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58-577: Tautoro is a locality about 8 km (5.0 mi) south-southeast of Kaikohe in Northland , New Zealand . Further to the south is the Awarua rural community. The eastern part of the locality has a hill Tautoro at 463 m (1,519 ft) in height, and Lake Tauanui which has sometimes also been given the locality's name. Tautoro has Ngāpuhi marae : In October 2020, the Government committed $ 90,424 from

116-531: A major programme for it. Auckland University of Technology (AUT) offers a 3-year Bachelor of Arts course with an NZSL-English Interpreting major. Differences in lexicon in New Zealand Sign Language have largely developed through the student communities surrounding five schools for the deaf in New Zealand: ^b Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information

174-619: A comprehensive NZSL dictionary by Victoria University of Wellington and the Deaf Association of NZ. It contains some 4000 signs (which correspond to many more meanings than the same number of English words, because of the way signs can be modulated in space and time), sorted by handshape, not English meaning, and coded in the Hamburg Notational System, HamNoSys , as well as pictorially. In 2011, Victoria University launched an Online Dictionary of New Zealand Sign Language based on

232-512: A full complement of staff was again employed at Kaikohe. When railcars were introduced on services north of Auckland in November 1956, they ran through Kaikohe all the way to Okaihau. Previously, a carriage train known as the Northland Express had run from Auckland to Opua with connections to Kaikohe and Okaihau via the mixed trains, but with the change of the northern terminus to Okaihau,

290-431: A language and much advocacy by deaf adults, parents of deaf children (both hearing and deaf) and educationalists, NZSL has since become — in tandem with English — part of the bilingual/bicultural approach used in public schools (including Kelston Deaf Education Centre and Van Asch Deaf Education Centre ) since 1994. Victoria University of Wellington has courses in New Zealand Sign Language, although it has yet to develop

348-788: A majority favoured captioned programmes. Many Deaf people felt they had been misled by the survey. There has been no regular programming in NZSL since. Between August 2012 to August 2013 the Human Rights Commission carried out an inquiry into the use and promotion of New Zealand Sign Language (NZSL). The inquiry has focused on working with key government agencies and the Deaf community around the inquiry's three terms of reference 1) The right to education for deaf people and potential users of NZSL. 2) The rights of deaf people, and other potential users of NZSL, to access communication, information and services, and

406-935: A population density of 826 people per km . Kaikohe had a population of 4,563 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 108 people (2.4%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 678 people (17.5%) since the 2013 census . There were 2,214 males, 2,337 females and 12 people of other genders in 1,353 dwellings. 1.7% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 31.0 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 1,263 people (27.7%) aged under 15 years, 963 (21.1%) aged 15 to 29, 1,719 (37.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 618 (13.5%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 35.4% European ( Pākehā ); 81.5% Māori ; 8.3% Pasifika ; 3.6% Asian ; 0.3% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 0.8% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English

464-817: A population of 1,920 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 144 people (8.1%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 573 people (42.5%) since the 2013 census . There were 1,152 males, 765 females and 3 people of other genders in 495 dwellings. 1.4% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 36.9 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 360 people (18.8%) aged under 15 years, 363 (18.9%) aged 15 to 29, 951 (49.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 249 (13.0%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 41.4% European ( Pākehā ); 76.4% Māori ; 7.7% Pasifika ; 1.9% Asian ; 0.2% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 1.4% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English

522-611: A roll of 286. It was founded in 1947 on the site of a former United States Army camp. The school incorporates a working farm and forestry block. A $ 14 million reconstruction of the school was completed in 2016–17. Kaikohe Intermediate School (years 7–8) has a roll of 125. It was established in 1969, taking over the grounds of the former Kaikohe Primary School. Kaikohe East School and Kaikohe West School are contributing primary (years 1–6) schools with rolls of 245 and 176 respectively. Kaikohe West School opened in 1882 as Kaikohe Native School. The name changed to Kaikohe Maori School in

580-523: A very strong claim to being New Zealand's first commercial dairy farmer . He milked a herd of cows and sold butter in 1834. To the west of the town is the Aperahama Anglican Church, named after Aperahama Te Awa. It was opened in 1885, a year after his death, and he is buried in the churchyard. It is on the site of an earlier church, built in 1837, and the existing memorial gates were erected and dedicated for that earlier church. The building

638-678: Is Northland's largest town . It is also the home of the Kaikohe Demolition Derby which featured in the "Kaikohe Demolition" movie filmed by Florian Habicht . The Twin Coast Cycle Trail, part of the New Zealand Cycle Trail project, runs through the town. Former New Zealand Prime Minister David Lange lived in Kaikohe for a time. Former New Zealand First Member of Parliament and brother of Winston Peters , Jim Peters ,

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696-454: Is a current resident. Christian Huriwai , winner of the street unicycling competition at the 2010 World Championships in Wellington , is a current resident. The New Zealand Kiwis rugby league player Olsen Filipaina was born in the town. Two professional boxers have lived in Kaikohe including Daniella Smith and Patricia Vaka . Northland College is a secondary (years 9-15) school with

754-670: Is a fully-fledged language, with a large vocabulary of signs and a consistent grammar of space. The New Zealand Sign Language Teachers Association (NZSLTA - formerly known as the New Zealand Sign Language Tutors Association) was set up in 1992. Over the next few years adult education classes in NZSL began in several centres. In 1997 a Certificate in Deaf Studies programme was started at Victoria University of Wellington, with instruction actually in NZSL, designed to teach deaf people how to competently teach NZSL to

812-415: Is a state-integrated composite school (years 1–13) with a roll of 160 The school has a Kaikohe campus and a smaller Kerikeri campus which opened in 1985 and 2004, respectively. All these schools are coeducational. School rolls are as of August 2024 . NorthTec polytechnic also has a campus in Kaikohe. New Zealand Sign Language New Zealand Sign Language or NZSL ( Māori : te reo Turi )

870-463: Is in an SA1 statistical area which covers 43.07 km (16.63 sq mi). The SA1 area is part of the larger Mataraua Forest statistical area. The SA1 statistical area had a population of 231 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 21 people (10.0%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 18 people (8.5%) since the 2013 census . There were 114 males and 120 females in 66 dwellings. 2.6% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age

928-410: Is registered as a place ".... of special or outstanding historical or cultural heritage significance or value...." by Heritage New Zealand . Kaikohe was an important location for the late 19th/early 20th century kauri gum digging trade. Also in the town is a Pioneer Village, a 19th-century Northland community recreated with all its colourful atmosphere, history and detail. Kaikohe was linked to

986-611: Is the largest inland town and highest community above sea level in the Northland Region . With a population of over 4000 people, Kaikohe is a shopping and service centre for an extensive farming district and is sometimes referred to as "the hub of the north". The town is situated on a relatively level site surrounded mainly by undulating plains and is nearby many former pā sites including Nga Huha, Pouerua , Te Rua-hoanga, Ngaungau, Kaiaia, Te Tou o Roro, Taka-poruruku, Tapa-huarau, Nga Puke-pango, Maunga-turoto, and Maunga-kawakawa. On

1044-580: Is the main language of the deaf community in New Zealand . It became an official language of New Zealand in April 2006 under the New Zealand Sign Language Act 2006. The purpose of the act was to create rights and obligations in the use of NZSL throughout the legal system and to ensure that the Deaf community had the same access to government information and services as everybody else. According to

1102-686: The 2018 census , and an increase of 60 people (12.6%) since the 2013 census . There were 270 males and 270 females in 177 dwellings. 2.2% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 39.9 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 117 people (21.8%) aged under 15 years, 99 (18.4%) aged 15 to 29, 231 (43.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 93 (17.3%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 40.2% European ( Pākehā ); 74.9% Māori ; 6.7% Pasifika ; 1.1% Asian ; 0.6% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 1.1% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English

1160-553: The ACT party opposing, because the government was not providing funding for NZSL. It passed the third reading on 6 April 2006 by the same margin. The bill received Royal assent on 10 April 2006 and became law the following day. The use of NZSL as a valid medium of instruction has not always been accepted by the government, the Association of Teachers of the Deaf, nor by many parents. However, in light of much research into its validity as

1218-542: The Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade Te Maata Marae and Te Kotahitanga Marae , creating 12 jobs. The Awarua community has two Ngāpuhi marae: Tautoro can mean to stretch forward and there are two versions of how the Ngāpuhi ancestor Rāhiri , gave the name. Either at Tautoro he rested, stretching out his cloak string (tau: string; toro: to stretch) or his shoulder garment was burnt (tau: cord; toro: burned). Tautoro

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1276-549: The national rail network with the arrival of a branch line railway being built from Otiria on the North Auckland Line to Kaitaia , which opened to Kaikohe on 1 May 1914. The line continued north to Ōkaihau , opening on 29 October 1923 and eventually reached Rangiahua , although the section between Okaihau and Rangiahua was never handed over to the New Zealand Railways Department for operation and

1334-611: The 2013 Census, over 20,000 New Zealanders know NZSL. New Zealand Sign Language has its roots in British Sign Language (BSL), and may be technically considered a dialect of British, Australian and New Zealand Sign Language (BANZSL). There are 62.5% similarities found in British Sign Language and NZSL, compared with 33% of NZSL signs found in American Sign Language . Like other natural sign languages , it

1392-547: The Kaikohe Borough Council were elected on 20 August 1947. In the 1989 local government reforms , Kaikohe Borough re-amalgamated with Bay of Islands County and joined with Mangonui County , Hokianga County , Whangaroa County and Kaitaia Borough to create the Far North District . Kaikohe was selected to be the seat of the new district and the council's main headquarters are located in the township. During

1450-458: The Milan congress of deaf educators of 1880 (to which no deaf people were invited) that teaching should be oral only, and that sign language should be forbidden. (He would not even admit pupils who could sign, so only 14 were admitted.) This was the policy of the school until 1979. A documentary film about the school made in the 1950s makes no mention of sign language. Similar policies were maintained at

1508-457: The Sumner School, but the signing it used was "Australasian Sign Language" an artificial signed form of English . As a result, younger signers use a number of Australasian signs in their NZSL, to such an extent that some call traditional NZSL "Old Sign". NZSL was adopted for teaching in 1994. In 1985, Marianne Ahlgren proved in her PhD thesis at Victoria University of Wellington that NZSL

1566-477: The branch increased in importance. This proved to be short-lived; in July 1967 the popular railcar service was withdrawn due to mechanical problems plaguing the railcars. Passengers had to use the mixed trains, with significantly older rolling stock on a slower schedule. Demand decreased and the branch closed to passengers on 21 June 1976. In 1977, a relaxation of road transport laws led to a decline in freight traffic on

1624-410: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 108 (6.9%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 915 (58.7%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 507 (32.5%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 24,500, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 36 people (2.3%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15

1682-407: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 18 (10.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 99 (57.9%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 48 (28.1%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 25,500, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 3 people (1.8%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15

1740-414: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 252 (7.6%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 1,914 (58.0%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 1,080 (32.7%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 28,100, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 90 people (2.7%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15

1798-409: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 39 (9.3%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 240 (57.1%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 132 (31.4%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 27,500, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 12 people (2.9%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15

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1856-492: The first ten months of existence, just 1,500 tons of inbound freight was carried, with roughly half that carried outbound, and the decline continued to the point where in 1918 Kaikohe lost its stationmaster. Minimal services were offered, and although losses increased up to 1930, fortunes had somewhat improved by 1940, and by 1950 there was sufficient traffic to justify six trains each way a week. Two carried only freight, while four were mixed goods/passenger trains . At that time,

1914-551: The incident, the village became known as Kaikohekohe ( kai meaning food) but was later shortened to Kaikohe. Battles during the Flagstaff War (also known as 'Hōne Heke's Rebellion') were fought around Kaikohe: at Hōne Heke 's pā at Puketutu on the shores of Lake Ōmāpere; followed by a battle at Te Ahuahu ; with the warriors of Te Ruki Kawiti fighting the Battle of Ōhaeawai . St. Michael's Anglican Church in nearby Ngāwhā Springs

1972-533: The line and forestry proposals that would have required a railway service failed to eventuate. Scheduled trains were cancelled beyond Kaikohe on 12 August 1983, and for a little over four years the line was shunted when required. The branch closed on 1 November 1987 and the track has been lifted. The rail corridor through Kaikohe is still owned by the New Zealand Railways Corporation , being retained in case any forestry proposals come to fruition and

2030-577: The line never reached Kaitaia. The line between Okaihau and Rangiahua was operated for a short time by the Public Works Department before being closed and dismantled during World War II. The railway through Kaikohe thus became known as the Okaihau Branch . Although Kaikohe became the service centre of the Far North, it failed to generate much rail traffic in the early years of the line. During

2088-483: The mid-1950s, and to the current name in 1969. Kaikohe East School has a Māori unit offering bilingual and total immersion classes. Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Kaikohe is a composite (years 1–15) school with a roll of 211. It is a Kura Kaupapa Māori school which teaches fully in the Māori language through to Year 13. The school originated in the early 1990s and opened on its present site about 2003. Kaikohe Christian School

2146-526: The need for sign language interpreters. Other than a one-off course run in 1985, this was the first time a professional training programme with a qualification was offered in New Zealand. Many of those who have gone on to work as professional NZSL interpreters began their journey in NZSL community classes taught by members of the NZSLTA. An important step toward the recognition of NZSL was the publication in 1998 of

2204-399: The original 1998 work, which includes video clips of each sign with examples and the ability to search for signs based on features of the sign (handshape, location, etc.) as well as the sign's English gloss. For some years, TVNZ broadcast a weekly news programme, "News Review", interpreted in NZSL. This was discontinued in 1993 after a joint survey of deaf and hearing-impaired people found

2262-635: The period of the Kaikohe Borough Council from 1947 to 1989, Kaikohe had at least five mayors. The following is an incomplete list: Kaikohe is the geographical centre of the Far North. Within a 50 km radius are the Bay of Islands and the Waipoua , Puketi and Omahuta kauri forests . Also not far away are the Whangaroa and Hokianga harbours, the Waiomio limestone caves, many beaches and bays, and historic Kerikeri which

2320-517: The railway is again required, although it now forms part of the Twin Coast Cycle Trail. The Kaikohe area has three Ngāpuhi marae : From 1876, Kaikohe was administered as part of Bay of Islands County . The town attained borough status on 1 July 1947, separating from Bay of Islands County, after a poll of Kaikohe electors saw a vote for the establishment of the borough of 207 votes in favour and 27 against. The first mayor and members of

2378-566: The right to freedom of expression and opinion, through the provision of professional NZSL interpreter services and other NZSL services and resources. 3) The promotion and maintenance of NZSL as an official language of New Zealand. The full report of the inquiry, A New Era in the Right to Sign , was launched in Parliament by the Minister for Disability Issues, Tariana Turia, on 3 September 2013. NZSL became

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2436-455: The schools at Titirangi and Kelston that opened in 1940 and 1958. Unsurprisingly, the children used sign language secretly and after leaving school, developing NZSL out of British Sign Language largely without adult intervention for over 100 years. The main haven for NZSL was the Deaf Clubs in the main centres. In 1979, "Total Communication" (a "use anything that works" philosophy) was adopted at

2494-598: The surface from the Ngawha geothermal field , and where the Northland Region Corrections Facility is situated. There are several volcanic scoria cones in the area, which are part of the Kaikohe-Bay of Islands volcanic field . Kaikohe is described by Statistics New Zealand as a small urban area. It covers 5.92 km (2.29 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 4,890 as of June 2024, with

2552-547: The third official language of New Zealand on 11 April 2006, joining English and Māori. The parliamentary bill to approve this passed its third reading on 6 April 2006. At the first reading in Parliament, on 22 June 2004, the bill was supported by all political parties. It was referred to the Justice and Electoral Committee, which reported back to the House on 18 July 2005. The second reading passed by 119 to 2 on 23 February 2006 with only

2610-542: The western edge of town, Kaikohe Hill rises 300 m above sea level, allowing views of the imposing sand dunes on the Hokianga Harbour to the west, farmlands to the east and south toward Mount Hikurangi (625 m). To the north of the Putahi volcanic ridge is Lake Ōmāpere , five km in length, but only two to three metres deep. Around five km to the east is the small village of Ngawha Springs , where hot water springs rise to

2668-636: The wider public. Also in 1992 an interpreter training programme was established at the Auckland Institute of Technology, now known as Auckland University of Technology . This programme was first directed and taught by Dr Rachel Locker McKee (hearing) and Dr David McKee (deaf) and came about due to lobbying by the New Zealand Deaf Community and others who recognised the need for safer and more professional interpreting services. They had as early as 1984 sought support for more research to determine

2726-416: Was 36.3 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 60 people (26.0%) aged under 15 years, 39 (16.9%) aged 15 to 29, 96 (41.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 33 (14.3%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 35.1% European ( Pākehā ); 80.5% Māori ; 6.5% Pasifika ; 1.3% Asian ; and 1.3% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA). English

2784-523: Was Dorcas Mitchell, who taught the children of one family in Charteris Bay, Lyttelton Harbour , from 1868 to 1877. By 1877 she had taught 42 pupils. When the first school for the deaf (then called the Sumner Deaf and Dumb Institution) was opened at Sumner, south east of Christchurch in 1878, Mitchell applied unsuccessfully for the position of principal. Instead it went to Gerrit Van Asch, who agreed with

2842-418: Was built on the site of the pā at which the battle took place. The warrior chief Hōne Heke settled in Kaikohe after fighting ceased, and died there in 1850. His grand-nephew Hone Heke Ngapua, MP for Northern Maori , also lived in Kaikohe. In April 1911, a monument to him was unveiled on Kaikohe Hill by Sir James Carroll , acting Prime Minister . A park in the town is dedicated to Rawiri Taiwhanga who has

2900-724: Was devised by and for deaf people, with no linguistic connection to a spoken or written language . NZSL uses the same two-handed manual alphabet as BSL (British Sign Language) and Auslan (Australian Sign Language). It uses more lip-patterns in conjunction with hand and facial movement to cue signs than BSL, reflecting New Zealand's history of oralist education of deaf people. Its vocabulary includes Māori concepts such as marae and tangi , and signs for New Zealand placenames (e.g., Rotorua – mudpools, and Christchurch – 2 Cs, represents ChCh. ) The early British immigrants to New Zealand who were deaf brought British Sign Language with them. The first known teacher of sign language

2958-473: Was spoken by 94.8%, and Māori language by 28.6%. No language could be spoken by 2.6% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 1.3%. The percentage of people born overseas was 9.1, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 33.8% Christian , 2.6% Māori religious beliefs , 1.3% Buddhist , 1.3% New Age , and 1.3% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 46.8%, and 14.3% of people did not answer

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3016-541: Was spoken by 94.9%, Māori language by 25.2%, Samoan by 0.6% and other languages by 3.2%. No language could be spoken by 3.0% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 1.4%. The percentage of people born overseas was 7.2, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 36.5% Christian , 0.6% Hindu , 0.1% Islam , 12.4% Māori religious beliefs , 0.2% Buddhist , 0.1% New Age , and 0.9% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 41.6%, and 8.5% of people did not answer

3074-514: Was spoken by 96.1%, Māori language by 24.6%, Samoan by 0.6%, and other languages by 1.7%. No language could be spoken by 3.4% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 1.1%. The percentage of people born overseas was 8.4, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 40.2% Christian , 2.2% Māori religious beliefs , 1.1% Buddhist , 0.6% New Age , and 1.1% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 45.3%, and 10.6% of people did not answer

3132-541: Was spoken by 96.6%, Māori language by 26.9%, Samoan by 0.6% and other languages by 2.5%. No language could be spoken by 1.9% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.9%. The percentage of people born overseas was 6.7, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 35.8% Christian , 0.5% Islam , 9.5% Māori religious beliefs , 0.5% Buddhist , 0.5% New Age , 0.2% Jewish , and 0.6% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 45.9%, and 7.5% of people did not answer

3190-445: Was that 1,263 (38.3%) people were employed full-time, 342 (10.4%) were part-time, and 273 (8.3%) were unemployed. The area around Kaikohe, from the southern side of Lake Ōmāpere to Kaikohe Airport and including Ngawha Springs , is the statistical area of Ngapuhi, which covers 175.14 km (67.62 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 1,990 as of June 2024, with a population density of 11 people per km . Ngapuhi had

3248-547: Was that 156 (37.1%) people were employed full-time, 48 (11.4%) were part-time, and 36 (8.6%) were unemployed. Tautoro School is a coeducational full primary (years 1-8) school with a roll of 162 students as of August 2024. The school celebrated its centenary in 2006. It was originally called Tautoro Native School. Kaikohe Kaikohe is the seat of the Far North District of New Zealand, situated on State Highway 12 about 260 kilometres (160 mi) from Auckland , and about 85 kilometres (53 mi) from Whangārei . It

3306-472: Was that 564 (36.2%) people were employed full-time, 159 (10.2%) were part-time, and 141 (9.0%) were unemployed. Originally a Māori village called Ōpango , Kaikohe is recognised as being the very heart of the culture of the great Ngāpuhi iwi . In the early 19th century a rival Māori tribe raided the village and fugitives subsisted among the Kohekohe (a native tree) groves on Tokareireia (Kaikohe Hill). After

3364-416: Was that 60 (35.1%) people were employed full-time, 18 (10.5%) were part-time, and 12 (7.0%) were unemployed. The statistical area of Mataraua Forest covers 272.81 km (105.33 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 600 as of June 2024, with a population density of 2.2 people per km. Mataraua Forest had a population of 537 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 30 people (5.9%) since

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