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77-450: Phase I consists of 121 Vestas V82-1.65  MW wind turbines , for a total nameplate capacity of 199.65 MW. Groundbreaking ceremonies occurred on April 14, 2009. Phase I became operational in October 2009. Horizon built a substation next to an existing AEP substation which was already within the wind farm site area. This allowed the wind farm to connect to the power grid without

154-498: A Neutra masterpiece, many families could adopt aspects of Palm Springs modern." Hollywood values permeated the resort as it combined celebrity, health, new wealth, and sex. As Culver (2010) explains: "The bohemian sexual and marital mores already apparent in Hollywood intersected with the resort atmosphere of Palm Springs, and this new, more open sexuality would gradually appear elsewhere in national tourist culture." During this period,

231-494: A Vestas V172 generator with a rotor diameter of 172 meters and a power of 7.2 MW. It is planned to place the towers in Germany and Austria. As of December 2022 Vestas operates a 15 MW wind turbine prototype and claims that it has a capacity factor of over 60%. Vestas operates a blade recycling facility in USA. Palm Springs, California Palm Springs ( Cahuilla : Séc-he )

308-523: A conflict of interest while Bogert acted as conservator for tribal land which was being demolished by the city, and racist comments regarding the "poor Blacks" who lived in Section 14, as justification for removing a statue of Bogert on horseback placed in 1990 in front of the Palm Springs City Hall. The City Council of Palm Springs ordered its removal in 2021 and formally apologized for the eviction of

385-412: A hotel across the street from his residence. Murray did so in 1886 (he later became a famous horticulturalist). The crops and irrigation systems suffered flooding in 1893 from record rainfall, and then an 11-year drought (1894–1905) caused further damage. The city became a fashionable resort in the 1900s when health tourists arrived with conditions that required dry heat. Because of the heat, however,

462-624: A hotel and sanitarium in 1909. It was expanded as a modern hotel in 1927 and continued on until 1967. Coffman herself was a "driving force" in the city's tourism industry until her death in 1950. James's Wonders of the Colorado Desert (above) was followed in 1920 by J. Smeaton Chase 's Our Araby: Palm Springs and the Garden of the Sun , which also promoted the area. In 1924 Pearl McCallum (daughter of Judge McCallum) returned to Palm Springs and built

539-527: A mid-century modern theme. The city holds a Modernism Week celebration every February, along with several related smaller events during the year. Palm Springs is located in the Sonoran Desert . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 95.0 square miles (246 km ), of which 94.1 square miles (244 km ) is land and 0.9 square miles (2.3 km ) (1%)

616-704: A month." In 2021 the California Attorney General's office later called the displacement a "city-engineered holocaust", depriving dozens of Black and Latino people of generational wealth. After existing non-Indian residents were evicted in the 1960s, the tribe built the Spa Hotel and Casino downtown and the city built the Palm Springs Convention Center ; also, the tribe leased land for developers to build hotels and condos. The Palm Springs Human Relations Commission cited this history, as well as

693-574: A new larger store in the mall. Joseph Magnin Co. opened a 26,000-square-foot (2,400 m ) department store in the mall in 1969, meaning that together with a Sears at 611 Palm Canyon Dr., for two decades, downtown boasted seven department stores, plus the Palm Springs Mall 1.5 miles (2.5 km) to the east operating from 1959 to 2005. When the United States entered World War II , Palm Springs and

770-594: A rough 2012 it called 2013 one of Vestas’s "best years ever". Vestas also added employees in Pueblo and expected the tower facility to eventually top 500. Vestas stated that it expected to have 2800 employees in Colorado by the end of 2014. As of 2016 , Vestas has a US nacelle production capacity of 2.6 GW. In March 2015, Vestas announced it would be upping jobs by 400 at its blade manufacturing facility in Windsor and stated "We had

847-459: A successful test of a stealth wind turbine blade mitigating radar reflection problems for aviation. In December 2010 Vestas were developing the V164 7 MW offshore turbine, with a 164 m rotor diameter. Prototypes of it were manufactured at Lindø (the former Maersk shipyard) due to size, crane and port access requirements. Series production of nacelles for the 32 turbines (256 MW) extension of

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924-496: A ten by six mile area since large wind turbines must be spaced at least 5 to 10 rotor diameters apart to avoid wind shadowing. Most of the land between turbines remains productive farmland; only about 250 acres (1.0 km) of farmland have been taken out of production by the 121 turbines. (*) partial year of operation Vestas 56°11′48″N 10°10′49″E  /  56.1966997°N 10.1802483°E  / 56.1966997; 10.1802483 Vestas Wind Systems A/S

1001-494: A v80 2.0 MW offshore turbine to Windplus, S.A. (a joint-venture company including Energias de Portugal , Repsol , Principle Power, A. Silva Matos, Inovcapital and Portugal Ventures). The system, known as the WindFloat, consists of a semi-submersible type floating foundation, a conventional catenary mooring, and the wind turbine. The successful deployment represents the first offshore multi-megawatt wind turbine to be installed without

1078-881: A variety of native Low Desert flora and fauna. A notable tree occurring in the wild and under cultivation is the California Fan Palm, Washingtonia filifera . The fauna of Palm Springs is mostly species adapted to desert, temperature extremes and to lack of moisture. It is located within the Nearctic faunistic realm in a region containing an assemblage of species similar to Northern Africa. Native fauna includes pronghorns , desert bighorn sheep , desert tortoise , kit fox , desert iguanas , horned lizards , chuckwalla , bobcats , mountain lions and Gila monsters . Other animals include ground squirrels , rock squirrels , porcupines , skunks , cactus mice , kangaroo rats , pocket gophers and raccoons . Desert birds here include

1155-579: A very successful 2014". In 2015 almost half of all Vestas turbines were going to the American market (nearly 3 GW for US out of 7.5 GW worldwide). Vestas intends to build a blade factory in India in 2016. In 2014 and 2015, 26 dishonest employees were detected with the company's whistleblower program (the first in Denmark), and disciplined. In February 2016, Vestas got its largest order of 1,000 MW (278 x 3.6 MW) for

1232-645: A wind turbine will be installed within the next year. At a planned ultimate nameplate capacity of 1000 MW, EDP Renewables North America claims that Meadow Lake would be one of the largest wind farms in the world . The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that such facilities would generate enough electricity to power about 250,000 homes, annually saving 1,684 million gallons of water and eliminating 3.1 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions . Horizon further estimates that Phases I and II should eliminate just under one million tons of carbon dioxide emissions per year. Phase I spreads over 26,000 acres (110 km)

1309-502: Is 124 °F or 51.1 °C on July 5, 2024. The climate of Palm Springs is suitable for some palm trees, although tropical types that need more water and humidity do not grow as well. On October 1, 2024 the temperature in Palm Springs reached 117 °F (47.2 °C), tying the record for the highest temperature in the United States in October, after the same temperature was reached in nearby Mecca on October 5, 1917. The locale features

1386-498: Is 19 °F or −7.2 °C, on January 22, 1937. Summers are extremely hot, with daytime temperatures consistently surpassing 110 °F or 43.3 °C while overnight temperatures often remain above 80 °F or 26.7 °C. The mean annual temperature is 75.6 °F (24.2 °C). There are on average 176.6 afternoons with a high reaching 90 °F or 32.2 °C, and 100 °F or 37.8 °C can be seen on 114.8 afternoons. The highest temperature on record in Palm Springs

1463-571: Is a Danish manufacturer, seller, installer, and servicer of wind turbines that was founded in 1945. The company operates manufacturing plants in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Taiwan, India, Italy, Romania, the United Kingdom, Spain, Sweden, Norway, Australia, China, Brazil, Poland and the United States, and employs 29,000 people globally. As of 2013 , it is the largest wind turbine company in

1540-633: Is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California , United States, within the Colorado Desert 's Coachella Valley . The city covers approximately 94 square miles (240 km ), making it the largest city in Riverside County by land area. With multiple plots in checkerboard pattern, more than 10% of the city is part of the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians reservation land and

1617-515: Is the administrative capital of the most populated reservation in California . The population of Palm Springs was 44,575 as of the 2020 census , but because Palm Springs is a retirement location and a winter snowbird destination, the city's population triples between November and March. The city is noted for its mid-century modern architecture, design elements, arts and cultural scene, and recreational activities. The first humans to settle in

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1694-855: Is water. Located in the Coachella Valley desert region, Palm Springs is sheltered by the San Bernardino Mountains to the north, the Santa Rosa Mountains to the south, by the San Jacinto Mountains to the west and by the Little San Bernardino Mountains to the east. Palm Springs has a hot desert climate ( BWh in Köppen-Geiger classification ), with over 300 days of sunshine and 4.93 inches (125.2 mm) of rainfall annually. The wettest “rain year” on record

1771-474: The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians is composed of several smaller bands who live in the modern-day Coachella Valley and San Gorgonio Pass . The Agua Caliente Reservation occupies 32,000 acres (13,000 ha), of which 6,700 acres (2,700 ha) lie within the city limits, making the Agua Caliente natives the city's largest landowners. (Tribal enrollment as of 2010 was 410 people. ) As of 1821 Mexico

1848-753: The Agua Caliente Reservation was established by the United States government in 1876, the reservation land was composed of alternating sections (640 acres or 260 ha) of land laid out across the desert in a checkerboard pattern . The alternating non-reservation sections were granted to the Southern Pacific Railroad as an incentive to bring rail lines through the Sonoran Desert . A number of streets and areas in Palm Springs are named for Native American notables, including Andreas, Arenas, Amado, Belardo, Lugo, Patencio, Saturnino, and Chino. All of these are common Cahuilla surnames. Presently

1925-532: The Alexander Construction Company built some 2,200 houses in Palm Springs effectively doubling its housing capacity. As the 1970s drew to a close, increasing numbers of retirees moved to the Coachella Valley. As a result, Palm Springs began to evolve from a virtual ghost town in the summer to a year-round community. Businesses and hotels that used to close for the months of July and August instead remained open all summer. As commerce grew, so too did

2002-683: The Coachella and Stagecoach Festivals in nearby Indio attract younger people, making greater Palm Springs a more attractive area to retire. Following the 2008 recession, Palm Springs revitalized its Downtown, "the Village". Rebuilding started with the demolition of the Bank of America building in January 2012, with the Desert Fashion Plaza scheduled for demolition in 2013. In 2020, Christy Holstege became

2079-1011: The Fosen project near Trondheim in Norway. It costs DKK 11 billion, and should deliver 3.4 TWh per year. In 1Q 2016, the average wind turbine price was 0.83 million Euro per MW, compared to 0.91 a year before. In 2016, Vestas was voted number 7 on the Clean200 list. In 2019, MHI-Vestas received a supply and operations vessel for the Deutsche Bucht Offshore Wind Project , with a further two ships scheduled for other projects. Vestas spent €92 million ($ 128 million), or 1.4% of revenue, on research and development in 2009. It has filed 787 wind turbine patents (227 in 2010) according to United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office (UK-IPO), while General Electric has 666 and Siemens Wind Power has 242. In October 2009, Vestas and QinetiQ claimed

2156-697: The Isle of Wight in England would close due to a lack of UK demand, affecting 525 jobs there and 100 in Southampton. Approximately 25 workers at the wind turbine factory on the island occupied the administration offices in protest on 20 July 2009, demanding nationalisation to save their jobs. In August 2009 Vestas hired more than 5,000 extra workers for its new factories in China , the United States , and Spain . The company said it

2233-521: The Kaufmann Desert House . A modernist classic, this mostly glass residence incorporated the latest technological advances in building materials, using natural lighting and floating planes and flowing space for proportion and detail. In recent years an energetic preservation program has protected and enhanced many classic buildings. Culver (2010) argues that Palm Springs architecture became the model for mass-produced suburban housing, especially in

2310-664: The Torney General Hospital , with Italian prisoners of war serving as kitchen help and orderlies in 1944 and 1945. Through the war it was staffed with 1,500 personnel and treated some 19,000 patients. General Patton's Desert Training Center encompassed the entire region, with its headquarters in Camp Young at the Chiriaco Summit and an equipment depot maintained by the 66th Ordnance in present-day Palm Desert . Architectural modernists flourished with commissions from

2387-538: The 10 year limit on the leases. After changes in the Indian Leasing Act in 1959, long term leases were permitted. Mayor Frank Bogert and other city officials advocated to the conservators that managed the tribe's leases to end the short term leases and enter into long term leases to largely white property owners for redevelopment. City funds were used to clear the land for redevelopment, including burning "shacks and makeshift homes... [which had] rented for $ 20 to $ 40

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2464-527: The 1963 movie Palm Springs Weekend , the number of visitors grew and at times the gatherings had problems. In 1969 an estimated 15,000 people had gathered for a concert at the Palm Springs Angel Stadium and 300 were arrested for drunkenness or disturbing the peace. In the 1980s, 10,000 or more college students would visit the city and form crowds and parties—and another rampage occurred in 1986 when Palm Springs Police in riot gear had to put down

2541-461: The 21st century. Palm Springs (as well as surrounding areas) became a desired destination as the COVID-19 pandemic began; the city saw an increase of residents from larger cities like Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Seattle, with new residents seeking less dense areas from which to work remotely. Since the early 1950s the city had been a popular spring break resort. Glamorized as a destination in

2618-425: The 70-person staff advisory department 'Vestas Excellence', responsible for securing competitiveness, handling suppliers, quality assurance and globalization . In January 2012, the company suggested firing 1,600 out of its 3,000 U.S. workers if the U.S. did not renew the 2.2 cents-per-kilowatt-hour Production Tax Credit , which was extended in 2013. On 13 August 2012, an estimated 90 workers were laid off from

2695-453: The 90 MW Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm occurs at Lindø, while blades are made at Vestas' Isle of Wight facilities in England. DONG Energy tested a prototype in the sea off Frederikshavn in 2013, at a cost of DKK 240 million. A V164 was installed for testing in Østerild Wind Turbine Test Field in 2014, later uprated to more power. In June 2011, the Vestas supercomputer Firestorm

2772-750: The Cahuillas often spent the summers in Indian Canyons, the current site of the former Spa Resort Casino, in downtown, was often used during winter due to its natural hot springs. Native American petroglyphs can be seen in Tahquitz , Chino , and Indian Canyons. The Cahuilla's irrigation ditches, dams, and house pits can also be seen here. Ancient petroglyphs, pictographs and mortar holes can be seen in Andreas Canyon. The mortar holes were used to grind acorns into meal. The Agua Caliente ("Hot Water") Reservation

2849-673: The Chi Chi nightclub opening in 1936. Besides the gambling available at the Dunes Club, other casinos included The 139 Club and The Cove Club outside of the city. Bullock's , a large upscale department store on Broadway in Los Angeles , opened a Spanish Colonial-style "resort store" within the Desert Inn complex in 1930. When Bullock's opened a full department store at 151 Palm Canyon Drive in 1947, J. W. Robinson's , another large L.A. store, took

2926-632: The Coachella Valley were important in the war effort. The original airfield near Palm Springs became a staging area for the Air Corps Ferrying Command 's 21st Ferrying Group in November 1941 and a new airfield was built 1 ⁄ 2 mile (0.8 km) from the old site. The new airfield, designated Palm Springs Army Airfield, was completed in early 1942. Personnel from the Air Transport Command 560th Army Air Forces Base Unit stayed at

3003-672: The La Paz Guest Ranch and training was conducted at the airfield by the 72nd and 73rd Ferrying Squadrons. Later training was provided by the IV Fighter Command 459th Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron. Eight months before Pearl Harbor Day, the El Mirador Hotel was fully booked and adding new facilities. After the war started, the U.S. government bought the hotel from owner Warren Phinney for $ 750,000, just over $ 13,000,000 if including inflation in 2020, and converted it into

3080-594: The Oasis Hotel with her husband Austin G. McManus; the Modern/Art Deco resort was designed by Lloyd Wright and featured a 40-foot (12 m) tower. The next major hotel was the El Mirador, a large and luxurious resort that attracted the biggest movie stars; opening in 1927, its prominent feature was a 68-foot-tall (21 m) Renaissance style tower. Silent film star Fritzi Ridgeway 's 100-room Hotel del Tahquitz

3157-669: The Pueblo facility. In 2013, the tower factory in Pueblo began ramping up to full utilization as orders rebounded from the 2012 slump. Other facilities in Colorado include a further 750 persons employed at a blade manufacturing facility in Windsor, Colorado . Vestas has a nacelle manufacturing facility in Brighton, Colorado . Vestas sold its tower manufacturing facility in Pueblo, Colorado to CS Wind in 2021. Vestas said it decided to build its North American production facilities in Colorado because of

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3234-428: The Section 14 residents. After legal objections to its removal from Bogert's supporters and family members were rejected by the courts, the statue was relocated on July 13, 2022. Section 14 residents are still seeking financial reparations for the evictions. Similar to the pre-war era, Palm Springs remained popular with the rich and famous of Hollywood, as well as retirees and Canadian tourists. Between 1947 and 1965,

3311-542: The Southwest. This "Desert Modern" style was a high-end architectural style featuring open-design plans, wall-to-wall carpeting, air-conditioning, swimming pools, and very large windows. As Culver concludes, "While environmentalists might condemn desert modern, the masses would not. Here, it seemed, were houses that fully merged inside and outside, providing spaces for that essential component of Californian—and indeed middle-class American—life: leisure. While not everyone could have

3388-604: The area in 1922. Palm Springs became popular with movie stars in the 1930s and estate building expanded into the Movie Colony neighborhoods, Tahquitz River Estates, and Las Palmas neighborhoods. Actors Charles Farrell and Ralph Bellamy opened the Racquet Club in 1934 and Pearl McCallum opened the Tennis Club in 1937. Nightclubs were set up as well, with Al Wertheimer opening The Dunes outside of Palm Springs in 1934 and

3465-512: The area were the Cahuilla people , who arrived 2,000 years ago. Cahuilla Indians lived here in isolation from other cultures for hundreds of years prior to European contact. They spoke Ivilyuat , which is a Uto-Aztecan language . Numerous prominent and powerful Cahuilla leaders were from the area, including Cahuilla Lion ( Chief Juan Antonio ). Palm Canyon was occupied during the winter months, but they often moved to cooler Chino Canyon during

3542-476: The city government, stimulated by real estate developers, systematically removed and excluded poor people and Indians. Palm Springs was pictured by the French photographer Robert Doisneau in November 1960 as part of an assignment for Fortune on the construction of golf courses in this particularly dry and hot area of the Colorado desert. Doisneau submitted around 300 slides following his ten-day stay depicting

3619-464: The company merged with the Danish wind turbine manufacturer NEG Micon to create the largest wind turbine manufacturer in the world, under the banner of Vestas Wind Systems. After a sales slump and an operational loss in 2005, Vestas recovered in 2006 with a 28% market share and increased production although market share slid to between 12.5% and 14%. Vestas began a whistleblower program in 2007, among

3696-527: The company: from €166 million losses in 2011 and increasing to €963 million in 2012. In September 2013, Vestas made a joint venture for offshore wind turbines with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries creating MHI-Vestas, including the 7-9 MW Vestas V164 , the most powerful turbine on Earth. In October 2013 Vestas sold its four casting and two machining factories to VTC Partners GmbH. In May 2014, Vestas announced it would be adding hundreds of jobs to its Colorado Windsor and Brighton facilities and following

3773-696: The first in Denmark. On 1 December 2008 Vestas announced plans to expand its North American headquarters in Portland through construction of a 600,000-square-foot (56,000 m ) new building, but this plan was mothballed in 2009 due to the economic recession , and in August 2010 the company announced a revised plan, scaled back in size, to expand its Portland headquarters by renovating an existing-but-vacant 172,000 sq ft (16,000 m ) building. At that time, Vestas employed about 400 in Portland and committed to add at least 100 more employees there within five years;

3850-403: The former Bullock's location and opened its own resort store there. Southern California's first self-contained shopping center was in Palm Springs, La Plaza (originally Palm Springs Plaza) , and on-street, open air center anchored by a small Desmond's department store , in 1936. The three-level parking garage for 141 cars was an innovation and the largest in Riverside County at that time. In

3927-448: The kite-energy-systems project ERC HIGHWIND, a project at KU Leuven dedicated to the research and development of tethered airfoils dedicated to generating energy by airborne wind energy (AWE). In April 2016, Vestas installed a 900 kW quadrotor test wind turbine at Risø , made from 4 recycled 225 kW V29 turbines. The first three months of testing confirmed theoretical models. Vestas has no immediate plans of commercializing

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4004-479: The lifestyle of wealthy retirees and Hollywood stars in the 1960s. At the time, Palm Springs counted just 19 courses, which had grown to 125 by 2010. Section 14 is a square mile of land owned by the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians within close walking distance of downtown. Former residents in this area, mostly black people and other people of color, lived in land leased in short terms by individual Indigenous owners. Commercial development did not occur due to

4081-580: The mayor of Palm Springs, which made her the first openly bisexual mayor in the United States, as well as the first female mayor of Palm Springs. The following year, Lisa Middleton became mayor, making her the first openly transgender mayor in California history. The movement behind mid-century modern architecture (1950s/60s era) in Palm Springs is backed by architecture enthusiasts, designers, and local historians to preserve many of Palm Springs' buildings and homes of famous celebrities, businessmen, and politicians. Stores sell furniture and gifts that feature

4158-452: The mid-twentieth century across the street on Palm Canyon Drive were department stores like Bullock's / Bullocks Wilshire ( No.  151, 1947–1990), J. W. Robinson's (No. 333, 1958–1987), and Saks Fifth Avenue (opened October 16, 1959, at No. 490), forming a large shopping district. In 1967 the Desert Fashion Plaza mall was built, I. Magnin opened there (closed 1992) and Saks closed its previous location and moved into

4235-558: The name was already in wide acceptance. The area was named "Palm Valley" when McCallum incorporated the "Palm Valley Land and Water Company" with partners O.C. Miller, H.C. Campbell, and James Adams, M.D. McCallum, who had brought his ill son to the dry climate for health, brought in irrigation advocate Dr. Oliver Wozencroft and engineer J. P. Lippincott to help construct a canal from the Whitewater River to fruit orchards on his property. He also asked Dr. Welwood Murray to establish

4312-517: The native California fan palm, Washingtonia filifera , which is abundant in the Palm Springs area. Other early names were "Palmetto Spring" and "Big Palm Springs". The first European resident in Palm Springs itself was Jack Summers, who ran the stagecoach station on the Bradshaw Trail in 1862. Fourteen years later (1876), the Southern Pacific railroad was laid 6 miles (9.5 km) to

4389-1233: The need to build lengthy new transmission line at a cost of $ 1 million per mile. Meadow Lake II Wind Farm has an installed capacity of 99 MW – enough to power approximately 27,000 average Indiana homes with clean energy. The wind farm, which consists of 66 Acciona AWs-1.5 MW turbines, achieved commercial operation in June 2010. Meadow Lake III Wind Farm has an installed capacity of 103.5 MW – enough to power approximately 28,000 average Indiana homes with clean energy. The wind farm, which consists of 69 GE Energy SLE-1.5 MW turbines, achieved commercial operation in October 2010. Meadow Lake IV Wind Farm has an installed capacity of 98.7 MW – enough to power approximately 27,000 average Indiana homes with clean energy. The wind farm, which achieved commercial operation in October 2010, consists of 47 Suzlon S88-2.1 MW turbines. Meadow Lake V and VI have installed capacities of 100 MW and 200.4 MW, respectively. Phase V came fully online in 2018 and consists of 50 Vestas V110-2.0 MW turbines. Phase VI came fully online in 2019 and consists of 61 turbines (12 Vestas V110-2.0 MW wind turbines and 49 Vestas V136-3.6 MW) that include some of

4466-413: The new building will have space for up to 600 workers. The company moved its Portland offices to the new headquarters building, a renovated historic building , in May 2012. In February 2009, the company announced the production of two new turbine types, the 3-megawatt V112 and 1.8-megawatt V100. The new models were to be available in 2010. In July 2009, Vestas announced its manufacturing operations on

4543-426: The north, isolating the station. In 1880, local Indian Pedro Chino was selling parcels near the springs to William Van Slyke and Mathew Bryne in a series of questionable transactions; they in turn brought in W. R. Porter to help market their property through the "Palm City Land and Water Company". By 1885, when San Francisco attorney (later known as "Judge") John Guthrie McCallum began buying property in Palm Springs,

4620-420: The number of families with children. The recession of 1973–1975 affected Palm Springs as many of the wealthy residents had to cut back on their spending. Later in the 1970s numerous Chicago mobsters invested $ 50 million in the Palm Springs area, buying houses, land, and businesses. While Palm Springs faced competition from the desert cities to the east in the later 1980s, it has continued to prosper into

4697-404: The population dropped markedly in the summer months. In 1906 naturalist and travel writer George Wharton James 's two volume The Wonders of the Colorado Desert described Palm Springs as having "great charms and attractiveness" and included an account of his stay at Murray's hotel. As James also described, Palm Springs was more comfortable in its microclimate because the area was covered in

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4774-417: The prototype. Test results were published in 2019, indicating lower costs. As of 2022, Vestas produces the second highest offshore wind turbine in the world, with a blade of 115 meters and an energy power of 15 MW. In September 2022, Vestas unveiled the tallest onshore tower for a wind farm. The 199-meter structure will allow to reach the zone of stronger and more stable winds. It is supposed to install

4851-461: The region became part of the United States in 1848. One possible origin of palm in the place name comes from early Spanish explorers who referred to the area as La Palma de la Mano de Dios or "The Palm of God's hand". The earliest use of the name "Palm Springs" is from United States Topographical Engineers who used the term in 1853 maps. According to William Bright , when the word "palm" appears in Californian place names, it usually refers to

4928-449: The rowdy crowd. In 1990, due to complaints by residents, mayor Sonny Bono and the city council closed the city's Palm Canyon Drive to spring breakers and the downtown businesses, normally filled with tourists, lost money. Tourism is a major factor in the city's economy with 1.6 million visitors in 2011. The city has over 130 hotels and resorts, numerous bed and breakfasts , and over 100 restaurants and dining spots. Events such as

5005-431: The shadow of Mount San Jacinto to the west and in the winter the mountains block cold winds from the San Gorgonio Pass . Early illustrious visitors included John Muir and his daughters, U.S. Vice President Charles Fairbanks , and Fanny Stevenson , widow of Robert Louis Stevenson . Murray's hotel was closed in 1909 and torn down in 1954. Nellie N. Coffman and her physician husband Harry established The Desert Inn as

5082-400: The stars, using the city to explore architectural innovations, new artistic venues, and an exotic back-to-the-land experiences. Inventive architects designed unique vacation houses, such as steel houses with prefabricated panels and folding roofs, a glass-and-steel house in a boulder-strewn landscape, and a carousel house that turned to avoid the sun's glare. In 1946, Richard Neutra designed

5159-408: The state’s central location, extensive transportation infrastructure and rail system, existing manufacturing base, and skilled workforce. In May 2013, Marika Fredriksson became the company's new Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer after her predecessor Dag Andresen resigned for personal reasons. Her strategy is to lead Vestas back to higher earnings after the important losses faced by

5236-459: The summer months. The Cahuilla Indians had several permanent settlements in the canyons of Palm Springs due to the abundance of water and shade. Various hot springs were used during wintertime. The Cahuilla hunted rabbit, mountain goat, and quail while trapping fish in nearby lakes and rivers. While men were responsible for hunting, women were responsible for collecting berries, acorns, and seeds. They also made tortillas from mesquite seeds. While

5313-423: The tallest and most powerful in the state. In early 2010, an EDP Renewables representative and local renewable energy advocates scouted the Meadow Lake project area for a location to build a visitor center. One possibility was an unused building near the intersection of I-65 and US-231 ( 40°40′04″N 87°02′27″W  /  40.667692°N 87.04073°W  / 40.667692; -87.04073 ), near where

5390-428: The use of any heavy-lift or specialized offshore construction equipment. In 2012, Vestas scaled back and closed some of its R&D offices in Houston, Marlborough, Louisville, China, Singapore and Denmark. In August 2013, Vestas started operating its 20 MW test bench for nacelles in Aarhus. On 5 September 2013, Chris Spruce, Vestas Senior Product Engineer, served as member of the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) for

5467-477: The world. {{As of|20 ==Historyn/about/profile#!from-1971-1986 |publisher=Vestas |access-date=30 August 2014}}</ref> and produced wind turbines exclusively from 1989. In 1997, the company placed in production the NTK 1500/60. The product was designed by Timothy Jacob Jensen and received the German IF Award and the Red Dot Award. The company's North American headquarters was relocated in 2002 from Palm Springs, California to Portland, Oregon . In 2003,

5544-549: Was "expanding heavily in China and the US because these markets were growing the fastest, in contrast to the sluggish pace of wind farm development in the UK". As part of this gradual shift in production away from Europe and towards China and the US, in October 2010, the company announced it was closing five factories in Denmark and Sweden, with the loss of 3,000 jobs. In November 2010, Vestas shut down

5621-496: Was built in 1929, next to the "Fool's Folly" mansion built by Chicago heiress Lois Kellogg. Golfing was available at the O'Donnell 9 hole course (1926) and the El Mirador (1929) course (see Golf below ). Hollywood movie stars were attracted by the hot dry, sunny weather and seclusion—they built homes and estates in the Warm Sands, The Mesa, and Historic Tennis Club neighborhoods (see Neighborhoods below ). About 20,000 visitors came to

5698-415: Was established in 1876 and consists of 31,128 acres (12,597 ha). Six thousand seven hundred acres (2,700 ha) are located by Downtown Palm Springs. The Native American land is on long lease land and next to one of California's high-end communities, making the tribe one of the wealthiest in California. The first name for Palm Springs was given by the native Cahuilla: "Se-Khi" (boiling water). When

5775-660: Was from July 1926 to June 1927 with 17.68 inches or 449.1 millimetres — of which 10.22 inches or 259.6 millimetres fell during three days in mid-February — and the driest from July 2001 to June 2002 with 0.40 inches or 10.2 millimetres. The winter months are warm, with a majority of days reaching 70 °F or 21.1 °C and in January and February afternoons often see temperatures of 80 °F or 26.7 °C and on occasion reach over 90 °F or 32.2 °C, while, on average, there are 17 mornings annually dipping to or below 40 °F or 4.4 °C; freezing temperatures occur in less than half of years. The lowest temperature recorded

5852-744: Was independent of Spain, and in March 1823, the Mexican Monarchy ended. That same year (in December) Mexican diarist José María Estudillo and Brevet Captain José Romero were sent to find a route from Sonora to Alta California ; on their expedition, they first recorded the existence of "Agua Caliente" at Palm Springs, California. With the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo after the Mexican-American War ,

5929-487: Was number 53 on the TOP500 -list of the world's most powerful computers calculating worldwide weather in a 3x3 km grid, and it delivers daily weather reports to the newspaper Ekstra Bladet and similar purposes. In 2012, Vestas donated the older 1344- core supercomputer from 2008 to Aalborg University . In October 2011, Vestas participated in the deployment of a floating wind turbine offshore of Portugal. Vestas supplied

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