50-663: Matthew , Mathew , or Matt Turner may refer to: Sports [ edit ] Matt Turner (baseball) (1967–2019), American Major League Baseball pitcher Matt Turner (soccer) (born 1994), American soccer goalkeeper Mathew Turner (born 1988), South Africa-born English rugby union player Matthew Turner (chess player) (born 1975), British chess grandmaster Matthew Turner (cricketer) (born 1973), English cricketer Matthew Turner (footballer) (born 1981), English footballer Other [ edit ] Matt Turner, one of Jeffrey Dahmer 's 17 victims Matt Turner ( Neighbours ) ,
100-425: A bimodal curve for the number of cases; that is, it occurs most frequently in two separate age groups, the first being young adulthood (age 15–35) and the second being in those over 55 years old although these peaks may vary slightly with nationality. Overall, it is more common in males, except for the nodular sclerosis variant, which is slightly more common in females. The annual number of cases of Hodgkin lymphoma
150-402: A gallium scan may be used instead of a PET scan. The two main types of Hodgkin lymphoma are classic Hodgkin lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. The prevalence of classic Hodgkin lymphoma and nodular-lymphocyte Hodgkin lymphoma are about 90 and 10%, respectively. The morphology, phenotype, molecular features, and, therefore, the clinical behaviour and presentation of
200-454: A Hodgkin's lymphoma on the progression-free survival. Negative interim PET scan results may result in an increase in progression-free survival compared if the adjusted result was measured. Negative interim PET scan results probably result in a large increase in the overall survival compared to those with a positive interim PET scan result, Unlike some other lymphomas , whose number of new cases per year increases with age, Hodgkin lymphoma has
250-407: A few different ways radiation oncologists target the cancer cells. Involved site radiation is when the radiation oncologists give radiation only to those parts of the person's body known to have the cancer. Very often, this is combined with chemotherapy. Radiation therapy directed above the diaphragm to the neck, chest or underarms is called mantle field radiation . Radiation to below the diaphragm to
300-488: A fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours Matthew Turner (physician) (died 1788), British physician, author and atheist Matthew Turner (shipbuilder) (1825–1909), American sea captain, shipbuilder and designer [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
350-458: A major concern, mainly gonadal dysfunction and growth retardation . Gonadal dysfunction seems to be the most severe endocrine long-term effect, especially after treatment with alkylating agents or pelvic radiotherapy. It is possible that patients undergoing a chemotherapy need a platelet transfusion. If a stem cell transplantation is necessary for the treatment of a relapse, graft-versus-host diseases might occur. Adding physical exercises to
400-621: A minor league contract with an invitation to 1995 spring training on December 15, 1994, but he did not pitch in the majors again. Following his major league career, Turner pitched in minor league baseball with the Wichita Wranglers (Double–A) and Omaha Royals (Triple–A), as well as the Wei Chuan Dragons of the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL), and Langosteros de Cancun and Acereros de Monclova of
450-486: A negative PET versus only 28% in those with positive PET scans. This prognostic method improves on FFP estimates based on the seven conventional factors. Several trials are underway to see if PET-based risk adapted response can be used to improve a person's outcomes by changing chemotherapy early in people who are not responding. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of negative (= good prognosis) or positive (= bad prognosis) interim PET scan results for patients with
500-611: A nodular aspect may appear. A fibrin ring granuloma may be seen. Microscopic examination of the lymph node biopsy reveals complete or partial effacement of the lymph node architecture by scattered large malignant cells known as Reed-Sternberg cells (RSC) (typical and variants) admixed within a reactive cell infiltrate composed of variable proportions of lymphocytes, histiocytes, eosinophils, and plasma cells. The Reed–Sternberg cells are identified as large often bi-nucleated cells with prominent nucleoli and an unusual CD45 −, CD30 +, CD15 +/− immunophenotype. In approximately 50% of cases,
550-676: A player to be named later (Earl Sanders) for Jim Clancy . On October 21, 1992, Turner became the first Triple–A player to sign with the Florida Marlins . Turner made his major league debut with the Marlins in 1993 coming out from the bullpen . In 55 appearances, he went 4–5 with a 2.91 ERA and 59 strikeouts in 68.0 innings . The Cleveland Indians acquired him on April 3, 1994, for Jeremy Hernandez. 1994 would be his last major league season. One highlight of Turner's brief MLB career occurred on April 13, 1994. In an extra inning Indians victory over
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#1733093052364600-566: A successor to Hodgkin at Guy's Hospital, was unaware of Hodgkin's prior work on the subject. Bright informed Wilks of Hodgkin's contribution and in 1865, Wilks published a second paper, entitled "Cases of enlargement of the lymphatic glands and spleen", in which he named the illness "Hodgkin's disease" in honor of his predecessor. Theodor Langhans and WS Greenfield first described the microscopic characteristics of Hodgkin lymphoma in 1872 and 1878, respectively. In 1898 and 1902, respectively, Carl Sternberg and Dorothy Reed independently described
650-399: Is 2.7 per 100,000 per persons per year, and the disease accounts for slightly less than 1% of all cancers worldwide. In 2010, globally it resulted in about 18,000 deaths down from 19,000 in 1990. In 2012, there were an estimated 65,950 cases and 25,469 deaths from Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide, with 28,852 and 37,098 cases occurring in developed and developing countries, respectively. However,
700-422: Is 42%. The adverse prognostic factors identified in the international study are: Other studies have reported the following to be the most important adverse prognostic factors: mixed-cellularity or lymphocyte-depleted histologies, male sex, large number of involved nodal sites, advanced stage, age of 40 years or more, the presence of B symptoms, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate , and bulky disease (widening of
750-405: Is another subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma distinct from classic Hodgkin lymphoma and is characterized by the presence of popcorn cells which express CD20 . Due to these differences, among others, NLPHL is often treated differently from classic Hodgkin lymphoma, including using rituximab in combination with AVBD chemotherapy, though individual cases vary and clinical trials are ongoing. The staging
800-418: Is by lymph node biopsy (usually excisional biopsy with microscopic examination). Blood tests are also performed to assess function of major organs and safety for chemotherapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) is used to detect small deposits that do not show on CT scanning. PET scans are also useful in functional imaging (by using a radiolabeled glucose to image tissues of high metabolism). In some cases,
850-412: Is most commonly found in the subtypes lymphocyte depleted HL (>70%) and mixed cellularity HL (70%), whilst being less prevalent in lymphocyte-rich HL (40%) and relatively uncommon by comparison in nodular sclerosing HL. For the other forms, although the traditional B-cell markers (such as CD20 ) are not expressed on all cells, Reed–Sternberg cells are usually of B cell origin. Although Hodgkin's
900-525: Is not as important as it is in non-Hodgkin lymphoma : the treatment and prognosis in classic Hodgkin lymphoma usually depends on the stage of disease rather than the histotype. The current approach for treatment aims to reduce the acute and long-term toxicities associated with Hodgkin lymphoma (e.g. cardiac damage and secondary cancers) and increase overall survival. People with early stage disease (IA or IIA) can be treated effectively with radiation therapy or chemotherapy. The choice of treatment depends on
950-532: Is now frequently grouped with other B-cell malignancies, some T-cell markers (such as CD2 and CD4 ) are occasionally expressed. However, this may be an artifact of the ambiguity inherent in the diagnosis. Hodgkin cells produce interleukin-21 (IL-21), which was once thought to be exclusive to T-cells. This feature may explain the behavior of classic Hodgkin lymphoma, including clusters of other immune cells gathered around HL cells (infiltrate) in cultures. Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL)
1000-477: Is the same for both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. After Hodgkin lymphoma is diagnosed, a person will be staged : that is, they will undergo a series of tests and procedures that will determine what areas of the body are affected. These procedures may include documentation of their histology , a physical examination, blood tests, chest X-ray radiographs, computed tomography (CT)/ positron emission tomography (PET)/ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of
1050-476: The Mexican League (LMB). Turner died on January 27, 2019, at the age of 51 after a fourth and final battle with cancer. Hodgkin%E2%80%99s Disease Hodgkin lymphoma ( HL ) is a type of lymphoma in which cancer originates from a specific type of white blood cell called lymphocytes , where multinucleated Reed–Sternberg cells (RS cells) are present in the patient's lymph nodes. The condition
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#17330930523641100-576: The mediastinum by more than one third, or the presence of a nodal mass measuring more than 10 cm in any dimension.) More recently, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) early after commencing chemotherapy has demonstrated to have powerful prognostic ability. This enables assessment of an individual's response to chemotherapy as the PET activity switches off rapidly in people who are responding. In this study, after two cycles of ABVD chemotherapy, 83% of people were free of disease at 3 years if they had
1150-462: The Angels, Turner pitched a perfect 10th inning to earn his one and only major league save. On May 26, 1994, he was placed on the 60 day disabled list as he was diagnosed with Hodgkin’s Disease . He requested and received his unconditional release on August 24, 1994, so he could be paid the remainder of his salary for the year as the players weren't getting paid while on strike. The Indians re–signed him to
1200-515: The CT scan and PET scan. On the basis of this staging, the person will be classified according to a staging classification (the Ann Arbor staging classification scheme is a common one): The absence of systemic symptoms is signified by adding "A" to the stage; the presence of systemic symptoms is signified by adding "B" to the stage. For localised extranodal extension from mass of nodes that does not advance
1250-735: The Reed–Sternberg cells are infected by the Epstein–Barr virus. Characteristics of classic Reed–Sternberg cells include large size (20–50 micrometres), abundant, amphophilic, finely granular/homogeneous cytoplasm; two mirror-image nuclei (owl eyes) each with an eosinophilic nucleolus and a thick nuclear membrane ( chromatin is distributed close to the nuclear membrane). Almost all of these cells have an increased copy number of chromosome 9p/9p24.1. Variants: Hodgkin lymphoma can be sub-classified by histological type. The cell histology in Hodgkin lymphoma
1300-468: The abdomen, spleen or pelvis is called inverted-Y field radiation. Total nodal irradiation is when the therapist gives radiation to all the lymph nodes in the body to destroy cells that may have spread. The high cure rates and long survival of many people with Hodgkin lymphoma has led to a high concern with late adverse effects of treatment, including cardiovascular disease and second malignancies such as acute leukemias , lymphomas, and solid tumors within
1350-463: The age, sex, bulk and the histological subtype of the disease. Adding localised radiation therapy after the chemotherapy regimen may provide a longer progression-free survival compared with chemotherapy treatment alone. People with later disease (III, IVA, or IVB) are treated with combination chemotherapy alone. People of any stage with a large mass in the chest are usually treated with combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Although no longer
1400-599: The age-standardized rates were higher in developed regions, with the greatest rates in the Americas (1.5 per 100,000), East Mediterranean Region (1.5 per 100,000), and Europe (2.0 per 100,000). The East Mediterranean Region also has the highest age-standardized mortality rate of 1.0 per 100,000, which is mainly attributed to lifestyle and environmental risk factors associated with transitional economies such as smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and reproductive behaviors, as well as availability of diagnostic practices and awareness of
1450-471: The cancer has become and whether or not it has favorable features. If the disease is detected early, a cure is often possible. In the United States, 88% of people diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma survive for five years or longer . For those under the age of 20, rates of survival are 97%. Radiation and some chemotherapy drugs, however, increase the risk of other cancers, heart disease , or lung disease over
1500-517: The care of Richard Bright , one was of Thomas Addison , and one was of Robert Carswell . Carswell's report of the seventh case was accompanied by numerous illustrations that aided early descriptions of the disease. Hodgkin's report on the seven cases, entitled "On some morbid appearances of the absorbent glands and spleen", was presented to the Medical and Chirurgical Society of London in January 1832 and
1550-510: The chest, abdomen and pelvis, and usually a bone marrow biopsy. PET scan is now used instead of the gallium scan for staging. On the PET scan, sites involved with lymphoma light up very brightly enabling accurate and reproducible imaging. In the past, a lymphangiogram or surgical laparotomy (which involves opening the abdominal cavity and visually inspecting for tumors) were performed. Lymphangiograms or laparotomies are very rarely performed, having been supplanted by improvements in imaging with
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1600-553: The classic form. Other risk factors include a family history of the condition and having HIV/AIDS . Diagnosis is conducted by confirming the presence of cancer and identifying RS cells in lymph node biopsies. The virus-positive cases are classified as a form of the Epstein–Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases . Hodgkin lymphoma may be treated with chemotherapy , radiation therapy , and stem-cell transplantation . The choice of treatment often depends on how advanced
1650-485: The disease. Hodgkin lymphoma accounts for less than 1% of all cancer cases and deaths in the UK. Around 1,800 people were diagnosed with the disease in 2011, and around 330 people died in 2012. In 2016, there were 8,389 new cases and 1,000 mortalities attributed to Hodgkin lymphoma, a decrease from the 8,625 new cases and 1,120 mortalities in 2015. As of January 1, 2016, the 5-year limited duration prevalence of Hodgkin lymphoma
1700-491: The disease. The number of cases of Hodgkin lymphoma is increased in people with HIV infection. In contrast to many other lymphomas associated with HIV infection it occurs most commonly in people with higher CD4 T cell counts. Hodgkin lymphoma accounts for 0.6% of all male cancer cases, and 0.4% of all female cancer cases in Canada. In 2017, approximately 990 Canadians will be diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma, and 140 will die of
1750-462: The elderly patient is not comparable to that of younger people and the disease is a different entity in older people where different considerations enter into treatment decisions. Recently, two novel targeted drugs have been developed for relapsing and refractory HL patients; Brentuximab vedotin, a CD30 antibody conjugated with a cytotoxic component MMAE, and the checkpoint inhibitors, Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab. This has been an important step in
1800-453: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matthew_Turner&oldid=1249615427 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Matt Turner (baseball) William Matthew Turner (February 18, 1967 – January 27, 2019)
1850-434: The lymphocyte predominant subtype has been recently reviewed. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of Nivolumab for patients with a Hodgkin's lymphoma e.g. on the overall survival. Increased age is an adverse risk factor for Hodgkin lymphoma, but in general elderly people (≥ 60 years of age) without major comorbidities are sufficiently fit to tolerate therapy with curative intent. Despite this, treatment outcome in
1900-425: The most effective combination, MOPP is still used after relapse or where the person has certain allergies or lung or heart problems which prevents the use of another regimen. The common non-Hodgkin treatment, rituximab (which is a monoclonal antibody against CD20) is not routinely used to treat Hodgkin lymphoma due to the lack of CD20 surface antigens in most cases. The use of rituximab in Hodgkin lymphoma, including
1950-425: The past few decades. Recent trials that have made use of new types of chemotherapy have indicated higher survival rates than have previously been seen. In a 2007 European trial, the five-year survival rate for those people with a favorable prognosis (FFP) was 98%, while that for people with worse outlooks was at least 85%. In 1998, an international effort identified seven prognostic factors that accurately predict
2000-588: The radiation therapy field. Most people with early-stage disease are now treated with abbreviated chemotherapy and involved site radiation therapy rather than with radiation therapy alone. Clinical research strategies are exploring reduction of the duration of chemotherapy and dose and volume of radiation therapy in an attempt to reduce late morbidity and mortality of treatment while maintaining high cure rates. Hospitals are also treating those who respond quickly to chemotherapy with no radiation. In childhood cases of Hodgkin lymphoma, long-term endocrine adverse effects are
2050-402: The stage, subscript "E" is added. Splenic involvement is signified by adding "S" to the stage. The inclusion of "bulky disease" is signified by "X". Affected lymph nodes (most often, laterocervical lymph nodes) are enlarged, but their shape is preserved because the capsule is not invaded. Usually, the cut surface is white-grey and uniform; in some histological subtypes (e.g. nodular sclerosis )
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2100-482: The standard treatment for adult patients with haematological malignancies like Hodgkin lymphoma may result in little to no difference in the mortality, the quality of life and the physical functioning. These exercises may result in a slight reduction in depression. Furthermore, aerobic physical exercises probably reduce fatigue. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect on anxiety and serious adverse events. Treatment of Hodgkin's disease has been improving over
2150-503: The subsequent decades. In 2015, about 574,000 people globally had Hodgkin lymphoma, and 23,900 (4.2%) died. In the United States, 0.2% of people are affected at some point in their life. Most people are diagnosed with the disease between the ages of 20 and 40. People with Hodgkin lymphoma may present with these symptoms: Hodgkin lymphoma must be distinguished from noncancerous causes of lymph node swelling (such as various infections) and from other types of cancer. Definitive diagnosis
2200-405: The success rate of conventional treatment in people with locally extensive or advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Freedom from progression (FFP) at five years was directly related to the number of factors present in a person. The five-year FFP for people with zero factors is 84%. Each additional factor lowers the five-year FFP rate by 7%, such that the five-year FFP for a person with five or more factors
2250-520: The treatment for the few, but still existing refractory patients. For Hodgkin lymphomas, radiation oncologists typically use external beam radiation therapy (sometimes shortened to EBRT or XRT). Radiation oncologists deliver external beam radiation therapy to the lymphoma from a machine called a linear accelerator which produces high energy X-rays and electrons. People usually describe treatments as painless and similar to getting an X-ray. Treatments last less than 30 minutes each. For lymphomas, there are
2300-460: The two types differ. Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (excluding nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma ) can be subclassified into four pathologic subtypes based upon Reed–Sternberg cell morphology and the composition of the reactive cell infiltrate seen in the lymph node biopsy specimen (the cell composition around the Reed–Sternberg cell(s)). Presence of EBV in Reed-Sternberg cells
2350-430: Was 37,513 representing 0.71% of all diagnosed cancers in the U.S. Hodgkin lymphoma was first described in an 1832 report by Thomas Hodgkin , although Hodgkin noted that perhaps an earlier reference to the condition was provided by Marcello Malpighi in 1666. While occupied as museum curator at Guy's Hospital , London, Hodgkin studied seven people with painless lymph node enlargement. Of the seven cases, two were under
2400-667: Was an American professional baseball relief pitcher who played in Major League Baseball from 1993 through 1994 . He batted and threw right-handed. In a two-season career in Major League Baseball, Turner posted a 5–5 record with a 2.79 ERA and one save in 64 games. Turner was signed by the Atlanta Braves as a free agent in 1986. Then he was sent by Atlanta to the Houston Astros on July 31, 1991, along with
2450-575: Was named after the English physician Thomas Hodgkin , who first described it in 1832. Symptoms may include fever , night sweats , and weight loss . Often, nonpainful enlarged lymph nodes occur in the neck, under the arm, or in the groin . Persons affected may feel tired or be itchy. The two major types of Hodgkin lymphoma are classic Hodgkin lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma . About half of cases of Hodgkin lymphoma are due to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and these are generally
2500-431: Was subsequently published in the society's journal, Medical-Chirurgical Society Transactions . Hodgkin's paper went largely unnoticed, however, even though Bright highlighted it in an 1838 publication. Indeed, Hodgkin himself did not view his contribution as particularly significant. In 1856, Samuel Wilks independently reported on a series of patients with the same disease that Hodgkin had previously described. Wilks,
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