60-515: Mahabali ( IAST : Mahābalī), also known as Bali , Indrasenan , or Māveli , is a daitya king featured in Hinduism . He is the grandson of Prahlada , and a descendant of the sage Kashyapa . There are many versions of his legend in ancient texts such as the Shatapatha Brahmana , Ramayana , Mahabharata , and several Puranas . According to Hindu literature , he was blessed to be one of
120-506: A Sanskrit literature scholar, attests that the "imprisonment of Bali" legend was well known by the 2nd-century BCE in forms of drama and poetry in ancient India . According to Tracy Pintchman – an Indologist, the festival has links to the Samudra Manthana legend found in Vedic texts. These describe a cosmic struggle between suras and asuras , with Mahabali as the king of the asuras . It
180-456: A boon that he could return to earth for one day in a year to be with his people, be worshipped and be a future Indra. It is this day that is celebrated as the Bali Padyami, the annual return of Bali from the netherworld to earth. Another version of the legend states that after Vamana pushed Bali below ground ( patalaloka ), at the request of Prahlada (described as a great devotee of Vishnu),
240-685: A day to see his kingdom. The town of Mahabalipuram in Tamil Nadu is also associated with him. In Hinduism in Thailand and Tai folk religion call him is Chao Krung Bhali (เจ้ากรุงพาลี). He is regarded as chief of deity serve as guardians of the earth . (พระภูมิเจ้าที่) deity guardians of the trees (รุกขเทวดา) and Tutelary deity . (เทพารักษ์) which deity these types same match with Grāmadevatā and Kuladevata in Hinduism ., statue of his most important located in Ho kaew sal Phra bhum (หอแก้วศาลพระภูมิ) which
300-433: A font, etc. It can be enabled in the input menu in the menu bar under System Preferences → International → Input Menu (or System Preferences → Language and Text → Input Sources) or can be viewed under Edit → Emoji & Symbols in many programs. Equivalent tools – such as gucharmap ( GNOME ) or kcharselect ( KDE ) – exist on most Linux desktop environments. Users of SCIM on Linux based platforms can also have
360-417: A form of Parvati), Gopuja (worship of cow), and Gouramma puja (worship of Gauri – another form of Parvati). Before worship of cows, on this day, the goushala (cowshed) is also ceremoniously cleaned. On this day, a triangular shaped image of Bali, made out of cow-dung is placed over a wooden plank designed with colourful Kolam decorations and bedecked with marigold flowers and worshipped. Bali Pratipada
420-613: A game called pachikalu (dice game), which is linked to a legend. It is believed that god Shiva and his consort Parvati played this game on this festival day when Parvati won. Following this, their son Kartikeya played with Parvati and defeated her. Thereafter, his brother, the elephant-headed god of wisdom Ganesha played with him and won the dice game. But now this gambling game is played only by family members, symbolically, with cards. The farming community celebrates this festival, particularly in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, by performing Kedaragauri vratam (worship of goddess KedaraGauri –
480-502: A lunar fortnight). It is also called the Akashadipa (lights of the sky). The Balipratipada and Bali-related scripture is ancient. The earliest mention of Bali's story is found in the c. 2nd-century BCE Mahābhāṣya of Patanjali on Panini 's Astadhyayi 3.1.26. It states that "Balim bandhayati" refers to a person reciting the Bali legend or acting it out on a stage. This, states P.V. Kane –
540-510: A millennium. Bali is also featured in the Ramayana where Ravana tries to free him from Patala, but is unable to. Mahabhali had a wife named Vindhyavalli, who was also referred to as Ashrama. With her he had many sons, including the Shiva devotee Bana (Banasura) and Namasu (Prince Namuchi). It is believed that Vindhyavalli once saved Bana from the wrath of Krishna . King Mahabali is also found in
600-707: A modifier key to type letters with diacritical marks. For example, alt + a = ā. How this is set up varies by operating system. Linux/Unix and BSD desktop environments allow one to set up custom keyboard layouts and switch them by clicking a flag icon in the menu bar. macOS One can use the pre-installed US International keyboard, or install Toshiya Unebe's Easy Unicode keyboard layout. Microsoft Windows Windows also allows one to change keyboard layouts and set up additional custom keyboard mappings for IAST. This Pali keyboard installer made by Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator (MSKLC) supports IAST (works on Microsoft Windows up to at least version 10, can use Alt button on
660-458: A novel means to help the suras . Bali announced that he will perform Yajna (homa sacrifices) and grant anyone any gift they want during the Yajna . Vishnu took the avatar of a dwarf Brahmin called Vamana and approached Bali. The king offered anything to the boy – gold, cows, elephants, villages, food, whatever he wished. The boy said that one must not seek more than one needs, and all he needs
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#1733093294723720-539: A rice flour based dish is prepared on this day. This day is simply known as Raja Bali in Jammu region. Women prepare murtis of Raja Bali using wheat dough and later on Bali Puja is performed. These murtis are then immersed in water after Puja . Onam is a major festival of Kerala based on the same scriptures, but observed in August–September. In the contemporary era, it commemorates Mahabali. Celebrations include
780-512: A vegetarian feast, gift giving, parades featuring Bali and Vishnu avataras, floor decorations and community sports. According to A.M. Kurup, the history of Onam festival as evidenced by literature and inscriptions found in Kerala suggest "Onam was a temple-based community festival celebrated over a period". The festivities of Onam are found in Maturaikkāñci – a Sangam era Tamil poem, which mentions
840-462: Is Spirit house for deity guardian of Grand Palace which is on the side of Phra Thinang Chai Chumpol but located in the area of the Inner royal Court (accommodation of Consort , concubine with daughter unmarried and woman attendant)., Him will receive special worship during the old Thai new year festival (เทศกาลตรุษไทย) according Lunar calendar (around the end of the month March to early April) before
900-487: Is a mantra that is featured in Hindu literature : अश्वत्थामा बलिर्व्यासो हनुमांश्च विभीषण:। कृप: परशुरामश्च सप्तैतै चिरञ्जीविन:॥ सप्तैतान् संस्मरेन्नित्यं मार्कण्डेयमथाष्टमम्। जीवेद्वर्षशतं सोपि सर्वव्याधिविवर्जितः॥ aśvatthāmā balirvyāsō hanumāṁśca vibhīṣaṇaḥ। kṛpaḥ paraśurāmaśca saptaitai cirañjīvinaḥ॥ saptaitān saṁsmarēnnityaṁ mārkaṇḍēyamathāṣṭamam। jīvēdvarṣaśataṁ sopi sarvavyādhivivarjitaḥ॥ The mantra states that
960-435: Is actually glottal , not velar . Some letters are modified with diacritics : Long vowels are marked with an overline (often called a macron ). Vocalic (syllabic) consonants, retroflexes and ṣ ( / ʂ ~ ɕ ~ʃ/ ) have an underdot . One letter has an overdot: ṅ ( /ŋ/ ). One has an acute accent : ś ( /ʃ/ ). One letter has a line below: ḻ ( / ɭ / ) (Vedic). Unlike ASCII -only romanisations such as ITRANS or Harvard-Kyoto ,
1020-466: Is also known as Barlaj in Himachal Pradesh . Barlaj is corruption of word Bali Raj. Vishnu and his devotee Bali is worshipped on this day. Bali, the grandson of Prahlada is believed to visit earth on this day. Folk songs of Vamana are also sung this day. Farmers do not use plough on this day and artisans worship their tools and implements on this day in honour of Vishvakarma . Ekaloo ,
1080-551: Is also mentioned in Jain inscriptions, where the patron compares the defeated evil opponents of the current king to Mahabali. For example, in the Girnar inscriptions of Gujarat dated to about 1231 CE (1288 Vikrama era), minister Vastupala of the Chaulukya dynasty is praised as a great king by Jains, and the inscriptions connect him to Mahabali because Vastupala gave much charity. Some excerpts from
1140-654: Is based on a scheme that emerged during the 19th century from suggestions by Charles Trevelyan , William Jones , Monier Monier-Williams and other scholars, and formalised by the Transliteration Committee of the Geneva Oriental Congress , in September 1894. IAST makes it possible for the reader to read the Indic text unambiguously, exactly as if it were in the original Indic script. It is this faithfulness to
1200-468: Is celebrated in Maharashtra , Karnataka , Gujarat , Telangana , and Andhra Pradesh as Balipratipada , Balipadyami , or Bali padva (the third day of Deepavali and first day of Kartika month). Mahabali is described in early Hindu texts as a benevolent and generous king. He ruled without discrimination, and his people were honest, healthy, and happy under his rule. Mahabali also temporarily possessed
1260-612: Is found in the c. 2nd-century BCE Mahābhāṣya of Patanjali on Panini 's Astadhyayi 3.1.26. The festival has links to the Vedic era sura-asura Samudra Manthana that revealed goddess Lakshmi and where Bali was the king of the asuras . The festivities find mention in the Mahabharata , the Ramayana , and several major Puranas , such as the Brahma Purana , Kurma Purana , Matsya Purana and others. Balipratipada commemorates
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#17330932947231320-429: Is lunisolar but most festival dates are specified using the lunar portion of the calendar. A lunar day is uniquely identified by three calendar elements: māsa (lunar month), pakṣa (lunar fortnight) and tithi (lunar day). Furthermore, when specifying the masa, one of two traditions are applicable, viz. amānta / pūrṇimānta . If a festival falls in the waning phase of the moon, these two traditions identify
1380-412: Is remembered fondly as a great and benevolent king. Keralites celebrate the festival Onam to commemorate the glorious days of Mahabali. They believe that Mahabali, once ruled Kerala. During Onam, the asura king is believed to return to see his people. In Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana, several people believe that Mahabali was an ancient king. Special puja is offered during
1440-768: Is resting in patala , Vishnu gave his responsibility of running the world to Shiva . Those four months, during which Vishnu rests and Shiva runs the world, are known as Chaturmas . In this way, Mahabali played an important part in the start of Chaturmas. According to one story, Vishnu granted Bali a boon whereby he could return to his homeland once every year. The harvest festivals of Balipratipada and Onam are celebrated to mark his yearly homecoming. Literature and inscriptions in Hindu temples suggest that these festivals, featuring colourful decorations, lighted lamps, gift giving, feasts and community events, have been popular in India for more than
1500-602: Is the first (or 16th) day of the Hindu month of Kartika and is the first day of its bright lunar fortnight . In many parts of India such as Gujarat and Rajasthan, it is the regional traditional New Year Day in Vikram Samvat and also called the Bestu Varas or Varsha Pratipada . This is the half amongst the three and a half Muhūrtas in a year. Balipratipada is an ancient festival. The earliest mention of Bali's story being acted out in dramas and poetry of ancient India
1560-467: Is the property right over a piece of land that measures "three paces". Bali agreed. The Vamana grew to enormous proportions, metamorphosing into the Trivikrama form, and covered everything Bali ruled over in just two paces. For the third pace, Bali offered his own head to Vishnu who pushed him into the realm of Patala (nether world). Pleased with the dedication and integrity of Bali, Vishnu granted him
1620-712: Is this legendary churning of cosmic ocean that created Lakshmi – the goddess worshipped on Diwali. The remembrance and festivities associated with Lakshmi and Mahabali during Diwali are linked. The festivities related to Bali and Balipratipada find mention in the Vanaparva 28.2 of the Mahabharata , the Ramayana , and several major Puranas , such as the Brahma purana (chapter 73), Kurma purana (chapter 1), Matsya purana (chapters 245 and 246), and others. The Hindu text Dharmasindhu in its discussions of Diwali states that day after
1680-410: The amrita (nectar of eternal life) obtained by the asuras . The amrita allowed his subjects to bring him back to life after his death in one of the wars between suras ( devas ) and asuras . Mahabali was, thus, immune from death. After many wars, the invincible Bali had conquered heaven and earth. The suras (devas) approached Vishnu to save them from complete obliteration. Vishnu refused to join
1740-623: The Chiranjivi , a group of seven immortals, by the Vamana avatar of Vishnu and reigns in the Sutaloka. It is believed that Mahabali will become the King of Svarga (heaven) in the next yuga . In Kerala , Mahabali is considered to be the noblest and most prosperous ruler, who transformed his kingdom into a heavenly place. His legend is a major part of the annual festival Onam in the state of Kerala , and it
1800-753: The ISO 15919 standard for transliterating Indic scripts emerged in 2001 from the standards and library worlds. For the most part, ISO 15919 follows the IAST scheme, departing from it only in minor ways (e.g., ṃ/ṁ and ṛ/r̥)—see comparison below. The Indian National Library at Kolkata romanization , intended for the romanisation of all Indic scripts , is an extension of IAST. The IAST letters are listed with their Devanagari equivalents and phonetic values in IPA , valid for Sanskrit , Hindi and other modern languages that use Devanagari script, but some phonological changes have occurred: * H
1860-625: The Songkran festival ., by inviting statue of his with statue other in Spirit house for deity guardian Grand Palace ., Come to worship with Siam Devadhiraj which was regarded as the chairman of chief deity guardian of Grand Palace ., which accompanying ceremony in Phra Thinang Phaisan Thaksin annually by Monarchy of Thailand or agent of Monarchy of Thailand . As for the Tai folk religion He
Mahabali - Misplaced Pages Continue
1920-467: The bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara that occurred during the life of the Buddha Viśvabhū . Bali relates his story of being imprisoned in the underworld by Nārāyaṇa . The asura king repents for his misdeeds and praises the qualities of Avalokiteśvara and the pure land Sukhāvatī . Avalokiteśvara bestows a prediction that Bali will someday become a fully awakended buddha named Śrī who will lead the asuras in
1980-460: The Dharma. Bali offers Avalokiteśvara "strings of pearls worth a hundred thousand silver coins and diadems adorned with various jewels." Before leaving his abode, Avalokiteśvara gives a teaching about how humans must leave Jambudvīpa upon death and are subject to the punishments of King Yama in hell. He then tells Bali of the importance of cultivating merit in this life. For people in Kerala, Mahabali
2040-583: The Diwali night, Balipratipada is one of three most auspicious dates in the year. It recommends an oil bath and a worship of Bali. His icon along with his wife's should be drawn on the floor with five colored powder and flowers. Fruits and food should be offered to Bali, according to Bhavisyottra , and drama or other community spectacles should be organized. The Hindu texts suggest that the devout should light lamps, wear new clothes, tie auspicious threads or wear garland, thank their tools of art, decorate and pray before
2100-445: The annual return of Bali to earth and the victory of Vamana , the dwarf avatar of the god Vishnu . It marks the victory of Vishnu over Bali and all asuras, through his metamorphosis into Vamana-Trivikrama. At the time of his defeat, Bali was already a Vishnu-devotee and a benevolent ruler over a peaceful, prosperous kingdom. Vishnu's victory over Bali using "three steps" ended the war. According to Hindu scriptures, Bali asked for and
2160-542: The area of Sanskrit studies make use of free OpenType fonts such as FreeSerif or Gentium , both of which have complete support for the full repertoire of conjoined diacritics in the IAST character set. Released under the GNU FreeFont or SIL Open Font License , respectively, such fonts may be freely shared and do not require the person reading or editing a document to purchase proprietary software to make use of its associated fonts. Balipratipada The Hindu calendar
2220-526: The consumer edition since XP. This is limited to characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP). Characters are searchable by Unicode character name, and the table can be limited to a particular code block. More advanced third-party tools of the same type are also available (a notable freeware example is BabelMap ). macOS provides a "character palette" with much the same functionality, along with searching by related characters, glyph tables in
2280-414: The cows and bulls, organize delightful community sports ( kaumudi-mahotsava ) in temple or palace grounds such as pulling tug-of-war ropes. Bali was Prahlada's grandson. He came to power by defeating the gods ( Devas ), and taking over the three worlds. Bali, an Asura king was well known for his bravery, uprightness and dedication to god Vishnu. Bali had amassed vast territories and was invincible. He
2340-530: The devas in violence against Mahabali, because Mahabali is a benevolent king and his own devotee. To restore the natural order, he incarnated as the dwarf Brahmin avatar, Vamana . While Mahabali was performing the ashvamedha sacrifice to celebrate his victories and giving away gifts to everyone, Vamana approached him and requested "three steps of land". Mahabali granted him this gift, despite warnings from Shukra , who had realised Vamana's true identity. Vamana then metamorphosed into Vishnu's colossal trivikrama form,
2400-525: The diacritics used for IAST allow capitalisation of proper names. The capital variants of letters never occurring word-initially ( Ṇ Ṅ Ñ Ṝ Ḹ ) are useful only when writing in all-caps and in Pāṇini contexts for which the convention is to typeset the IT sounds as capital letters. For the most part, IAST is a subset of ISO 15919 that merges the retroflex (underdotted) liquids with the vocalic ones ( ringed below ) and
2460-465: The festival being celebrated in Madurai temples with games and duels in temple premises, oblations being sent to the temples, people wore new clothes and feasted. The 9th-century Pathikas and Pallads by Saint Sage Periyalawar, according to Kurup, describes Onam celebrations and offerings to Vishnu, mentions feasts and community events. Several inscriptions from 11th and 12th-century in Hindu temples such as
Mahabali - Misplaced Pages Continue
2520-510: The first foot encompassing all of heaven in one step and the earth with the second foot. When rhetorically asked where he might take his promised third step, Mahabali accepted his fate and offered his own head. Some Hindu texts state that Mahabali was banished to patala (netherworld), some state he was dragged there by Garuda , in others he entered heaven with the touch of Vishnu, while another version states he became Chiranjivi (immortal). Others even have Bali admitted into Vaikuntha , which
2580-466: The grandfather of Bali, Vishnu pardoned Bali and made him the king of the netherworld. Vishnu also granted the wish of Bali to return to earth for one day marked by festivities and his worship. The rituals observed on the Bali Padyami day have variations from state to state. In general, on this festival day, Hindus exchange gifts, as it is considered a way to please Bali and the gods. After the ceremonial Oil Bath , people wear new clothes. The main hall of
2640-434: The horns of cows and bulls are decorated, people gamble, or icons of Vishnu avatars are created and garlanded in addition. Balipratipada ( Sanskrit : बालि प्रतिपदा , Marathi : बळी-प्रतिपदा or Pāḍvā पाडवा, Kannada : ಬಲಿ ಪಾಡ್ಯಮಿ or Bali Pāḍyami ) is a compound word consisting of "Bali" (a mythical daitya king, also known as Mahabali) and "pratipada" (also called padva , means occasion, commence, first day of
2700-438: The house or the space before the door or gate is decorated with a Rangoli or Kolam drawn with powder of rice in different colours, thereafter Bali and his wife Vindhyavali are worshipped. Some build Bali icons out of clay or cow dung. In the evening, as night falls, door sills of every house and temple are lighted with lamps arranged in rows. Community sports and feasts are a part of the celebrations. Some people gamble with
2760-711: The inscriptions are: Mahabali is a common name and found in other contexts. For example, in Jain history, Mahabali is the name of the son of Bahubali, who was given Bahubali's kingdom before Bahubali became a monk. Bali appears in several Buddhist sutras, such as the Dānapāramitā Sūtra, the Ratnamegha Sūtra, and the Lotus Sutra ; where he is seen among the audience who listens to the Buddha's discourses. The Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra features an extensive dialogue between Bali and
2820-400: The mythologies of Jainism . He is the sixth of nine Prativasudevas (Prati-narayanas, anti-heroes). He is depicted as an evil king who schemed and attempted to rob Purusha's wife. He is defeated and killed by Purusha. In Jain mythology, the antagonists to Mahabali are the two sons born to King Mahasiva (Mahasiras): Ananda (the sixth Baladeva) and Purusapundarika (the sixth Vasudeva). Mahabali
2880-716: The opportunity to install and use the sa-itrans-iast input handler which provides complete support for the ISO 15919 standard for the romanization of Indic languages as part of the m17n library. Or user can use some Unicode characters in Latin-1 Supplement, Latin Extended-A, Latin Extended Additional and Combining Diarcritical Marks block to write IAST. Only certain fonts support all the Latin Unicode characters essential for
2940-507: The original scripts that accounts for its continuing popularity amongst scholars. Scholars commonly use IAST in publications that cite textual material in Sanskrit, Pāḷi and other classical Indian languages. IAST is also used for major e-text repositories such as SARIT, Muktabodha, GRETIL, and sanskritdocuments.org. The IAST scheme represents more than a century of scholarly usage in books and journals on classical Indian studies. By contrast,
3000-451: The privilege of serving him. However, when Goddess Lakshmi finds out, she does not approve. She goes to patala , makes Mahabali her brother, and requests him to let her husband come back to her in Vaikuntha. In response to this situation, Vishnu decides that he will visit Mahabali's palace every year and rest/sleep there for four months. To ensure that the world continues to function while he
3060-416: The remembrance of the eight immortals ( Ashwatthama , Mahabali, Vyasa , Hanuman , Vibhishana , Kripa , Parashurama , and Markandeya ) offers one freedom from ailments and longevity. IAST The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration ( IAST ) is a transliteration scheme that allows the lossless romanisation of Indic scripts as employed by Sanskrit and related Indic languages. It
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#17330932947233120-464: The right side of the keyboard instead of Ctrl+Alt combination). Many systems provide a way to select Unicode characters visually. ISO/IEC 14755 refers to this as a screen-selection entry method . Microsoft Windows has provided a Unicode version of the Character Map program (find it by hitting ⊞ Win + R then type charmap then hit ↵ Enter ) since version NT 4.0 – appearing in
3180-494: The same lunar day as falling in two different (but successive) masa. Balipratipada ( Bali-pratipadā ), also called as Bali-Padyami , Padva , Virapratipada or Dyutapratipada , is the fourth day of Diwali , the Hindu festival of lights. It is celebrated in honour of the notional return of the daitya -king Bali (Mahabali) to earth. Balipratipada falls in the Gregorian calendar months of October or November. It
3240-400: The short close-mid vowels with the long ones. The following seven exceptions are from the ISO standard accommodating an extended repertoire of symbols to allow transliteration of Devanāgarī and other Indic scripts , as used for languages other than Sanskrit. The most convenient method of inputting romanized Sanskrit is by setting up an alternative keyboard layout . This allows one to hold
3300-429: The third day of Deepavali and first day of Kartika month, which they call, 'Bali padwa', ' Bali pratipada', and 'Bali Padyami'. In coastal Karnataka, people offer a special dish to the being on a plate prepared with bamboo tree sticks, along with a lamp, and through the medium of a Tulu folklore song, request him to accept their offerings. People believe that on the third day of the festival, the king comes out of Patala for
3360-483: The transliteration of Indic scripts according to the IAST and ISO 15919 standards. For example, the Arial , Tahoma and Times New Roman font packages that come with Microsoft Office 2007 and later versions also support precomposed Unicode characters like ī . Many other text fonts commonly used for book production may be lacking in support for one or more characters from this block. Accordingly, many academics working in
3420-430: Was an even higher place than the realm of the devas. In other versions of the story, when Vamana asks where to place his next step, Mahabali offers his own head to him because he realizes that he is an avatar of Vishnu. Vishnu then sends the king to patala , but seeing Mahabali's gesture, he is pleased and wants Mahabali to ask for a boon. Mahabali wishes for Vishnu to stay with him in his palace in patala and give him
3480-489: Was benevolent and popular, but his close associates weren't like him. They were constantly attacking the suras ( Devas ) and plundering the gods who stood for righteousness and justice. According to Vaishnava scriptures, Indra and the defeated suras approached Vishnu for help in their battle with Bali. Vishnu refused to join the gods in violence against Bali, because Bali was a good ruler and his own devotee. But, instead of promising to kill Bali, Vishnu promised to use
3540-595: Was generally worshiped together with deity serve as guardians of the earth ., deity guardians of the trees and Tutelary deity . by his famous statue and Spirit house of him located in San Chao Krung Bhali (ศาลเจ้ากรุงพาลี) in Noen Phra sud district in Mueang Rayong district Rayong province which has been praised by indigenous people to be Tutelary deity guardian of community. The Sapta Chiranjivi Stotram
3600-496: Was granted the boon by Vishnu, whereby he returns to earth once a year when he will be remembered and worshipped, and reincarnate in a future birth as Indra . Balipratipada or Padva is traditionally celebrated with decorating the floor with colorful images of Bali – sometimes with his wife Vindyavati, of nature's abundance, a shared feast, community events and sports, drama or poetry sessions. In some regions, rice and food offerings are made to recently dead ancestors (shraddha), or
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