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80-703: The Marquesan Dog or Marquesas Islands Dog is an extinct breed of dog from the Marquesas Islands . Similar to other strains of Polynesian dogs , it was introduced to the Marquesas by the ancestors of the Polynesian people during their migrations. Serving as tribal totems and religious symbols, they were sometimes consumed as meat although less frequently than in other parts of the Pacific because of their scarcity. These native dogs are thought to have become extinct before

160-449: A Karanga (call) . The wharenui is the locale for important meetings, sleepovers, and craft and other cultural activities. The wharekai (dining hall) is used primarily for communal meals, but other activities may be carried out there. Many of the words associated with marae in tropical Polynesia are retained in the Māori context. For example, the word paepae refers to the bench where

240-1686: A rotisserie ; these short-legged dogs were known from the Middle Ages , they likely became extinct in the 19th century. Tweed Water Spaniel [REDACTED] A British breed of gundog from the Anglo-Scottish border region; it was used by wildfowlers and is considered to be a progenitor of the Golden Retriever . Welsh Hillman A British breed of herding dog from Wales . References [ edit ] Citations [ edit ] ^ Cummins (2001) , p. 14. ^ Fogle (2009) , p. 257. ^ Morris (2001) , p. 666. ^ Hancock (1984) , p. 13. ^ Morris (2001) , pp. 255–257. ^ Hancock (2014b) , pp. 103–104. ^ Fiorone (1973) , p. 89. ^ Hörter (2014) . ^ Collyns, Dan (September 23, 2006). "Mummified dogs uncovered in Peru" . BBC News . Lima . Retrieved October 8, 2015 . ^ Leonard, Jennifer A.; et al. (2002-11-22). "Ancient DNA evidence for Old World Origin of New World Dogs". Science . 298 (5598): 1613–1616. Bibcode : 2002Sci...298.1613L . CiteSeerX   10.1.1.714.9691 . doi : 10.1126/science.1076980 . PMID   12446908 . S2CID   37190220 . ^ Mulkeen, Verity (11 May 2009). "Amores Perros: Dog Fighting in Argentina" . The Argentina Independent. Archived from

320-1574: A Fuegian dog belonging to the Fagnano Regional Museum ethnographic collection, Tierra del Fuego" (PDF) . Quaternary International . 317 : 14–18. Bibcode : 2013QuInt.317...14P . doi : 10.1016/j.quaint.2013.07.030 . hdl : 11336/25319 . Archived from the original (PDF) on December 20, 2016 . Retrieved September 2, 2020 . ^ Hörter (2006) . ^ Wilcox & Walkowicz (1995) , pp. 494–495. ^ Morris (2001) , p. 83. ^ Cummins (2001) , p. 22. ^ Hancock (2001) . ^ Morris (2001) , p. 84. ^ Hancock (2014b) , pp. 62–64. ^ Morris (2001) , p. 32. ^ Morris (2001) , pp. 342–343. ^ Fogle (2009) , p. 186. ^ Cummins (2001) , pp. 12 & 60-61. ^ Hancock (2013) , pp. 92–94. ^ Alderton (2000) , pp. 58–59. ^ Gilbey (1913) , pp. 50–71. ^ Alderton (2000) , pp. 41 & 88. ^ "Chihuahua dog | Description, Temperament, Images, & Facts | Britannica" . www.britannica.com . Retrieved 2022-11-06 . ^ "7 Extinct Dog Breeds That May Be In Your Pup's DNA" . ^ Morris (2001) , pp. 507–508. ^ Morris (2001) , p. 578. ^ Hancock (2013) , pp. 36 & 50. ^ Hancock (2014a) , p. 11. Bibliography [ edit ] Alderton, David (2000). Hounds of

400-578: A Marae Taputapuatea of his own to wear the Maro-'ura (red waist girdle of the ariki) in. Mangaia had a marae named Taputapuatea and an ariori (priest) house. In the remote southeastern corner of the Polynesian Triangle elements of the traditional Polynesian marae evolved into the Rapa Nui /Easter Island ahu and their iconic moai (statues). According to Salmond, marae are "portals between Po,

480-599: A dog breed, coydog , or domesticated coyote ; formerly found and originally bred in northern Canada by the Hare Indians for coursing. Hawaiian Poi Dog [REDACTED] A Hawaiian pye-dog that was kept by the native Hawaiians before European settlement; the Hawaiian Poi Dog was kept as both a pet and for human consumption, it also played a ceremonial role in Hawaiian culture; taking its name from poi , which

560-467: A few dogs on the island and observed the islanders were afraid of the two mastiffs on board his ship. By the 1890s, English traveler Frederick William Christian noted the ideological conflict over dog meat consumption as island populations increased. He noted how the Marquesans living in the eastern valleys of the island of Hiva Oa had resumed eating baked dog meat "with delight" while the inhabitants of

640-399: A majority of dog petroglyphs have been found in the valleys of ʻAʻakapa , Haʻatuatua, and Hatiheu on the northern coast of Nuku Hiva , the meʻae Vaikivi on Ua Huka , and the meʻae Iʻipona and Eiaone Valley on Hiva Oa . Their regional distributions possibly reflected the role of dogs as symbols of tribal/clan loyalty and identity in the islands. They were totem animals associated with

720-401: A place where the culture can be celebrated, where the Māori language can be spoken, where intertribal obligations can be met, where customs can be explored and debated, where family occasions such as birthdays can be held, and where important ceremonies, such as welcoming visitors or farewelling the dead ( tangihanga ), can be performed. Like the related institutions of old Polynesia, the marae

800-630: A smooth coat and docked tail; its role became redundant in the 20th century and it is now believed to be extinct. Black and Tan Terrier [REDACTED] A British breed of terrier that was common throughout all of Great Britain, it had a rough coat that was black and tan in colour; most of the Fell terrier breeds, including the Border Terrier , Lakeland Terrier , Patterdale Terrier and Welsh Terrier , descend from it. Braque Dupuy [REDACTED] A French breed of pointer from

880-468: A study into the morphology of the bones and dog burials found in the Marquesan archaeology sites. Dogs of different breeds were later reintroduced by European settlers and visitors to the Marquesas. The first European dogs seen were those that accompanied Spanish explorers Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira and Pedro Fernandes de Queirós in 1595. While they were on Hiva Oa, the Marquesans attempted to steal one of

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960-425: A temple complex near the village of Puamaʻu on the northeastern coast of the island of Hiva Oa, he uncovered several stone tiki including two with zoomorphic (animal shaped) quadruped figures carved on them. During this period, the property and temple site was owned by Reverend James Kekela , a Hawaiian Protestant missionary, who von den Steinen befriended. He also relied on an elderly Marquesan named Pihua, who

1040-569: A venue for the teaching of whaikōrero (oratory), Māori language and culture, and important ceremonies for distinguished guests of the university. Two detailed secondary-school marae are located in the Waikato at Te Awamutu College and Fairfield College . The latter was designed by a Māori architect with a detailed knowledge of carving and weaving ; its wharenui features an intricately carved revolving pou (pillar) as well as many other striking features. In addition to school activities, it

1120-561: Is a wāhi tapu , a 'sacred place' which carries great cultural meaning. In Māori usage, the marae ātea (often shortened to marae ) is the open space in front of the wharenui (meeting house; literally "large building"). Generally the term marae is used to refer to the whole complex, including the buildings and the ātea . This area is used for pōwhiri (welcome ceremonies) featuring oratory. Some iwi (tribes) and hapū (sub-tribes) do not allow women to perform oratory on their marae , though typically women perform

1200-650: Is considered to be the progenitor of the Boxer . Celtic Hound [REDACTED] The Celtic hounds were a breed of dogs in Gaelic Ireland described in Irish legend. Also known as the vertragus , they were popular breeds throughout many ancient civilisations; considered to be the ancestor of modern day sighthound breeds such as the Greyhound . Chien-gris [REDACTED] A French breed of scenthound known in

1280-462: Is different from Wikidata CS1 Spanish-language sources (es) Marae In some modern Polynesian societies, notably that of the Māori of New Zealand , the marae is still a vital part of everyday life. In tropical Polynesia, most marae were destroyed or abandoned with the arrival of Christianity in the 19th century, and some have become attractions for tourists or archaeologists. Nevertheless,

1360-696: Is unique in the Polynesian languages, but may have some connection to wanuhe , the word for dog in the Papuan language of the Brumer Islands . French Catholic missionary René-Ildefonse Dordillon listed two other forms: mohoʻio and mohokio in his 1904 dictionary Grammaire et dictionnaire de la langue des iles Marquises . Little is known about the Marquesan Dog. They were introduced to the Marquesan Islands by

1440-410: Is used for weddings. As in pre-European times, marae continue to be the location of many ceremonial events, including birthdays, weddings, and anniversaries. The most important event located at marae is the tangihanga . Tangihanga are the means by which the dead are farewelled and the surviving family members supported in Māori society. As indicated by Ka'ai and Higgins, "the importance of

1520-636: The Bishop Museum , discovered a drilled dog canine used as a pendant, one pre-molar and two dog burials in the sand dunes at Hane on the island of Ua Huka. In 1998, American archaeologist Barry Vladimir Rolett discovered dog bones in all levels of settlement at Hanamiai, on the island of Tahuata , indicating that the breed may have continued to exist on this island until the mid-19th century. Some of these bones had visible cut marks. In 2000, French archaeologist Pascal Sellier discovered three dog skeletons alongside several human burials at Manihina, Ua Huka; one dog

1600-577: The Late Middle Ages ; famed for its scenting ability, it was often employed pursuing criminals; it is believed to be a progenitor of the Bloodhound . Techichi [REDACTED] An ancestor of the modern Chihuahua . Terceira Mastiff [REDACTED] An extinct Portugese dog breed. Tesem [REDACTED] Ancient Egyptian dogs that are now extinct. Toy Bulldog [REDACTED] A British breed that

1680-501: The Middle Ages used to locate a stag on the morning of a stag hunt, the limer was kept on a leash and led the huntsman to the stag, which was subsequently hunted by other hound types; limers were known for their scenting ability and had to work silently in order to avoid alerting the quarry. Marquesan Dog [REDACTED] Introduced to the Marquesas by the ancestors of the Polynesian people during their migrations. Molossus [REDACTED] Large dogs kept in

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1760-712: The Middle Ages , it was said to have been introduced to France from the east by King Louis IX when he returned from the Crusades . Chiribaya Dog A herding breed developed by the Chiribaya culture of southwestern Peru. Córdoba fighting dog [REDACTED] A fighting dog type developed in Córdoba, Argentina and one of the ancestors of the Dogo Argentino . Cumberland Sheepdog [REDACTED] A British herding dog from Cumberland that

1840-491: The Poitou region; known for its pace compared to other French pointing breeds, it was sometimes claimed that Greyhound or Sloughi blood was used in their breeding. Buckhound [REDACTED] An English breed of scenthound ; used to hunt fallow deer in packs. Bullenbeisser [REDACTED] A German hunting- mastiff known from the Middle Ages , used to hunt stag , wild boar and even bear ; it

1920-554: The Zulu . Alaunt [REDACTED] Large running dogs used during the Middle Ages to seize and bring down game for the hunter to dispatch; they were described as having the body of a Greyhound with a broad and short brachycephalic -type head. Alpine mastiff [REDACTED] A mastiff -type dog known in the Western Alps from the Middle Ages , it is sometimes claimed they were descended from dogs introduced to

2000-501: The 13th century, was built by Tangi'ia who brought the central stone with him from the ancient marae of the same name at Ra'iātea . Indeed, it seems that it was quite usual in ancient times to take a stone from this marae. The son of Tetupaia and Teu had not only the right to a seat in the great Marae of Taputapuatea in Raiatea, but he could take his stone from Taputapuatea and set it up in his own district of Pare Arue (Tahiti), so founding

2080-644: The 16th century for the blood sports of bull-baiting and dog fighting ; the prohibition of most blood sports in 1835 saw the decline of the breed, although some were retained as companion dogs and were bred into the modern Bulldog . Old Spanish Pointer [REDACTED] A breed of Spanish pointing dog known from the Early Modern Period ; it is considered the first of its type from which all modern pointing dog breeds descend. Old Welsh Grey Sheepdog Paisley Terrier [REDACTED] A terrier breed from Scotland that

2160-636: The 20th century, Māori in urban areas have been establishing intertribal marae such as Maraeroa in eastern Porirua . For many Māori, the marae is just as important to them as their own homes. Some New Zealand churches also operate marae of their own, in which all of the functions of a traditional marae are carried out. Churches operating marae include the Anglican , Presbyterian , and Catholic churches. In recent years, it has become common for educational institutions, including primary and secondary schools, technical colleges, and universities, to build marae for

2240-527: The Argentine Polar Dog]; (PDF) . Revista de Medicina Veterinaria (in Spanish). 96 (2): 15–18. ISSN   1852-771X . Retrieved 1 December 2020 . Morris, Desmond (2001). Dogs: the ultimate dictionary of over 1,000 dog breeds . North Pomfret, Vermont: Trafalgar Square Publishing. ISBN   1-57076-219-8 . Wilcox, Bonnie; Walkowicz, Chris (1995). Atlas of dog breeds of

2320-493: The Nakiʻi tribe, who is believed to have carved both statues and many other tikis on the site. The head bore totem motifs of quadrupeds and little stick figures representing the Marquesans etua (gods) tattooed on each side of its mouth. He was informed that the quadrupeds could depict either dogs, rats or pigs. However, he concluded they were rats since at the time, dogs were believed to have been introduced by Europeans. He transported

2400-508: The Nakiʻi tribe. Petroglyphs often depict the Marquesan Dog in exaggerated forms. Millerstrom noted that these representations deviated from the typical characteristics of the Polynesian dog and wondered if they were meant to be realistic. She stated: The Marquesan dogs' images show that the necks and the bodies are exaggerated in length. The tails are long and curved over the back while the ears and muzzle may be pointed, square or rounded. The legs are short and in one case from Hatiheu Valley

2480-689: The New World on fishing vessels, it is considered to be the progenitor of the Labrador Retriever . Sakhalin Husky (Karafuto Ken in Japan) [REDACTED] Salish Wool Dog [REDACTED] The Salish Wool Dog or Comox Dog is an extinct breed of white, long-haired, Spitz-type dog that was developed and bred by the Coast Salish peoples of what is now Washington state and British Columbia. It

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2560-698: The Northern Marquesas, and nuhe , used in the Southern Marquesas. The former might have been an English loanword from pet or a Spanish loanword from perro (dog), although pero was an alternative for dog ( kurī ) in the related Māori language . According to another theory supporting its foreign origin, the name came from a New Haven dog named Pato left on Nuku Hiva by the American sea captain Edmund Fanning from 1798 to 1803. The South Marquesan Nuhe

2640-517: The ancient kingdom of Molossis in the region of Epirus ; it is claimed that they are the progenitors of the mastiffs . Moscow Water Dog The Moscow Water Dog, also known as the Moscow Diver, Moscow Retriever or Moskovsky Vodolaz; derived in the U.S.S.R. from the Newfoundland, Caucasian Shepherd Dog and East European Shepherd. Norfolk Spaniel [REDACTED] The term

2720-689: The area by the Romans ; a short-haired dog that is believed to be the progenitor of the St. Bernard . Argentine polar dog [REDACTED] A long-haired breed developed by the Argentine Army to act as sled dogs in the country's Argentine Antarctic Program . The creation of the Antarctic Treaty System forced Argentina to remove all of the dogs from the continent, since they were an exotic animal. The army then ended their dog breeding program and

2800-498: The arrival of Europeans, who did not record their presence on the islands. Petroglyphic representations of dogs and the archaeological remains of dog bones and burials are the only evidence that the breed ever existed. Modern dog populations on the island are the descendants of foreign breeds later reintroduced in the 19th century as companions for European settlers. There are two words in the Marquesan language for dog: peto , used in

2880-686: The big game hunters: their history, development and future . Ducklington: Charwynne Dog Features. ISBN   9780951780114 . Hörter, Ria (September 2006). "Dogs down under: the Australian breeds Part 2" (PDF) . Dogs in Canada . Apex Publishing. pp. 47–53 . Retrieved 13 October 2020 . Hörter, Ria (May 2014). "Old French Hounds" (PDF) . Canine Chronicle . Ocala, Florida: Endeavor Publications. pp. 250–256 . Retrieved 4 June 2020 . Maida, Juan Carlos (2015). "Breve historia del Perro Polar Argentino" [Brief history of

2960-802: The death of every one of them. In fact, on one occasion, I intimated the propriety of a canine crusade to Mehevi; but the benevolent king would not consent to it. He heard me very patiently; but when I had finished, shook his head, and told me, in confidence, that they were " taboo ". List of extinct dog breeds The following is a list of extinct dog breeds, varieties, landraces and types . List of extinct dog breeds, varieties, landraces and types [ edit ] Name Image Notes African hairless dog [REDACTED] Also known as Abyssinian sand terriers and African sand dogs among many other names, they were found in Egypt , Ethiopia , and among

3040-819: The dog . New York: DK Publishing. ISBN   978-0-7566-6004-8 . Gilbey, Walter (1913). Hounds in old days . London: Vinton & Co. Hancock, David (2014a). Dogs of the shepherds: a review of the pastoral breeds . Ramsbury, Wiltshire: The Crowood Press Ltd. ISBN   978-1-84797-808-0 . Hancock, David (2013). Gundogs: their past, their performance and their prospects . Ramsbury, Marlborough: The Crowood Press Ltd. ISBN   978-1-84797-492-1 . Hancock, David (2014b). Hounds: hunting by scent . Ramsbury, Marlborough: The Crowood Press Ltd. ISBN   978-1-84797-601-7 . Hancock, David (1984). Old working dogs . Botley, Oxfordshire: Shire Publications Ltd. ISBN   0852636784 . Hancock, David (2001). The mastiffs:

3120-873: The domestic dog Therapy Health Aging ( List of longest-living dogs ) Anatomy Breeding Coat Conformation Diseases Dog food Odor Rabies in animals Rage syndrome Reproduction Skin disorders Vaccination Training Clicker Crate training Housebreaking Socialization Related Domesticated silver fox List of individual dogs List of fictional dogs Lists of dogs [REDACTED] Category [REDACTED] Portal Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_extinct_dog_breeds&oldid=1257238175 " Categories : Extinct dog breeds Lists of breeds Lists of extinct animals Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

3200-483: The first, followed by Utu-ʻai-mahurau at Paea , Mahaiatea marae at Papara , Tarahoʻi marae at Pare - ʻArue , and Hitiaʻa marae on Hitiaa O Te Ra . In Tahiti , marae were dedicated to specific deities, and also connected with specific lineages said to have built them. During the 1994 restoration of Taputapuātea marae at Raʻiātea by archaeologists from the Tahiti Museum , human bones were discovered under some of

3280-463: The head back to Germany where it is now displayed at the Ethnological Museum of Berlin . The second statue was named Tiki Makiʻi Tauʻa Pepe after Manuiotaʻa's wife, known as Tauʻa Pepe (the "Butterfly Priestess"); she reportedly died in childbirth with Makiʻi meaning "writhing in agony". There are disagreements if the statue should be set in the reclining position as it was discovered or

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3360-529: The images in his process of restoring them. The modern consensus is that the carvings represent the extinct dog; they do not represent llamas, pumas or rats. In 1956, Robert Carl Suggs , with the American Museum of Natural History , led the first stratigraphical excavation of the islands and uncovered many dog bone fragments and one dog burial across a few sites on the island of Nuku Hiva. Between 1964 and 1965, American archaeologist Yosihiko H. Sinoto , with

3440-456: The indigenous production of the region, I am firmly convinced. Indeed they seemed aware of their being interlopers, looking fairly ashamed, and always trying to hide themselves in some dark corner. It was plain enough they did not feel at home in the vale—that they wished themselves well out of it, and back to the ugly country from which they must have come. Scurvy curs! they were my abhorrence; I should have liked nothing better than to have been

3520-407: The institute built to maintain the tradition of whakairo . The Institute is responsible for the building and restoration of over 40 marae around the country. Most iwi, hapū, and even many small settlements have their own marae. An example of such a small settlement with its own marae is at Hongoeka Bay , Plimmerton , the home of the renowned writer Patricia Grace . Since the second half of

3600-522: The mid-20th century. Dumfriesshire Black and Tan Foxhound A British pack of foxhounds from Scotland bred in the interwar period ; a combination of English Foxhound , Welsh Foxhound , Bloodhound and Gascon Saintongeois blood, they were a unique black and tan coloured pack; the pack was disbanded after foxhunting was banned in Great Britain in 2002. English Water Spaniel [REDACTED] A British breed of gundog that

3680-498: The narrator Tommo gives an unflattering account of dogs living in the valley of Tai Pī on Nuku Hiva: I Think I must enlighten the reader a little about the natural history of the valley. Whence, in the name of Count Buffon and Baron Cuvier , came those dogs that I saw in Typee? Dogs!—Big hairless rats rather; all with smooth, shining, speckled hides—fat sides, and very disagreeable faces. Whence could they have come? That they were not

3760-400: The operations of the marae . The Act governs the regulation of marae as reservations and sets out the responsibilities of the trustees in relation to the beneficiaries. Generally each marae has a charter which the trustees have negotiated with the beneficiaries of the marae . The charter details matters such as: The New Zealand Māori Arts and Crafts Institute Act 1963 was passed and

3840-662: The original on 2013-06-17. ^ Larry Levin (2010). Oogy: The Dog Only a Family Could Love . Grand Central Publishing. p. 67. ISBN   978-0-446-57487-7 . ^ Morris (2001) , p. 408. ^ Morris (2001) , pp. 459–460. ^ Morris (2001) , pp. 369–370. ^ Hancock (2014b) , p. 45. ^ Hancock (2013) , pp. 138–142. ^ Hancock (1984) , pp. 13–15. ^ Krämer, E.-M. (2009). Der grosse Kosmos Hundeführer , 229. Kosmos: Stuttgart. ^ Petrigh, Romina S.; Fugassa, Martin H. (December 13, 2013). "Molecular identification of

3920-539: The original Polynesian settlers along with domesticated chickens, pigs, and the Polynesian rat . The dog is thought to have become extinct prior to the arrival of Spanish explorers in 1595, although some might have survived beyond this point. No European accounts were ever written about them. They were thought to be fairly rare and "never numerous in the islands" even before the arrival of Europeans. Unlike in other parts of Polynesia, dogs were not considered an important food source, although they were sometimes eaten as shown by

4000-463: The paws were pointed in the wrong direction... The early post-contact dog is white or spotted, small to medium size, with pointed snout and ears, and a long tail. Could the Marquesans of the past have forgotten what the dog looked like or did it matter how they depicted the dog? German archaeologist Karl von den Steinen was the first European visitor to observe evidence of ancient dogs in the Marquesas in 1897–98. In his excavation of meʻae Iʻipona,

4080-400: The place where these marae were built are still considered tapu (sacred) in most of these cultures. As is usual with Māori nouns, the same word serves as the singular and plural of marae . The word has been reconstructed by linguists to Eastern Oceanic *malaqe with the meaning "open, cleared space used as meeting-place or ceremonial place". In Māori society, the marae is

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4160-448: The presence of cut marks on dog bones found in archaeological excavations. Due to their rarity, they were venerated by the Marquesans and were closely associated with the high chiefs and priestly classes. Many petroglyphs or carved images of dogs were found near religious centers and chiefly residential areas indicating their venerated status and importance in the culture. A survey by American archaeologist Sidsel N. Millerstrom noted that

4240-412: The prone position as it is currently displayed. It is believed to represent a female in a prone position, head and arms reaching skyward, giving birth, although it has also been interpreted as a female deity bearing the Marquesan people on its back. Images of quadrupeds were carved as bas-reliefs on each side of the square base of this statue. This tiki remained in its original spot and is visible today at

4320-507: The remaining dogs were moved to Patagonia where most of them succumbed to diseases, since living their entire lives in Antarctica away from other dogs had made them lose their natural immunity to the common diseases of dogs. Belgian Mastiff [REDACTED] A mastiff -type breed that was used throughout the Low Countries as a draught dog , it was a large, powerful dog with

4400-429: The site of Iʻipona. Only one of the dog carvings is discernible now; the other one has weathered away. In 1956, Norwegian adventurer and ethnographer Thor Heyerdahl later claimed the reliefs on Tiki Makiʻi Tauʻa Pepe were llamas or pumas instead to bolster his theory that Polynesia was settled from South America . Later unidentified writers and rumors have insinuated that Heyerdahl deliberately altered and defaced

4480-479: The small dogs on their ships. Anthropologist Katharine Luomala noted that nothing suggested that these dogs were left by the Spanish. Possibly the first dogs reintroduced were those left by American ships during the early 1800s in the care of early beachcombers , missionaries and settlers who kept them as pets. One of the first reported cases was a New Haven dog named Pato, who had been "found guilty of sheep stealing about

4560-467: The speakers sit; this means it retains its sacred and ceremonial associations. Marae vary in size, with some wharenui being a bit bigger than a double garage, and some being larger than a typical town hall. A marae is a meeting place registered as a reserve under the Te Ture Whenua Māori Act 1993 (The Māori Land Act). Each marae has a group of trustees who are responsible for

4640-411: The stones of many of the ancient marae remain to this day. Some marae are in better shape than others, as vegetation grows fast on the islands. In Rarotonga, a few of the marae (Arai-te-Tonga, Vaerota, Taputapuātea) are still maintained, and are quickly tidied up before the investiture of a new ariki . Rarotongan tradition holds that Taputapuātea marae at Rarotonga, which archaeologists have dated to

4720-522: The tangihanga and its central place in marae custom is reflected in the fact that it takes precedence over any other gathering on the marae". In the Cook Islands , there are many historic marae ( tapu or sacred places ) that were used for religious ceremonies on the islands. Rarotonga and Aitutaki have some particularly impressive marae. Although many of the carved figures on the marae were either destroyed or confiscated by Christian missionaries ,

4800-511: The use of the students and for the teaching of Māori culture. These marae may also serve as a venue for the performance of official ceremonies relating to the school. The marae of the University of Auckland , for instance, is used for graduation ceremonies of the Māori Department, as well as welcoming ceremonies for new staff of the university as a whole. Its primary function is to serve as

4880-414: The waiting hunters. Rastreador Brasileiro [REDACTED] A scenthound bred specifically to hunt jaguars ; when jaguars became endangered and then were protected as a result of this, the breed's purpose became obsolete. St John's water dog [REDACTED] A Canadian breed used by the fishermen of Newfoundland and Labrador ; descended from imported European dogs brought to

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4960-523: The western valleys "will barely touch [dog meat] even in times of famine". Christian also observed dog being eaten on Tahuata and Fatu Hiva . French artist Paul Gauguin depicted scenes including dogs in the Marquesas in several works while he lived on Hiva Oa. His 1902 painting Le sorcier d'Hiva-Oa ou Le Marquisien à la cape rouge possibly depicts a dog killing the now-extinct Marquesas swamphen ( Porphyrio paepae ). In Herman Melville 's 1846 semi-fictionalized work, Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life ,

5040-3374: The world . Neptune City, New Jersey: TFH Publications. v t e Extinct dog breeds, varieties, landraces and types African hairless dog Alaunt Alpine mastiff Argentine polar dog Belgian Mastiff Black and Tan Terrier Blue Paul Terrier Braque Dupuy Buckhound Bullenbeisser Chien-gris Chiribaya Dog Córdoba fighting dog Cumberland Sheepdog Cur Dalbo dog Dogo Cubano Dumfriesshire Black and Tan Foxhound English Water Spaniel English White Terrier Fila da Terceira Grand Fauve de Bretagne Halls Heeler Hare Indian Dog Hawaiian Poi Dog King's White Hound Kurī Laconian Lapponian Shepherd Limer Marquesan Dog Molossus Moscow Water Dog Norfolk Spaniel Norman Hound North Country Beagle Old Croatian Sighthound Old English Bulldog Old Spanish Pointer Old Welsh Grey Sheepdog Paisley Terrier Polynesian Dog Rache Russian tracker Saint John's water dog Sakhalin Husky Salish Wool Dog Sleuth hound Southern Hound Staghound Tahltan Bear Dog Tahitian Dog Talbot Hound Techichi Tesem Toy Bulldog Toy Trawler Spaniel Turnspit dog Tweed Water Spaniel Welsh Hillman v t e Dogs Types African village dog Free-ranging dog Pye-dog Street dog Hairless dog Herding dog Collie Livestock guardian dog Sheep dog Hunting dog Cur Feist Lurcher Gun dog Pointer Retriever Setter Spaniel Water dog Hound Scenthound Basset Coonhound Foxhound Sighthound Longdog Terrier Bull-type terrier Pinscher Schnauzer Mastiff Bulldog Spitz Husky Laika Tugou Toy dog Bichon Turnspit dog Breeds List of breeds List of crossbreeds Mixed-breed dog Crossbreed Extinct breeds Most popular Roles Assistance dog Autism dog Guide dog Hearing dog Medical response dog Seizure dog Mobility assistance dog Therapy dog Psychiatric assistance dog Attack dog Bay dog Carriage dog Catch dog Companion dog Detection dog Fighting dog Guard dog Lap dog Meat dog Mercy dog Police dog usage by country Search and rescue dog Sled dog War dog Behavior Communication Barking Body language Howling Intelligence Dog–cat relationship Human–dog interaction Animal testing Baiting Breed-specific legislation Cynanthropy Dog bite Dog daycare Dog fighting Dog food dog biscuit 2007 recalls Dog grooming Dogs in religion Dogs in space Dog licence Dog meat Dog park Dog show Dog theft Dog sports Dog walking Fear of dogs Human–canine bond Origin of

5120-421: The world . Shrewsbury: Swan Hill Press. ISBN   1-85310-912-6 . Cummins, John (2001). The hound and the hawk: the art of medieval hunting . London: Phoenix Press. ISBN   1-84212-097-2 . Fiorone, Fiorenzo (1973). The encyclopedia of dogs: the canine breeds . New York: Thomas Y. Cromwell Company. ISBN   0-690-00056-1 . Fogle, Bruce (2009). The encyclopedia of

5200-520: The world of the gods and darkness, and the Ao, the everyday world of people and light, so that people could communicate with their ancestors ." Notable marae include Vai'otaha marae on Borabora , Mataʻireʻa marae on Huahine , and Taputapuātea marae , a UNESCO World Heritage site on Raʻiātea, considered to be one of the most sacred sites in Polynesia. ʻOro marae on Tahiti included Vaiʻotaha marae at Tautira ,

5280-593: The year 1797 and was banished for the above crime". Around 1798, Captain Edmund Fanning left him on Nuku Hiva in the care of British missionary William Pascoe Crook who left him with a local ruler Keattonnue (i.e. King Cato), but on June 8, 1803, another American Captain Brinell recalled Pato and replaced him with two other dogs. During the Nuku Hiva Campaign of 1813, United States Naval Captain David Porter reported

5360-515: Was a miniature version of the Bulldog , popular in the late Victorian era as a companion dog ; it is considered to be the progenitor of the French Bulldog (which surpassed it in popularity) and the last record of it was in 1914. Toy Trawler Spaniel [REDACTED] Turnspit dog [REDACTED] A British dog type used in larger kitchens to run in a wheel that turned

5440-793: Was all-white in appearance; it was the progenitor of the Fox Terrier and one of several progenitors of the Bull Terrier . Fila da Terceira [REDACTED] A mastiff -type dog from the Azores, it was the ancestor of both the Saint Miguel Cattle Dog and the Fila Brasileiro . Fuegian dog [REDACTED] A domesticated form of the culpeo ( Lycalopex culpaeus ). Grand Fauve de Bretagne [REDACTED] A French breed of scenthound from Brittany that

5520-564: Was bred primarily as a pet and a show dog version of the Skye Terrier ; it is considered to be the progenitor of the Yorkshire Terrier . Polynesian Dog A catch-all term for four breeds on this list: the Hawaiian Poi Dog, Kurī, Marquesan Dog and Tahitian Dog (see above and below). Rache [REDACTED] A British type of hound in the Middle Ages , they were a fast-running scenthound used to drive game toward

5600-540: Was buried in a coffin. Millerstrom summarized these earlier findings and personally analyzed many of the petroglyphs of dogs left by the prehistoric Polynesians in her 2003 paper "Facts and Fantasies: the Archaeology of the Marquesan Dog". She noted that further research needs to be done on the linguistic evidence tracing the movement of dogs within Oceania , the socio-economic roles of dog in Marquesan and Oceanian cultures, and

5680-564: Was described as being between a spaniel and a retriever in appearance; very popular with wildfowlers in the mid-19th century, it is considered to be the progenitor of both the Curly-Coated Retriever and the Flat-Coated Retriever (which both surpassed it in popularity) and it disappeared around the end of the 19th century. English White Terrier [REDACTED] A British breed of terrier from England that

5760-432: Was introduced to New Zealand by the Polynesian ancestors of the Māori during their migration from East Polynesia in the 13th century AD. Laconian [REDACTED] An extinct Spartan hunting dog typically used for hunting; known for its speed. Lapponian Shepherd Also known as Cockhill's Finnish Lapphound; it became extinct in the 1980s. Limer [REDACTED] A scenthound in

5840-549: Was its main diet. It became extinct after the introduction of European dog breeds to the islands. King's White Hound [REDACTED] A French breed of scenthound that was kept by the Kings of France from Louis XI to Louis XV ; known as the Chien Blanc du Roi in French, they became extinct when Louis XV disbanded the pack in 1725. Kurī [REDACTED] It

5920-481: Was raised for its hair, which was used like a sheep's wool. Sleuth hound Southern Hound [REDACTED] A British medium-sized scenthound that was used for hunting hare ; a slow-paced, deep-scenting hound believed to be related to the Bloodhound , they became extinct towards the end of the 18th century when faster hounds became more popular for hare hunting. Staghound [REDACTED] An English breed of scenthound that

6000-412: Was the only living person who knew the names of the tiki at the site. Measuring 82 centimetres (32 in) high, and 90 centimetres (35 in) in diameter, the first tiki was a megalithic stone head representing an unknown ʻupoko heʻaka "sacrificial victim" . Von den Steinen named it Opferkopf Manuiotaa ("Sacrificial Head Manuiotaa"), after the famous 18th-century Marquesan sculptor Manuiotaʻa from

6080-597: Was used for stag hunting; developed in the Middle Ages, they effectively became extinct when the last pack was sold to Germany in 1826. Tahitian Dog [REDACTED] Tahltan Bear Dog [REDACTED] The Tahltan Bear Dog was a breed of dog that came to Canada in early migrations and acclimatised to the environment. Developed by the Tahltan people. Talbot Hound [REDACTED] A British small to medium-sized white scenthound known from

6160-494: Was used to hunt wolves and wild boar ; the breed became extinct in the late 19th century after the extirpation of wolves from much of France. Halls Heeler [REDACTED] An Australian breed of cattle- herding dog bred from imported Scotch collies crossed with dingoes ; it is claimed that they were the progenitor of the Australian Cattle Dog . Hare Indian Dog [REDACTED] Possibly

6240-412: Was used to designate springer-type spaniels that were neither Sussex nor Clumber Spaniels . Norman Hound A large breed of French scenthound from Normandy believed to be one of the ancestors of the Bloodhound ; it became extinct in the 19th century as hunters switched to faster hound types. North Country Beagle [REDACTED] A British medium-sized scenthound that

6320-489: Was used to hunt hare , it was said to be smaller, with a sharper nose and faster than the contemporary Southern Hound ; it is believed to be one of the foundation breeds of the modern English Foxhound . Old Croatian Sighthound A Croatian breed of sighthound used to course all forms of local game; they were known from the Middle Ages . Old English Bulldog [REDACTED] A British breed of specialised small mastiff -type dogs developed from

6400-796: Was very similar to the Border Collie ; its numbers declined from the mid-20th century onward. Cur [REDACTED] A British breed of herding dog used by cattle drovers in England, it was known for its distinctive stumpy tail; it likely became extinct in the mid-19th century. Dalbo dog [REDACTED] The Dalbo dog (Dalbohund) or Dalsland Mastiff is an extinct livestock guardian dog breed from Sweden. Dogo Cubano [REDACTED] A Cuban breed of mastiff originally used for bull-baiting , dog fighting and recapturing runaway slaves ; believed to have been descended from introduced Spanish Mastiffs, they became extinct in

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