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104-504: The city of Medellín and its urban complex (ten cities in the Aburrá Valley ) had a period of relatively recent industrial development that started in the 1930s. The streetcar ( tranvía ) at the beginning of the 20th century can be considered a predecessor of the current Medellín Metro. The company known in Spanish as Empresa de Transporte Masivo del Valle de Aburrá - Metro de Medellín Ltda

208-946: A certain autonomy: the Olaya Herrera Airport , the Public Library ( Biblioteca Pública Piloto ), the College of Antioquia ( Colegio Mayor ), the Urban Development Enterprise (EDU), the Public Service Enterprise (EPM), the Sport and Recreation Institute (INDER), the General Enterprises of Medellín (EEVVM), the Medellín Bus stations, the General Hospital of Medellín, the health service enterprise "Metrosalud",

312-558: A colonial law ordered the separation of Amerindians from mestizos and mulattos , so the colonial administration began the construction of a new town in Aná, today Berrío Park , where the church of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Aná ("Our Lady of Candelaria of Aná") was built. Three years later, the Spaniards started the construction of the Basilica of Our Lady of Candelaria , which was rebuilt at

416-651: A labor union, which hampered its international growth for many years, a new formal name was chosen. It is represented by David Bojanini, head of Grupo Suramericana (a banking, asset management and insurance conglomerate); Carlos Ignacio Gallego of Grupo Nutresa (food industry); José Alberto Velez of Cementos Argos (a multinational cement company); and Carlos Raúl Yepes, head of Bancolombia . This group has an aggregate market capitalization of approximately US$ 17 billion and employs more than 80,000 Colombians. Bello, Antioquia ・Artist's City Bello ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbeʎo] , [ˈbeʝo] )

520-408: A municipality, Medellín has an area of 382 km (147 sq mi). Medellín features a trade-wind tropical rainforest climate ( Af ), albeit a cooler version of this climate that borders closely on a tropical monsoon climate ( Am ), as well as having characteristics of a tropical highland climate ( Cfb ). Since Medellín is located at 1,495 m (4,900 ft) above sea level , its climate

624-475: A new era of political instability with the murder of presidential candidate Jorge Eliecer Gaitán in Bogotá in 1948. Political violence spread in the rural areas of Colombia, and farmers fled to the cities. The Valley slopes became overpopulated with slums. As the population of Medellín grew quickly during the 1950s, industrialists, traders and local government created the "Medellín Master Plan" (MMP) ( Plan Piloto ),

728-679: A plan for the expansion of the city into the Aburrá Valley that would lead to the creation of the first metropolitan area in Colombia. Paul Lester Wiener and José Luis Sert were the architects who led the project. Among the main features of the MMP were the canalization of the Medellín River , the control of new settlements on valley slopes, the creation of an industrial zone in the Guayabal District,

832-602: A rate of 23 per 100,000 inhabitants. In the city there are more than 1,100 security cameras and more than 7,000 policemen. Medellín is Colombia's second most important economic center, after Bogotá . Its economy is led by a powerful group of people from the private sector known as the Grupo Empresarial Antioqueño (Antioquian Enterprises Group). The group was formerly known as the Sindicato Antioqueño (Antioquian Union) but after being mistaken abroad for

936-554: A smaller proportion are also strata 4 (middle) and 5 (medium-high) with 4.3% and 0.1% respectively, which are mainly rustic houses located on the sidewalks of the municipality. According to figures from the DANE 2005 census, the ethnographic composition of the municipality is: Bello is governed by a democratic system based on administrative decentralization processes generated by the Political Constitution of Colombia, 1991. The city

1040-567: A symbol of the city (it was the first, and still the only, rail-based Metro system in Colombia) which encouraged tourism and new business growth in areas of the city. There were visitors first from other regions and cities of Colombia and afterwards from abroad. Importantly, the metro bridged previously disparate poor urban and wealthy urban areas. The Metro passes through districts with widely varied socio-economic compositions. For example, it passes through both "Lovaina" and "Poblado". Commuters also saw

1144-513: A term of four years. The council is the legislative body and makes binding agreements within its territorial jurisdiction. Its functions include approving projects from the mayor, issuing the organic standards of the budget and issuing the annual revenues and expenditures budget. To manage the municipality, the Mayor has 14 ministries: The urban Bello area is divided into 12 communes. These are subdivided into neighborhoods, totaling 82. In rural areas there

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1248-521: A transport system. The position of Medellín as an industrial city in Antioquia has been the main factor in overcoming its crisis of the 1980s and 1990s. The Medellín Metro , a massive urban transport service, became the pride of the city. The construction of the Plaza Mayor of Medellín , an international center for congresses and expositions, was designed to showcase the globalized economy of Colombia to

1352-620: A variety of AM and FM stations, with both local and national coverage, most of which are managed by Caracol Radio or RCN Radio , although there are other independent stations such as Todelar and Super. In Bello and the rest of Antioquia there are two major newspapers in circulation: El Colombiano and El Mundo , both with a long history at the regional level. Also circulating are the El Tiempo and El Espectador newspapers, both with national circulation. Bello has an infrastructure of 4 hospitals, 1 clinic, four health centers and one health post in

1456-491: A vast improvement in transit times. Previously, workers from Bello spent two hours by bus travelling to Envigado . With the Metro, travel times between those two cities was shortened to just 30 minutes. The Medellín Metro currently comprises two lines: Line A , which is 25.8 kilometres (16.0 mi) long and serves 21 stations, and Line B , which is 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) long and serves 6 stations (plus San Antonio station,

1560-523: Is a city and municipality in Antioquia Department , Colombia and a suburb of Medellín , the department capital. Bello is part of the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley in the department of Antioquia. It is bordered on the north by the municipality of San Pedro de los Milagros, on the east by the municipality of Copacabana , on the south by the municipality of Medellín and on the west by

1664-738: Is a city governed by a republican democratic system as stated in the Colombian Constitution of 1991 , with decentralized government. Administration is shared by the Mayor of Medellín and the Municipal Council, both elected by popular vote. The municipality is made up of official departments ( secretarías ) including departments for social mobility, urban culture, social development, education, evaluation and control, government, resources, public works, administrative services, environment, women, and transportation. There are also many departments with

1768-510: Is a township and 15 hamlets. In the 2011 local elections, blank ballots won. Un-marked votes, invalid votes and blank votes increased to 56.7% from 43.3%, for the only candidate represented. As a result of this the elections had to be repeated in less than a month. The communes are: The Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley is an administrative political entity which is based throughout the Aburrá Valley at an average altitude of about 1,538 meters. The area consists of 10 municipalities, and

1872-478: Is constant year-round, with minimal temperature variations. Temperatures range from 17 to 28 °C (63 to 82 °F). Because of the former pleasant springlike climate all year, Medellín was known as "La Ciudad de la Eterna Primavera" or "City of the Eternal Spring". The city is located in a valley and many of its districts are on slopes; temperatures can be slightly cooler on the surrounding mountains. Medellín

1976-470: Is crossed from south to north by the Medellín River which, being born to its south in the town of Caldas, it takes on the name of Rio Porce in the north, in the municipality of Barbosa. It was the first metropolitan area to be established in Colombia in 1980 and is the second largest metropolitan area in the country in population after the Capital District of Bogotá. The total population, which includes

2080-405: Is governed by a mayor (executive power) and a Municipal Council (legislative power). The Mayor of Bello is the head of government and of the municipal administration, representing the municipality legally, judicially and extrajudicially. It is a position elected by popular vote for a four-year period. The current mayor is Carlos Alirio Munoz Lopez. The main functions of the Mayor are to administer

2184-460: Is not as hot as other cities located at the same latitude near the equator. Because of its altitude above sea level and privileged location in the Andes Range, Medellín's weather at times is more characteristic of a humid subtropical climate than that of a tropical climate . The city's average annual temperature is 23 °C (73 °F), and because of its proximity to the equator, its temperature

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2288-633: The Medellín rivers; others lived in El Poblado San Lorenzo. After the royal edict, the settlers chose the Aná site as the heart of the future city, with the Candelaria Church at its center. Their first buildings were simple, with thatched roofs. The houses of the most important people were two stories tall, and the church and the Cabildo were unimpressive. It was only during the 18th century that

2392-608: The Overseas Development Institute have lauded the city as a pioneer of a post- Washington Consensus " local development state " model of economic development. The city is promoted internationally as a tourist destination and is considered a global city type "Gamma +" by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . The Medellín Metropolitan Area produces 67% of the Department of Antioquia 's GDP and 11% of

2496-564: The Special District of Science, Technology and Innovation of Medellín ( Spanish : Distrito Especial de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Medellín ), is the second-largest city in Colombia after Bogotá , and the capital of the department of Antioquia . It is located in the Aburrá Valley , a central region of the Andes Mountains , in northwestern South America. The city's population

2600-589: The economy of Colombia . Medellín is important to the region for its universities, academies, commerce, industry, science, health services, flower-growing, and festivals. In February 2013, the Urban Land Institute chose Medellín as the most innovative city in the world due to its recent advances in politics, education, and social development. In the same year, Medellín won the Veronica Rudge Urbanism Award conferred by Harvard University to

2704-622: The queen consort Mariana of Austria founded the "Town of Our Lady of Candelaria of Medellín" ( Villa de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Medellín ) in the Aná region, which today corresponds to the center of the city (east-central zone) and first describes the region as "Medellín". In 1826, the city was named the capital of the Department of Antioquia by the National Congress of the nascent Republic of Gran Colombia , comprising present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama. After Colombia won its independence from Spain, Medellín became

2808-611: The 19th century, became a center for intellectual and industrialist movements, like Club Union (founded in 1894) and Club Campestre (founded in 1924). In 1909, the Circo España was created, and Bolívar Theater in 1919. The art nouveau Junín Theater was demolished to build the Coltejer Tower , now the tallest building in the city. Cine Colombia, the first movie distributor of the country, was founded in Medellín in 1927. Colombia entered

2912-509: The AUC was completed, with more than 3,000 armed men giving up their weapons. After the disbanding of the main paramilitary groups, some members briefly reorganized into criminal bands known commonly as Aguilas Negras ("Black Eagles"). These groups gained notoriety in Medellín for having called for curfews for the underage population, and having distributed fliers announcing the social cleansing of prostitutes, drug addicts , and alcoholics . In 2008

3016-473: The Aburrá valley at an elevation of 1,500 meters (4,900 feet) above sea level and is bisected by the Medellín River (also called Porce), which flows northward. North of the valley are the towns of Bello , Copacabana , Girardota , and Barbosa . To the south of the valley lie Itagüí , Envigado , Sabaneta , La Estrella , and Caldas . The weather in Medellín is warm year-round with few temperature extremes. As

3120-428: The Antioquia capital of Medellin , despite its proximity. Base year 1964 According to figures from the 2005 DANE census, Bello has 371,973 inhabitants. It is the second largest city in the metropolitan area of the Aburrá Valley, altogether totaling 3,312,165 people. The municipality has a population density of about 2496 per square kilometer. 47.1% of the population are male and 52.9% are female. The literacy rate in

3224-562: The Bogotá Telecommunications Enterprise ( ETB ), Telmex and Telecom (from Telefónica). There are three mobile operators all with nationwide coverage and GSM technology, Claro, Movistar (Telefónica) and Tigo of ETB, EPM and Luxembourg's Millicom International Telecommunications. The Avantel company also operates in the municipality, offering trunking service, which is done by means of a hybrid cellular and radio. The city has several channels of broadcast television,

Medellín Metro - Misplaced Pages Continue

3328-577: The La Aurora district. This new line benefits approximately 150,000 new users. A new Metrocable line (line L) was inaugurated in 2009 with a transfer station at Santo Domingo Savio Station. This line continues further uphill to El Tambo in Arví park near Guarne . The reason for constructing this line is because the city wants to promote tourism in the rural area near Lake Guarne. It takes 14 minutes to ascend to El Tambo and there are no intermediate stations . Line A

3432-469: The MMP, so that Medellín now reached the urban areas of other cities of the Aburrá Valley, like Envigado , Bello and Itagüí ; the new Medellín settlers were poor families without enough credit to buy their own homes, so several neighborhoods were built beyond the MMP; several old downtown buildings were demolished to construct tall towers, offices, and avenues. In 1968 the Second Conference of CELAM

3536-597: The Machine (1988). Arts and literature have been an important social element in Medellín. The University of Antioquia , the National University of Colombia with its Medellín branch, and the Pontifical Bolivarian University have historically been the academic centers of the city and are responsible for the formation of an intellectual class in the region. During the first part of the 20th century,

3640-1274: The Medellín network, all listed in the following table; for a total of approx. 79 stations (14 stops); transfer stations are in bold, and the transfer station between Metro Lines A and B is shown in bold-italic: North to South 25.8 km (16.0 mi) 21 stations Line B Center to West 5.5 km (3.4 mi) 7 stations Line K North to Northeast 2.07 km (1.29 mi) 4 stations Line J West to North 2.7 km (1.7 mi) 4 stations Line L Northeast to far Northeast 4.8 km (3.0 mi) 2 stations Line H East to far Northeast 1.4 km (0.87 mi) 3 stations Line M East to Northeast 1.05 km (0.65 mi) 3 stations Line P West to Northwest 2.7 km (1.7 mi) 4 stations Line 1 West to Northeast 12.5 km (7.8 mi) 20 stations Line 2 West to Northeast 13.5 km (8.4 mi) 20 stations + 1 stops 64 feeder buses (electric) Line O 9 km (5.6 mi) 14 stops Line T Center to East 4.2 km (2.6 mi) 3 stations + 6 stops 26 stops 42 bus stops 498 gondolas 31 articulated buses 111 feeding buses 12 trams On 7 August 2004,

3744-620: The Metropolitan Institute of Technology (ITM), the Metro de Medellín , the department for the Administration of the Medellín parks (Metroparques) and Metroseguridad. The municipality is divided into six zones: The urban zone, which is subdivided into 16 comunas (communes). The communes are further divided into 249 statistical neighborhoods. The remaining zones outside the urban zones comprise five corregimientos (townships). Further,

3848-689: The Rosary (1720), Our Lady of Sopetrán (in Madera, 1775) and Our Lady of Guadalupe (in Fontidueño, 1761). Later these temples were moved or demolished, as happened with the Hatoviejo Parish Church of Our Lady of the Rosary, demolished in 1788 in order to build the Chapel of Hatoviejo in 1792, which still stands. At the end of the eighteenth century, in 1788, Hatoviejo was elevated to the status of party, assigned to

3952-601: The US cities of Baltimore, St. Louis, Detroit and New Orleans, which appear in the CCSPJP's top 50 list. As the home of the Medellín Cartel funded by Pablo Escobar , the city was a victim of the terror caused by the war between the organization headed by Escobar, and competing organizations such as "El Cartel del Valle". However, after the death of Escobar in December 1993, crime rates in

4056-590: The Urban Development Enterprise, mainly due to the North-Western Integral Development Project in the city. Medellín hosted UN-Habitat's 7th World Urban Forum in 2014. In 2016, the city won the Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize. The award seeks to recognize and celebrate efforts in furthering innovation in urban solutions and sustainable urban development. The valley and its Spanish settlement have gone by several names over

4160-537: The Valley of Aburrá. The climate is warm and is affected by gentle winds throughout the year. The city has a total area of 142.36 km of which 19.7 km are urban land and 122.66 km is rural land. This valley is fully urbanized in the plains, and very busy on its slopes. In the valley it is crossed by the Medellín River, which runs south–north, and its 57 streams throughout its 70 kilometers. Topographically

4264-566: The Year due to a great advancement in public transportation, with more than 500,000 residents and visitors using its Metro train system each day; a public bike-share program; new facilities and landmarks, including the España Library and a cultural center in Moravia; a large outdoor escalator the size of a 28-story building, enabling residents of the city's elevated Comuna 13 neighborhood to safely ride down

Medellín Metro - Misplaced Pages Continue

4368-682: The administration and operation of the Metro system. It was founded with the association of the Medellín Municipality and the Antioquia Government. In 1979, research on economic and technical possibilities began, performed by the company Mott, Hay and Anderson Ltd . In 1980 the project was presented to the National Government, and in 1982 it was approved by the National Council of Economic and Social Policies. It also gave

4472-527: The area receives trade winds that blow from the lower valleys of the Cauca river to the west and the Magdalena river to the east and middle, creating a dense layer of warm air, which causes the lower part of the town and some surrounding areas to increase in humidity and increase barometric temperature. As a result of the wind, northern municipalities such as Bello, Copacabana , Girardota and Barbosa are warmer than

4576-623: The capital of the Federal State of Antioquia until 1888, with the proclamation of the Colombian Constitution of 1886 . During the 19th century, Medellín was a dynamic commercial center, first exporting gold, then producing and exporting coffee. Towards the end of the 20th century and into the beginning of the 21st, the city regained industrial dynamism, with the construction of the Medellín Metro commuter rail, liberalized development policies and improvement in security and education. Researchers at

4680-440: The center. From 2010 and 2011, homicides have declined as with crime in general, but there remains a high crime rate in the poorest communities. 3.2 percent of street addresses account for 97 percent of homicides. More than half of the violent deaths are attributed to clashes between criminal gangs in certain parts of the city. In 1991 there were 7,273 murders at a rate of 266 per 100,000 people; in 2017 had suffered 577 murders at

4784-540: The church was improved. Only one story, the Cabildo was located at the western part of the plaza. It had a thatched roof until 1742 when tiles were put on. In 1682, traders and foreigners started the construction of the Veracruz Hermitage , which was consecrated as a church by the Bishop of Popayán in 1712. In 1675, the first census during colonial times was taken: there were 3,000 people and 280 families. Another census

4888-557: The city administration, Medellín Solidaria represents an improvement on Colombia's national program, 'Familias en Accion' (Families in Action). The city administration is further responsible for coordinating more than 100 other social programs. Under the Cultura E program, the city administration has established a network of 14 publicly funded business support centers known as CEDEZO, Centros de Desarrollo Empresarial Zonal). The CEDEZOs are found in

4992-511: The city have decreased dramatically. Throughout the rest of the 1990s crime rates remained relatively high, although gradually declining from the worst years. In October 2002, President Álvaro Uribe ordered the military to carry out "Operation Orion", the objective of which was to disband the urban militias of the FARC and the AUC . Between 2003 and 2006 the demobilization of the remaining urban militias of

5096-584: The city inaugurated a new line known as "Metro Cable" (Line K). The line starts in the Acevedo Station and goes to the up hill district of Santo Domingo Savio. This important addition integrated new additions to the city that since the 1960s that previously were not considered part of the "real city". On 3 March 2008, a second "Metro Cable" line (Line J) was inaugurated. The line starts in the San Javier Station and goes through Juan XXIII and Vallejuelos to

5200-437: The city was part of the literary transition from romanticism to the modern art and literary movements of the new century. The writer Tomás Carrasquilla (1858–1940) focused on the people of his native Antioquia, portraying their daily lives and customs. The writer and philosopher Fernando González from Envigado (in the metropolitan area of Medellín), the cartoonist Ricardo Rendón , and the poet León de Greiff were some of

5304-490: The city's ownership of the main energy supplier, Empresas Publicas de Medellín (EPM); 30% of its profits go directly to the city's administrative budget. In addition to infrastructure projects, the city administration has developed a program of cash grants called 'the Medellín Solidaria' program that is very similar to Brazil 's highly successful Bolsa Familia and also the city runs the Cultura E program. According to

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5408-618: The college moved to a new building in the small San Ignacio square. In 1821 it was renamed Colegio de Antioquia, and it became the University of Antioquia in 1901. The university also had the first vocational training school, the first cultural radio station in Latin America, and the first regional botanical garden . In the first half of the twentieth century, the population of Medellín increased sixfold, from 59,815 inhabitants in 1905 to 358,189 in 1951. The Thousand Days War (1899–1902) stopped

5512-495: The colonizers exercised their chivalry, understood as "that noble philosophy that reacted against innovations." Thus they endowed their farms with chapels to signify prestige and noble origin and so it can be inferred that in Bello the colony was not given a foundation that "involve a regular pattern of squares and streets. Hatoviejo was not a village as it was in the beginning the town of Candelaria." The chapels that were constructed were Our Lady of Chiquinquirá (in 1653) Our Lady of

5616-437: The company an external contract of 100% of the required resources for the work. In 1984 the company subcontracted German and Spanish firms. On 30 November 1995, 11:00 (local time), the first journey between Niquía and Poblado Stations began. The first phase of the metro network was completed in 1996. The citizens soon welcomed the new service, and the social and cultural impact was significant. The Medellín Metro soon became

5720-504: The conquest. He was awarded the territories from the hill or "Asientos viejos de Aburrá" – an area which is now occupied by the Medellin town center – down, including the Niquía territory. In 1576, the captain of Rodas came to exercise control over the area from the Spanish Crown, permitting the use of the territory for corrals, ranches and flocks. From 1613 onward, the area began to be called Hatoviejo instead of Hato de Rodas or Hato de Aburrá to distinguish it from later herds. In this context

5824-520: The difficult geography of one of the most mountainous regions of South America, notably with the La Quiebra Tunnel , which connected the industrial center to the Magdalena River , the most major navigable river in Colombia. In 1932 Medellín also built its first airport, the Enrique Olaya Herrera Airport . The study by Charles H. Savage on industrial production in Antioquia between 1960 and 1972 showed how important Medellín industries became to Colombia and South America. He studied social change produced by

5928-450: The early development of Medellín, the export of coffee contributed the most impetus in the 20th century for the city's growth. Trade grew to international dimensions as the main export of Colombia became coffee . The industrial and commercial dynamism of Medellín also created a caste of traders and entrepreneurs, who founded the first nationwide industries in Colombia. Coltejer is one of the most important textile companies in Colombia. It

6032-405: The edict creating the Cabildo on November 22, 1674. The governor Miguel de Aguinaga proclaimed the royal edict on 2 November 1675. The new city was given the title of Villa de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria . Before the creation of the town, the inhabitants were scattered throughout the valley, with only a few families concentrated at the confluence of the Aná (today called the Santa Elena ) and

6136-410: The end of the 18th century. After 1574, with Gaspar de Rodas settled in the valley, the population started to grow. According to the church records of the San Lorenzo Church, six couples married between 1646 and 1650, and 41 between 1671 and 1675. Gold mines were developed northeast of Antioquia, thus they needed food supply from nearby agriculture. The Aburrá Valley was in a strategic position between

6240-469: The exploitation of sand pits and quarries. The rural areas are devoted to agriculture and livestock on a small scale. Both industry and trade have been contributing to economic activities in the town as a result of their contribution to and participation in economic growth. The economic activity of the municipality of Bello is represented in the following sectors according to their levels of participation: Industrial activity Commercial activity In

6344-400: The extradition of paramilitary leader Don Berna caused a brief spark in crime wave and increase in killings. There is a significant disparity in crime rates by neighborhoods, with virtually no homicides in El Poblado and Conquistadores and higher crime rates in the south west, around the airport and the north of the city. Generally, crime rates increase the further the neighborhood is from

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6448-405: The founders of Los Panidas , a Medellín literary movement. Other featured poets and writers were Porfirio Barba-Jacob and Efe Gómez . In painting, the most famous were Eladio Vélez and Pedro Nel Gómez . Carlos Vieco Ortiz was a popular composer and musician. Medellín became the headquarters of record labels like Sonolux, Ondina, and Silver. Medellín clubs, many of them dating to the end of

6552-502: The gold mines and the first provincial capital of Antioquia, Santa Fe de Antioquia . The provincial capital, Santa Fe, started to lose importance and gradually became poor, as trade and prominent personalities of the region came to the Aburrá Valley, where rich families started to buy land. Soon, the first settlers asked for the creation of a Cabildo (council) in the valley, thus getting a separate government from Santa Fe. The Santa Fe government fought this, but Mariana of Austria signed

6656-412: The industrial development of the city, although the civil war did not affect the region directly. Under reforms by President Rafael Reyes after the conflict, the city continued its industrial development and founded a Chamber of commerce . The Chamber developed a regional transport project that connected Medellín to other Colombian regions and other nations. Despite the importance of gold production in

6760-432: The introduction of new technology. Savage looked at three factories in Antioquia: two potteries in Santuario and La Blanca , and a tailoring factory in Medellín. Savage studied the production of the Antioquian factories, and the relationship between the workers and their employers, an industrial efficiency which he called the "Culture of Work". His conclusions were published by his colleague George F. Lombardi as Sons of

6864-406: The jurisdiction of the town of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria in Medellin . In Hatoviejo the land was organized according to the economic role of its people. The reference to "Calle arriba" (Up the road) and "Calle Abajo," (down the road) was common. The square and the Church of the Rosary were used as the central point. On 28 December 1883 the "Ciudadano Presidente " of the Antioquia State renamed

6968-428: The local chief-men. In 1574, Gaspar de Rodas asked the Antioquia's Cabildo for 10 square kilometers (4 sq mi) of land to establish herds and a ranch in the valley. The Cabildo granted him 8 square kilometers (3 sq mi) of land. In 1616, the colonial visitor Francisco de Herrera y Campuzano founded a settlement with 80 Amerindians, naming it Poblado de San Lorenzo , today " El Poblado ". In 1646

7072-431: The local economy with new micro-enterprises. However, several mayoral candidates for the October 2011 elections have argued the Banco de las Opportunidades's interest rates are too high, loan maturity is too short and it should have grace periods . They, therefore, suggest a new small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) development bank to complement the Banco de las Opportunidades. Medellín used to be considered one of

7176-620: The manufacturer MAN , however, in 2009, the Medellín Metro signed a contract with Spanish manufacturer CAF for 12 three-car train sets that were delivered between that year and 2011. In 2017, the Medellín Metro purchased another set of 26 CAF trains to complement their fleet, with 38 CAF trains in total, and 80 trains with both the MAN and CAF fleet. [REDACTED] Medell%C3%ADn Medellín ( / ˌ m ɛ d ə ˈ l iː n / MED -ə- LEEN / ˌ m ɛ d eɪ ˈ ( j ) iː n / MED -ay- (Y)EEN ; Spanish: [meðeˈʝin] or [meðeˈʎin] ), officially

7280-407: The most dangerous cities in the world, a result of an urban war set off by the drug cartels at the end of the 1980s. However, its homicide rate has decreased by 95% and extreme poverty by 66%, thanks in part to a string of innovative mayors who laid out plans to integrate the poorest and most violent hillside neighborhoods into the city center in the valley below. Medellín is now considered safer than

7384-426: The most important cities of Colombia and South America. The city's speedy urban growth, especially since the 1960s, has filled the entire Aburrá Valley and made towns touch its borders: Bello , Copacabana , Girardota , Barbosa , Envigado , Itagüí , San Antonio de Prado, La Estrella , Sabaneta and Caldas , among others. With the growth of the city placing Medellín among the most economically important cities in

7488-705: The municipalities of Medellín and San Jerónimo . It is the center of the development in the north of the Aburrá Valley ( Spanish : Valle de Aburrá ), and as a member of the Metropolitan Area of Aburrá Valley , or AMVA (Spanish: Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá ), some public services are regulated for the Metropolitan Area . There are several nicknames for the municipality: Imperio del Cacique Niquia (Cacique Niquia's Empire), Cuna de Marco Fidel Suárez (" Marco Fidel Suárez 's cradle"), "Ciudad de los artistas" ("Artist's city"). Meaning "Beautiful" in English, Bello

7592-550: The municipality belongs to the Medellín Metropolitan Area , which is made up of ten neighboring municipalities. The government of the city of Medellín is divided into executive and legislative branches. The mayor of the city (Alcalde) is publicly elected for a term of four years (just like the president and the governor of any other department in Colombia). Low tax rates mean Medellín's city administration's social and economic development policies have been funded by

7696-587: The name of his town, Medellín in Extremadura, to the new settlement in America. His request was accepted on November 22, 1674, when the Regent Mariana of Austria proclaimed the city's name to be Villa de Nuestra Señora de Medellín . Miguel Aguinaga y Mendiogoitia, Governor, made the name official on November 2, 1675. The Crown granted a coat of arms to the city on June 24, 1676. In August 1541, Marshal Jorge Robledo

7800-407: The nation, local leaders were compelled to view the city as a complex, urban system comparable to other industrialized cities in the world, rather than as a provincial town. In the same sense, Medellín and its Metropolitan Area had to face the appearance of cartels during the 1970s, which produced serious problems of urban violence exacerbated by speedy urban growth and slow answers to the needs of

7904-485: The planning of the city to be in harmony with the river, the construction of a city stadium, and an administrative center in La Alpujarra . Little of the plan was actually done. In 1951 the city had 358,189 inhabitants, but 22 years later, in 1973, the population had tripled to 1,071,252. The population explosion had several consequences for the MMP. The urban limits of the city grew to areas that were not contemplated in

8008-519: The poorest areas of Medellín and support the poor in developing business by providing free-of-charge business support services and technical advice. Also, as part of Cultura E, there is Banco de las Opportunidades that provides microloans (up to $ 2,500 at a cheap interest rate of 0.91% monthly). This has helped create more equal opportunities for all and overcome the barriers to entry to business for poor entrepreneurs with good ideas, but lacking capital, skills and connections. It has also helped develop

8112-514: The population over 5 years of age is 92.9%. Public services have high coverage, since 96.9% of households have electricity service, 96.4% have water service and 91.4% have telephone communication. According to figures from the Government of Antioquia based on the 2004 Quality of Life Survey, the prevailing socioeconomic strata in the municipality is 2 (low) with 39.3%, followed by the strata 3 (medium-low) at 36.1% then strata 1 (low-high) with 20.2%. In

8216-518: The resources of the municipality, to provide for the welfare and interests of his fellow citizens and to represent them before the Federal Government. He should also promote local policies to improve the quality of life, such as health programs, housing, education and road infrastructure; equally, he maintains public order. The Municipal Council of Bello is a popularly elected public corporation, composed of 19 democratically elected councillors, for

8320-555: The rest of the country (especially with Bogotá , Cali and the Colombian Caribbean Littoral). Although the famous Antioquia Railway came to a decline and is now only remembered by the so-called towns of the train , an urban railway system received the attention of the region. In the same way Antioquia's Railways had a century ago, the Medellín Metro became an important social, cultural and development axis in one of

8424-603: The rural area. In addition to private health service, public health services are run by the Health Secretariat. Bello has 111 educational institutions, of which 41 are public and 70 are private. Over 84,002 students are educated in these institutions, of which 48,086 are within the public sector and 35,916 within the private sector. Throughout the metropolitan area there is a wide number of higher education institutions. There are four such institutions located within Bello's territory:

8528-519: The steep hillside; and a Metro system which reduces Medellín's CO 2 emissions by 175,000 tons each year. Medellín has the biggest research-dedicated building in Colombia, called University Research Building ( Spanish : Sede de Investigación Universitaria, SIU ), a facility that concentrates the top research groups of the University of Antioquia . Medellín has 16 comunas (districts), 5 corregimientos (townships), and 271 barrios (neighborhoods). The metropolitan area of Medellín lies within

8632-499: The surrounding communities. The city grew due to big waves of migrants coming from the Colombian countryside looking for refuge from internal political conflict. This background explains why the young city would face urban violence with the same intensity as large metropolitan areas such as New York City , Mexico City or Rio de Janeiro and why the city had to create urban projects in answer to its conflicts and growth. The Medellín Metro

8736-630: The three local channels – Telemedellín, Channel U and Televida, (which cover the Valle de Aburrá), a regional channel Teleantioquia, and five national channels: two private – Caracol and RCN, and three public – Canal Uno, Señal Institucional and Señal Colombia . In addition the TVN Channel of the Cable Bello Television Cable System, reaches approximately 80,000 thousand homes. Subscription TV companies offer their own channels. The city has

8840-459: The town of Bello virtually all possible telecommunications services are available, from payphones, to mobile phone networks, broadband wireless networks, browsing centers or cybercafés, IP communication, and others. The leading company in this sector is EPM Telecommunications (under its brand UNE), recently separated from its parent company Public Enterprises of Medellín ( EPM ). Also present are Bello Cable Bello Television Telecommunications Company,

8944-772: The transfer station with Line A). There is also a tram line: Line T-A ( Ayacucho Tram ). Additionally, the aerial cable car system, Metrocable , which supplements the Metro system, comprises five lines: Line J with 3 stations (plus one transfer station with Metro Line B), Line K with 3 stations (plus one transfer station with Line L), Line L with one station (plus one transfer station with Line K), Line H with two stations (plus one transfer station with Line T-A), Line M with two stations (plus one transfer station with Line T-A) and Line P with three stations (plus one transfer station with Line A). As of 2019, there are 27 Metro stations, 18 Metrocable stations, 3 Tramway stations (+ 6 stops), 20 BRT stations (+ 8 feeding buses stops) in

9048-405: The tropics, does not experience climatic changes. The average rainfall is 1347 mm., The temperature is determined by climatic zones ranging from desert, through cold up to medium where he is the highest, which has an average temperature of 25.7 °C throughout the year, alternating between dry and wet periods and is cooled by winds that blow along the valley throughout the year. Additionally

9152-405: The urban and rural population of the ten cities is 3,312,165 inhabitants. The main urban area of the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley is located in the center of the valley and consists of the four largest cities by population: Medellin , Bello, Itagüí and Envigado . In the urban area the main economic activities are related to textiles, concentrates, organized trade, informal trade, and

9256-483: The urban part of the city is a tilted plane that descends from 1600 to 1400 meters above sea level. Bello is in the northern part of the valley and the mountains surrounding the city exceed 2,500 meters. The main topographic feature is the Cerro Quitasol (pyramidal mountain, 2,880 meters above sea level), located north of the city and considered by its grandeur as the tutelary hill of Bello. The city, being located in

9360-494: The village from Hatoviejo to Bello, at the request of a group of people who felt that the name "Hato" made them despised and humiliated as hato was a place for animals. Instead, the name Bello was "more cultured, more appropriate and more worthy of the great patriarch of American letters" ( Andrés Bello ). Bello forms part of the Aburrá Valley, a valley in the Andes mountain range. It is located next to Medellín at its northern border in

9464-490: The wide valley of Los Aburrá inhabited by indigenous farmers who had "a habitat organized in groups with scattered houses, forming clusters of houses". This was especially true in the town of Niquías, which occupied the territory now called Bello. In 1574, the Spanish subject Gaspar de Rodas requested a land grant for the Aburrá Valley from the town hall of Santa Fe de Antioquia in order to establish therein "herds of livestock and agricultural plots", in order to provide food for

9568-410: The world. Social exclusion has eased due to the development of a transport infrastructure; a new system of public buses called "Metroplus" opened in December 2011, and gondolas called "MetroCable", which help connect the poorest barrio communities in the hills to the city, have been in operation since 2004, with more routes being added in recent years. Additionally, an electric escalator 1,260 feet long

9672-451: The years, including Aburrá de los Yamesíes , "Valley of Saint Bartholomew", "Saint Lawrence of Aburrá", "Saint Lawrence of Aná", Villa de la Candelaria de Medellín , and finally "Medellín". The name "Medellín" comes from Medellín, Spain , a small village in the Badajoz province of Extremadura . The village is known for being the birthplace of Hernán Cortés . The Spanish Medellín, in turn,

9776-485: Was 2,508,452 at the 2018 census . The metro area of Medellín is the second-largest urban agglomeration in Colombia in terms of population and economy, with more than 4 million people. In 1616, the Spaniard Francisco de Herrera Campuzano erected a small indigenous village ( poblado ) known as " Saint Lawrence of Aburrá" ( San Lorenzo de Aburrá ), located in the present-day El Poblado commune. On 2 November 1675,

9880-407: Was created not only as a massive urban transport solution for the working class residents of the city, but also as an important cultural symbol that would help develop marginalized sectors. The Metro would change the concept of public space in a city built for business and factories that had the systematic issue of lacking space for things like tourism. As a company, the Medellín Metro was created for

9984-487: Was created on 31 May 1979. The railway history of Colombia and Antioquia has not been indifferent to the industrialization process that started at the end of the 19th century and that only has been restrained by the social and political conflicts of this South American nation. The Antioquia Department, and the Paisa Region in general, owe their progress to the construction of railways that put them in direct contact with

10088-450: Was expanded from Itagüí to La Estrella , in the south of the metropolitan area. A new intermediate station, Sabaneta , built near 67th South Street, was opened on 5 August 2012 and the final station, La Estrella , was built near 77th South Street and opened on 17 September 2012. In February 2020 it was announced that Medellín will reactivate the train line between Bello and Caldas. Initially, there were 42 three-car train sets built by

10192-523: Was founded in 1676 as "Hato Viejo". The department later changed its name to Bello in honor of Latin American polymath Andrés Bello (1781-1865). Bello was granted municipal status in 1913, officially making it one of the cities of Antioquia Department. Bello is also known as the "City of Artists" in Colombia. Its current mayor is Lorena Gonzáles Ospina. In July 1541, troops under the command of Jerónimo Luis Tejelo (Deputy Marshal to Jorge Robledo ) found

10296-570: Was founded in Medellín by Alejandro Echavarría on October 22, 1907. Its headquarters, the Coltejer Building , is the tallest skyscraper in Medellín and the fourth tallest building in Colombia. The discovery of coal in Amagá , a few kilometers south of the Aburrá Valley, and the building of hydroelectric plants provided the new industries with energy, and this allowed the creation of many smaller companies. The Antioquia Railway (built in 1875) conquered

10400-616: Was held in Medellín expressing a preferential option for the poor . The traditional Junin Theatre along the Santa Elena was demolished to build the Coltejer Tower. The huge migration into Medellín provided workers for the expansion of textile factories, being modernized in this period, but it also created new problems for the city: higher unemployment, lack of services for poor areas, urban violence in several districts, and collapse of any hope of

10504-423: Was in the place known today as Heliconia when he saw in the distance what he thought was a valley. He sent Jerónimo Luis Tejelo to explore the territory, and during the night of August 23, Tejelo reached the plain of what is now Aburrá Valley. The Spaniards gave it the name of "Valley of Saint Bartholomew ", but this was soon changed for the native name Aburrá , meaning "Painters", due to the textile decorations of

10608-524: Was inaugurated on December 26, 2011, in Comuna 13 , one of Medellín's poorest neighborhoods, making it one of the first of its kind in the world. Today's Medellín includes spaces for art, poetry, drama, the construction of public libraries, the foundation of new ecological parks, and the inclusion of people of the city in its development. In 2012, Medellín was among 200 cities around the world, including New York and Tel Aviv, nominated for Most Innovative City of

10712-629: Was not taken until the colonial Visitador (royal inspector) Antonio Mon y Velarde es ordered one between 1786 and 1787: there were then 14,507 people and 241 families. In 1808, two years before Colombia won independence, the city had 15,347 people and 360 families. In 1803, the Royal College of the Franciscans was founded in the Central Plaza, which is Berrío Park today, with the initial departments of Grammar, Philosophy, and Theology. Soon after,

10816-720: Was originally called "Metellinum" and was named after the Roman General Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius in 75 BC who founded the village as a military base. Some of the Conquistadors , such as Gaspar de Rodas , the first governor of Antioquia, came from the region of Badajoz . Count Pedro Portocarrero y Luna, President of the Council for the West Indies ( Consejo de Indias ), asked the Spanish monarchy to give

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