162-405: Maro Charitra ( transl. Another History ) is a 1978 Indian Telugu -language romantic tragedy film written and directed by K. Balachander . It stars Kamal Haasan and Saritha in the lead with Madhavi appearing in prominent roles. The film deals with cross-cultural romance between a Tamil man and a young Telugu woman. Upon release, it was commercially successful and remains
324-522: A Best Director at the Southern Filmfare Awards in 1979. Later in 1981, Balachander remade the film in Hindi as Ek Duuje Ke Liye with Kamal Haasan reprising his role. Saritha, the female lead, was, however, replaced by Punjabi actress Rati Agnihotri . The Hindi remake became a success as well. Both the films were listed among CNN-IBN 's 100 greatest Indian films of all time in 2013. This film
486-714: A Prakrit dialect without exception. Some reverse coin legends are in Telugu and Tamil languages. The period from the 4th century CE to 1022 CE marks the second phase of Telugu history, following the Andhra Ikshvaku period. The first long inscription entirely in Telugu, dated to 575 CE, is attributed to the Renati Choda king Dhanunjaya and found in the Kadapa district . An early Telugu label inscription, "tolacuwānḍru" (తొలచువాండ్రు; transl. rock carvers or quarrymen ),
648-405: A hardness of up to 1000 ppm, around three times higher than is desirable, is the main source of drinking water but the increasing population and consequent increase in demand has led to a decline in not only ground water but also river and lake levels. This shortage is further exacerbated by inadequately treated affluent discharged from industrial treatment plants polluting the water sources of
810-754: A year-long siege of the Golconda Fort. The annexed city "Hyderabad" was renamed Darul Jihad (House of War), whereas the main territories of the Golconda Sultanate were incorporated into the Mughal empire as the province Hyderabad Subah . Mughal rule in Hyderabad was administered by three main governors: Jan Sipar Khan (1688–1700), his son Rustam Dil Khan (1700–13) and Mubariz Khan (1713–24). In 1713, Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar appointed Mubariz Khan as Governor of Hyderabad. During his tenure, he fortified
972-430: A "dark-skinned girl with big eyes" named Abhilasha, who was in tenth grade. Though the members of the production unit were unsatisfied with her dark complexion and fat physique, Balachander went ahead in finalising her for the role as he felt she had a homely look and was of the right age to fit in the role. Later, she was rechristened Saritha by Balachander himself. In a 2005 interview with The Hindu , she said that she
1134-523: A college trip to Mangalore , where her mother sends her cousin Chakram to spy on her. Chakram wants to marry Swapna, but she doesn't like him. Coincidentally, Baloo also comes to Mangalore due to a job assignment. He spots Swapna and follows her to her hotel room, but bumps into Chakram, who lies that he and Swapna are married. A shocked Baloo meets Swapna's college friends and asks about her, but they mistakenly say Chakram and Swapna are soon to be married. Baloo
1296-517: A combination of vehicle discharge and road dust, 10–30% from industrial discharges and 3–10% from the burning of household rubbish. Deaths resulting from atmospheric particulate matter are estimated at 1,700–3,000 each year. The city's "VIP areas", the Assembly building, Secretariat, and Telangana chief minister's office, have particularly low air quality index ratings, suffering from high levels of PM2.5 's. Ground water around Hyderabad, which has
1458-453: A command over the Telugu language, alongside Sanskrit , Tamil , Meitei , Oriya , Persian , or Arabic , is highly appreciated and respected for learning dances (most significantly Indian Classical Dances ) as dancers could have the tools of these languages to go into the primary material texts. Telugu is natively spoken in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and Yanam district of Puducherry . Telugu speakers are also found in
1620-618: A cult classic. Owing to its success in Andhra Pradesh , the film was released in the neighbouring states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka without being dubbed into the respective languages. It held the record of being the longest-running Telugu film at theatres in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka . Across theatres it had an uninterrupted theatrical run of 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 years in Bangalore . The song Ye Theega Poovuno became popular. Balachander won
1782-573: A fixed annual rent, got the right to control and collect the taxes at Coromandel Coast . In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Asaf Jahi Nizams. In response to regular threats from Hyder Ali (Dalwai of Mysore ), Baji Rao I ( Peshwa of the Maratha Empire ), and Basalath Jung (Asaf Jah II's elder brother, who was supported by French General the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau ),
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#17328957184891944-466: A gang brutally beat up Baloo. Meanwhile, Swapna is heading to the beach to meet Baloo. The lascivious bookstore clerk tries to attack her, Swapna tries to escape him and falls from the second floor. The bookstore clerk, seeing her almost dead from the fall, rapes her despite her protests. Swapna and Baloo meet after the clerk and the goons flee. However, Baloo is badly injured. Distraught, feeling they can't live without each other, they join hands and leap off
2106-472: A handful of Telugu inscriptions in the Kakatiya era between 1135 CE and 1324 CE. Andhra is characterised as having its own mother tongue, and its territory has been equated with the extent of the Telugu language. The equivalence between the Telugu linguistic sphere and the geographical boundaries of Andhra is also brought out in an eleventh-century description of Andhra boundaries. Andhra, according to this text,
2268-535: A job, while Swapna stays behind in Vizag. During their year of separation, Baloo writes a letter every day to Swapna, in which he expresses his pain and love, but doesn't send it to her because of the contract. He learns to speak Telugu fluently from a young widow named Sandhya. To drown his pain of separation, he also learns classical dance from Sandhya. On the other hand, Swapna visits all the places where she and Baloo used to go which brings back old memories. She also visits
2430-443: A love song for her using his broken Telugu. This leads to an amused crowd at the hotel lift listening in. They are reprimanded by the guard as they exit. Baloo and Swapna's families find out. In anger, they lock up Swapna at home and Baloo's father scolds him. Despite the opposition, Baloo boldly goes and meets Swapna in her home in the presence of her parents and expresses his love for her. Swapna's mother screams and claims that Baloo
2592-575: A peace treaty was signed and the Musunuri Nayakas ceded Golconda Fort to the Bahmani Sultan. The Bahmani Sultans ruled the region until 1518 and were the first independent Muslim rulers of the Deccan. In 1496 Sultan Quli was appointed as a Bahmani governor of Telangana. He rebuilt, expanded and fortified the old mud fort of Golconda and named the city "Muhammad Nagar". In 1518, he revolted against
2754-524: A period of political unrest as his sons and grandson— Nasir Jung (1748–1750), Muzaffar Jang (1750–1751) and Salabat Jung (1751–1762)—contended for the throne backed by opportunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces. The accession of Asaf Jah II , who reigned from 1762 to 1803, ended the instability. In 1768 he signed the Treaty of Masulipatam —by which the East India Company in return for
2916-429: A rocky hill by the beach, where their names 'Baloo' and 'Swapna' are painted on the highest rock. In order to make Swapna forget Baloo, her mother destroys the cassette tape that he had given her. The mother also burns her only photo of Baloo which Swapna crumbles into her tea and drinks in defiance. In response, Swapna writes Baloo's name on every inch of her bedroom wall, making her family even more angry. Swapna goes on
3078-451: A thousand years. Pavuluri Mallana 's Sāra Sangraha Ganitamu ( c. 11th century ) is the first scientific treatise on mathematics in any Dravidian language. Avadhānaṃ , a literary performance that requires immense memory power and an in-depth knowledge of literature and prosody , originated and was specially cultivated among Telugu poets for over five centuries. Roughly 10,000 pre-colonial inscriptions exist in Telugu. In
3240-405: A traditional manufacturing city to a cosmopolitan industrial service centre. Since the 1990s, the growth of information technology (IT), IT-enabled services (ITES), insurance and financial institutions has expanded the service sector, and these primary economic activities have boosted the ancillary sectors of trade and commerce, transport, storage, communication, real estate and retail. As of 2021 ,
3402-924: Is Tirumala of the Telugu ation. Telugu place names are present all around Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Common suffixes are - ooru, -pudi, -padu, -peta, -pattanam, -wada, - gallu, -cherla, -seema, -gudem, -palle, -palem, -konda, -veedu, -valasa, -pakam, -paka, -prolu, -wolu, -waka, -ili, -kunta, -parru, -villi, -gadda, -kallu, -eru, -varam,-puram,-pedu and - palli . Examples that use this nomenclature are Nellore , Tadepalligudem , Guntur , Chintalapudi , Yerpedu , Narasaraopeta , Sattenapalle , Visakapatnam , Vizianagaram , Ananthagiri , Vijayawada , Vuyyuru , Macherla , Poranki , Ramagundam , Warangal , Mancherial , Peddapalli , Siddipet , Pithapuram , Banswada , and Miryalaguda . There are four regional dialects in Telugu: Colloquially, Telangana , Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra dialects are considered
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#17328957184893564-626: Is a classical Dravidian language native to the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana , where it is also the official language . Spoken by about 96 million people (2022), Telugu is the most widely spoken member of the Dravidian language family, and one of the twenty-two scheduled languages of the Republic of India . It is one of the few languages that has primary official status in more than one Indian state , alongside Hindi and Bengali . Telugu
3726-517: Is a civic administration agency overseeing an area of 40.1 km (15.5 sq mi), where there are several military camps. The Osmania University campus is administered independently by the university authority. Appointed in February 2021, Gadwal Vijayalakshmi of Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) is serving as the mayor of GHMC. In Hyderabad police jurisdiction is divided into three commissionerates: Hyderabad (established in 1847 AD,
3888-495: Is a result of an "n" to "l" alternation established in Telugu. The popular belief holds that Telugu is derived from Trilinga of Trilinga Kshetras being the land bounded by the three Lingas which is Telugu homeland. P. Chenchiah and Bhujanga Rao note that Atharvana Acharya in the 13th century wrote a grammar of Telugu, calling it the Trilinga Śabdānusāsana (or Trilinga Grammar) . However, most scholars note that Atharvana's grammar
4050-663: Is always at loggerheads with the Telugu-speaking neighbour family. The family has a beautiful daughter named Swapna, a college student. While being followed on her way home by a creepy bookstore clerk (who'd earlier shown her a book of nude photos), Swapna sees Baloo jogging and starts a one-way conversation with him. Seeing this, the bookstore clerk retreats. Swapna thanks Baloo for pretending to be her friend, but he reveals that he doesn't understand Telugu. Baloo wants to make friends with her. He tries to meet her later pretending his motorcycle has broken down but he crashes and ends up in
4212-465: Is chaos in their homes as they face an unexpected test of their love. The movie begins with an old, ruined building near the beautiful beach of Vizag . The dilapidated walls of the building are covered with many names, but two names stand apart from the rest---Baloo and Swapna. Baloo is a happy, carefree young man who belongs to a Tamil family. He resigns his job after his boss scolds him and he returns to his home in Vizag. His orthodox Tamilian father
4374-531: Is dated to around 200 BCE. This word was further analyzed by Iravatham Mahadevan in his attempts to decipher the Indus script . Several Telugu words, primarily personal and place names, were identified at Amaravati , Nagarjunakonda , Krishna river basin , Ballari , Eluru , Ongole and Nellore between 200 BCE and 500 CE. The Ghantasala Brahmin inscription and the pillar inscription of Vijaya Satakarni at Vijayapuri, Nagarjunakonda , and other locations date to
4536-563: Is dotted with residential areas such as Malkajgiri , Neredmet , A. S. Rao Nagar and Uppal . In the eastern part of the city lie many defence research centres and Ramoji Film City . The "Cyberabad" area in the southwest and west of the city, consisting of Madhapur and Gachibowli has grown rapidly since the 1990s. It is home to information technology and bio-pharmaceutical companies and to landmarks such as Hyderabad Airport, Osman Sagar , Himayath Sagar and Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park . Heritage buildings constructed during
4698-954: Is engaged in this sector. Hyderabad's role in the pearl trade has given it the name " City of Pearls " and up until the 18th century, the city was the only global trading centre for diamonds known as Golconda diamonds . Industrialisation began under the Nizams in the late 19th century, helped by railway expansion that connected the city with major ports. From the 1950s to the 1970s, Indian enterprises, such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC), National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC), Bharat Electronics (BEL), Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH) and Andhra Bank (AB) were established in
4860-623: Is found on one of the rock-cut caves around the Keesaragutta temple , 35 kilometers from Hyderabad . This inscription is dated to the Vishnukundina period of around 400 CE and is the earliest known short Telugu inscription from the Telangana region. Several titles of Mahendravarman I in Telugu language, dated to c. 600 CE , were inscribed on cave-inscriptions in Tamil Nadu. From
5022-564: Is from the city. The development of HITEC City , a township with extensive technological infrastructure, prompted multinational companies to establish facilities in Hyderabad. The city is home to more than 1300 IT and ITES firms that provide employment for 407,000 individuals; the global conglomerates include Microsoft , Apple , Amazon , Google , IBM , Yahoo! , Oracle Corporation , Dell , Facebook , CISCO , and major Indian firms including Tech Mahindra , Infosys , Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Polaris, Cyient and Wipro . In 2009
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5184-444: Is heartbroken and proposes to Sandhya, thinking that Swapna was unfaithful to him. Sandhya is surprised but accepts and fixes their wedding date. Later she finds in his room all the letters he wrote to Swapna, and discovers the truth. Sandhya goes to Vizag and meets Swapna and learns that she is not married and is still waiting for Baloo. Seeing their true love, Sandhya sacrifices her love and decides to unite Baloo and Swapna. She tells
5346-739: Is home to regional birds and attracts seasonal migratory birds from different parts of the world. Organisations engaged in environmental and wildlife preservation include the Telangana Forest Department , Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education , the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), the Animal Welfare Board of India , the Blue Cross of Hyderabad and
5508-601: Is managed by the Integrated Solid Waste Management project which was started by the GHMC in 2010. Rapid urbanisation and increased economic activity has led to increased industrial waste , air , noise and water pollution , which is regulated by the Telangana Pollution Control Board (TPCB). The contribution of different sources to air pollution in 2006 was: 20–50% from vehicles, 40–70% from
5670-468: Is no patch on the original". Maro Charitra became a landmark in Telugu cinema, and a breakthrough for Saritha and Haasan (in Telugu cinema). In 2017, Kamal Haasan included the film in his list of 70 favourite movies, stating "This was the original for Ek Duje Ke Liye (1981), which was also directed by K Balachander. The Telugu film ran in Chennai for two years. Here the boy was Tamil, the girl Telugu. It
5832-453: Is one of the languages designated as a classical language by the Government of India . It is the 14th most spoken native language in the world. Modern Standard Telugu is based on the dialect of erstwhile Krishna, Guntur, East Godavari and West Godavari districts of Coastal Andhra . Telugu is also spoken in the states of Karnataka , Tamil Nadu , Maharashtra , Chhattisgarh , Orissa and
5994-421: Is ruining their family honor. Finally, both the families meet and Baloo and Swapna affirm their love for each other. Their families agree to allow them to marry on one condition – that they separate from each other for one year without any contact or communication. Afterwards, if they still want to be together, they can get married. Baloo and Swapna reluctantly agree to the contract. Baloo goes to Hyderabad for
6156-675: Is the seat of the Government of Telangana , Government of Andhra Pradesh and the President of India's winter retreat Rashtrapati Nilayam , as well as the Telangana High Court and various local government agencies. The Lower City Civil Court and the Metropolitan Criminal Court are under the jurisdiction of the High Court. The GHMC area contains 24 State Legislative Assembly constituencies, which form five constituencies of
6318-566: The Rajpramukh (Princely Governor) of the state until it was abolished on 31 October 1956. Between 1946 and 1951, the Communist Party of India fomented the Telangana uprising against the feudal lords of the Telangana region . The Constitution of India , which became effective on 26 January 1950, made Hyderabad State one of the part B states of India, with Hyderabad city continuing to be
6480-464: The Buddha statue and Tankbund Park are located here. In the northwest part of the city there are upscale residential and commercial areas such as Banjara Hills , Jubilee Hills , Begumpet , Khairtabad , Tolichowki , Jagannath Temple and Miyapur . The northern end contains industrial areas such as Kukatpally , Sanathnagar , Moosapet , Balanagar , Patancheru and Chanda Nagar . The northeast end
6642-640: The Deccan Plateau in the northern part of South India. Greater Hyderabad covers 650 km (250 sq mi), making it one of the largest metropolitan areas in India. With an average altitude of 542 m (1,778 ft), Hyderabad lies on predominantly sloping terrain of grey and pink granite , dotted with small hills, the highest being Banjara Hills at 672 m (2,205 ft). The city has numerous lakes sometime referred to as sagar , meaning "sea". Examples include artificial lakes created by dams on
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6804-757: The Indian Union or newly formed Dominion of Pakistan . The Hyderabad State Congress, with the support of the Indian National Congress and the Communist Party of India , began agitating against Nizam VII in 1948. On 17 September that year, the Indian Army took control of Hyderabad State after an invasion codenamed Operation Polo . With the defeat of his forces, Nizam VII capitulated to the Indian Union by signing an Instrument of Accession , which made him
6966-726: The Kacheguda railway station , all designed by Vincent Esch . Other landmark structures of the city constructed during his regin are the State Central Library , the Telangana Legislature, the State Archaeology Museum , Jubilee Hall , and Hyderabad railway station . Other landmarks of note are Paigah Palace , Asman Garh Palace , Basheer Bagh Palace , Errum Manzil and the Spanish Mosque , all constructed by
7128-648: The Kakatiya dynasty from 1158, whose seat of power was at Warangal —148 km (92 mi) northeast of modern Hyderabad. The Kakatiya ruler Ganapatideva (1199–1262) built a hilltop outpost —later known as Golconda Fort —to defend their western region. The Kakatiya dynasty was reduced to a vassal of the Khalji dynasty in 1310 after its defeat by Sultan Alauddin Khalji of the Delhi Sultanate . This lasted until 1321 when
7290-650: The Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Parliament of India). The HMWSSB (Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply & Sewage Board) regulates rainwater harvesting , sewerage services, and water supply. In 2005, the HMWSSB started operating a 116 km-long (72 mi) water supply pipeline from Nagarjuna Sagar Dam to meet increasing demand. The Telangana Southern Power Distribution Company Limited (TSPDCL) manages electricity supply. As of 2014 , there were 15 fire stations in
7452-492: The Paigah family . Recent estimates of the economy of Hyderabad's metropolitan area have ranged from US$ 40- US$ 74 billion ( PPP GDP ), and have ranked it either fifth- or sixth- most productive metro area of India . Hyderabad is the largest contributor to the gross domestic product (GDP), tax and other revenues, of Telangana, and the sixth largest deposit centre and fourth largest credit centre nationwide, as ranked by
7614-826: The Proto-Dravidian language around 1000 BCE. The earliest Telugu words appear in Prakrit inscriptions dating to c. 4th century BCE , found in Bhattiprolu , Andhra Pradesh. Telugu label inscriptions and Prakrit inscriptions containing Telugu words have been dated to the era of Emperor Ashoka (257 BCE), as well as to the Satavahana and Vishnukundina periods. Inscriptions in Old Telugu script were found as far away as Indonesia and Myanmar . Telugu has been in use as an official language for over 1,400 years and has served as
7776-567: The Qutb Shahi and Nizam eras showcase Indo-Islamic architecture influenced by Medieval , Mughal and European styles. After the 1908 flooding of the Musi River , the city was expanded and civic monuments constructed, particularly during the rule of Mir Osman Ali Khan (the VIIth Nizam), whose patronage of architecture led to him being referred to as the maker of modern Hyderabad. In 2012,
7938-514: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in June 2012. Its per capita annual income in 2011 was ₹ 44,300 (US$ 530). As of 2006 , the largest employers in the city were the state government (113,098 employees) and central government (85,155). According to a 2005 survey, 77% of males and 19% of females in the city were employed. The service industry remains dominant in the city, and 90% of the employed workforce
8100-1137: The Reserve Bank of India , the Telangana Secretariat , the India Government Mint , the Telangana Legislature , the Public Gardens , Shahi Masjid , the Nizam Club , the Ravindra Bharathi , the State Museum , the Birla Temple and the Birla Planetarium . North of central Hyderabad lies Hussain Sagar, Tank Bund Road , Rani Gunj and the Secunderabad railway station . Most of the city's parks and recreational centres, such as Sanjeevaiah Park , Indira Park , Lumbini Park , NTR Gardens ,
8262-563: The Stone Age . In 2008, Archaeologists excavating near the city have unearthed Iron Age sites that may date from 500 BCE . The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was ruled by the Chalukya dynasty from 624 CE to 1075 CE. Following the dissolution of the Chalukya empire into four parts in the 11th century, Golconda—now part of Hyderabad—came under the control of
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#17328957184898424-409: The Telugu from the Telugu-Kannada alphabet took place. The Vijayanagara Empire gained dominance from 1336 to the late 17th century, reaching its peak during the rule of Krishnadevaraya in the 16th century, when Telugu literature experienced what is considered its Golden Age . The 15th-century Venetian explorer Niccolò de' Conti , who visited the Vijayanagara Empire , found that the words in
8586-410: The University of Hyderabad . According to the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 part 2 Section 5: "(1) On and from the appointed day, Hyderabad in the existing State of Andhra Pradesh, shall be the common capital of the State of Telangana and the State of Andhra Pradesh for such period not exceeding ten years. (2) After the expiry of the period referred to in subsection (1), Hyderabad shall be
8748-463: The World Bank Group ranked the city as the second best Indian city for doing business . The city and its suburbs contain the highest number of special economic zones of any Indian city. The Automotive industry in Hyderabad is also emerging and making it an automobile hub. Automobile companies including as Hyundai , Hyderabad Allwyn , Praga Tools , HMT Bearings , Ordnance Factory Medak , Deccan Auto and Mahindra & Mahindra have units in
8910-717: The south-west summer monsoon falls between June and October, supplying Hyderabad with most of its mean annual rainfall. Since records began in November 1891, the heaviest rainfall recorded in a 24-hour period was 241.5 mm (10 in) on 24 August 2000. The highest temperature ever recorded was 45.5 °C (114 °F) on 2 June 1966, and the lowest was 6.1 °C (43 °F) on 8 January 1946. The city receives 2,731 hours of sunshine per year; maximum daily sunlight exposure occurs in February. Hyderabad has been ranked 21st best "National Clean Air City" (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' Hyderabad's lakes and
9072-407: The 14th century. In the latter half of the 17th century, the Mughal Empire extended further south, culminating in the establishment of the Hyderabad State by the dynasty of the Nizam of Hyderabad in 1724. This heralded an era of Persian influence on the Telugu language, especially Hyderabad State. The effect is also evident in the prose of the early 19th century, as in the kaifiyats . In
9234-523: The 1990s, the city has emerged as an Indian hub of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology and information technology. The formation of the special economic zones of Hardware Park and HITEC City , dedicated to information technology, has encouraged leading multinationals to set up operations in Hyderabad. The name Hyderabad means "Haydar's City" or "Lion City", from haydar 'lion' and ābād 'city', after Caliph Ali Ibn Abi Talib , also known as Haydar because of his lion-like valour in battle. The city
9396-430: The 2005 National Family Health Survey, it was reported that the city's total fertility rate is 1.8, which is below the replacement rate . Only 61% of children had been provided with all basic vaccines ( BCG , measles and full courses of polio and DPT ), fewer than in all other surveyed cities except Meerut . The infant mortality rate was 35 per 1,000 live births, and the mortality rate for children under five
9558-409: The 2011 census, the religious make-up of Greater Hyderabad was: Hindus (64.9%), Muslims (30.1%), Christians (2.8%), Jains (0.3%), Sikhs (0.3%) and Buddhists (0.1%); 1.5% did not state any religion. Languages of Hyderabad (2011) Telugu and Urdu are both official languages of the city, and most Hyderabadis are bilingual. The Telugu dialect spoken in Hyderabad is called Telangana Mandalika , and
9720-410: The 6th century onwards, complete Telugu inscriptions began to appear in districts neighbouring Kadapa such as Prakasam and Palnadu . Metrically composed Telugu inscriptions and those with ornamental or literary prose appear from 630 CE. The Madras Museum plates of Balliya-Choda dated to the mid-ninth century CE, are the earliest copper plate grants in the Telugu language. During this period, Telugu
9882-423: The Bahmani Sultanate and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty . The fifth Qutb Shahi sultan, Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah , established Hyderabad on the banks of the Musi River in 1591, to avoid water shortages experienced at Golconda. During his rule, he had the Charminar and Mecca Masjid built in the city. On 21 September 1687, the Golconda Sultanate came under the rule of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after
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#173289571848910044-414: The Bollywood debut of many South Indian artists including Kamal Haasan, Madhavi and playback singer S. P. Balasubrahmanyam . In the 1981 film, Balachander chose Rati Agnihotri over Saritha as he conceived that a Punjabi girl would be more suitable to the Hindi audience. In 2005, the film was remade in Kannada as Love Story (dubbed in Tamil as Uyirullavarai ), with a Hindi man and a Kannada woman as
10206-406: The CWE are illiterate. About 3.7% of the slum children aged 5–14 do not go to school and 3.2% work as child labour , of whom 64% are boys and 36% are girls. The largest employers of child labour are street shops and construction sites. Among the working children, 35% are engaged in hazardous jobs. The historic city established by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah on the southern side of the Musi River forms
10368-467: The Charminar, Mecca Masjid, Salar Jung Museum , Nizam Museum , Telangana High Court , Falaknuma Palace , Chowmahalla Palace and the traditional retail corridor comprising the Pearl Market , Laad Bazaar and Madina Circle . North of the river are hospitals, colleges, major railway stations and business areas such as Begum Bazaar , Koti , Abids , Sultan Bazar and Moazzam Jahi Market , along with administrative and recreational establishments such as
10530-466: The Delhi sultanate in 1333—took Warangal under their direct control and declared it as their capital. In 1347 when Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah , a governor under bin Tughluq, rebelled against Delhi and established the Bahmani Sultanate in the Deccan Plateau , with Gulbarga —200 km (124 mi) west of Hyderabad—as its capital, both the neighbouring rulers Musunuri Nayakas of Warangal and Bahmani Sultans of Gulbarga engaged in many wars until 1364–65 when
10692-475: The GHMC area ("Hyderabad city"), and the area under the Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA). The HMDA is an apolitical urban planning agency that covers the GHMC and its suburbs, extending to 54 mandals in five districts encircling the city. It coordinates the development activities of GHMC and suburban municipalities and manages the administration of bodies such as the Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (HMWSSB). Hyderabad
10854-447: The Hadhrami Arabs are the largest, declined after Hyderabad State became part of the Indian Union, as they lost the patronage of the Asaf Jahi Nizams. Hindus are in the majority. Muslims form a very large minority and are present throughout the city and predominate in and around the Old City of Hyderabad . There are also Christian, Sikh, Jain, Buddhist and Parsi communities and iconic churches , mosques and temples . According to
11016-401: The IT exports from Hyderabad were ₹ 1,45,522 crore ( US$ 19.66 billion), the city houses 1500 IT and TES companies that provide 628,615 jobs. Hyderabad's commercial markets are divided into four sectors: central business districts, sub-central business centres, neighbourhood business centres and local business centres. Many traditional and historic bazaars are located throughout
11178-409: The Indian government proposed that the sites be listed for UNESCO World Heritage status . Among the oldest surviving examples of Nizam architecture in Hyderabad is the Chowmahalla Palace , which was the seat of royal power . It showcases a diverse array of architectural styles, from the Baroque Harem to its Neoclassical royal court. The other palaces include Falaknuma Palace (inspired by
11340-522: The Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana . It is one of the 22 languages under schedule 8 of the constitution of India . It is one of the official languages of the union territories of Puducherry . Telugu is a protected language in South Africa . According to the Constitution of South Africa , the Pan South African Language Board must promote and ensure respect for Telugu along with other languages. The Government of South Africa announced that Telugu will be re-included as an official subject in
11502-459: The Kakatiya dynasty was annexed by Malik Kafur , Khalji's general. During this period, Khalji took the Koh-i-Noor diamond, which is said to have been mined from the Kollur Mines of Golconda, to Delhi. Muhammad bin Tughluq succeeded to the Delhi sultanate in 1325, bringing Warangal under the rule of the Tughlaq dynasty ; Malik Maqbul Tilangani was appointed its governor. In 1336 the regional chieftains Musunuri Nayakas —who revolted against
11664-522: The Musi, such as Hussain Sagar (built-in 1562 near the city centre), Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar . As of 1996 , the city had 140 lakes and 834 water tanks (ponds). Hyderabad has a tropical wet and dry climate ( Köppen Aw ) bordering on a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh ). The annual mean temperature is 26.6 °C (79.9 °F); monthly mean temperatures are 21–33 °C (70–91 °F). Summers (March–June) are hot and dry, with average highs in
11826-674: The Nizam signed a subsidiary alliance with the East India Company in 1798, allowing the British Indian Army to be stationed at Bolarum (modern Secunderabad ) to protect the state's capital, for which the Nizams paid an annual maintenance to the British. Until 1874 there were no modern industries in Hyderabad. With the introduction of railways in the 1880s, four factories were built to the south and east of Hussain Sagar lake, and during
11988-667: The South African schools after it was removed from the curriculum in state schools. In addition, with the creation in October 2004 of a legal status for classical languages by the Government of India on 8 August 2008, Telugu was also given classical language status due to several campaigns. According to the famous Japanese historian Noboru Karashima who served as the president of the Epigraphical Society of India in 1985, there are approximately 10,000 inscriptions which exist in
12150-751: The Telangana region were merged with the Telugu-speaking Andhra State to create Andhra Pradesh, with Hyderabad as its capital. Several protests, known collectively as the Telangana movement , attempted to invalidate the merger and demanded the creation of a new Telangana state. Major actions took place in 1969 and 1972, and a third began in 2010. The city suffered several explosions: one at Dilsukhnagar in 2002 claimed two lives; terrorist bombs in May and August 2007 caused communal tension and riots ; and two bombs exploded in February 2013 . On 30 July 2013
12312-574: The Telugu language as of the year 1996 making it one of the most densely inscribed languages. Telugu inscriptions are found in all the districts of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. They are also found in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh. According to recent estimates by ASI (Archaeological Survey of India) the number of inscriptions in the Telugu language goes up to 14,000. Adilabad, Medak, Karimnagar, Nizamabad, Ranga Reddy, Hyderabad, Mahbubnagar, Anantapur, Chittoor and Srikakulam produced only
12474-552: The Telugu language end with vowels, just like those in Italian , and hence referred to it as "The Italian of the East"; a saying that has been widely repeated. A distinct dialect developed in present-day Hyderabad region, due to Persian and Arabic influence. This influence began with the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate rule by the Tughlaq dynasty in the northern Deccan Plateau during
12636-625: The United States and the third most spoken South Asian language after Hindi and Urdu . Minority Telugus are also found in Australia , New Zealand , Bahrain , Canada , Fiji , Malaysia , Sri Lanka , Singapore , Mauritius , Myanmar , Europe ( Italy , the United Kingdom ), South Africa , Trinidad and Tobago , and the United Arab Emirates . Telugu is the official language of
12798-448: The Urdu spoken is called Deccani . English is a "Secondary official language" is pervasive in business and administration, and it is an important medium of instruction in education and publications. A significant minority speak other languages, including Bengali , Hindi , Kannada , Marathi , Marwari , Odia , Punjabi and Tamil . As of 2012, in the greater metropolitan area, 13% of
12960-421: The amalgamation of local and migrated artisans, with painting , handicraft , jewellery , literature , dialect and clothing prominent even today. For its cuisine , the city is listed as a creative city of gastronomy by UNESCO . The Telugu film industry based in the city is the highest-grossing film industry in India as of 2021 . Until the 19th century , Hyderabad was known for the pearl industry and
13122-752: The capital of the State of Telangana and there shall be a new capital for the State of Andhra Pradesh." The same sections also define that the common capital includes the existing area designated as the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation under the Hyderabad Municipal Corporation Act, 1955. As stipulated in sections 3 and 18(1) of the Reorganisation Act, city MLAs are members of the Telangana state assembly. The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) oversees
13284-697: The capital. In his 1955 report Thoughts on Linguistic States , B. R. Ambedkar , then chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution , proposed designating the city of Hyderabad as the second capital of India because of its amenities and strategic central location. On 1 November 1956 the states of India were reorganised by language. Hyderabad state was split into three parts, which were merged with neighbouring states to form Maharashtra , Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh . The nine Telugu - and Urdu -speaking districts of Hyderabad State in
13446-495: The centuries, many non-Telugu speakers have praised the natural musicality of Telugu speech, referring to it as a mellifluous and euphonious language. Speakers of Telugu refer to it as simply Telugu or Telugoo . Older forms of the name include Teluṅgu and Tenuṅgu . Tenugu is derived from the Proto-Dravidian word *ten ("south") to mean "the people who lived in the south/southern direction" (relative to Sanskrit and Prakrit -speaking peoples). The name Telugu , then,
13608-544: The city and controlled the internal and neighbouring threats. In 1714 Farrukhsiyar appointed Asaf Jah I as Viceroy of the Deccan —(administrator of six Mughal governorates) with the title Nizam-ul-Mulk (Administrator of the Realm). In 1721, he was appointed as Prime Minister of the Mughal Empire . His differences with the court nobles led him to resign from all the imperial responsibilities in 1723 and leave for Deccan. Under
13770-529: The city being subsequently named Hyderabad in her honour. In the year 1597, Hyderabad gained the epithet Farkhunda Bunyad ( lit. ' Of Auspicious Foundation ' ). Following the Mughal conquest of Hyderabad , emperor Aurangzeb changed the epithet to Dar-ul-Jihad ( lit. ' Abode of Holy War ' ), a title which appears on coins minted in the city during the reigns of Aurangzeb and Kam Bakhsh . The later Mughal emperor Shah Alam returned
13932-580: The city has 7,400,000 voters of which 3,850,000 are male and 3,500,000 are female. The corporators elect the Mayor , who is the titular head of GHMC; executive powers rest with the Municipal Commissioner, appointed by the state government. The GHMC carries out the city's infrastructural work such as building and maintenance of roads and drains, town planning including construction regulation, maintenance of municipal markets and parks, solid waste management,
14094-627: The city has housed the Rashtrapati Nilayam , the winter office of the president of India . Relics of the Qutb Shahi and Nizam eras remain visible today; the Charminar has come to symbolise the city. By the end of the early modern era, the Mughal Empire had declined in the Deccan, and the Nizam's patronage attracted men of letters from various parts of the world. A distinctive culture arose from
14256-404: The city limits, and has a population of 9.7 million residents in the metropolitan region , making it the sixth-most populous metropolitan area in India. With an output of US$ 95 billion, Hyderabad has the sixth-largest urban economy in India. The Qutb Shahi dynasty's Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah established Hyderabad in 1591 to extend the capital beyond the fortified Golconda . In 1687,
14418-491: The city manufactured one third of India's bulk drugs and 16% of biotechnology products, contributing to its reputation as "India's pharmaceutical capital" and the " Genome Valley of India". Hyderabad is a global centre of information technology, for which it is known as Cyberabad (Cyber City). As of 2013 , it contributed 15% of India's and 98% of Andhra Pradesh's exports in IT and ITES sectors and 22% of NASSCOM 's total membership
14580-423: The city to its older epithet of Farkhunda Bunyad , and consequently Mughal coins of Shah Alam and Muhammad Shah feature this title as the city's mint-name. The discovery of Megalithic burial sites and cairn circles in the suburbs of Hyderabad, in 1851 by Philip Meadows Taylor , a polymath in the service of the Nizam, had provided evidence that the region in which the city stands has been inhabited since
14742-670: The city was annexed by the Mughals . In 1724, Asaf Jah I , the Mughal viceroy , declared his sovereignty and founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty , also known as the Nizams . Hyderabad served as the imperial capital of the Asaf Jahis from 1769 to 1948. As the capital of the princely state of Hyderabad , the city housed the British Residency and cantonment until Indian independence in 1947. Hyderabad
14904-603: The city's largest zoo, is the first in India to have a lion and tiger safari park . Hyderabad has three national parks ( Mrugavani National Park , Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park and Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park ), and the Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary is about 50 km (31 mi) from the city. The other environmental reserves of Hyderabad are Kotla Vijayabhaskara Reddy Botanical Gardens , Ameenpur Lake , Shamirpet Lake , Hussain Sagar , Fox Sagar Lake , Mir Alam Tank and Patancheru Lake , which
15066-409: The city, Laad Bazaar being the prominent among all is popular for selling a variety of traditional and cultural antique wares, along with gems and pearls. The establishment of Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited (IDPL), a public sector undertaking, in 1961 was followed over the decades by many national and global companies opening manufacturing and research facilities in the city. As of 2010 ,
15228-610: The city, operated by the Telangana State Disaster and Fire Response Department. The government-owned India Post has five head post offices and many sub-post offices in Hyderabad, which are complemented by private courier services. Hyderabad produces around 4,500 tonnes of solid waste daily, which is transported from collection units in Imlibun , Yousufguda and Lower Tank Bund to the dumpsite in Jawaharnagar . Disposal
15390-595: The city. The Commissionerate of Health and Family Welfare is responsible for planning, implementation and monitoring of all facilities related to health and preventive services. As of 2010 –11, the city had 50 government hospitals, 300 private and charity hospitals and 194 nursing homes providing around 12,000 hospital beds, fewer than half the required 25,000. For every 10,000 people in the city, there are 17.6 hospital beds, 9 specialist doctors, 14 nurses and 6 physicians. The city has about 4,000 individual clinics. Private clinics are preferred by many residents because of
15552-547: The city. The city is home to Hyderabad Securities formerly known as Hyderabad Stock Exchange (HSE), and houses the regional office of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). In 2013, the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) facility in Hyderabad was forecast to provide operations and transactions services to BSE- Mumbai by the end of 2014. The growth of the financial services sector has helped Hyderabad evolve from
15714-423: The civic infrastructure of the city, there are six administrative zones of GHMC: South Zone–( Charminar ), East Zone–( L. B. Nagar ), West Zone–( Serilingampally ), North Zone–( Kukatpally ), Northeast Zone–( Secunderabad ) and Central Zone–( Khairatabad ); these zones consist of 30 "circles", which together encompass 150 municipal wards . Each ward is represented by a corporator , elected by popular vote, as of 2020
15876-458: The cliff together, a symbol of doomed love. Maro Charitra was directed by K. Balachander . Hassan had requested Balachander to launch him as a lead actor in Telugu cinema after the success of his Tamil -language feature, Manmadha Leelai in Andhra Pradesh . It was made by Balachander with the sole intention of introducing Kamal Haasan as a lead actor in Telugu cinema. Rama Arangannal, who produced Balachander's previous films agreed to produce
16038-509: The country. as of 2011 census , there are 3,500,802 male and 3,309,168 female citizens—a sex ratio of 945 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 926 per 1000. Among children aged 0–6 years, 373,794 are boys and 352,022 are girls—a ratio of 942 per 1000. Literacy stands at 83% (male 86%; female 80%), higher than the national average of 74.04%. The socio-economic strata consist of 20% upper class , 50% middle class and 30% working class . Referred to as "Hyderabadi",
16200-607: The court language for numerous dynasties in Southern and Eastern India, including the Eastern Chalukyas , Eastern Gangas , Kakatiyas , Vijayanagara Empire , Qutb Shahis , Madurai Nayaks , and Thanjavur Nayaks . It was also used as an official language outside its homeland, even by non-Telugu dynasties such as the Thanjavur Marathas in Tamil Nadu. Telugu has an unbroken, prolific, and diverse literary tradition of over
16362-447: The days of Chandralekha and [ Mayabazar ], not just after Baahubali . Maro Charitra had beautiful visuals in black and white." In a 2017 interview with Hindustan Times , Hassan said, "The Maro Charitra heroine, Saritha was simple-looking but a fantastic performer. I liked the music. It challenged us to have good songs in the Hindi remake too." During the first week of release
16524-452: The distance to, poor quality of care at and long waiting times in government facilities, despite the high proportion of the city's residents being covered by government health insurance: 24% according to a National Family Health Survey in 2005. As of 2012 , many new private hospitals of various sizes were opened or being built. Hyderabad has outpatient and inpatient facilities that use Unani , homoeopathic and Ayurvedic treatments. In
16686-493: The early 20th century, Hyderabad was transformed into a modern city with the establishment of transport services , underground drainage, running water, electricity , telecommunications, universities, industries, and Begumpet Airport . The Nizams ruled the princely state of Hyderabad during the British Raj . After India gained independence , the Nizam declared his intention to remain independent rather than become part of
16848-597: The exception of /ɳ/ and /ɭ/, all occur word-initial in a few words, such as / ʈ ɐkːu/ ṭakku 'pretence', / ʈ iːʋi/ ṭhīvi 'grandeur', / ɖ ipːɐ/ ḍippā 'half of a spherical object', and / ʂ oːku/ ṣōku 'fashionable appearance'. The approximant /j/ occurs in word-initial position only in borrowed words, such as. / j ɐnɡu/ yangu , from English 'young', / j ɐʃɐsːu/ yaśassu from Sanskrit yaśas /jɐʃɐs/ 'fame'. Vowels in Telugu contrast in length; there are short and long versions of all vowels except for /æ/, which only occurs as long. Long vowels can occur in any position within
17010-401: The film performed poorly at the box-office. The film's distributors cited that choosing a dark-skinned girl to play the female lead to be the reason. However, after the second week, the film had a highly successful run in the theatres; it ultimately ended as a box-office success as it ran for 450 days in Andhra Pradesh . Owing to its success in its native state, the producers released the film in
17172-470: The film. Balachander approached his favourite screenwriter Ganesh Patro to write the dialogues; Patro was credited for giving a native appeal to Balachander's successful Telugu films. Kamal had entered Telugu cinema through the director's Anthuleni Katha (1976), albeit playing a supporting role. That was followed by a dubbed version of the Tamil film Manmadha Leelai released during the same period. As both
17334-435: The films had a 100-day run at the theatres, Kamal was approached by many Telugu film producers. The actor had to refuse all the offers citing that he wanted to be launched as a lead actor through a film directed by Balachander, his mentor. As Kamal is a Tamil, Balachander characterised his role as a Tamil man who falls in love with a Telugu girl and developed the screenplay. Most of Kamal's dialogues were in Tamil. Having chosen
17496-462: The final assent of the President of India, Telangana state was formed on 2 June 2014. Hyderabad is 1,566 km (973 mi) south of Delhi , 699 km (434 mi) southeast of Mumbai , and 570 km (350 mi) north of Bangalore by road. It is situated in the southern part of Telangana in southeastern India, along the banks of the Musi River , a tributary of Krishna River located on
17658-713: The first century CE. Additionally, the Tummalagudem inscription of the Vishnukundinas dates to the 5th century CE. Telugu place names in Prakrit inscriptions are attested from the 2nd century CE onwards. A number of Telugu words were found in the Sanskrit and Prakrit inscriptions of the Satavahana dynasty , Vishnukundina dynasty , and Andhra Ikshvakus . The coin legends of the Satavahanas, in all areas and all periods, used
17820-411: The government of India declared Hyderabad the first "Best heritage city of India". Qutb Shahi architecture of the 16th and early 17th centuries followed classical Persian architecture featuring domes and colossal arches. The oldest surviving Qutb Shahi structure in Hyderabad is the ruins of the Golconda Fort built in the 16th century. Most of the historical bazaars that still exist were constructed on
17982-530: The government of India declared that part of Andhra Pradesh would be split off to form a new Telangana state and that Hyderabad city would be the capital city and part of Telangana, while the city would also remain the capital of Andhra Pradesh for no more than ten years. On 3 October 2013 the Union Cabinet approved the proposal, and in February 2014 both houses of Parliament passed the Telangana Bill . With
18144-506: The heritage region of Hyderabad called the Purana Shahar (Old City), while the "New City" encompasses the urbanised area on the northern banks. The two are connected by many bridges across the river, the oldest of which is Purana Pul —("old bridge") built in 1578 AD. Hyderabad is twinned with neighbouring Secunderabad , to which it is connected by Hussain Sagar . Many historic and heritage sites lie in south central Hyderabad, such as
18306-753: The hospital. Impressed, Swapna sends him a gift: a ceremonial mask with her name on it and asking his name. Despite the nasty conflicts between their families, Baloo and Swapna fall deeply in love with each other. They get to know each other, experiencing the joy and innocence of first love. One day, however, Swapna fairly misunderstands Baloo when he forcefully kisses her and is offended and breaks up with him. Despite Baloo's efforts to make her understand his love, Swapna ignores him and remains angry. A week later, Swapna finds Baloo awake all night looking at her window hoping that she would forgive him. Heartbroken at seeing him like that, Swapna forgives him and signals him by turning her room light off and on repeatedly. They meet
18468-623: The influence of Asaf Jah I's opponents, Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah issued a decree to Mubariz Khan , to stop Asaf Jah I which resulted in the Battle of Shakar Kheda . In 1724, Asaf Jah I defeated Mubariz Khan to establish autonomy over the Deccan , named the region Hyderabad Deccan , and started what came to be known as the Asaf Jahi dynasty . Subsequent rulers retained the title Nizam ul-Mulk and were referred to as Asaf Jahi Nizams, or Nizams of Hyderabad . The death of Asaf Jah I in 1748 resulted in
18630-644: The issuing of birth and death certificates, the issuing of trade licences, collection of property tax, and community welfare services such as mother and child healthcare, and pre-school and non-formal education. The GHMC was formed in April 2007 by merging the Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad (MCH) with 12 municipalities of the Hyderabad , Ranga Reddy and Medak districts covering a total area of 650 km (250 sq mi). The Secunderabad Cantonment Board
18792-425: The last decade of the 20th century, and 63% claimed to have lived in the slums for more than 10 years. Overall literacy in the slums is 60–80% and female literacy is 52–73% . A third of the slums have basic service connections, and the remainder depend on general public services provided by the government. There are 405 government schools, 267 government-aided schools, 175 private schools, and 528 community halls in
18954-592: The late 19th and the early 20th centuries, the influence of the English language was seen, and modern communication/printing press arose as an effect of British rule , especially in the areas that were part of the Madras Presidency . Literature from this time had a mix of classical and modern traditions and included works by such scholars as Gidugu Venkata Ramamoorty , Kandukuri Veeresalingam , Gurajada Apparao , Gidugu Sitapati and Panuganti Lakshminarasimha Rao . In
19116-408: The later Sanskritisation of it. If so the derivation itself must have been quite ancient because Triglyphum , Trilingum and Modogalingam are attested in ancient Greek sources, the last of which can be interpreted as a Telugu rendition of " Trilinga ". Telugu, as a Dravidian language, descends from Proto-Dravidian , a proto-language . Linguistic reconstruction suggests that Proto-Dravidian
19278-429: The lewd bookstore clerk at her home. The man has secretly clicked pictures of her and Baloo together and shown them to her parents. Burning with rage, Swapna's mother forbids her from seeing Baloo and accompanies her everywhere. Heartbroken, Baloo makes a plan and stealthily meets Swapna during her college lunch break. They go to a hotel for lunch and Baloo pauses the elevator halfway to spend some time with Swapna. He sings
19440-484: The male lead, Balachander was on a lookout for a female counterpart. Actress Sridevi was the initial choice for the Swapna role but later on she walked out due to her back-to-back movie shoots with NT Rama Rao and Akkineni Nageshwara Rao . As the film deals with cross-cultural romance, he decided to cast a new actor to play the female lead. To choose the character, he auditioned a number of girls and finally ended up choosing
19602-495: The mid-to-high 30s Celsius; maximum temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) between April and June. The coolest temperatures occur in December and January when the lowest temperature occasionally dips to 10 °C (50 °F). May is the hottest month when daily temperatures range from 26–39 °C (79–102 °F); December, the coldest, has temperatures varying from 14.5–28 °C (58.1–82.4 °F). Heavy rain from
19764-533: The neighbouring states of Tamil Nadu , Karnataka , Maharashtra , Odisha , Chhattisgarh , some parts of Jharkhand , and the Kharagpur region of West Bengal in India. Many Telugu immigrants are also found in the states of Gujarat , Goa , Bihar , Kashmir , Uttar Pradesh , Punjab , Haryana , and Rajasthan . As of 2018 7.2% of the population, Telugu is the fourth-most-spoken native language in India after Hindi , Bengali , and Marathi . In Karnataka , 7.0% of
19926-514: The neighbouring territories of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka without dubbing in Tamil and Kannada. Across theatres it had an uninterrupted theatrical run of 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 years in Bangalore . It ran for 596 days at Safire Theatre in Chennai, 450-day run in Coimbatore at Royal theatre, while had a 693-day run in Bangalore at Kalpana theatre and 350-day run in Mysore at Kayathri theatre. The film
20088-521: The next day and Swapna expresses her love for Baloo by kissing his hand. The lovers unite and visit the beaches, forts, waterfalls and scenic places of Goa. While returning home late at night, Baloo's motorcycle runs out of petrol. They pose as a newly married couple and ask for a lift in a car. To their shock, Swapna's father is in the car and he takes her home immediately. Baloo and Swapna keep meeting each other and fall in love even more. One day when Swapna returns from college after meeting Baloo, she finds
20250-468: The northern part of Southern India. With an average altitude of 542 m (1,778 ft), much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes , including the Hussain Sagar lake, predating the city's founding, in the north of the city centre. According to the 2011 census of India , Hyderabad is the fourth-most populous city in India with a population of 6.9 million residents within
20412-517: The oldest police commissionerate in India ), Cyberabad , and Rachakonda , each headed by a commissioner of police , who are Indian Police Service (IPS) officers. The Hyderabad police is a division of the Telangana Police , under the state Home Ministry. The jurisdictions of the city's administrative agencies are, in ascending order of size: the Hyderabad Police area, Hyderabad district,
20574-451: The past tense. Hyderabad Hyderabad ( / ˈ h aɪ d ər ə b æ d / HY -dər-ə-bad ; ISO : Haidarābād , Telugu: [ˈɦaɪ̯daɾaːbaːd] , Urdu: [ˈɦɛːdəɾaːbaːd] ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana . It occupies 650 km (250 sq mi) on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River , in
20736-464: The period, Maro Charitra was shot in black and white . The final length of the film was 4,648.51 metres (15,251.0 ft). The music and background score was composed by M. S. Viswanathan and lyrics were penned by Aatreya . Randor Guy wrote the English portions of a duet picturised on Kamal and Saritha. The 2015 film Bhale Bhale Magadivoy was named after the song from Maro Charitra . The film
20898-411: The population increased by 87%, from 3,637,483 as of 2001 census to 6,809,970 as of 2011 census, 24% of which are migrants from elsewhere in India, making Hyderabad the nation's fourth most populous city . As of 2011 , the population density is 18,480/km (47,900/sq mi) and the Hyderabad urban agglomeration had a population of 7,749,334 making it the sixth most populous urban agglomeration in
21060-499: The population live below the poverty line . According to a 2012 report submitted by GHMC to the World Bank , Hyderabad has 1,476 slums with a total population of 1.7 million, of whom 66% live in 985 slums in the "core" of the city (the part that formed Hyderabad before the April 2007 expansion) and the remaining 34% live in 491 suburban tenements. About 22% of the slum-dwelling households had migrated from different parts of India in
21222-521: The population speak Telugu, and 5.6% in Tamil Nadu . There are more than 400,000 Telugu Americans in the United States . As of 2018 , Telugu is the fastest-growing language in the United States , (especially in New Jersey and New York City ), with the number of Telugu speakers in the United States increasing by 86% between 2010 and 2017. As of 2021 , it is the 18th most spoken native language in
21384-424: The precolonial era, Telugu became the language of high culture throughout South India . Vijaya Ramaswamy compared it to the overwhelming dominance of French as the cultural language of Europe during roughly the same era. Telugu also predominates in the evolution of Carnatic music , one of two main subgenres of Indian classical music and is widely taught in music colleges focusing on Carnatic tradition. Over
21546-647: The princely Hyderabad State , the Andhra Mahasabha was started in 1921 with the main goal of promoting Telugu language, literature, its books and historical research. Key figures in this movement included Madapati Hanumantha Rao (founder of the Andhra Mahasabha), Komarraju Venkata Lakshmana Rao (founder of the Library Movement in Hyderabad State), and Suravaram Pratapa Reddy . Since the 1930s, what
21708-482: The residents of Hyderabad are predominantly Telugu and Urdu speaking people, with minority Arab, Marathi , Marwari , and Pathan communities. Hyderabadi Muslims are a unique community who owe much of their history, language, cuisine, and culture to Hyderabad, and the various dynasties who previously ruled. Hadhrami Arabs , African Arabs , Armenians , Abyssinians , Iranians , Pathans and Turkish people were present before 1948; these communities, of which
21870-489: The romantic leads. Despite being labelled as a " frame-to-frame remake" of the original, the film was described as "no match to the original film in any aspect of its making" by K. N. Venkatasubba Rao of The Hindu . Five years later, Ravi Yadav remade the story with the same name in Telugu with Varun Sandesh , Anita Galler and Shraddha Das . Unlike the original, the film was a failure and received negative reviews. A review from Rediff.com noted, "the new-age Maro Charitra
22032-411: The sloping terrain of its low-lying hills provide habitat for an assortment of flora and fauna. As of 2016 , the tree cover is 1.7% of the total city area, a decrease from 2.7% in 1996. The forest region in and around the city encompasses areas of ecological and biological importance, which are preserved in the form of national parks , zoos , mini-zoos and a wildlife sanctuary . Nehru Zoological Park ,
22194-534: The slum areas. According to a 2008 survey by the Centre for Good Governance, 87.6% of the slum-dwelling households are nuclear families , 18% are very poor, with an income up to ₹ 20,000 (US$ 240) per annum, 73% live below the poverty line (a standard poverty line recognised by the Andhra Pradesh Government is ₹ 24,000 (US$ 290) per annum), 27% of the chief wage earners (CWE) are casual labour and 38% of
22356-456: The split of Telugu at c. 1000 BCE. The linguistic history of Telugu is periodised as follows: Pre-historic Telugu is identified with the period around 600 BCE or even earlier. Pre-historic Telugu is considered one of the most conservative languages of the Dravidian family based on its linguistic features. One of the earliest Telugu words, nágabu , found at the Amaravati Stupa ,
22518-530: The state that is currently divided into Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It also has official language status in the Yanam district of the union territory of Puducherry . It is the fourth most spoken Indian language in India after Hindi , Bengali and Marathi . It is one of the six classical languages of India . Telugu Language Day is celebrated every year on 29 August, the birthday of Telugu poet Gidugu Venkata Ramamurthy . The fourth World Telugu Conference
22680-433: The street north of Charminar towards the fort. The Charminar has become an icon of the city; located in the centre of old Hyderabad, it is a square structure with sides 20 m (66 ft) long and four grand arches each facing a road. At each corner stands a 56 m (184 ft)-high minaret. The Charminar, Golconda Fort and the Qutb Shahi tombs are considered to be monuments of national importance in India ; in 2010
22842-554: The style of Andrea Palladio ), Purani Haveli , King Kothi Palace and Bella Vista Palace all of which were built at the peak of Nizam rule in the 19th century. During Mir Osman Ali Khan's rule, European styles, along with Indo-Islamic, became prominent. These styles are reflected in the Indo-Saracenic style of architecture seen in many civic monuments such as the Hyderabad High Court , Osmania Hospital , City College and
23004-564: The three Telugu dialects and regions. Waddar , Chenchu , and Manna-Dora are all closely related to Telugu. Other dialects of Telugu are Berad, Dasari, Dommara, Golari, Kamathi, Komtao, Konda-Reddi, Salewari, Vadaga, Srikakula, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, Rayalaseema, Nellore, Guntur, Vadari Bangalore, and Yanadi. The Roman transliteration used for transcribing the Telugu script is the National Library at Kolkata romanisation . Telugu words generally end in vowels. In Old Telugu, this
23166-531: The transliteration of the Telugu script used here (where different from IPA). Most consonants contrast in length in word-medial position, meaning that there are long (geminated) and short phonetic renderings of the sounds. A few examples of words that contrast by length of word-medial consonants: All retroflex consonants occur in intervocalic position and when adjacent to a retroflex consonant, for instance. /ʋɐː ɳ iː/ vāṇī 'tippet', /kɐ ʈɳ ɐm/ kaṭṇam 'dowry', /pɐ ɳɖ u/ paṇḍu 'fruit'; /kɐ ɭ ɐ/ kaḷa 'art'. With
23328-483: The truth to Baloo and cancels their wedding, urging him to go to his beloved Swapna as their one-year contract was completed. Sandhya's older brother hears that the wedding is cancelled and thinks that Baloo abandoned his sister. In a drunken, angry state, he phones his criminal friend in Vizag and asks him to 'completely get rid' of Baloo. When Baloo arrives back in Vizag, and is about to meet Swapna in their favorite beach spot, Sandhya's older brother's criminal friend and
23490-655: The union territories of Puducherry and Andaman and Nicobar Islands . It is also spoken by members of the Telugu diaspora spread across countries like United States , Australia , Malaysia , Mauritius , UAE , Saudi Arabia and others. Telugu is the fastest-growing language in the United States. It is also a protected language in South Africa and is offered as an optional third language in schools in KwaZulu-Natal province. According to Mikhail S. Andronov, Telugu split from
23652-460: The word, but native Telugu words do not end in a long vowel. Short vowels occur in all positions of a word, with the exception of /o/, which does not occur word-finally. The vowels of Telugu are illustrated below, along with the Telugu script and romanisation. In most dialects, the vowel /æː/ only occurs in loan words. In the Guntur dialect, [æː] is a frequent allophone of /aː/ in certain verbs in
23814-509: Was 41 per 1,000 live births. The survey also reported that a third of women and a quarter of men are overweight or obese, 49% of children below 5 years are anaemic , and up to 20% of children are underweight, while more than 2% of women and 3% of men suffer from diabetes . When the GHMC was created in 2007, the area occupied by the municipality increased from 175 km (68 sq mi) to 650 km (250 sq mi). Consequently,
23976-413: Was absolute; in the modern language m, n, y, w may end a word. Sanskrit loans have introduced aspirated and murmured consonants as well. Telugu does not have contrastive stress , and speakers vary on where they perceive stress. Most place it on the penultimate or final syllable, depending on word and vowel length. The table below lists the consonant phonemes of Telugu, along with the symbols used in
24138-611: Was also remade in Kannada as Love Story (2005) and remade into a 2010 Telugu film with the same title . Maro Charitra was dubbed in Malayalam as Thirakal Ezhuthiya Kavitha . The movie is about the love between a Tamil man, Balaji a.k.a. Baloo, and a Telugu woman, Swapna, who are neighbors in Visakhapatnam . They come from totally different backgrounds and can hardly speak the other's language. When Baloo and Swapna admit their love, there
24300-443: Was annexed by the Indian Union in 1948 and continued as a capital of Hyderabad State from 1948 to 1956. After the introduction of the States Reorganisation Act of 1956 , Hyderabad was made the capital of the newly formed Andhra Pradesh . In 2014, Andhra Pradesh was split to form the state of Telangana, and Hyderabad became the joint capital of the two states with a transitional arrangement scheduled to end in 2024. Since 1956,
24462-401: Was bounded in north by Mahendra mountain in the modern Ganjam district in Odisha and to the south by Srikalahasteeswara temple in Tirupati district . However, Andhra extended westwards as far as Srisailam in Nandyal district , about halfway across the modern state. According to other sources in the early sixteenth century, the northern boundary is Simhachalam and the southern limit
24624-423: Was considered an "elite" literary form of the Telugu language has now spread to the common people with the introduction of mass media like movies, television, radio and newspapers. This form of the language is also taught in schools and colleges as a standard. Telugu is one of the 22 languages with official status in India . The Andhra Pradesh Official Language Act, 1966, declares Telugu the official language of
24786-444: Was dubbed in Malayalam as Thirakal Ezhuthiya Kavitha and released in 1980. Balachander considered remaking Maro Charitra in Tamil, but Kamal felt it was pointless to do so since the film already had many Tamil dialogues and was so successful in Madras. The film was remade into Hindi as Ek Duuje Ke Liye by Balachander himself in 1981. The film like its original became a box-office success and attained cult status. It also marked
24948-406: Was heavily influenced by Sanskrit and Prakrit, corresponding to the advent of Telugu literature. Initially, Telugu literature appeared in inscriptions and poetry in the courts of rulers, and later in written works, such as Nannayya 's Andhra Mahabharatam (1022 CE). The third phase is marked by further stylisation and sophistication of the literary languages. During this period the split of
25110-457: Was in black and white and I preferred it. The Hindi version was a little flashier when it came to the clothes and so on, it had a Punjabi girl and a Tamil boy. The Maro Charitra heroine (Saritha) was simple-looking but a fantastic performer. I liked the music. It challenged us to have good songs in the Hindi remake too." Telugu language Telugu ( / ˈ t ɛ l ʊ ɡ uː / ; తెలుగు , Telugu pronunciation: [ˈt̪eluɡu] )
25272-403: Was nicknamed the "City of Pearls", and was the only trading centre for Golconda diamonds in the world. Many of the city's historical and traditional bazaars remain open. Hyderabad's central location between the Deccan Plateau and the Western Ghats , and industrialisation throughout the 20th century attracted major Indian research, manufacturing, educational and financial institutions. Since
25434-403: Was organised in Tirupati in the last week of December 2012. Issues related to Telugu language policy were deliberated at length. The American Community Survey has said that data for 2016 which were released in September 2017 showed Telugu is the third most widely spoken Indian language in the US. Hindi tops the list followed by Gujarati, as of the 2010 census . In the Indian subcontinent,
25596-414: Was originally called Baghnagar ("city of gardens"). The European travellers von Poser and Thévenot found both names in use in the 17th century. A popular legend suggests that the founder of the city, Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah , named it Bhagya-nagar ("fortunate city") after Bhagmati , a local nautch (dancing girl) whom he married. She converted to Islam and adopted the title Hyder Mahal ,
25758-639: Was released on 19 May 1978. The performances of both the lead actors along with the film's direction won critical acclaim. In 2010, South Scope noted " Maro Charitra once again saw Kamal transform himself, but this time into an out and out urban male ... Kamal let none of them get left out of his wardrobe in the film." In 2013, while Indian cinema was celebrating its 100th anniversary, CNN-IBN listed out "100 greatest Indian films of all time" where both Maro Charitra and its Hindi remake Ek Duuje Ke Liye were mentioned. In November 2015, Kamal noted, "Visual appeal has always gone hand-in-hand with content, since
25920-429: Was spoken around the fourth millennium BCE. Comparative linguistics confirms that Telugu belongs to the South Dravidian-II (also called South-Central Dravidian) sub-group, which also includes the non-literary languages like Gondi , Kuvi , Koya , Pengo , Konda and Manda. Proto-Telugu is the reconstructed linguistic ancestor of all the dialects and registers of Telugu. Russian linguist Mikhail S. Andronov, places
26082-418: Was the 162nd girl to be auditioned for the film, while also noting that she did not even look good in the photographs that was sent to Balachander. Besides the lead actors, Madhavi who made an impact with Thoorpu Padamara was signed up to play an important role in the film. The film was shot mostly in Visakhapatnam and Bheemunipatnam in Andhra Pradesh . Contrary to most of the films that released during
26244-413: Was titled Atharvana Karikavali. Appa Kavi in the 17th century explicitly wrote that Telugu was derived from Trilinga . Scholar C. P. Brown made a comment that it was a "strange notion" since the predecessors of Appa Kavi had no knowledge of such a derivation. George Abraham Grierson and other linguists doubt this derivation, holding rather that Telugu was the older term and Trilinga must be
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