laboratories. These include those hosted at the Institute for Transport Studies , such as the University of Leeds Driving Simulator which is one of the most advanced worldwide in a research environment, allowing transport researchers to watch driver behaviour in accurately controlled laboratory conditions without

3182-519: The appeal of interdisciplinarity grew. Accordingly, medieval studies turned increasingly away from producing national histories, towards more complex mosaics of regional approaches that worked towards a European scope, partly correlating with post-War Europeanisation . An example from the apogee of this process was the large European Science Foundation project The Transformation of the Roman World that ran from 1993 to 1998. Amidst this process, from

3256-473: The borders of Europe, with Muslim Iberia and the Orthodox Christian east seen in western European historiography as having an ambivalent relevance to medieval studies. Thus a range of medievalists have begun working on writing global histories of the Middle Ages —while, however, navigating, the risk of imposing Eurocentric terminologies and agendas on the rest of the world. By 2020, this movement

3330-440: The build was £22,000 and was raised partially by public appeal and served as the university library until the opening of the Brotherton Library. The Great Hall is now primarily used for examinations, meetings and graduation ceremonies. In June 2010, post-war buildings at the University of Leeds were recommended by English Heritage to become Grade II listed buildings. The modernist and brutalist buildings being recognised include

3404-447: The campus for visitors by car is on Woodhouse Lane ( A660 ), near the Parkinson Building. The former Woodhouse Cemetery is within the campus, now a landscaped area known as St George's Fields. The Parkinson Building is a grade II listed art deco building and campanile named after the late Frank Parkinson , a major benefactor of the university who oversaw many new build projects from 1936 onwards. These commitments culminating in

3478-401: The children of middle-class industrialists and merchants. Financial support from local industry was crucial in setting up the college and aiding the students. The university continues to recognise these elements of its history; for example, there is still a Clothworkers' Court on campus. The College of Science, modelled on Owens College, Manchester, was established in 1851 as non-sectarian, and

3552-484: The distant past. The most important example of this use of the Middle Ages was the nation-building that surrounded the unification of Germany . Narratives which presented the nations of Europe as modernizing by building on, yet also developing beyond, their medieval heritage, were also important facets underpinning justifications of European colonialism and imperialism during the New Imperialism era. Scholars of

3626-544: The dynamism brought to the field by its embracing of postmodernist thought and the associated rise of neo-medievalism in popular culture . This included centres at King's College London (1988), the University of Bristol (1994), the University of Sydney (1997) and Bangor University (2005), and the merging of the Medieval History and Medieval Language and Literature sections of the British Academy to create

3700-400: The global world ranking of the University of Leeds is 86. There are currently 36,840 students studying at the university. The average tuition fee is £9,250 (~$ 12,000–12,500) per year, although there are cases where there are partial subsidies towards this cost. The university has 1,230 acres (498 ha) of land in total, with the main campus taking up 98 acres (40 ha). The main campus

3774-802: The institute of molecular medicine based at St James's University Hospital which aids integration of research and practice in the medical field. The university also operate research facilities in the aviation field, with the Airbus A320 flight simulator . The simulator was devised with an aim to promote the safety and efficiency of flight operations; where students use the simulator to develop their reactions to critical situations such as engine failure, display malfunctioning and freak weather. In addition to these facilities, many university departments conduct research in their respective fields. There are also various research centres, including Leeds University Centre for African Studies . The Leeds School of Medicine

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3848-738: The largest research libraries in the UK. The main arts and humanities library is the Brotherton Library , located in the Parkinson Building. The main science, social sciences and engineering library is the Edward Boyle Library, located in the centre of the campus. Medicine, dentistry and healthcare students are served by the Health Sciences Library, located in the Worsley Building, and there is an extension of this library at St James's University Hospital . The Laidlaw Library on

3922-567: The late 1960s and early 1970s encouraging interdisciplinary cooperation, centres similar to (and partly inspired by) the Toronto Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies were established in England at University of Reading (1965), at University of Leeds (1967) and the University of York (1968), and in the United States at Fordham University (1971). The 1990s saw a further wave of Medieval-Studies foundations, partly prompted by

3996-548: The later development of Medieval Studies programmes elsewhere in the UK. Around the same time as the first North American Medieval Studies institutions were founded, the UK saw the development of some scholarly societies with a similar remit, including the Oxford Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature (1932) and its offshoot the Manchester Medieval Society (1933). With university expansion in

4070-583: The latter now has the power to award its own degrees. The College of the Resurrection , an Anglican theological college in Mirfield with monastic roots , has, since its inception in 1904, been affiliated to the university, and ties remain close. The university is also a founding member of the Northern Consortium . In August 2010, the university was one of the most targeted institutions by students entering

4144-462: The local community with over 2,000 university student volunteers. With 8,700 staff employed in 2019–20, the university is the third largest employer in Leeds and contributes around £1.23bn a year to the local economy – students add a further £211m through rents and living costs. The university's educational partnerships have included providing formal accreditation of degree awards to Leeds College of Art and Leeds Trinity University College , although

4218-531: The main campus, close to Eccup. It is a 36 hectare site with over 60,000 "regionally appropriate" trees, including oak, hazel, and willow, providing a base for research, teaching, social opportunities and carbon capture. The first tree was planted by Roger Gair, a former University Secretary, in 2022. During the 2022/23 academic year, 36,330 students were enrolled. There were around 560 different first-degree programmes and approximately 300 postgraduate degree programmes in 2009–10. Whilst maintaining its strengths in

4292-522: The main campus, serving the needs of undergraduates, opened in May 2015. It is named after Lord Laidlaw who gave £9,000,000 towards its construction. The university library houses numerous archives, rare books and some objects in its Special Collections ranging from 2,500 BC to the 21st century. Special Collections holds five collections designated as outstanding by the Arts Council England . These are

4366-567: The manufacturing and textile trades being strong in the West Riding ). When classics, modern literature and history went on offer a few years later, the Yorkshire College of Science became simply the Yorkshire College. In 1884, the Yorkshire College absorbed the Leeds School of Medicine and subsequently joined the federal Victoria University (established at Manchester in 1880) on 3 November 1887. Students in this period were awarded external degrees by

4440-516: The medieval era in the United States also used these concepts to justify their westward expansion across the North American continent. These colonialist and imperialist connections meant that medieval studies during the 19th and 20th centuries played a role in the emergence of white supremacism . However, the early twentieth century also saw the increasing professionalisation of research on

4514-400: The mid-nineteenth century. The concept of the Middle Ages was first developed by Renaissance humanists as a means for them to define their own era as new and different from what came before—whether a renewal of Classical Antiquity (the Renaissance ) or what came to be called modernity . This gave nineteenth-century Romantic scholars, in particular, the intellectual freedom to imagine

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4588-425: The newly Grade II* listed Roger Stevens Building, whilst the EC Stoner Building, Computer Science Building, Mathematics/Earth Sciences Building, Senior Common Room, Garstang Building, Irene Manton Building, Communications and Edward Boyle Library (formerly the South Library) and Henry Price Building have been recognised as Grade II listed buildings. These additions join the already listed 1877 Great Hall and Baines Wing,

4662-434: The official opening of The Parkinson Building (to which Parkinson donated £200,000) on 9 November 1951. The tower of the building is a well-known landmark in the city of Leeds and is used in the university logo and as a university symbol. The campanile is the highest point of the building and stands at 57 metres (187 ft) tall, making it the 17th tallest building in the city of Leeds. The Leeds University Business School

4736-425: The risks associated with a live, physical environment. With extensive links to the St James's University Hospital through the Leeds School of Medicine, the university operates a range of high-tech research laboratories for biomedical and physical sciences, food and engineering – including clean rooms for bionanotechnology and plant science greenhouses. The university is connected to Leeds General Infirmary and

4810-422: The textile industry and clothing manufacture in the United Kingdom during the Victorian era . The university's roots can be traced back to the formation of schools of medicine in English cities to serve the general public. The Victoria University was established in Manchester in 1880 as a federal university in the North of England , instead of the government elevating Owens College to a university and grant it

4884-438: The third floor accommodating the Innovation Hub. The Roger Stevens building, built in 1970, is one of the most iconic structures on campus, and is primarily utilised for lectures. The university's Great Hall building is one of the most prominent buildings on campus alongside the Parkinson Building and the numerous brutalist buildings which are Grade II listed. The Great Hall was built on a site of Beech Grove Hall Estate which

4958-502: The traditional subjects (for example more students studying languages and physical sciences than anywhere else in the UK), Leeds has also developed expertise in more distinctive and rare specialist areas such as Colour Chemistry, Fire Science, Nanotechnology and Aviation Technology with Pilot studies. The university library is spread over five locations, and holds, in total, 2.78 million books, 26,000 print and electronic journals, 850 databases and 6,000 electronic books: making it one of

5032-444: The twentieth century, initially in the titles of books like G. G. Coulton 's Ten Medieval Studies (1906), to emphasize a more interdisciplinary approach to a historical subject. A major step in institutionalising this field was the foundation of the Mediaeval (now Medieval) Academy of America in 1925. In American and European universities the term medieval studies provided a coherent identity to centres composed of academics from

5106-508: The university began re-branding itself to consolidate its visual identity to promote one consistent image. A new logo was produced, based on that used during the centenary celebrations in 2004, to replace the combined use of the modified university arms and the Parkinson Building , which has been in use since 2004. The university arms will still be used in its original form for ceremonial purposes only. Four university colours were also specified as being green, red, black and beige. Leeds provides

5180-408: The unprecedented salary of £400 per annum to Hannah Robertson who took on a double role of "Mistress of Method" in the Education department and as the Tutor of Women. The Victoria (Leeds) University was a short-lived concept, as the multiple university locations in Manchester and Liverpool were keen to establish themselves as separate, independent universities. This was partially due to the benefits

5254-560: The wake of the Second World War , the role of medievalism in European nationalism led to greatly diminished enthusiasm for medieval studies within the academy—though nationalist deployments of the Middle Ages still existed and remained powerful. The proportion of medievalists in history and language departments fell, encouraging staff to collaborate across different departments; state funding of and university support for archaeology expanded, bringing new evidence but also new methods, disciplinary perspectives, and research questions forward; and

5328-512: Was being characterised as the 'global turn' in Medieval Studies. Correspondingly, the UCLA Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, founded in 1963, changed its name in 2021 to UCLA Center for Early Global Studies. Many Centres / Centers for Medieval Studies exist, usually as part of a university or other research and teaching facility. Umberella organisations for these bodies include

5402-463: Was open to Protestant Dissenters , Catholics and Jews (though not then to women) since Oxford and Cambridge restricted attendance to members only of the Church of England . University College London was non-sectarian. The religious qualification ceased in the 1850s but the classics-based education continued at Oxford and Cambridge. The Northern colleges continued to promote themselves as offering

5476-584: Was purchased in 1879 by the then Yorkshire College when joining the Victoria University . This was later demolished in 1884, to become the site of the Clothworkers buildings of the Baines Memorial Wing and the Great Hall. The buildings were designed by the renowned Victorian architect Alfred Waterhouse R.A in red pressed brick and had dressings of Bolton Wood stone in a Gothic Collegiate style. The cost of

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