Misplaced Pages

#664335

45-424: In contrast to the letter series row-crop tractors, which were intended to straddle one or more rows in a field with high clearances and adjustable axles, the W tractors had fixed wheel widths and a generally lower profile with smaller rear wheels and wide front axles, since they were meant for plowing, orchards, wheatfields and other applications that did not require the row-crop features. The McCormick-Deering W series

90-570: A 169-cubic-inch (2,770 cc) engine, giving the 300 utility a three-plow rating. McCormick-Deering branding was dropped. The W-300 was produced in 1955 and 1956. The W-300 was followed by the International 350 Utility pr W-350 in 1957–58. The McCormick-Deering W-6 was the W-series version of the Farmall M , using the M's C248 engine, again in gasoline, distillate or kerosene versions. The remainder of

135-474: A Habitability Consultant for design of the Skylab space station, launched in 1973. One of NASA's goals in hiring him was to improve the psychology, safety, and comfort of manned spacecraft. Due to long duration confinement in limited interior space in micro-g with almost non-existing variability in environment, the comfort and well-being of the crew through the use of aesthetics played high importance. Loewy suggested

180-560: A London office in the mid-1930s that continues to operate. in the early 1930s, Loewy did comprehensive design work for the Pennsylvania Railroad in providing a deeply modern Art Moderne design for the railroad's flagship electric locomotive, the GG1 . The engines would operate into the 1980s under a variety of paint schemes, some of them reflecting ownership changes, and one of them - 4935 - would be restored to its original appearance all

225-581: A counterpart to the Farmall 400 , from 1957 to 1960. In 1955 the Super W-6 was replaced by the International 400 Utility or W-400, with a 264-cubic-inch (4,330 cc) engine. McCormick-Deering branding was dropped. The W-400 was produced in 1955 and 1956. The W-400 was followed by the International 450 Utility or W-450 in 1956–58. The McCormick-Deering W-9 departed from the letter series parallel, using much more powerful engines from International Harvester's crawler tractors, and heavier drivetrains. The W-9

270-493: A displacement of 221 cubic inches (3,620 cubic centimetres), powering a five forward gear and one reverse gear torque amplifier transmission, with an optional 10-speed transmission. A 236-cubic-inch (3,870-cubic-centimetre) diesel version was also offered. Variants included the IH 460 utility tractor, and a hiboy model called the 460 Hi-Clear. The IH 460 Wheatland was offered for non-row-crop farming. Both an IH 460 orchard version and

315-622: A fashion illustrator for Vogue and Harper's Bazaar . In 1929, he received his first industrial-design commission to contemporize the appearance of a duplicating machine by Gestetner . Further commissions followed, including work for Westinghouse , the Hupp Motor Company (the Hupmobile styling), and styling the Coldspot refrigerator for Sears -Roebuck. It was this product that established his reputation as an industrial designer. He opened

360-441: A five forward gear and one reverse sliding gear torque amplifier transmission, with an optional 10-speed transmission. A 282-cubic-inch (4,620-cubic-centimetre) diesel version was also offered. Variants included the IH 560 utility tractor, and a hiboy model called the 560 Hi-Clear. Since the transmission components were unaltered from the original M systems, the larger engines produced immediate reliability issues, resulting in

405-562: A lowered IH 460 grove version were offered for fruit and citrus growers. About 35,000 460s were produced, about $ 4,700 for gasoline to $ 5,400 for diesel-engined versions. The Farmall 560 is a five-plow row crop tractor produced from 1958 to 1963. Successor to the Farmall 450 series, it was part of the line of large tractors originating with the Farmall M . The updated tractors marked an attempt by Farmall to respond to increased competition from other tractor manufacturers that were introducing more modern tractors with greater power. The 560 and

450-473: A massive recall effort. All models had improved hydraulic systems and were more comfortable to operate than their predecessors. The Farmall 460 is a row crop tractor produced from 1958 to 1963. Successor to the Farmall 350 series, it was part of the line of medium tractors originating with the Farmall H . Like the 350, it was rated for three plows, but the 460 had a larger six-cylinder 55-horsepower (41 kW) gasoline or liquid petroleum gas engine with

495-459: A new generation, through design exhibitions, publications, and documentaries. In October 2017, the documentary, "Raymond Loewy: designer of American dreams", originally conceived by Laurence Loewy, premiered to Paris audiences. The film has aired on the French Arte channel. On November 5, 2013, Loewy was honored with a Google Doodle depicting a streamlined locomotive bearing a resemblance to

SECTION 10

#1733093429665

540-401: A number of improvements to the layout, such as the implementation of a wardroom, where the crew could eat and work together, the wardroom window, the dining table and the color design, among others. A key feature of Raymond Loewy's design for the sleep compartments was that the floor plan for each of the three was different to create a sense of individual identity for each compartment. Elements of

585-467: A public relations problem for International Harvester, and requiring replacement with new, redesigned powertrain components. The 560 had been restyled from previous series in an attempt to modernize the appearance of the Farmall line. About 70,000 560s were produced. Prices ranged from $ 6,000 for gasoline versions to $ 6,700 for diesels. The 660 was not offered under the Farmall name as a row-crop tractor. It

630-645: A young student from the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena. The team worked in a house leased for the purpose in Palm Springs, California . (Loewy also had a home in Palm Springs that he designed himself. ) Each team member had a role. Andrews and Kellogg handled sketching, Ebstein oversaw the project, and Loewy was the creative director and offered advice. Raymond Loewy worked for NASA from 1967 to 1973 as

675-671: The Greyhound Scenicruiser bus interior, Coca-Cola vending machines and bottle redesign, the Lucky Strike package, Coldspot refrigerators, the Studebaker Avanti and Champion , and the Air Force One livery . He was engaged by equipment manufacturer International Harvester to overhaul its entire product line, and his team also assisted competitor Allis-Chalmers . He undertook numerous railroad designs, including

720-775: The International W-30 , a version of the Farmall F-30 , which had a wide front axle in comparison to the F-30's narrowly-space front wheels. The W-30 was produced from 1932 to 1940. Super versions were introduced in 1952, using an IH C264 engine. A Super W6-TA and WD6-TA line was produced in 1954, with torque amplifier transmissions. Production of all models of the W-6 totaled 56,482 from 1940 to 1954. Australian models, designated AW-6, were produced from 1949 to 1953. The AW-7 followed in Australia, as

765-556: The Pennsylvania Railroad GG1 , S-1 , and T1 locomotives, the color scheme and Eagle motif for the first streamliners of the Missouri Pacific Railroad , and a number of lesser known color scheme and car interior designs for other railroads. His career spanned seven decades. The press referred to Loewy as The Man Who Shaped America , The Father of Streamlining and The Father of Industrial Design . Loewy

810-470: The shroud design of K4s Pacific #3768 , using the wheels of the train to form the word Google . Work in years or models unknown 1900s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s Notes Further reading International Harvester 660 The Farmall 60 series tractors are general-purpose row-crop tractors that replaced the larger models of the Farmall letter series beginning in 1958. Produced from 1958 to 1963,

855-555: The 1956 model year. In the spring of 1961, Studebaker's new president, Sherwood Egbert , recalled Loewy to design the Avanti . Egbert hired him to help energize Studebaker's soon-to-be-released line of 1963 passenger cars to attract younger buyers. Despite the short 40-day schedule allowed to produce a finished design and scale model, Loewy agreed to take the job. He recruited a team consisting of experienced designers, including former Loewy employees John Ebstein; Bob Andrews; and Tom Kellogg,

900-550: The Canadian Cockshutt Plow Company 's new line of agricultural tractors in the squared-off style that was becoming popular.The Cockshutt 540 , 550 , 560 and 570 models were all styled by Loewy. Raymond Loewy's designers influenced the design of Allis-Chalmers crawler tractors. The tractors were described as having stylish panelwork with curvaceous lines. Loewy's first marriage was to Jean Thomson, which ended in divorce. Jean Thomson remained employed by

945-590: The Farmall 460 and 560 tractors represented a modernization of the Farmall H and Farmall M respectively, with higher-horsepower 6-cylinder engines in a restyled body. The heavy general-purpose 660 was sold under the International brand, and was a successor to the McCormick-Deering W series tractors . The new styling abandoned the Raymond Loewy styling of the letter series in favor of a squared-off look that

SECTION 20

#1733093429665

990-622: The Loewy firm after the marriage ended. In 1980, Loewy retired at the age of 87 and returned to his native France. He died in his Monte Carlo residence on July 14, 1986. He was raised a Roman Catholic and was buried in the cemetery of a Catholic church in Rochefort-en-Yvelines , a village located 40 km south-west of Paris, where he owned a rural home named La Cense. He was survived by his wife Viola (née Erickson), and their daughter Laurence. In 1992, Viola and Laurence Loewy, with

1035-522: The Pennsylvania Railroad, including stations, passenger-car interiors, and advertising materials. By 1949, Loewy employed 143 designers, architects, and draftsmen. His business partners were A. Baker Barnhart, William Snaith, and John Breen. Loewy had a long and fruitful relationship with American car maker Studebaker . Studebaker first retained Loewy and Associates and Helen Dryden as design consultants in 1936 and in 1939 Loewy began work with

1080-728: The United States. In 2006, the Loewy Gallery opened in Roanoke, Virginia through the supportive efforts of the O. Winston Link Museum , the local business community, and art patrons Laurence Loewy, David Hagerman, and Ross Stansfield. Laurence died of natural causes October 15, 2008, and is survived by her husband David Hagerman. Hagerman is the representative for the Estate of Raymond Loewy, which remains dedicated to reintroducing Loewy's design philosophy of MAYA, or "most advanced, yet acceptable", to

1125-494: The W-6 drivetrain was similar to the W-4's, but the tractor was heavier at 4,800 pounds (2,200 kg). A diesel version was also offered, the WD-6. The WD-6 was rated for three or four plows. As with the W-4, versions were made in W-6, WD-6, O-6, I-6 and ID-6 models. OS-6 and ODS-6 models omitted the sheet metal guards, but kept the rearranged exhausts. The immediate predecessor to the W-6 was

1170-489: The crew quarters included sleep restraints, storage lockers, privacy partitions, lighting, a light baffle, privacy curtains, mirrors, towel holders and a communication box. The table was designed by Loewy in order to avoid creating hierarchical positions for crew members during long missions. Food was eaten using forks, knives and spoons, which were held in place on the table by magnets. Liquids were drunk from squeezable plastic containers. The International Harvester company

1215-477: The exhaust routed underneath instead of overhead. The OS-4 version only had the underslung exhaust, without the sheet metal guards. In 1953 the Super W-4 was introduced, with an International C164 engine with 164-cubic-inch (2,690-cubic-centimetre) displacement. A total of 35,868 W-4s of all versions were produced from 1940 to 1954. In 1955 the Super W-4 was replaced by the International 300 Utility or W-300, with

1260-568: The experimental duplex engine Q1 which was his last work of streamlining PRR's steam engine. In 1946, at the Pennsylvania Railroad's request, he restyled Baldwin 's diesels with a distinctive " sharknose " reminiscent of the T1. While he did not design the famous GG1 electric locomotive , he improved its appearance with welded rather than riveted construction, and he added a pinstripe paint scheme to highlight its smooth contours. In addition to locomotive design, Loewy's studios provided many designs for

1305-499: The most beautiful cars ever made", was radical in appearance, as radical in its way as the 1934 Airflow . However, it was beset by production problems. To brand the new line, Loewy also contemporized Studebaker's logo again by applying the "Lazy S" element. His final commission of the 1950s for Studebaker was the transformation of the Starlight and Starliner coupes into the Hawk series for

1350-477: The principal designer Virgil Exner . Their designs first began appearing with the late-1930s Studebakers. Loewy also designed a new logo to replace the "turning wheel" that had been the Studebaker trademark since 1912. During World War II, American government restrictions on in-house design departments at Ford , General Motors , and Chrysler prevented official work on civilian automobiles. Because Loewy's firm

1395-535: The rear seat. In addition to the iconic bullet-nosed Studebakers of 1950 and 1951, the team created the 1953 Studebaker line, highlighted by the Starliner and Starlight coupes. (Publicly credited to Loewy, they were actually the work of Robert Bourke. ) The Starlight has consistently ranked as one of the best-designed cars of the 1950s in lists compiled since by Collectible Automobile , Car and Driver , and Motor Trend . The '53 Starliner, recognized today as "one of

McCormick-Deering W series tractors - Misplaced Pages Continue

1440-405: The smaller Farmall 460 were restyled and had new engines. Other components carried over from earlier lines caused reliability problems, harming International Harvester's reputation and market position. The 560 was rated for five plows, using six-cylinder 66-horsepower (49 kW) gasoline or liquid petroleum gas engine with a displacement of 263 cubic inches (4,310 cubic centimetres), powering

1485-715: The support of British American Tobacco , established the Raymond Loewy Foundation in Hamburg , Germany. The foundation was established to preserve the memory of Raymond Loewy and promote the discipline of industrial design. An annual award of €50,000 is granted to outstanding designers, in recognition of their lifetime achievements. Notable grantees include Karl Lagerfeld , Philippe Starck and Dieter Rams . In 1998, Loewy's daughter, Laurence, established Loewy Design in Atlanta , Georgia, to manage her father's continued interests in

1530-652: The war in 1918. Loewy served in the French army during World War I (1914–1918), attaining the rank of captain. He was wounded in combat and received the Croix de guerre . After the war he moved to New York, where he arrived in September 1919. In Loewy's early years in the United States, he lived in New York and found work as a window designer for department stores , including Macy's , Wanamaker's and Saks in addition to working as

1575-462: The way down to paint colors. He designed other passenger locomotives for the firm, including a streamlined shroud for K4s Pacific #3768 to haul the newly redesigned 1938 Broadway Limited . He followed by styling the experimental S1 locomotive, as well as the T1 class. In 1940, he designed a simplified version of the streamlined shroud for another four K4s . In 1942, he designed the streamlined shroud for

1620-466: Was a French-born American industrial designer who achieved fame for the magnitude of his design efforts across a variety of industries. He was recognized for this by Time magazine and featured on its cover on October 31, 1949. He spent most of his professional career in the United States, becoming a naturalized citizen in 1938. Among his designs were the Shell , Exxon , TWA and the former BP logos,

1665-467: Was a manufacturer of agricultural machinery, light and heavy duty trucks, construction equipment and appliances. In 1935 it engaged Loewy to overhaul the product line, from the company's logo to operator ergonomics. The first new machine to reflect Loewy's design aesthetic, a crawler tractor known as the International TD-18, was launched in 1938. For the 1958 model year, Loewy was engaged to style

1710-649: Was a re-badged version of the Super W-9, with few changes, following the Farmall 100/200/300/400 numbering scheme, and dropping McCormick-Deering branding in favor of "International." 1,516 600s were produced in 1956 and 1957. The International Harvester 650 was the successor to the 600, with a few more changes. 4,933 650s were produced in 1956 and 1957. The 650 was succeeded by the restyled International Harvester 660 in 1959. Raymond Loewy Raymond Loewy ( / ˈ l oʊ i / LOH -ee , French: [ʁɛmɔ̃ levi] ; November 5, 1893 – July 14, 1986)

1755-842: Was born in Paris in 1893, the son of Maximilian Loewy, a Jewish journalist from Austria, and a French mother, Marie Labalme. Loewy distinguished himself early with the design of a successful model aircraft , which won the Gordon Bennett Cup for model airplanes in 1908. By the following year, he had commercial sales of the plane, named the Ayrel . He graduated in 1910 from the University of Paris . He continued his studies in advanced engineering at Ecole Duvignau de Lanneau in Paris, but stopped his studies early to serve in World War I, eventually graduating after

1800-570: Was closely aligned with the International Harvester industrial tractor series. Industrial tractors had different gearing and a foot-operated throttle. The W series retained the same Raymond Loewy styling as the letter series tractors. The McCormick-Deering W-4 was based on the Farmall H and used the same International Harvester C152 152-cubic-inch (2,490-cubic-centimetre) displacement gasoline engine, with options for kerosene and distillate fuels. A five-speed sliding-gear transmission

1845-623: Was first produced in 1940 with the C335 engine used in the T-9 crawler. Running on gasoline, distillate or kerosene, it produced 44 horsepower (33 kW). Operating weight was over 10,000 pounds (4,500 kg). A WD-9 diesel version of the same displacement was available. Industrial tractors were the International I-9 and ID-9, and a special steel-wheeled rice field variant was the WR-9 and WDR-9. The Super W-9/WD-9

McCormick-Deering W series tractors - Misplaced Pages Continue

1890-542: Was independent of the fourth-largest automobile producer in America, no such restrictions applied. This permitted Studebaker to launch the first all-new postwar automobile in 1947, two years ahead of the "Big Three." His team developed an advanced design featuring flush-front fenders and clean rearward lines. The Loewy staff, headed by Exner, also created the Starlight body, which featured a rear-window system that wrapped 180° around

1935-699: Was produced in 1953 with greater torque. The predecessor to the W-9 was the McCormick-Deering W-40 , a bigger version of the International W-30 with a six-cylinder engine, which was itself a wide-front-axle version of the Farmall F-30 . A diesel-engine version was available, the WD-40. Both tractors were also sold as industrial tractors, the I-30 and ID-30. Production ran from 1934 to 1940. The International Harvester 600

1980-521: Was retained until the end of the Farmall product run.The new tractors could be adapted to operate on gasoline, kerosene, LP gas, and distillate fuels, and a diesel engine option was offered for each. The larger engines were combined with the essentially unaltered powertrain of the earlier models, producing immediate problems with reliability, particularly with the 560, resulting in a public relations problem for International Harvester, and requiring replacement with new, redesigned powertrain components as part of

2025-479: Was standard, with fifth gear disabled on tractors that were delivered with steel wheels. Overall weight for single rear wheel tractors was about 3,800 pounds (1,700 kg). The W-4 was first produced in 1940. The industrial version was the International Harvester I-4. A McCormick-Deering O-4 was intended for vineyards and orchards, and had fenders and fairings designed to avoid snags on branches, with

#664335