Misplaced Pages

#434565

56-510: GNPower Mariveles Energy Center Ltd. Co. (formerly "GNPower Mariveles Coal Plant Ltd. Co.") is a subcritical coal-fired power plant in Mariveles, Bataan . The 600-MW facility was connected to the Luzon power grid on January 21, 2013. The facility was a joint project of GNPower Mariveles Energy Center Ltd. Co. and AC Energy . Two additional units are under construction, both with 600-MW capacity. It

112-526: A pueblo by a Franciscan Friar in 1578, Mariveles, the "Village of Camaya" was part of the Corregimiento of Mariveles, including Bagac and Morong , Corregidor and Maragondon, Cavite . The name Mariveles comes from "Maria Velez", a Mexican nun who eloped with a monk back in the 1600s. With its natural cove, the port was used by ships from China and Spain to resupply. The Superior Decree of July 1754 declared Mariveles' independence from Pampanga . In

168-707: A 3,800-foot (1,200 m) dirt runway at the Section Base, was the starting point of the Bataan Death March . Today the Freeport Area of Bataan (FAB), has made the port of trading zone, and industry to the municipality. Agriculture is also a large part of the port export. Mariveles is located around the Mariveles Bay, a large cove at the southern tip of the Bataan Peninsula . It adjacent to Manila Bay to

224-415: A chief (or a president) that will govern them although they do have one elder that takes the responsibility of leadership. This informal kind of government can also be found in their judicial process. When someone in their community did something wrong, they would deliberate about it, but more importantly, they do not talk about what kind of punishment they will hand to the wrong-doer. Instead, the deliberation

280-440: A musical heritage consisting of various types of agung ensembles , ensembles composed of large hanging, suspended or held, bossed/knobbed gongs , which act as drone, without any accompanying melodic instrument. While the father is normally the figurehead of the family, Aeta communities or bands traditionally had an anarchic political structure wherein they don't have appointed chiefs to exercise authority over them. Individual Aeta

336-444: A ritual called ud- udung . In this ritual, the herbolario places rice or raw eggs on the patient's forehead first to determine what causes the illness and repeats this several times to confirm. After the herbolario is satisfied, the patient will be asked to bathe with ricewash, and then to offer food to appease the offended spirit. The Aeta communities take pride in their use of herbal medicines and their own natural ways of curing

392-547: Is a collective term. Although commonly thought of as a single group, it is in reality composed of several ethnic groups that share similar hunter-gatherer lifestyles and physical features. They are usually divided into three main groups: the Aeta from Central Luzon ; the Agta of Southeastern Luzon; and the Dumagat (also spelled Dumaget) of Eastern Luzon. These divisions, however, are arbitrary, and

448-409: Is about understanding the motivation behind the action and prevent the consequence of the action from developing into something worse. Young men and women are excluded from the deliberation process. In this particular case, women are also largely excluded from the deliberation process even when they are allowed to attend the hearing or even when sometimes they can make their opinion about the problem. For

504-541: Is on equal grounds with the other and their main course of social interaction is through their tradition. It's also the tradition, and not constituted laws, that maintain the equality among them and guide their way of life. They do have groups of elders in their community, called pisen, who they tend to go to when it comes to arbitrating decisions. However, the decisions made by the elders only remain in advisory capacity and no one could force any individual to follow those decisions. Their guiding principle and conflict resolution

560-444: Is partly an apology to the fish and partly a charm to ensure the catch. Similarly, the men hold a bee dance before and after the expeditions for honey. There are four manifestations of the "great creator" who rules the world: Tigbalog is the source of life and action; Lueve takes care of production and growth; Amas moves people to pity, love, unity, and peace of heart; while Binangewan is responsible for change, sickness, and death. In

616-617: Is the only freeport in the country with a 10.9 million cubic meter-capacity dam that delivers 14 million gallons of water every day. It is complemented by water treatment and sewerage treatment plants which employ a sustainable waste water solution. Pursuant to the Local government in the Philippines ", the political seat of the municipal government is located at the Municipal Hall. In the History of

SECTION 10

#1732880774435

672-544: Is through a sustained deliberation. Over time, this egalitarian political structure was disturbed due to recurring contacts with the lowland Filipinos wherein the local officials and individuals they interact with forced Aeta communities to create government structure resembling those in the lowlands. At times, Aeta communities do organize themselves in government-like system with a Capitan (Captain), Conseyal (Council) and Policia (Police). But mostly, they resist such imposed organization. In particular, they refuse to appoint

728-527: The Batak people of Palawan . A recent study in 2021 analyzing archaic ancestry in 118 Philippine ethnic groups discovered an independent admixture event into Philippine Negritos from Denisovans . The Ayta Magbukon in particular were found to possess the highest level of Denisovan ancestry in the world (between 3-9%), which is about ~30%–40% higher than the amount observed among Australo-Papuans , suggesting that distinct Islander Denisovan populations existed in

784-647: The Malay Peninsula , or the Andamanese people . The Philippine Negritos display relatively closer genetic affinity towards different Eastern Asian populations , prehistoric Hoabinhian samples, as well as to the Indigenous people of New Guinea and Aboriginal Australians , from which they diverged around c. 40,000 years ago. They also display an internal genetic substructure along a North to South cline, suggesting their ancestral population diverged into two subgroups after

840-465: The Philippines . They are included in the wider Negrito grouping of the Philippines and the rest of Southeast Asia, with whom they share superficial common physical characteristics such as: dark skin tones; short statures; frizzy to curly hair ; and a higher frequency of naturally lighter hair colour ( blondism ) relative to the general population. They are thought to be among the earliest inhabitants of

896-642: The Sundaland land bridges that linked the islands with the Asian mainland. The latest migration wave is associated with the Austronesian peoples (c. 7,000 years ago) from Taiwan . Philippine Negritos furthermore display craniometric and dental affinities (Sundadonty) with various southern East Asian and Japanese populations, suggesting deep ancestral ties. Many modern Aeta display significant Austronesian admixture (~10% to 30%) due to population contact and mixing after

952-694: The etymology of the Visayan Dumagat ("sea people", from the root word dagat - "sea") who dwell in the coastal areas of Mindanao , contrasting them from inland Lumad . Other exonyms of the Aeta are more derogatory. These include baluga ("half-breed") and pugot ("head-hunter"). The Aeta themselves call non-Negrito groups with various names that reflect their ancient relationships with Austronesians. These include names like ugsin , ugdin , ogden , or uldin ("red"); putî or pute ("white"); unat ("straight-haired"); or agani ("[rice] harvester"). Aeta (also Ayta, Áitâ, Ita, Alta, Arta, Atta, or Agta)

1008-660: The 19th century, the Americans established the first quarantine station in the old Spanish Leprosarium Hospital (now known as the Mariveles Mental Wellness and General Hospital ). Mariveles Bay was the site of Mariveles Naval Section Base , completed for the United States Asiatic Fleet on 22 July 1941, and was surrendered to the Imperial Japanese Army on 9 April 1942. The Mariveles Airfield,

1064-441: The Aeta have become extremely nomadic due to social and economic strain on their culture and way of life that had previously remained unchanged for thousands of years. As hunter-gatherers , adaptation plays an important role in Aeta communities to survive. This often includes gaining knowledge about the tropical forest that they live in, the typhoon cycles that travel through their area, and other seasonal weather changes that affect

1120-405: The Aeta people. (See 1993 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses) Their traditional clothing is very plain. The young women wear wrap around skirts. Elder women wear bark cloth, while elder men wear loin cloths. The old women of the Agta wear a bark cloth strip which passes between the legs, and is attached to a string around the waist. Today, most Aeta who have been in contact with lowlanders have adopted

1176-431: The Aeta's small numbers, primitive economy and lack of organization often made them easy prey for better-organized groups. Zambals seeking people to enslave would often take advantage of their internal feuding. They were often enslaved and sold to Borneo and China, and, unlike the serf feudal system ( alipin ) imposed on other Filipinos, there was little chance of manumission . In 2010, there were 50,236 Aeta people in

SECTION 20

#1732880774435

1232-660: The Mariveles to Manila route that has an approximate travel time of 40 minutes. The Bataan Provincial Expressway , also called Roman Super-Highway, is a limited-access toll expressway that connects Bataan to the provinces of the Central Luzon region in the Philippines. Mariveles is off Exit 55. Utilities: Tertiary educational institutions include: Aeta Aeta (Ayta / ˈ aɪ t ə / EYE -tə ), Agta and Dumagat , are collective terms for several indigenous peoples who live in various parts of Luzon islands in

1288-581: The Negrito word for "person" in Northern Luzon , but was adopted into Austronesian languages with the meaning of "dark-skinned person", after the arrival of Austronesian migrants to the Philippines from Taiwan. A common folk etymology is that the name "Aeta" is derived from itom or itim meaning, "black", but this is incorrect. The term "Dumagat" or "Dumaget" is an exonym meaning "[people] from Magat River ." The Luzon Dumagats are not to be confused with

1344-741: The Philippines (1521–1898) , the Gobernadorcillo is the Chief Executive who held office in the Presidencia . During the American rule (1898–1946) ( History of the Philippines (1898-1946) ), the elected Mayor and local officials, including the appointed ones held office at the Municipal Hall. The legislative and executive departments perform their functions in the Sangguniang Bayan (Session Hall) and Municipal Trial Court, respectively, and are located in

1400-508: The Philippines between September and December) often provides the opposite experience, considering the difficulties of traversing flooded and wet forests for hunting and gathering. Aeta communities use different tools in their hunting and gathering activities. Traditional tools include traps, knives, and bow and arrow, with different types of arrow points for specialized purposes. Most Aetas are trained for hunting and gathering at age 15, including Aeta women. While men and some women typically use

1456-512: The Philippines, which admixed with modern humans after their arrival. At the same time, Central Luzon Negritos such as the Ayta Magbukon and Ayta Ambala were also found to have the least amount of Austronesian-derived ) ancestry of all sampled Philippine ethnic groups, at ~10%–20%. Unlike many other Filipino ethnic groups, the Aetas have shown resistance to change. Aetas had little interaction with

1512-994: The Philippines. Aetas are found in Zambales , Tarlac , Pampanga , Panay , Bataan, and Nueva Ecija , but were forced to move to resettlement areas in Pampanga and Tarlac following the devastating Mount Pinatubo eruption in June 1991. Some Aeta communities have received government land titles recognizing their claims to their ancestral lands. A total of 454 Aeta families in Floridablanca, Pampanga, received their Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) on May 27, 2009. The title covers about 7,440 hectares in San Marcelino and Brgy. Batiawan in Zambales and barangays Mawakat and Nabuklod in Floridablanca. It

1568-538: The Philippines—preceding the Austronesian migrations. Regardless, the modern Aeta populations have significant Austronesian admixture, and speak Austronesian languages . Aeta communities were historically nomadic hunter-gatherers , typically consisting of approximately one to five families per mobile group. Groups under the "Aeta" umbrella term are normally referred to after their geographic locations or their common languages. The endonyms of most of

1624-860: The Sierra Madre mountain range in Rizal and Quezon . Their ancestral domain claims cover parts of the Sierra Madre mountain range. A CADT was issued to Dumagat families in Gabaldon town, Nueva Ecija, in December 2021. Nevertheless, Aeta communities face difficulties in getting ancestral domain titles. Aetas of Tarlac, for example, have failed to get titles for 18,000 hectares of land in Capas despite applications for CADT filed in 1999, 2014, and 2019. The Aeta are nomadic and build only temporary shelters made of sticks driven to

1680-652: The Spaniards as they remained in the mountains during the Spanish rule. Even the attempts of the Spaniards to settle them in reducciones or reservations failed all throughout Spanish rule . According to Spanish observers like Miguel López de Legazpi , Negritos possessed iron tools and weapons. Their speed and accuracy with a bow and arrow were proverbial and they were fearsome warriors. Unwary travelers or field workers were often easy targets. Despite their martial prowess, however,

1736-471: The T-shirts, pants and rubber sandals commonly used by the latter. The Aetas are skillful in weaving and plaiting. Women exclusively weave winnows and mats. Only men make armlets. They also produce raincoats made of palm leaves whose bases surround the neck of the wearer, and whose topmost part spreads like a fan all around the body. According to one study, "About 85% of Philippine Aeta women hunt, and they hunt

Mariveles Coal-Fired Power Plant - Misplaced Pages Continue

1792-464: The arrival of Austronesians. The modern Aeta speak Austronesian languages, although with a high number of non-Austronesian vocabulary, and follow a syncretic cultural practices, incorporating many Austronesian elements into their traditional culture. Conversely, other Austronesian Filipino ethnic groups, not traditionally considered Negritos, also have Negrito admixture (~10 to 20%), highlighting mutual contact and influence. Aetas are most closely related to

1848-409: The behavior of the flora and fauna in their location. Another important survival skill is storytelling. Like many other hunter-gatherer societies, the Aeta promote social values, such as cooperation, through stories. Thus, they highly value skilled storytellers. Dry season for many Aeta communities means intense work. They not only hunt and fish more, the start of the dry season also means swiddening

1904-480: The belief that it will cause abortion. The idea behind this is that like the closing of makahiya leaves once touched, the womb may also close once the makahiya touches it. The Aeta in Isabela also recommend drinking herbal tea out of wormwood ( herbaca) leaves or stem to address women's irregular menstrual cycle. They take herbal teas from lemon grass ( barbaraniw ) extract thrice a day to normalize blood pressure. If

1960-684: The camphor leaves that they then drink thrice a day if the fever and cold still persist. For muscle pains, they drink herbal teas extracted from kalulong leaves and have the patient take it thrice a day. In order to prevent relapse after giving birth, women also bathe themselves in cooled-down water boiled with sahagubit roots. The drinking of sahagubit herbal tea is likewise recommended to deworm Aeta children, or generally to alleviate stomachache. For birth control purposes, Aeta women drink wine made out of lukban (pomelo) root. They are, however, not advised to drink herbal tea from makahiya extract even if it's also used to elevate stomachache problems due to

2016-698: The conversion from BEZ to FAB due to Republic Act (RA) 9728 and secondarily from October 23, 2009 to June 30, 2010 during the eight-month transition period for the turnover of zone's operations and management from Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA) to Authority of the Freeport Area of Bataan (AFAB) and subsequent abolishment of BEPZ/BEZ) is a 1,691 hectares (4,180 acres) industrial complex in Mariveles town that enjoys business advantages, including tax incentives, natural endowments, and leadership under AFAB Chairman and Administrator Mohammed Hussein Pangandaman. It

2072-513: The dominant character of the Aeta religion. Those who believe they are monotheistic argue that various Aeta tribes believe in a supreme being who rules over lesser spirits or deities, with the Aeta of Mt. Pinatubo worshipping " Apo Na ". The Aetas are also animists . For example, the Pinatubo Aeta believe in environmental spirits. They believe that good and evil spirits inhabit the environment, such as

2128-599: The east, and the South China Sea to the west. Mariveles is 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Balanga and 164 kilometres (102 mi) from Manila via the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX), Jose Abad Santos Avenue , and Roman Highway. It borders Bagac to the west and northwest, Limay to the north and northeast, and Manila Bay to the east. According to the Philippine Statistics Authority ,

2184-821: The first Philippine's first Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim (CADC) on March 8, 1996. The CADT was acquired 16 years later in December 2010. On May 31, 2022, 848 Aeta families belonging to the Ayta Mag-indi and Ayta Mag-antsi groups were issued their CADT by the NCIP, after the title was approved in 2009. The CADT covers the Pampanga towns of Camias, Diaz, Inararo, Villa Maria and Sapang Uwak in Porac; Sapang Bato in Angeles City; and parts of Floridablanca. The CADT also includes San Marcelino town in Zambales. Dumagat-Remontado communities inhabit

2240-462: The ground and covered with the palm of banana leaves. The more modernized Aetas have moved to villages and areas of cleared mountains. They live in houses made of bamboo and cogon grass . Mining, deforestation, illegal logging , and slash-and-burn farming have caused the indigenous population in the country to steadily decrease to the point where they number only in the thousands today. The Philippine government affords them little or no protection, and

2296-405: The illness persists even after continuous drinking of recommended herbal medicine, that's when they seek the help of an herbolario (or soothsayer). They do so because the Aeta believe that their illnesses are caused by a spirit that they may have offended, in which case herbal medicines or medical doctors won't be able to address. In order to appease the spirits, they ask the herbolario to perform

Mariveles Coal-Fired Power Plant - Misplaced Pages Continue

2352-674: The initial peopling of the Philippines. Furthermore, they display high percentages of Denisovan gene flow . The Aeta are the descendants of the same early "East-Eurasian" meta-population, which also gave rise to modern East Asians and Australasians, among other populations of the Asia-Pacific region. The earliest modern human migrations into the Philippine islands were during the Paleolithic , around 40,000 years ago, followed by two other migration waves between 25,000 and 12,000 years ago, through

2408-712: The jurisdiction of Freeport Area of Bataan (FAB). Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . In the 2020 census, Mariveles had a population of 149,879. The population density was 970 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,500/sq mi). Mariveles is home to an Aeta community speaking a Sambalic language called Mariveleño . Poverty incidence of Mariveles Source: Philippine Statistics Authority The Freeport Area of Bataan (formerly known as Mariveles Free Trade Zone from June 21, 1969 to November 20, 1972, and primarily as Bataan Export Processing Zone (BEPZ) and Bataan Economic Zone (BEZ) from November 20, 1972 to October 23, 2009 before

2464-603: The land for future harvest. While the clearing of land is done by both men and women, Aeta women tend to do most of the harvesting. During this period, they also do business transactions with non-Aeta communities living around the vicinity they temporarily settled in either to sell the food they gathered, or to work as temporary farmers or field laborers. Aeta women play more active roles in business transactions with non-Aeta communities, mostly as traders and agricultural workers for lowland farmers. While dry season typically means bountiful food for Aetas, rainy season (which often falls in

2520-670: The mid-1960s, missionaries of the American-based Evangelical Protestant mission group New Tribes Mission , in their effort to reach every Philippine tribal group with the Christian Gospel , reached out to the Agtas/Aetas. The mission agency provided education, including pastoral training for natives to reach members of their own tribe. Today, a large percentage of Agtas/Aetas of Zambales and Pampanga are Evangelicals . Jehovah's Witnesses also have members among

2576-428: The municipality has a land area of 153.90 square kilometres (59.42 sq mi)   constituting 11.21% of the 1,372.98-square-kilometre- (530.11 sq mi) total area of Bataan. Of this, about 69% consist of the pastureland, 19% of forestland, 6% agricultural lands and the remaining 6% for residential and industrial use. Mariveles is politically subdivided into 18 barangays , with two are located within

2632-626: The same quarry as men. Aeta women hunt in groups and with dogs, and have a 31% success rate as opposed to 17% for men. Their rates are even better when they combine forces with men: mixed hunting groups have a full 41% success rate among the Aeta." Aeta women are known around the country as experts of the herbal medicines . Among the Aeta community in Ilagan, Isabela for example, banana leaves are used to cure toothache. They also bathe themselves with cooled-down water boiled with camphor leaves ( subusob ) to help alleviate fever, or they make herbal teas out of

2688-580: The second floor of the Town Hall and in the adjacent building. The Municipal Mayor as of the 2022 national and local elections, serving his second term in office, is Ace Jello "AJ" C. Concepcion. Members of the Mariveles Municipal Council (2022-2025): District Representative (3rd Legislative District, Bataan): Maria Angela Garcia Mariveles' attractions, events and historical landmarks include: Mariveles can be reached through jet ferry plying

2744-450: The sick. Finding their main source of herbal medicines in their habitat rather than buying costly medicines, emphasizing the mutual relationship with the nature, also has a great attitudinal impact pertaining to sustainability approach and practices in healthcare. A traditional form of visual art is body scarification . The Aetas intentionally wound the skin on their back, arms, breast, legs, hands, calves and abdomen, and then they irritate

2800-412: The spirits of the river, sea, sky, mountain, hill, valley and other places. Kamana the forest spirit appears and disappears providing solace and hope during difficult times. No special occasion is needed for the Aeta to pray, but there is a clear link between prayer and economic activities. The Aeta dance before and after a pig hunt. The night before Aeta women gather shellfish, they perform a dance which

2856-976: The standard bow and arrow, most Aeta women prefer knives and often hunt with their dogs and in groups to increase efficiency and for social reasons. Fishing and food gathering are also done by both males and females. In terms of gender, then, Aeta communities are more egalitarian in structure and in practice. All Aeta communities have adopted the language of their Austronesian Filipino neighbors , which have sometimes diverged over time to become different languages. These include, in order of number of speakers, Mag-indi , Mag-antsi , Abellen , Ambala , and Mariveleño . The second languages they speak are Kapampangan , Ilocano , and Tagalog ; Kapampangan in Central Luzon, Ilocano in Cagayan Valley and northern areas of Central Luzon, and Tagalog in Central Luzon, Southern Tagalog, and other areas of Luzon. There are different views on

SECTION 50

#1732880774435

2912-553: The three names can be used interchangeably. They are also commonly confused with the Ati people of the Visayas Islands . The following is a list of ethnolinguistic groups usually considered to be Aeta, and the provinces they are from. The Aeta people in the Philippines are generally grouped together with the wider Negrito population cluster of Southeast Asia, such as the Semang on

2968-462: The various Aeta peoples are derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʔa(R)ta (also reconstructed as *qata or *ʔata ) meaning "[dark skinned] person." This is in contrast to the other terms for "person" in other Philippine (and Oceanian ) groups derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tau (e.g. Tagalog tao ), which refers to lighter-skinned groups with majority Austronesian descent. Lawrence A. Reid wrote that *ʔa(R)ta may have originally been

3024-528: The wounds with fire, lime and other means to form scars. Other "decorative disfigurements" include the chipping of the teeth. With the use of a file, the Dumagat modify their teeth during late puberty. The teeth are dyed black a few years afterwards. The Aetas generally use ornaments typical of people living in subsistence economies. Flowers and leaves are used as earplugs for certain occasions. Girdles, necklaces, and neckbands of braided rattan incorporated with wild pig bristles are frequently worn. The Aeta have

3080-451: Was scheduled in early 2016 that the construction of the first unit which would cost P1 billion would commence. Aboitiz Power Corporation (AP), through their wholly-owned subsidiary Therma Power, Inc. acquired 66.1 percent ownership interest. It was completed on December 27, 2016. This article about a building or structure in the Philippines is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Mariveles, Bataan Founded as

3136-546: Was the first time clean ancestral domain titles were distributed by the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP). A CADT was awarded to 1,501 Aeta families in Botolan, Zambales, on January 14, 2010. The area covers 15,860 hectares that include the four barangays of Villar, Burgos, Moraza and Belbel in Botolan, Zambales. The Aeta Abellen community of Sitio Maporac, Barangay New San Juan, Cabangan, Zambales, received

#434565