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126-409: Casino Royale is a 1967 spy parody film originally distributed by Columbia Pictures . It is loosely based on the 1953 novel of the same name by Ian Fleming ; the first novel to feature the character James Bond . The film stars David Niven as the "original" Bond, Sir James Bond 007 . Forced out of retirement to investigate the deaths and disappearances of international spies, he soon battles

252-632: A masseuse in You Only Live Twice , and Scoular appears as Ruby Bartlett in On Her Majesty's Secret Service . Jack Gwillim , who has a minor role as a British Army officer, plays a Royal Navy officer in Thunderball . Caroline Munro , seen very briefly as one of Dr Noah's gun-toting guards, went on to play Naomi in The Spy Who Loved Me , and also appears with other models on the cover of

378-411: A natural 9 receives triple the amount of the bet as long as the banker does not have a natural 9 too. Winning with a natural 8 awards double while winning with a 7 or under is only equal to the bet. Players can request additional cards which are dealt face up; if it is a ten or a face card , they can reject it and ask for another. In an early version of this game, going over 9 with extra cards amounts to

504-454: A one-hour Americanized television adaptation for Climax! on CBS . In March 1955, Fleming sold the film rights of his novel Casino Royale to the producer Gregory Ratoff for $ 6,000 ($ 68,243 in 2023 dollars) after Ratoff had bought a $ 600 six-month option from Fleming the previous year. Ratoff commissioned Lorenzo Semple Jr. to write a script, but both men thought Bond was "unbelievable" and "stupid". According to Semple, Ratoff considered

630-669: A "bust" as in blackjack , later versions use modulo 10 arithmetic as in the other games. Beating the banker with a pair only awards an equal amount to the bet. When the deck is exhausted, the player to the banker's left becomes the new banker. Victoria is a variation of Macao where players are initially dealt two cards. American casinos are generating an increasing amount of their revenue from baccarat play. For example, in May 2012, Nevada only generated 18.3% of its total table gaming win from baccarat. However, in May 2013, this percentage increased to 33.1% and in May 2014 it rose to 45.2%. Baccarat

756-474: A US Army officer at the auction, had earlier played gangster Jack Strap in Goldfinger . Well-established stars such as Peter O'Toole and sporting legends such as Stirling Moss took uncredited parts solely in order to work with the other cast members. Moss played Evelyn's driver. O'Toole supposedly took payment in a case of champagne. Stunt director Richard Talmadge employed Geraldine Chaplin to appear in

882-402: A brief Keystone Cops insert. The film proved to be young Anjelica Huston 's first experience in the film industry as she was called upon by her father, John Huston, to cover the screenshots of Kerr's hands. It features the first theatrical appearance of David Prowse as Frankenstein's monster . John Le Mesurier features in early scenes as M's driver. In November 1952, several months before

1008-445: A card if one's hand totals between 0 and 4, inclusive, and always refuse a card if it totals 6 or 7. After the player finishes, the banker, in turn, decides either to accept or to refuse another card. Once both the banker and the representative player have made their decision, the hands are turned face-up and compared. If the player's hand exceeds the banker's hand when they are compared, each wagering player receives back their wager and

1134-450: A chase scene through Hamburg 's red-light district that results in Bond escaping disguised as a female mud wrestler . New characters appear such as Lili Wing, a brothel madam and former lover of Bond whose ultimate fate is to be crushed in the back of a garbage truck, and Gita, wife of Le Chiffre. The beautiful Gita, whose face and throat are hideously disfigured as a result of Bond using her as

1260-467: A convent. Back in London, Bond is named head of MI6. Bond is told that agents around the world are being killed by SMERSH due to their inability to refuse sex, and also that the " sex maniac " who was given the name "James Bond" when he (Bond) retired has gone to work in television. To confuse SMERSH and expose their masterplan, Bond orders that all remaining MI6 agents be codenamed "James Bond 007", and creates

1386-502: A desire by audiences to see exciting and suspenseful films. The espionage film developed in two directions at this time. On the one hand, the realistic spy novels of Len Deighton and John le Carré were adapted into relatively serious Cold War thrillers that dealt with some of the realities of the espionage world. Some of these films included The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1965), The Deadly Affair (1966), Torn Curtain (1966), and

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1512-620: A few minutes in the final scene. Supporting cast Casino Royale also boasts the greatest number of actors in a Bond film either to have appeared or to go on to appear in the rest of the Eon series – besides Andress in Dr. No , Sheybal appears as Kronsteen in From Russia with Love , Kwouk features as Mr. Ling in Goldfinger and an unnamed SPECTRE operative in You Only Live Twice , Roland plays

1638-659: A few years earlier in Some Like It Hot (1959). At the Intercon science fiction convention held in Slough in 1978, David Prowse commented on his part, apparently his big-screen debut. He claimed that he was originally asked to play "Super Pooh", a giant Winnie-the-Pooh in a superhero costume who attacks Evelyn Tremble during the Torture of the Mind sequence. This idea, as with many others in

1764-413: A matching amount from the bank, and the position of banker passes to the next player in order. If the banker's hand exceeds the player's hand, all wagers are forfeit and placed into the bank, and the banker position does not change. If there is a tie, wagers remain as they are for the next hand. If the banker wishes to withdraw, the new banker is the first player in order willing to stake an amount equal to

1890-545: A meandering, mostly laugh-free script." Metacritic , which uses a weighted average , assigned the film a score of 48 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating "mixed or average" reviews. Columbia first issued Casino Royale on VHS in 1989, and on LaserDisc in 1994. In 1999, following the Columbia/MGM/ Kevin McClory lawsuit on ownership of the Bond film series, the rights were transferred to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (whose sister company United Artists co-owns

2016-451: A push on banker bets. The game has two additional options, the Dragon 7 , a specific bet of a winning three-card 7 on the banker side, which pays 40-to-1 instead of pushing, and Panda 8 , a bet of a winning three-card 8 on the player side, which pays 25-to-1. Six decks of cards are used, shuffled together. Players are seated in random order, typically around an oval table; discarded cards go to

2142-457: A rigorous programme to train male agents to ignore women's advances. Moneypenny recruits Cooper, a karate expert, and meets an exotic agent known as the Detainer. Bond hires Vesper Lynd, a retired agent turned millionaire, to recruit baccarat expert Evelyn Tremble, whom he intends to use to beat SMERSH agent Le Chiffre, who has embezzled SMERSH's money and is desperate to cover up his theft before he

2268-426: A satire. The budget escalated as various directors and writers became involved in the production, and actors expressed dissatisfaction with the project. Released on 13 April 1967, two months prior to Eon's fifth Bond film, You Only Live Twice , Casino Royale was a financial success, grossing over $ 41.7 million worldwide, and Burt Bacharach 's musical score was praised, earning him an Academy Award nomination for

2394-603: A series of commercials featuring British model Twiggy . In its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, it set a record three-day gross for Columbia of $ 2,148,711. As late as 2011, the film was still making money for the estate of Peter Sellers, who negotiated an extraordinary 3% of the gross profits (an estimated £120 million), with the proceeds currently going to Cassie Unger, daughter and sole heir of Sellers' beneficiary, fourth wife Lynne Frederick . When domestic box office receipts are adjusted for inflation, Casino Royale

2520-427: A shield during a gunfight in the same sequence which sees Wing meet her fate, goes on to become the prime protagonist in the torture scene that features in the book, a role originally Le Chiffre's. Virtually nothing from Hecht's scripts was ever filmed, although a draft dated to February 1964 has a line of dialogue containing the idea of MI6 having given multiple agents the name of James Bond after Bond has died to confuse

2646-502: A staple of the explosion of spy movies in the mid-to-late 1960s. The phenomenal success of the Bond series leads to a deluge of imitators, such as the eurospy genre and several from America. Notable examples include the two Derek Flint films starring James Coburn , The Quiller Memorandum (1966) with George Segal , and the Matt Helm series with Dean Martin . Television also got into

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2772-665: A trend away from fantasy in favor of realism, as observed in Syriana , the Bourne film series and the James Bond films starring Daniel Craig since Casino Royale (2006). Some of the most popular films include: Movie series ( franchises ) One-shots, sequels and remakes Some of the most popular television series include: Classic era Modern era Baccarat Baccarat or baccara ( / ˈ b æ k ə r æ t , b ɑː k ə ˈ r ɑː / ; French: [bakaʁa] )

2898-735: A walking atomic bomb. Sir James, Moneypenny, Mata, and Cooper escape from their cell and fight their way back to the casino director's office, where Sir James establishes that Vesper is a double agent. The casino is overrun by secret agents and a battle ensues. American and French support arrives, adding to the chaos. Meanwhile, Jimmy counts down a series of hiccups, each bringing him closer to doom. The atomic pill explodes, destroying Casino Royale and killing everyone inside. Sir James and his agents appear in Heaven, while Jimmy descends to Hell. Major stars, such as Raft and Belmondo, were given top billing in marketing and screen trailers despite only appearing for

3024-564: Is 20th-largest grossing of the entire Bond franchise. No advance press screenings were held, leading reviews to only appear after the premiere. Roger Ebert , in his review for the Chicago Sun-Times , wrote "[t]his is possibly the most indulgent film ever made". Time magazine described Casino Royale as "an incoherent and vulgar vaudeville ". Variety declared the film to be "a conglomeration of frenzied situations, 'in' gags and special effects, lacking discipline and cohesion. Some of

3150-502: Is a card game now mainly played at casinos , but formerly highly popular at Victorian house-parties. It is a comparing card game played between two hands, the "player" and the "banker". Each baccarat coup (round of play) has three possible outcomes: "player" (player has the higher score), "banker", and "tie". There are three popular variants of the game: punto banco , baccarat chemin de fer , and baccarat banque (or à deux tableaux ). In punto banco , each player's moves are forced by

3276-508: Is a criminal mastermind only interested in espionage for profit. Additionally, several of Lang's American films, such as Hangmen Also Die , deal with spies during World War II. Alfred Hitchcock did much to popularize the spy film in the 1930s with his influential thrillers The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934), The 39 Steps (1935), Sabotage (1937) and The Lady Vanishes (1938). These often involved innocent civilians being caught up in international conspiracies or webs of saboteurs on

3402-457: Is a film of momentary vision, collaboration, adaption, pastiche, and accident. It is the anti-auteur work of all time, a film shaped by the very zeitgeist it took on." Romano Tozzi complimented the photography, sets and special effects, but viewed the film as "senseless parody—a disconnected hodgepodge of all the gimmicks and sex-ridden cliches imaginable." In his review of the film, Leonard Maltin remarked, "Money, money everywhere, but [the] film

3528-475: Is also very abruptly inserted; it consists of pre-existing footage of Evelyn being rescued by Vesper, followed by a later-filmed shot of her abruptly deciding to shoot him, followed by a freeze-frame over some of the previous footage of her surrounded by bodies (noticeably a zoom-in on the previous shot). As well as this, an entire sequence involving Evelyn going to the front for the underground James Bond training school (which turns out to be under Harrods , of which

3654-415: Is announced, and winning bets are paid out. Punto banco is a pure game of chance and therefore it is not possible for a gambler's bets to be rationally motivated. If neither the player nor the banker is dealt a total of 8 or 9 in the first two cards (known as a " natural "), the tableau is consulted, first for the player's rules, then the banker's. total The croupier will deal the cards according to

3780-477: Is executed. Following a clue from Agent Mimi, Bond instructs his estranged daughter, Mata Bond, to travel to West Berlin and infiltrate International Mothers' Help, an au pair service that is actually a SMERSH training centre. Mata uncovers a plan to sell compromising photographs of military leaders from the US, USSR, China, and Great Britain at an "art auction", another money-raising scheme from Le Chiffre. Mata destroys

3906-419: Is himself killed in the process. Bond returns M's remains (a toupée) to his widow, Lady Fiona McTarry, at M's Scottish estate. However, the real Lady Fiona has been replaced by SMERSH's Agent Mimi, and the household replaced with beautiful women in an attempt to destroy the true Bond's "celibate image". The women fail to seduce Bond, and Mimi is so impressed that she helps Bond foil the plot against him and joins

Casino Royale (1967 film) - Misplaced Pages Continue

4032-422: Is illustrated in somewhat fictionalised form in the film The Life and Death of Peter Sellers (2004), based on the biography by Roger Lewis , who has claimed that Sellers kept re-writing and improvising scenes to make them play seriously. This story is in agreement with the observation that the only parts of the film close to the book are the ones featuring Sellers and Welles. In the end, Sellers' involvement with

4158-429: Is immediately announced and the hands are turned face-up and compared. If neither hand is an eight or nine, the player has a choice to accept or refuse a third card; if accepted, it is dealt face-up. Traditional practice – grounded in mathematics, similar to basic strategy in blackjack, but further enforced via social sanctions by the other individuals whose money is at stake – dictates that one always accept

4284-408: Is initially determined via auctioning, i.e. is given to the player who will undertake to risk the largest amount. In some circles, the person who has first set down their name on the list of players has the right to hold the first bank, risking such amount as they may think proper. When a banker is determined, they sit opposite the croupier with the discard area between. On both sides of the banker are

4410-559: Is located atop a giant underground headquarters run by the evil Dr. Noah, who is revealed to be Sir James's nephew Jimmy Bond, a former MI6 agent who defected to SMERSH. Jimmy reveals his plan to use biological warfare to make all women beautiful and kill all men over 4 ft 6 in (1.37 m) tall, leaving him the "big man" who attracts all the women. Jimmy has also captured the Detainer, and he tries to persuade her to be his partner. She reluctantly agrees, but only to dupe him into swallowing one of his atomic time pills, turning him into

4536-456: Is paid on winning banker bets (rather than 95%), except when the banker wins with 6, which pay only 50% of the bet, goes under various names including Super 6 and Punto 2000 . The house edge on a banker bet under Super 6 is 1.46% compared with regular commission baccarat at 1.058%. This is equivalent to increasing the commission by 17.45% to 5.87%. The banker wins with a 6 about five times every eight-deck shoe. As well as its increased house edge,

4662-428: Is terribly uneven—sometimes funny, often not." Simon Winder called Casino Royale a "pitiful spoof", while Robert Druce described it as "an abstraction of real life". On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , 26% of 42 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 4.6/10. The website's consensus reads: "A goofy, dated parody of spy movie cliches, Casino Royale squanders its all-star cast on

4788-518: Is the earliest form of baccarat; it is a three-person game and mentioned in Album des jeux by Charles Van-Tenac. Later, Chemin de Fer emerged as a two-person, zero-sum game from Baccarat Banque . Chemin de fer is a version which first appeared in the late 19th century. Its name, which is the French term for railway , comes from the version being quicker than the original game, the railway being at that time

4914-496: Is the most important table game in Macau , with taxes from baccarat play constituting the largest single source of public funding in Macau . About 91% of total income from Macau casinos in 2014 came from the punto banco variation. The Tranby Croft affair in 1891 and William Gordon Cumming 's subsequent lawsuit were known together as the royal baccarat scandal , due to the involvement of

5040-469: Is therefore nine. Punto banco is nowadays the most played version of baccarat in the United States. In punto banco, the casino banks the game at all times, and commits to playing out both hands according to fixed drawing rules, known as the "tableau" (French: "board"), in contrast to more historic baccarat games where each hand is associated with an individual who makes drawing choices. The player ( punto ) and banker ( banco ) are simply designations for

5166-473: Is used early in the film. At the time, Barry was the main composer for the Eon Bond series, and said song had won an Academy Award over Bacharach's own " Alfie ". The cover art was done by Robert McGinnis , based on the film poster. The original LP was later issued by Varèse Sarabande in the same track order as shown below. It has been re-released under licence by Kritzerland Records and again by Quartet Records,

Casino Royale (1967 film) - Misplaced Pages Continue

5292-412: Is visited by M , the head of British MI6 , CIA representative Ransome, KGB representative Smernov, and Deuxième Bureau representative Le Grand. The four implore Bond to come out of retirement to deal with SMERSH , who have been eliminating agents, but Bond refuses, as well as chastising M for continuing to use his name for other field agents. M orders a mortar attack that destroys Bond's estate, but

5418-506: The Harry Palmer series, based on the novels of Len Deighton . In another direction, the James Bond novels by Ian Fleming were adapted into an increasingly fantastical series of tongue-in-cheek adventure films by producers Harry Saltzman and Albert R. Broccoli , with Sean Connery as the star. They featured secretive and flamboyant supervillains, an archetype that would later become

5544-487: The 2006 movie adaptation of Casino Royale , baccarat is replaced by Texas hold 'em poker , largely due to the poker boom at the time of filming. The card counting technique gained attention in 2012 when a casino in the United Kingdom refused to pay professional gambler Phil Ivey about $ 11 million because he had used edge sorting to gain an advantage. The same year, Ivey and a female companion won $ 9.6 million at

5670-541: The Borgata casino in Atlantic City using edge sorting and another $ 500,000 playing craps using his gains as a stake in the game. The Borgata paid him after his win but then sued Ivey in 2014 after surveillance video showed he had manipulated the dealer into rotating certain cards in the deck to exploit the flaw on the back of the cards. The Borgata prevailed and won $ 10.1 million, which Ivey refused to pay. In February 2019,

5796-520: The Italian Wars during the reign of King of France Charles VIII . David Parlett considers Macao as the immediate precursor to baccarat. Its name and rules suggest it may have been brought over by sailors returning from Asia where similar card games have been played since the early 17th century such as San zhang, Oicho-Kabu , and Gabo japgi . Macao appeared in Europe at the end of the 18th century and

5922-445: The action and science fiction genres, presenting clearly delineated heroes for audiences to root for and villains they want to see defeated. They may also involve elements of political thrillers . However, there are many that are comedic (mostly action comedy films if they fall under that genre). James Bond is the most famous of film spies, but there were also more serious, probing works like le Carré's The Spy Who Came in from

6048-566: The musical score , Feldman decided to bring in Burt Bacharach , who had composed Feldman's previous production, What's New Pussycat? . Bacharach worked for over two years writing for Casino Royale , in the meantime composing After the Fox and being forced to decline participation in Luv . Lyricist Hal David contributed with various songs, many of which appear in instrumental versions. Herb Alpert &

6174-471: The 10, jack , queen , and king have no point value and are thus worth zero; aces are worth one point; jokers are not used. Hands are valued modulo 10; i.e., according to the units digit of the sum of their constituent cards. For example, a hand consisting of 2 and 3 is worth five, while a hand consisting of 6 and 7 is worth three, that being the value of the units digit in the combined point total of thirteen. The highest possible hand value in baccarat

6300-728: The 1969 Pan Books edition of On Her Majesty's Secret Service . Milton Reid , who appears in a bit part as the temple guard, opening the door to Mata Bond's hall, plays one of Dr. No's guards and Stromberg's underling, Sandor, in The Spy Who Loved Me . John Hollis , who plays the temple priest in Mata Bond's hall, went on to play the implied Ernst Stavro Blofeld character in the pre-credits sequence of For Your Eyes Only . John Wells , Q's assistant, appears in For Your Eyes Only as Denis Thatcher . Hal Galili, who appears briefly as

6426-828: The Cold that also emerged from the Cold War . As the Cold War ended, the newest villain became terrorism and more often involved the Middle East . The spy film genre began in the silent era , with the paranoia of invasion literature and the onset of the Great War . These fears produced the British 1914 The German Spy Peril , centered on a plot to blow up the Houses of Parliament , and 1913's O.H.M.S. , standing for "Our Helpless Millions Saved" as well as On His Majesty's Service (and introducing for

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6552-406: The Detainer ( Daliah Lavi ). Charles K. Feldman , the producer, had acquired the film rights in 1960 and had attempted to get Casino Royale made as an Eon Productions Bond film ; however, Feldman and the producers of the Eon series, Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman , failed to come to terms. Believing that he could not compete with the Eon series, Feldman resolved to produce the film as

6678-457: The Super 6 variation is used by casinos for its speed, since it partially does away with the time-consuming process of calculating and collecting commission on winning banker bets except for winning with a 6. In a similar variation called EZ-baccarat , even money is paid on both winning banker or player bets, except when the banker wins with a total of 7 after the third card is drawn, which results in

6804-628: The Tijuana Brass performed some of the songs with Mike Redway singing the title song as the end credits roll. The title theme was Alpert's second number one on the Easy Listening chart where it spent two weeks at the top in June 1967 and peaked at number 27 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Alpert would later contribute a trumpet solo to the title song of the 1983 James Bond film Never Say Never Again , which

6930-754: The United States waned after the early 20th century. The game still has a following in Continental Europe , especially in Russia. Like Macao and baccarat, Victoria was banned in Russia during the 19th century though the rules continued to be printed in game books. Baccarat has been popular among the French nobility since the 19th century. During the Napoleonic era and before the legalization of casino gambling in 1907, people in France commonly played baccarat in private gaming rooms. Dating to this time period, Baccarat Banque

7056-528: The act with series like The Man from U.N.C.L.E and I Spy in the U.S., and Danger Man and The Avengers in Britain. Spies have remained popular on TV to the present day with series such as Callan , Alias and Spooks . Spy films also enjoyed something of a revival in the late 1990s, although these were often action films with espionage elements or comedies like Austin Powers . Some critics identify

7182-686: The actor to instead play a "little man", who plays Bond. Jean-Paul Belmondo and George Raft received major billing , even though both only appear briefly during the climactic brawl at the end, Raft flipping his trademark coin and promptly shooting himself dead with a backward-firing pistol, while Belmondo appears wearing a fake moustache as the French Foreign Legion officer who requires an English phrase book to translate " merde !" into "ooch!" during his fistfight. Raft's coin flip, which originally appeared in Scarface (1932), had been spoofed by Raft

7308-409: The bank stake, the banker does not need to put more money. In the event of their losing, the croupier pays the punters in order of rotation until the bank runs out of money. The remainders are returned. The banker may, however, choose to accept the bets and increase their own stakes anyway. If they do so, the bank becomes unlimited and the banker must either cover all bets posted by all players or give up

7434-501: The bank. Macao uses two decks of cards shuffled together. Punters place their bets (within the agreed limits) against the banker. Initially, one card is dealt clockwise and face down to every player by the banker. The punters' objective is to beat the banker's card value or risk losing their bet. In case of a tie, whoever has the same value with fewer cards wins. The banker wins if there is a tie in both value and number of cards (in an early version, all bets are off). Any punter who receives

7560-410: The bigger-is-better cinema", before adding, "It would have been a good idea to cut the picture drastically, perhaps down to the scenes featuring Peter Sellers and Woody Allen. In fact, I recommend you see it on television when it's in a two-hour (including commercials) slot. Then you won't expect it to make any sense." A few recent reviewers have been more impressed. Andrea LeVasseur of AllMovie called

7686-488: The budget was between $ 8.5–9.5 million, of which the cast cost $ 3 million. Sellers was to receive a percentage of the gross after the takings reached $ 17.5 million. Five different directors helmed different segments and stunt coordinator Richard Talmadge co-directed the final sequence. Feldman said that Huston contributed 38 minutes in the final cut, Hughes 25 minutes, McGrath 20 minutes, Parrish 20 minutes, and Guest 26 minutes. Huston's sequence involved Sir James Bond meeting

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7812-432: The car, à la The Pink Panther , to chase down Vesper and her kidnappers; the next thing that is shown is Evelyn being tortured. Outtakes of Sellers were also used for Evelyn's dream sequence (pretending to play the piano on Andress' torso), in the finale – blowing out the candles while in highland dress – and at the end of the film when all the various "James Bond doubles" are together. In the kidnap sequence, Evelyn's death

7938-425: The cards the player is dealt. In baccarat chemin de fer and baccarat banque , by contrast, both players can make choices. The winning odds are in favour of the bank, with a house edge of at least 1 percent. The origins of the game are disputed. Some sources claim that it dates to the 19th century, others that the game was introduced into France from Italy at the end of the 15th century by soldiers returning from

8064-401: The casino, and Evelyn is also kidnapped while pursuing her. Le Chiffre, desperate for the winning cheque, tortures Evelyn using hallucinogens. Vesper rescues Evelyn, only to subsequently kill him, while SMERSH agents kill Le Chiffre. In London, Mata is kidnapped by SMERSH in a giant flying saucer , and Sir James and Moneypenny travel to Casino Royale to rescue her. They discover that the casino

8190-435: The center. Play begins to the right of the croupier and continues counterclockwise. Once play begins, one player is designated as the banker; this player also deals. The other players are "punters". The position of banker passes counterclockwise in the course of the game. In each round, the banker wagers the amount they are willing to risk. Each other player, in order, then declares whether they will "go bank", playing against

8316-458: The character, including the 1954 television adaptation of Casino Royale , where Bond bankrupts Le Chiffre in order to have him eliminated by his Soviet superiors; Dr. No , where Bond is first introduced while playing the game in film; Thunderball ; the 1967 version of Casino Royale , which is the most detailed treatment of a baccarat game in any Bond film; On Her Majesty's Secret Service ; For Your Eyes Only ; and GoldenEye . In

8442-399: The coup is finished and the result is announced: a player win, a banker win, or tie. If neither hand has eight or nine, the drawing rules are applied to determine whether the player should receive a third card. Then, based on the value of any card drawn to the player, the drawing rules are applied to determine whether the banker should receive a third card. The coup is then finished, the outcome

8568-414: The croupier and dealers. The shoe is held by one of the players, who deals the cards on the instructions of the croupier according to the tableau. On a player win, the shoe moves either to the highest winning bettor, or to the next person in clockwise order around the table, depending on the casino's conventions. The shoe may be refused or the croupier may be requested to deal. Punto banco has both some of

8694-625: The current bank total. If no one is willing to stake this amount, the new banker is instead the next player in order, and the bank resets to whatever they wish to stake. Many games have a set minimum bank or wager amount. Unlike punto banco , which is purely a game of chance, chemin de fer includes an element of player skill. In Baccarat banque the position of banker is more permanent compared to Chemin de fer . The shoe contains three inter-shuffled decks. The banker, unless they retire because they wish to or ran out of money to stake, keeps their role until all these cards have been dealt. The banker

8820-404: The deal the croupier shall announce "égalité — tie bets win." All tie bets will be paid at 8-to-1 odds and all bets on player or banker remain in place and active for the next game (the customer may or may not be able to retract these bets depending on casino rules). In the US, the full-scale version of punto banco is usually played at large tables in roped off areas or private rooms separated from

8946-419: The director obliged. Guest wrote that Welles did not think much of Sellers, and had refused to work with "that amateur". McGrath, a personal friend of Sellers, was punched by the actor when he complained about Sellers' on-set behaviour. Some Sellers biographies suggest that he took the role of Bond to heart, and was annoyed at the decision to make Casino Royale a comedy, as he wanted to play Bond straight. This

9072-399: The entire current bank with a matching wager. A maximum of one player may "go bank". If no one "goes bank", players make their wagers in order. If the total wagers from the players are less than the bank, observing bystanders may also wager up to the amount of the bank. If the total wagers from the players are greater than the bank, the banker may choose to increase the bank to match; otherwise,

9198-456: The espionage activities of government agents and their risk of being discovered by their enemies. From the Nazi espionage thrillers of the 1940s to the James Bond films of the 1960s and to the high-tech blockbusters of today, the spy film has always been popular with audiences worldwide. Offering a combination of exciting escapism , technological thrills, and exotic locales, many spy films combine

9324-403: The excess wagers are removed in reverse play order. The banker deals four cards face-down: two to themselves and two held in common by the remaining players. The player with the highest individual wager (or first in play order if tied for highest wager) is selected to represent the group of non-banker players. The banker and player both look at their cards; if either has an eight or a nine, this

9450-734: The exterior of 10 Downing Street . Mereworth Castle in Kent was used as the home of Sir James Bond, which is blown up early in the film. Much of filming for M's Scottish castle was done on location in County Meath , Ireland, with Killeen Castle as the focus. However, the car chase sequences where Bond leaves the castle were shot in the Perthshire village of Killin , with further sequences in Berkshire (specifically Old Windsor and Bracknell ). Filming had wrapped by October 1966, at which stage Feldman said

9576-428: The famous scientist. In the mid-1950s, Alfred Hitchcock returned to the spy genre with The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956 film) , a remake of his 1934 film of the same name . He followed this up in 1959 with North by Northwest (1959), widely considered one of the most influential works within the spy genre. The peak of popularity of spy films is often considered to be the 1960s when Cold War fears meshed with

9702-575: The fastest means of transport. It is still the most popular version in France. Baccarat Punto Banco , in which the bettor bets on whether the Player or the Banker hand wins, was a significant change in the development of modern baccarat. It developed into a house-banked game in Havana in the 1940s, and is the most popular modern form. In baccarat, the 2 through 9 cards (of any suit) are worth face value (in points);

9828-408: The fictional secret agent created by Ian Fleming . Bond plays the game in numerous novels, most notably his 1953 debut, Casino Royale , in which much of the plot revolves around a game between Bond and SMERSH trade union operative Le Chiffre ; the unabridged version of the novel includes a primer to the game for readers who are unfamiliar with it. It is also featured in several filmed versions of

9954-400: The film "the original ultimate spy spoof", and opined that the "nearly impossible to follow" plot made it a "satire to the highest degree". Further describing it as a "hideous, zany disaster", LeVasseur concluded that it was "a psychedelic, absurd masterpiece". Cinema historian Robert von Dassanowsky has written about the artistic merits of the film and says "like Casablanca , Casino Royale

10080-434: The film a "reckless, disconnected nonsense that could be telescoped or stopped at any point". Writing in 1986, Danny Peary noted, "It's hard to believe that in 1967 we actually waited in anticipation for this so-called James Bond spoof. It was a disappointment then; it's a curio today, but just as hard to sit through." Peary described the film as being "disjointed and stylistically erratic" and "a testament to wastefulness in

10206-401: The film for $ 1 million. Feldman originally intended to cast Terence Cooper as Bond and had him under personal contract for two years prior to production. Feldman had worked with Sellers on What's New Pussycat? (1965) and offered the actor a part as Bond. Sellers originally turned him down saying he felt the image of Bond was "too fixed". Feldman persuaded Sellers to change his mind by asking

10332-492: The film rights from his widow. Albert R. Broccoli , who had held an interest in adapting James Bond for some years, offered to purchase the Casino Royale rights from Feldman, but he declined. Feldman and his friend, director Howard Hawks , had an interest in adapting Casino Royale and considered Leigh Brackett as a writer and Cary Grant as James Bond. They eventually decided not to proceed after they saw Dr. No (1962),

10458-431: The film was cut abruptly short. Additionally, Sellers went absent for days or weeks at a time, refused to appear in his scenes with Welles and exited before all of his scenes had been shot. As a result, Sellers was unavailable for the filming of an ending and other interlinking scenes, leaving the filmmakers to devise a way to make the existing footage work without him. The framing device of a beginning and ending with Niven

10584-432: The film's script, was rapidly dropped, and Prowse was re-cast as a Frankenstein -type monster for the closing scenes. The final sequence was principally directed by former actor/stuntman Richard Talmadge . Filming began on 11 January 1966. Principal photography took place at Pinewood Studios , Shepperton Studios and Twickenham Studios in London. Extensive sequences also featured London, notably Trafalgar Square and

10710-448: The filming of Sellers' segments. Screenwriter Wolf Mankowitz declared that Sellers felt intimidated by Welles to the extent that, except for a couple of shots, neither was in the studio simultaneously. Other versions of the legend depict the drama stemming from Sellers being slighted, in favour of Welles, by Princess Margaret (whom Sellers knew) during her visit to the set. Welles also insisted on performing magic tricks as Le Chiffre, and

10836-413: The first Bond adaptation made by Broccoli and his partner Harry Saltzman through their company Eon Productions . By 1964, with Feldman having invested nearly $ 550,000 of his own money into pre-production, he decided to try a deal with Eon Productions and United Artists . The attempt at a co-production eventually fell through, for Feldman frequently argued with Broccoli and Saltzman, especially regarding

10962-425: The first card face up and then based on its respective numerical value, with aces worth 1 and face cards worth 10, the dealer burns that many cards face down. For each coup, two cards are dealt face up to each hand, starting from "player" and alternating between the hands. The croupier may call the total (e.g., "five player, three banker"). If either the player or banker or both achieve a total of 8 or 9 at this stage,

11088-408: The first time a strong female character who helps the hero). In 1928, Fritz Lang made the film Spies which contained many tropes that became popular in later spy dramas, including secret headquarters, an agent known by a number, and the beautiful foreign agent who comes to love the hero. Lang's Dr. Mabuse films from the period also contain elements of spy thrillers, though the central character

11214-564: The franchise) as a condition of the settlement. MGM then released the first DVD edition of Casino Royale in 2002, followed by a 40th anniversary special edition in 2007. Years later, as a result of the Sony / Comcast acquisition of MGM, Columbia would once again become responsible for co-distribution, as well as the entire Eon Bond series, including the 2006 adaptation of Casino Royale . However, MGM Home Entertainment changed its distributor to 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment in May 2006. Fox

11340-462: The future King Edward VII . Since the Prince of Wales was involved in the incident, it inspired a huge amount of media interest in the game, bringing baccarat to the attention of the public at large. Accounts of the scandal in newspapers also included the rules for the game. The scandal became the subject of music hall songs and a stage play. Baccarat chemin-de-fer is the favoured game of James Bond ,

11466-756: The home front, as in Saboteur (1942). Some, however, dealt with professional spies, as in Hitchcock's Secret Agent (1936), based on W. Somerset Maugham 's Ashenden stories, or the Mr. Moto series, based on the books of John P. Marquand . In the 1940s and early 1950s, several films were made about the exploits of Allied agents in occupied Europe, which could be considered a subgenre. 13 Rue Madeleine and O.S.S. were fictional stories about American agents in German-occupied France. There were several films based on

11592-403: The house edge by about 0.05%. If paired with a technique known as edge sorting , baccarat players can obtain a significant edge versus the casino. House edge details (8 decks) Mini-baccarat is a version of banco punto played on a small table with smaller minimums/maximums. It is popular with more casual players, particularly those from Asia. A mini-baccarat variation where even money

11718-420: The latter to mark the film's 50th anniversary. This latest issue has included almost all of Bacharach's underscore , representing 35 tracks in total. Soundtrack listing All lyrics are written by Hal David ; all music is composed by Burt Bacharach The album became famous among audio purists for the excellence of its recording. It then became a standard "audiophile test" record for decades to come, especially

11844-473: The lowest house edges among casino table games, and some of the highest. The player bet has, relative to most casino bets, a low house edge of 1.24%, and the banker bet (accounting for the 5% commission on the win) is even lower, at 1.06%. In contrast, the tie bet, which pays 8-to-1, has a high house edge of 14.4%. Most casinos in the United Kingdom pay the tie at 9-to-1, resulting in a house edge of approximately 4.85%. Card counting can be employed to reduce

11970-473: The main gaming floor. The game is frequented by high rollers , who may wager tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars on a single hand. Minimum bets are relatively high, often starting at $ 100 and going as high as $ 500. Posted maximum bets are often arranged to suit a player. The table is staffed by a croupier, who directs the play of the game, and two dealers who calculate tax and collect and pay bets. Six or eight decks of cards are used, normally shuffled only by

12096-624: The mysterious Dr. Noah and the ruthless counter-intelligence agency SMERSH , inspired by actual organizations in the USSR . The film's tagline: "Casino Royale is too much... for one James Bond!" refers to Bond's plan to mislead SMERSH in which six other agents are pretending to be "James Bond", namely, baccarat master Evelyn Tremble ( Peter Sellers ); millionaire spy Vesper Lynd ( Ursula Andress ); Bond's secretary Miss Moneypenny ( Barbara Bouchet ); Bond's daughter with Mata Hari , Mata Bond ( Joanna Pettet ); and British agents Cooper ( Terence Cooper ) and

12222-524: The next hand is dealt to the player next following them in rotation. In each side, any player may "go bank", like in Chemin de fer . If two players on opposite sides desire to "go bank", each player bets half the bank. A player going bank may either do so for as many times as they like until they lose, or as a cheval, i.e. on two hands separately, one-half of the stake being played upon each hand. A player going bank and losing may go bank again, until they lose for

12348-473: The opposition." In addition to the credited writers, Woody Allen , Peter Sellers , Val Guest , Ben Hecht, Joseph Heller, Terry Southern and Wilder are all believed to have contributed to the screenplay to varying degrees. Feldman called it "a four ring circus". Sellers had hired Southern to write his dialogue (and not the rest of the script) to "upstage" Orson Welles and Allen. Feldman approached Sean Connery to play Bond, but rejected Connery's offer to do

12474-520: The other side. Hecht died from a heart attack in April 1964, two days after finishing his script and before he was able to present it to Feldman. Joseph Heller (and his friend George Mandel ) worked on the project for a few weeks in early 1965, submitting more than 100 pages after Feldman offered Heller $ 150,000. Heller later wrote about this episode in the essay How I found James Bond, lost my self-respect and almost made $ 150,000 in my spare time . The script

12600-470: The photos, leaving baccarat as Le Chiffre's only remaining option. Evelyn arrives at the Casino Royale accompanied by Vesper, who foils an attempt by seductive SMERSH agent Miss Goodthighs to disable him. Later that night at the casino, Evelyn realises that Le Chiffre is using infrared sunglasses to cheat. Vesper steals the sunglasses, allowing Evelyn to beat Le Chiffre. Vesper is apparently abducted outside

12726-417: The profit divisions and when the Casino Royale adaptation would start production. Feldman eventually decided to offer his project to Columbia Pictures through a script written by Ben Hecht , and the studio accepted. Given that Eon's series had led to spy films being in vogue at the time, Feldman opted to make his film a spoof of the Bond series instead of a straightforward adaptation. Hecht's contribution to

12852-481: The project needed Bond to be female and wished to cast Susan Hayward as 'Jane' Bond. In January 1956, The New York Times reported Ratoff had set up a production company with Michael Garrison to produce a film adaptation, but their pitch was rejected by 20th Century Fox and they were unable to find financial backers before his death in December 1960. Talent agent Charles K. Feldman had represented Ratoff and bought

12978-544: The project, if not the final result, was in fact substantial and he wrote several complete drafts. In May 1966, Time magazine reported that Hecht had "three bashes" at completing a script, while his papers contained material from four surviving screenplays by Hecht. His treatments were almost entirely "straight" adaptations, far closer to the original source novel than the spoof which the final production became. A draft from 1957 discovered in Hecht's papers—but which does not identify

13104-463: The publication of his first James Bond novel Casino Royale , Ian Fleming purchased the small theatrical agency Glidrose Productions Limited to produce a screen adaptation of the novel. After the publication, Curtis Brown , Associated British Pictures and the Music Corporation of America all expressed interest in purchasing the film rights. Curtis Brown later licensed the rights to produce

13230-509: The pull of the James Bond name was sufficient to make it the 13th-highest-grossing film in North America in 1967 with a gross of $ 22.7 million ($ 207 million in 2023 dollars) and a worldwide total of $ 41.7 million ($ 381 million in 2023 dollars). Welles attributed the success to a marketing strategy that featured a naked tattooed woman on the film's posters and print ads. The campaign also included

13356-407: The punters (traditionally, ten such constituting a full table). Other players cannot sit directly and may only bet when active players' bets don't cover the banker's stakes. The croupier shuffles the cards then prompts one punter from their right, one from their left then the banker to reshuffle and finally selects a random player to cut. After every player has bet, the banker deals one card to one of

13482-533: The release until April 1967. Casino Royale had its world premiere in London's Odeon Leicester Square on 13 April 1967, breaking many opening records in the theatre's history. Its American premiere was held in New York City on 28 April, at the Capitol and Cinema I theatres. It opened two months prior to the fifth Bond film by Eon Productions, You Only Live Twice . Despite the lukewarm nature of contemporary reviews,

13608-501: The representatives of agencies. It was shot in Ireland and Kent in April 1966. Huston worked on his section of the script with Wolf Mankowitz. Huston had written most of Beat the Devil (1953) on location, but says "that was discipline compared to this. It was day to day then it's moment to moment here." Huston wanted Robert Morley as M, but when he was unavailable, the director decided to play

13734-433: The right punters, the second to one of the left punters, and the third to themselves. This is done twice, resulting in 6 cards on the table. Each side wins or loses depending on the cards dealt to that side only. The rules as to turning up with eight or nine, offering and accepting cards, and so on, are the same as Chemin de fer . Each punter continues to hold the cards for their side so long as they win or tie. If they lose,

13860-416: The role himself. Huston says the film "was broached to me as a lark, which it was." McGrath shot for six weeks. Parrish filmed the segment with Andress and Sellers at Shepperton. Hughes was not known for comedies generally but had just directed Drop Dead Darling (1966). Guest wrote and directed the last section and was given the responsibility of splicing the various "chapters" together. Feldman says Parrish

13986-554: The score into songs: "Home James, Don't Spare the Horses" was re-arranged as "Bond Street", appearing on Bacharach's album Reach Out (1967), and "Flying Saucer – First Stop Berlin", was reworked with vocals as "Let the Love Come Through" by orchestra leader and arranger Roland Shaw . A clarinet melody would later be featured in a Cracker Jack peanut popcorn commercial. As an in-joke, a brief snippet of John Barry 's song " Born Free "

14112-522: The screenwriter—is a direct adaptation of the novel, albeit with the Bond character absent, instead being replaced by a poker-playing American gangster. Later drafts see vice made central to the plot, with the Le Chiffre character becoming head of a network of brothels (as he is in the novel) whose patrons are then blackmailed by Le Chiffre to fund Spectre (an invention of the screenwriter). The racy plot elements opened up by this change of background include

14238-492: The situations are very funny, but many are too strained." Bosley Crowther of The New York Times considered Casino Royale had "more of the talent agent than the secret agent". He praised the film's "fast start" and the scenes up to the baccarat game between Bond and Le Chiffre. Afterward, Crowther felt, the script became tiresome, repetitive and filled with clichés due to "wild and haphazard injections of 'in' jokes and outlandish gags", leading to an excessive length that made

14364-402: The song " The Look of Love ", performed on the film's soundtrack by Dusty Springfield . Critical reaction, however, was generally negative, with many reviewers regarding it as a baffling, disorganised affair. Since 1999, rights have been held by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , distributors of the Bond films by Eon Productions. Sir James Bond 007, a legendary British spy who has been retired for 20 years,

14490-540: The stories of real-life British S.O.E. agents, including Odette and Carve Her Name With Pride . A more recent fictional example is Charlotte Gray , based on the novel by Sebastian Faulks . Also during the period, there were many detective films ( The Thin Man Goes Home and Charlie Chan in the Secret Service for example) in which the mystery involved who stole the secret blue-prints, or who kidnapped

14616-408: The tableau and the croupier will announce the winning hand, either the player or the banker. Losing bets will be collected and the winning bets will be paid according to the rules of the house. Usually, 1-to-1 even money will be paid on player bets and 19-to-20 on banker bets (even money with "5% commission to the house on the win"). Should both the player and banker have the same value at the end of

14742-502: The third time. A banker must play out one hand, but may retire at any time afterwards. On retiring, they must state the amount they retire with. It is then open to any other player (in order of rotation) to continue the bank, starting with the same stake and dealing from undealt cards. The outgoing banker takes the place previously occupied by their successor. Should the bank empty, the banker may freely put more money at stake without losing their right to bank. If all punters' bets exceed

14868-420: The training area was the lowest level) was never shot, thus creating an abrupt cut from Vesper announcing that Evelyn will be James Bond to Evelyn exiting the lift into the training school. Many sequences were dropped, so that several actors never appeared in the final cut, including Ian Hendry (as 006, the agent whose body is briefly seen being disposed of by Vesper), Mona Washbourne and Arthur Mullard . For

14994-416: The two hands dealt out in each coup, two outcomes which the bettor can back; the player hand has no particular association with the gambler, nor the banker hand with the house. Punto banco is dealt from a shoe containing 6 or 8 decks of cards shuffled together; a cut-card is placed in front of the seventh from last card, and the drawing of the cut-card indicates the last coup of the shoe. The dealer burns

15120-474: The vocal performance by Springfield on "The Look of Love". The soundtrack has since been released by other companies in different configurations (including complete score releases). The highly regarded master tapes were damaged, however, during a 1990s remastering, so none of the subsequent re-releases is considered to be as fine as the original LP release. Columbia at first announced release in time for Christmas 1966; however, problems during production postponed

15246-474: Was created to salvage the material. Guest, who had been given the task of creating a narrative thread which would link all segments of the film, chose to use the original Bond and Vesper Lynd as linking characters. Signs of missing footage from the Sellers segments are evident at various points. Evelyn is not captured on camera; an outtake of Sellers entering a racing car was substituted. In this outtake, he calls for

15372-711: Was performed by Alpert's wife, Lani Hall . The film features the song " The Look of Love " performed by Dusty Springfield . It is played in the scene of Vesper recruiting Evelyn, seen through a man-size aquarium in a seductive walk. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song . The song was revisited in the first Austin Powers film, which, to a degree, was inspired by Casino Royale . For European release, Mireille Mathieu sang versions of "The Look of Love" in both French ("Les Yeux D'Amour"), and German ("Ein Blick von Dir"). Bacharach would later rework two tracks of

15498-523: Was popular for all classes. Its notoriety led to King Victor-Amadeus III banning it in all his realms in 1788. It was the most popular game in Watier's , an exclusive gentlemen's club in London, where it led to the ruin of Beau Brummell . The match in Arthur Schnitzler 's 1926 novella Night Games ( Spiel im Morgengrauen ) contains instructions for Macao under the name of baccarat . Its popularity in

15624-405: Was responsible for the distribution and debut of the 1967 Casino Royale on Blu-ray in 2011. While the rights today stand with United Artists (under MGM, who currently maintains home entertainment rights), Danjaq LLC , Eon's holding company, is credited as one of its present copyright owners, the other being original production unit Famous Artists Productions. Spy film Spy films show

15750-453: Was then completely re-written by Billy Wilder , and by the time the film reached production, only the idea that the name James Bond should be given to a number of other agents remained. This key plot device in the finished film, in the case of Hecht's version, occurs after the demise of the original James Bond (an event which happened prior to the beginning of his story) which, as Hecht's M puts it, "not only perpetuates his memory, but confuses

15876-449: Was to provide "suspense" while McGrath did "Sellers like comedy". He was offered the unique title of coordinating director but declined, claiming the chaotic plot would not reflect well on him if he were so credited. His extra credit was labelled 'additional sequences' instead. Guest, Hughes, Huston, McGrath, Parrish, and Talmadge received the directorial credits for Casino Royale . Part of the behind-the-scenes drama of production concerned

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