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48-530: The Matamec River is 66.5 kilometres (41.3 mi) long. It rises near Lake Cacaoni and flows from north to south. It passes through Lake Matamec less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from its mouth. The river is rich in fish. The mouth of the river is in the municipality of Sept-Îles in the Sept-Rivières Regional County Municipality. The river enters Moisie Bay to the northeast of the community of Matamec. The river takes its name from

96-643: A passenger rail service north to Emeril, Labrador (near Labrador City ) which continues northward towards its terminus in Schefferville, Quebec. Groupe Desgagnés operates the Bella Desgagnés passenger and cargo ship along the lower St. Lawrence from Rimouski to Blanc-Sablon from mid-April to mid-January. All terrestrial television stations in the Sept-Îles area are repeaters of stations and networks that originate elsewhere. These stations are available on

144-552: A Canadian organization that could take over the station and continue the research, but without success. The act had not explicitly prohibited logging, but had said the Ministry must consider the impact on the research program and salmon stocks before giving permission. When the research operation closed, the basin could therefore be opened up to logging. In 1975 the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute and INRS-eau made

192-410: A July high of 19.6 °C (67.3 °F); summers thus display stronger maritime influence than do winters. Precipitation is significant year-round, but it is lowest from January to March. The highest temperature ever recorded in Sept-Îles was 37.4 °C (99.3 °F) on 18 June 2020. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −45.6 °C (−50.1 °F) on 29 January 1913. The coldest temperature

240-409: A canoeist, the most common form of evacuation is by seaplane . Still, because of the narrow valley, some canoeists travel many kilometres to reach a spot for a plane to land. The railway crosses the river at the last whitewater rapid on the river, which is also the largest and the most well known. The rapids have been called train tracks because of their close proximity to the railway. A forest fire in

288-555: A distribution warehouse in 1959. With the iron ore business, the Sept-Îles deep-water seaport was second in Canada only to Vancouver in terms of yearly tonnage. The huge engineering project led to a major increase in population, and housing was quickly built to accommodate them. The town grew from 2,000 inhabitants in 1951 to 14,000 in 1961, and 31,000 in 1981. The decline in worldwide iron ore prices in recent decades has since caused employment and population to decrease. On January 11, 1986,

336-544: A few weeks. Winters are long, very cold, and snowy, lasting from late October to late April, but milder than more inland locations, with a January high of −9.8 °C (14.4 °F) and a January low of −20.9 °C (−5.6 °F). Overall precipitation is unusually high for a subarctic climate, and snow totals correspondingly heavy, averaging 384.6 cm (151.4 in) per season, with an average depth of 16 cm (6.3 in) annually or 37.6 cm (14.8 in) from December to April inclusive. Summers are mildly warm, with

384-557: A joint proposal to create an ecological reserve. The southern part of the watershed became an ecological reserve 25 years later. The reserve, which is mostly covered by pristine forest or wetlands, covers 184.86 square kilometres (71.37 sq mi). This is slightly more than a quarter of the watershed. As of 2015 the river basin included an ecological reserve, the Matamec Ecological Reserve ( Réserve écologique de la Matamec ), with strict IUCN category Ia protection. There

432-581: A large part of the river's watershed as an aquatic reserve and has prevented activities such as logging, mining , and power projects, but has permitted traditional uses such as hunting and fly-fishing. A map of the Ecological regions of Quebec shows the river's tributary, the Rivière aux Pékans, rising to the northwest of Fermont just west of the Spruce/lichen domain of the boreal zone, and flowing south through

480-540: A lodge and cabins scattered through timberland on the property. W. Gallienne was the first owner after Amory, and later sold it to J. Seward Johnson. In 1966 Johnson gave about 150 acres (61 ha) of land at the mouth of the river to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). The WHOI acquired the site at the river mouth in 1966 for Salmonid experiments. Also in 1966, the Quebec government created

528-475: A population density of 14.1/km (36.5/sq mi) in 2021. At the Census Agglomeration level in the 2021 census, the agglomeration of Sept-Îles (consisting of Sept-Îles, Maliotenam , and Uashat ) had a population of 27,729, living in 12,293 of its 13,878 total private dwellings, a change of -2.8% from its 2016 population of 28,534. With a land area of 1,750.44 km (675.85 sq mi), it had

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576-479: A population density of 15.8 people/km (41 people/sq mi) in 2021. In 2021, the median age was 44.4, and French was the mother tongue of 92.5% of residents. The next most common mother tongues were English at 2.8%, followed by Innu at 1.4%. 1.1% reported both English and French as their first language. Additionally there were 0.4% who reported both French and a non-official language as their mother tongue. As of 2021, Indigenous peoples comprised 4.2% of

624-442: A property at the mouth of the river in 1912. Copley Amory, an American, founded a boat building company where the hamlet of Matamec is today, and some families settled around the factory. There was a post office there from 1917 to 1941. Walter was a naturalist, and was interested in changes in the fish and game population, which sometimes caused great hardship to the local Innu. In 1931 Amory invited leading ecologists and geographers to

672-546: A safe haven for avoiding Hurricane Dorian . The Sept-Îles Airport has connections all over Quebec and Labrador. General aviation seaplanes are served by Sept-Îles/Lac Rapides Water Aerodrome . Air Gaspé was based in Sept-Îles, but acquired by Quebecair in 1973. In the 1980s, continued airline restructuring led to Quebecair's being acquired by CP Air in 1986, which in turn was taken over by Canadian Airlines in 1987. Tshiuetin Rail Transportation also operates

720-494: Is anorthosite , gabronite and granite . During the last ice age the area was covered in ice until around 9,000 years age, which left deposits of glacial till of varying depths throughout the region. When the icecap retreated the south of the basin was covered by the Goldthwait Sea to a maximum depth of 130 metres (430 ft). The sea retreated as the land rebounded from the weight of the ice, leaving deposits of sea clay in

768-591: Is 373 km. Moisie tributaries include: The origin of the name are unknown, but researchers have speculated that the river might have been named after an explorer or a settler since Moisy is a rather common surname in France . That is largely contested since there seems to be no proof of anyone with that name in the archives. Another popular theory is that it come from the Old French word moise or moyse , meaning "wet river bank." The Mishta-shipiunnu (" Innu from

816-713: Is a river in eastern Quebec . Known as the Nahanni of the East, it is a wild river of North America . It has been proposed to protect the river with the Moisie River Aquatic Reserve . The Moisie River basin lies between the basins of the Rapides River to the west and the Matamec River to the east. It covers an area of 19,273 square kilometres (7,441 sq mi). The Moisie flows south from Lake Opocopa near

864-551: Is a city in the Côte-Nord region of eastern Quebec . Along with Brador and Blanc-Sablon , Sept-Îles is one of the oldest places in the province. The population was 24,569 as of the 2021 Canadian census . The town is called Uashat , meaning "bay" in Innu-aimun . The city is well known for having major iron companies like Iron Ore Company of Canada and SFP Pointe-Noire iron ore transport service company. The city relies heavily on

912-500: Is also shipped at Point Noire port facilities. The Aluminerie Alouette , in activity since 1992, has a large part in the local employment since construction started in 1989. Since its major expansion that started in 2005, it is now the largest primary aluminum smelter in the Americas. As a service centre for northeastern Québec, Sept-Îles economy is also powered by many jobs in the services sector. Prior to its disestablishment, Air Gaspé

960-501: Is another proposed category 1a ecological reserve covering the north part of the river, and a proposed category VI reserve allowing sustainable use of the environment. The two category Ia reserves cover 546 square kilometres (211 sq mi), and the proposed category VI reserve covers about 120 square kilometres (46 sq mi). Sept-%C3%8Eles, Quebec Sept-Îles ( Quebec French pronunciation: [sɛˈt͡s‿ɪl] ; lit.   ' Seven Islands ' )

1008-593: Is to enable the various public and private bodies to enjoy a permanent structure, in the form of a one-stop shop, enabling them to work jointly on the development and promotion of the City of Sept-Îles and from its surroundings to international cruise lines. The main partners involved in the development of international cruises are the city of Sept-Îles, the Port of Sept-Îles , the and Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam . As of 2018, more than 55,000 international visitors have visited

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1056-604: Is under provincial jurisdiction, with some parts administered by the federal government or by individuals. There are two First Nations reserves in the area: Uashat in the western city proper, and Maliotenam in the east near the Moisie River. Sept-Îles has a subarctic climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfc ) bordering on a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) despite being located at around only 50 degrees latitude. The two main seasons are summer and winter, as spring and autumn are very short transition seasons lasting only

1104-504: The Cogeco cable system, which also offer a local cable channel, TVCogeco . The local Cogeco system also carries CBMT-DT ( CBC ) Montreal and CJBR-DT ( Ici Radio-Canada Télé ) Rimouski . Sept-Îles is not designated as a mandatory market for digital television conversion ; only CFTF-TV and Télé-Québec announced their intentions to convert all their transmitters to digital, regardless of location. Moisie River The Moisie River

1152-559: The Innu language matamek , meaning "trout". In an 1865 map of the canton of Moisie the Matamek River or Trout River is shown as the eastern boundary. The Geography Commission made the name Matamek River official in 1916. The form "Matamec River" was adopted in the early 1960s. The river basin cover 679 square kilometres (262 sq mi). It lies between the basins of the Moisie River to

1200-577: The James Bay Road . The only other settlements at higher latitudes in the province are mostly isolated Cree , Innu , or Inuit villages, with access limited to seasonal gravel roads. Sept-Îles is the seat of the judicial district of Mingan. The city is also home to the most highly attended recreational volleyball tournament in the province: the Tournoi Orange , which consists of 405 teams and close to 800 volleyball games. The first inhabitants of

1248-570: The Labrador border to the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River east of Sept-Îles , Quebec. The town of Moisie is located at its mouth. The river is 410 kilometres (250 mi) in length, which is calculated from the most commonly-used starting point of canoe trips , bridge of highway 389 over Pékans River (at 52°43′48.19″N 67°24′47.31″W  /  52.7300528°N 67.4131417°W  / 52.7300528; -67.4131417 )

1296-412: The iron industry . Sept-Îles has among the highest average wages and the highest average wage increases. It is among the northernmost places with a paved connection to the rest of Quebec's road network. The only settlements on the paved road network that are farther north are Fermont , Radisson and Chisasibi , the latter two of which are in the extreme western part of the province at the north end of

1344-676: The HBC store closed. During the early 1990s, some new jobs accompanied the construction and operation of the new Aluminerie Alouette inc. aluminum processing plant. Construction for Phase 1 began in September 1989, and operation started in 1992. Construction of Phase 2 began in 2003. In February 2003, the city amalgamated with the municipalitiess of Gallix and Moisie . The city includes the neighbourhoods of Arnaud, Clarke-City , De Grasse, de la Pointe, de la Rivière, Ferland, La Boule, Lac Labrie, Matamec, Plages, Pointe-Noire and Val-Marguerite. Located on

1392-581: The Matamek Conference on Biological Cycles. Charles Sutherland Elton , a prominent ecologist, was among the contributors, and Amory provided funding for Elton that was used to found the University of Oxford 's Bureau of Animal Population. In the mid-1930s Amory was forced to give up the Matamek operation due to business difficulties. Eventually the property was sold, and became a fishing camp for anglers, with

1440-707: The Matamek River Reserve, which limited public access and increased protection of Atlantic salmon and brook trout. In 1970 the whole of the Matamec river basin was given reserve status, under which hunting and fishing were allowed only for research purposes and on lands where the Innu people held trapping rights. At first the WHOI studied salmon in the lower river and the Matamec Lake, then expanded to include brook trout in other parts of

1488-520: The Moisie River") call it Mishta-shipu ("Great River"; mishau - ″big, great″ and shipu - ″river"). Like for thousands of years, they continue to use the river to reach their northern hunting and fishing grounds. Large parts of the river were also protected by private fishing clubs. There were recent attempts to develop hydroelectric projects on the Moisie. However, in 2003, the Quebec government protected

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1536-570: The area were varying cultures of aboriginal peoples. The Montagnais or Innu people, who call it Uashat ("Great Bay"), have lived there since before the time of European encounter. Jacques Cartier sailed by the islands in 1535 and made the first written record of them, calling them the Ysles Rondes ("Round Islands"). He was not the first European in the area, as he encountered Basque fishermen who came annually from Europe for whaling and cod fishing. Early European economic activity in Sept-Îles

1584-472: The eastern spruce/moss domain. The last section of the Moisie River flows through the fir/white birch domain of the boreal zone. The river is the most important spawning ground for the Atlantic salmon in eastern North America . The Moisie River is popular with experienced canoeists concerning its whitewater . It flows through a deep valley of glacial origin. The width of the valley varies considerably. At

1632-474: The lowlands, often now covered with ombrotrophic peat bogs. The Matamec watershed contains 31 lakes, ponds and bogs. Rivers and lakes are oriented along fracture zones, faults and breaks in the bedrock, and are usually surrounded by steep, rocky hillsides. Major tributaries of the Matamec river are the Tchinicanam and Rats-Musqués rivers. There are five waterfalls along the 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) stretch of

1680-461: The north shore of the Saint Lawrence River , between the Sainte-Marguerite and Moisie rivers , Sept-Îles lies on the shore of a deep-water bay fronted by a seven-island archipelago, about 230 kilometres (140 mi) east of Baie-Comeau . The bay constitutes a 45 square kilometres (17 sq mi) natural harbour. The seven islands referred to in its name are named: The archipelago

1728-536: The population identified as Catholic , while 22.5% said they had no religious affiliation. Muslims were the largest religious minority, making up 0.8% of the population. Iron ore concentrate from IOC activities in Labrador City are transported by the Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway and are shipped to many markets around the world from Sept-Îles port facilities. Iron ore from Wabush and Bloom Lake

1776-453: The population, mostly First Nations , and visible minorities accounted for 2.4%. The largest visible minority groups in Sept-Îles were Black (0.9%), Filipino (0.4%), and Latin American (0.3%). The area was home to 170 recent immigrants (i.e. those arriving between 2016 and 2021), who comprised about 0.7% of the total population. 105 of them were from various African countries. In 2021, 70.4% of

1824-400: The port of call. Cunard , P & O Cruises , Cruise and Maritime Voyages , Phoenix Reisen , Holland America Line , Oceania Cruises , Regent Seven Seas , Silversea , Saga Cruises , Crystal Cruises , Norwegian Cruise Line , Pearl Seas Cruises and Transocean Tours are among the clients of the port. On September 7, 2019, when Royal Caribbean Line made its maiden call overnight, this was

1872-543: The post. When the North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) merged in 1821, Sept Iles (also known as Seven Islands) became a HBC post. When its lease expired in 1822, it was closed. The post operated again from 1831 to 1859. The HBC opened a store in a new location in 1870. In 1875, the parish of Saint-Joseph-des-Sept-Îles was created, and in 1886, its post office opened under the English name "Seven Islands" (which

1920-556: The river from Matamec Lake and the Gulf. Lakes include Lake Matamec and Lake La Croix. Lake Matamec is 105 metres (344 ft) deep. Average annual temperature is from −1.5 to −1.9 °C (29.3 to 28.6 °F). A map of the ecological regions of Quebec shows the river in sub-regions 6j-T and 6m-T of the east spruce/moss subdomain. Vegetation includes boreal forest with virgin stands of black spruce ( Picea mariana ) and balsam fir ( Abies balsamea ). Walter Amory his son Copley Amory bought

1968-551: The spout of the river, the valley is very narrow, but it is wider in areas that are not obstructed by rapids. The views of mountains and cliffs have caused the river to be used for canoe camping . The Quebec North Shore & Labrador Railway follows the lower section of the Moisie River and provides access to the Quebec-Labrador plateau from which canoeists can reach its headwaters. The river's remoteness makes it have very few access points, and if an accident occurs involving

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2016-485: The watershed, and salmon in the nearby Moisie and Corneille rivers. Research also included limnology, sedimentology, hydrology and physical geography. During the research period the ministry built a salmon-pass on the Matamec River. Woods Hole closed their facility at the end of 1984. WHOI withdrew in part because of funding issues but also to focus on its primary mission of oceanography, and made every effort to find

2064-558: The west and the Loups Marins River to the east. The basin is partly in the unorganized territory of Rivière-Nipissis and partly in the municipality of Sept-Îles. The basin is on Precambrian shield. The bedrock is close to the surface in the interior, but is overlain by marine deposits in the coastal plain. The bedrock is in the Grenville Province . Metamorphic rock is gneiss , granitic gneiss and paragneiss Igneous rock

2112-525: Was based on fishing and the fur trade . In 1650, Jean de Quen founded a mission there, called L'Ange- Gardien. By 1658, a fur trade post existed there, established by La Compagnie des Habitants , and Louis Jolliet established another trading post in 1679. Great Britain took over Canada from France in 1763 after its victory in the Seven Years' War , and in 1802, the North West Company (NWC) took over

2160-515: Was built between 1950 and 1954 by the Iron Ore Company of Canada . Iron ore mined near Schefferville and Wabush , Labrador , was transported on this railway and shipped from the Port of Sept-Îles. Shipment of the important new commodity resulted in investments that turned this into a major port. In 1952, the HBC built a new store, which was extended in 1954, and expanded with a groceteria in 1956 and

2208-443: Was francized to "Sept-Îles" in 1933). Lacking road access at the time, the town got its first pier in 1908. The City of Sept-Îles was incorporated in 1951, on the 300th anniversary of the first Catholic Mass held in the village. The modern Sept-Îles was built rapidly during the construction of the Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway , the 575 km (357 mi) railway link to the northern town of Schefferville . The railway

2256-497: Was headquartered in Sept-Îles. Since 2009, Sept-Îles has been part of the Saint-Laurent destination circuit, which has nine international cruise ports. On a larger scale, an alliance is being created with other ports in northeastern America and Canada under the auspices of Canada New England . The international cruises in Sept-Îles are led by the non-profit organization Destination Sept-Îles Nakauinanu.M The organization's mission

2304-448: Was recorded at Clarke City , which was the primary weather station for the area until records began at Sept-Îles Airport in September 1944. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Sept-Îles had a population of 24,569 , living in 11,272 of its 12,814 total private dwellings, a change of -3.3% from its 2016 population of 25,400 . With a land area of 1,742.88 km (672.93 sq mi), it had

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