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60-483: Marinmuseum is one of Sweden's oldest museums. The museum was established in 1752 when King Adolf Frederick began the collection and documentation of naval objects in what was called the Model Room ( Modellkammaren ). He also ordered the preservation of ship models and shipbuilding machinery. During the period of 1953 through 1997, the museum was situated in the barracks of the Örlogshamnen naval harbor. Prior to 1963, it

120-464: A pastorat with a head minister or vicar called a kyrkoherde (literally 'church shepherd') and sometimes other assistant priests called komminister ( minister ). At a cathedral an assistant minister is called a domkyrkosyssloman . In addition to the 13 dioceses, the Church of Sweden Abroad ( Swedish : Svenska kyrkan i utlandet – SKUT) maintains more than 40 overseas parishes. Originally

180-636: A democratic organisation together with the ministry of the church, covers the whole nation. The Primate of the Church of Sweden, as well as the Metropolitan of all Sweden, is the Archbishop of Uppsala . It is liturgically and theologically " high church ", having retained priests, vestments , and the Mass during the Swedish Reformation . In common with other Evangelical Lutheran churches (particularly in

240-660: A child: Adolf Frederick may have been the father of Lolotte Forssberg by Ulla von Liewen , but this has never been confirmed. Church of Sweden 1164, establishment of the Archdiocese of Uppsala 1536, separation from Rome through the abolition of Canon Law The Church of Sweden ( Swedish : Svenska kyrkan ) is an Evangelical Lutheran national church in Sweden . A former state church , headquartered in Uppsala , with around 5.4 million members at year end 2023, it

300-521: A collection of overseas churches under the direction of a committee of the General Synod , SKUT was reorganised on 1 January 2012 with a quasi-diocesan structure. Under this reorganisation it gained a governing council, constituent seats on the General Synod of the Church of Sweden (like the 13 mainland dioceses), and for the first time, full-time deacons to provide a programme of social welfare alongside

360-629: A deacon. All deacons of the Church of Sweden are, therefore, permanent deacons . The order of bishop is not entered through direct ordination, however, and a Church of Sweden bishop is required to be a validly ordained priest prior to their consecration; if a deacon or lay person were to be selected for the position, they would first be ordained as a priest. After the Reformation, the Swedish Church seems to have practiced variously both direct ordination and sequential ordination. Although direct ordination

420-402: A large meal (consisting of lobster , caviar , sauerkraut , kippers , and champagne as well as 14 helpings of his favourite dessert hetvägg of semla pastries and hot milk) are considered propaganda by modern writers. Following his death, his son Gustav III seized power in 1772 in a military coup d'état , reinstating absolute rule. The King was regarded as dependent on others,

480-651: A local cult following, including Saint Botvid and Saint Eskil in Södermanland , Saint Helena of Skövde , and Saint Sigfrid in Småland . In their names, miracles were performed and churches were named. Shortly after seizing power in 1523, Gustav Vasa addressed the Pope in Rome with a request for the confirmation of Johannes Magnus as Archbishop of Sweden , in the place of Gustav Trolle who had been formally deposed and exiled by

540-527: A parish in Swedish is socken , which was used both in the registry and in the church administration. After the municipal reforms in 1862, the latter usage officially was replaced with församling , a term somewhat meaning 'congregation', originally and still used for the Lutheran territorial and nonterritorial congregations in cities and also for other religious congregations. One or several parishes are included in

600-461: A pier which extends into the water. Around the pier are several museum ships . A specially designed underwater tunnel with windows provides a way to view the wreckage of several seventeenth-century ships. Figureheads from Swedish ships are on display, including many that were made by sculptor Törnström, royal sculptor to the navy, who worked at the Karlskrona shipyard during the 1700s. These include

660-910: A portion of the attenuated prerogative through the Coup of 1756 to abolish the rule of the Riksdag of the Estates and reinstate absolute monarchy in Sweden. He nearly lost his throne in consequence. On the second occasion during the December Crisis of 1768 , under the guidance of his eldest son, Gustav , he succeeded in overthrowing the "Cap" (Swedish: Mössorna ) senate, but was unable to make any use of his victory. Adolf Frederick died suddenly in Stockholm on 12 February 1771 with symptoms resembling either heart failure or poisoning. Popular stories about his death having resulted from

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720-458: A stole at the beginning of the rite. In this way the churches express a significant aspect of their understanding of ordination. The white alb, used both by the ordinands to the diaconate as well as to the priesthood, is a sign that the ordination is a new beginning, rooted in the priesthood of all the baptised." The Church of Sweden employs full-time deacons to staff its extensive outreach and social welfare diakonia programme. Whilst deacons have

780-792: A weak ruler, and lacking of any talents as a statesman. However, he was allegedly a good husband, a caring father, and a gentle master to his servants. He was scientifically talented and especially interested in astronomy. He also had talent in military matters and in music. His favourite pastime was woodworking, especially to make snuffboxes , which he reportedly spent a great deal of time doing. His hospitality and friendliness were witnessed by many who deeply mourned him at his death. By his marriage to Princess Louisa Ulrika of Prussia (which took place on 18 August/29 August 1744 in Drottningholm ), he had five children: With Jeanne Du Londel he had one son: With Marguerite Morel he had one son who died as

840-427: Is elected by priests, deacons , and some laity in the diocese and is the chairman of the cathedral chapter. Priest and deacon members of a cathedral chapter are elected by priests and deacons in the diocese, while its lay members are selected by the stiftsfullmäktige , a body elected by church members. A diocese is divided into "contracts" kontrakt ( deaneries ), each with a kontraktsprost ( provost ), as

900-454: Is known to have had Calvinist leanings. The New Testament was translated into Swedish in 1526 and the entire Bible in 1541. Revised translations were published in 1618 and 1703. New official translations were adopted in 1917 and 2000. Many hymns were written by Swedish church reformers and several by Martin Luther were translated. A semi-official hymnal appeared in the 1640s. Official hymnals of

960-578: Is now Sweden later than that; for instance the important religious center known as the Temple at Uppsala at Gamla Uppsala was evidently still in use in the late 11th century, while there was little effort to introduce the Sámi of Lapland to Christianity until considerably after that. The Christian church in Scandinavia was originally governed by the archdiocese of Bremen . In 1104, an archbishop for all Scandinavia

1020-738: Is the largest Christian denomination in Sweden, the largest Lutheran denomination in Europe and the third-largest in the world, after the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania . A member of the Porvoo Communion , the church professes Lutheranism . It is composed of thirteen dioceses , divided into parishes. It is an open national church which, working with

1080-437: Is the same as used in the Swedish parliamentary or municipal elections (see Elections in Sweden ). To vote in the Church general elections, one must be member of the Church of Sweden, at minimum 16 years of age, and nationally registered as living in Sweden . The groups that take part in the elections are called nominating groups ( Swedish : nomineringsgrupper ). In some cases the nationwide political parties take part in

1140-864: The Anglican churches of the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula , together with the other Lutheran churches of the Nordic nations and the Baltic states. In 1995, full communion was achieved with the Philippine Independent Church . Since 2015, the Church of Sweden has also been in full communion with the Episcopal Church of the United States. In 2016, the Church of Sweden reached full communion with

1200-572: The Hat administration. The Hat administration ended during the 1765–1766 parliament, where the Cap opposition took over the government and enacted reforms towards greater economic liberalism , as well as a Freedom of Press Act . The Freedom of Press Act is unique for the time for its curtailing of all censorship, retaining punitive measures only for libeling the monarch or the Church of Sweden . Adolf Frederick's father

1260-496: The Riksdag of the Estates . Gustav promised to be an obedient son of the Church, if the pope would confirm the elections of his bishops. But the pope requested Trolle to be re-instated. King Gustav protested by promoting the Swedish reformers, the brothers Olaus and Laurentius Petri , and Laurentius Andreae . The king supported the printing of reformation texts, with the Petri brothers as

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1320-407: The 1800s–1900s, the Church of Sweden supported the Swedish government by opposing both emigration and preachers' efforts recommending sobriety ( alcoholic beverages are sold in Sweden by a government monopoly). This escalated to a point where its ministers were even persecuted by the church for preaching sobriety, and the reactions of many congregation members to that contributed to the desire to leave

1380-501: The 19th and 20th centuries, a variety of teachings were officially approved, mostly directed towards ecumenism : In practice, however, Lutheran creed texts play a minor role, and parishes instead rely on Lutheran tradition in conjunction with influences from other Christian denominations and diverse ecclesial movements, such as Low Church , High Church , Pietism ("Old Church"), and Laestadianism , which locally might be strongly established, but have little nationwide influence. During

1440-411: The 20th century, the Church of Sweden oriented itself strongly towards liberal Christianity and human rights . In 1957, the General Synod rejected a proposal for the ordination of women , but a revised Church Ordinance bill proposal from the Riksdag in the spring of 1958, along with the fact that, at the time, clergy of the Church of Sweden were legally considered government employees, put pressure on

1500-535: The Church of Sweden Synod . In 2000, the Church of Sweden ceased to be the state church , but it maintains strong ties with communities, particularly in relation to rites of passage . There are many infants baptized and teenagers confirmed (currently 40% of all 14 year olds ) for families even without formal church membership. While some Swedish areas had Christian minorities in the 9th century, Sweden was, because of its geographical location in northernmost Europe , not Christianized until around AD 1000, around

1560-506: The Church of Sweden ( Swedish : Den svenska psalmboken ) were adopted in 1695, 1819 , 1937 and 1986 . The last of these is ecumenical , and combines traditional hymns with songs from other Christian denominations, including Seventh-day Adventist , Baptist, Catholic, Mission Covenant , Methodist, Pentecostal, and the Salvation Army . In October 2013, the Church of Sweden elected Antje Jackelén as Sweden's first female archbishop. In

1620-719: The Church of Sweden in 1536 during his reign as King of Sweden . This act separated the church from the Roman Catholic Church and its canon law . In 1571, the Swedish Church Ordinance became the first Swedish church order following the Reformation . The Church of Sweden became Lutheran at the Uppsala Synod in 1593 when it adopted the Augsburg Confession to which most Lutherans adhere. At this synod, it

1680-518: The Church of Sweden, ministerial function is indicated by the usual vestments of western tradition, including the stole , worn straight by bishops, crossed by priests (wearing the stole straight by priests is only permitted when in choir dress, i.e., a surplice rather than an alb, as no cincture is then used that would permit crossing the stole), and diagonally across the left shoulder by deacons. However, whereas in Roman Catholic or Anglican ordinations

1740-510: The General Synod and the College of Bishops to accept the proposal, which passed by a synod vote of 69 to 29 and a collegiate vote of 6 to 5 respectively in the autumn of 1958. Since 1960, women have been ordained as priests , and in 1982, lawmakers removed a "conscience clause" allowing clergy members to refuse to cooperate with female colleagues. A proposal to perform same-sex weddings was approved on 22 October 2009 by 176 of 249 voting members of

1800-404: The Nordic and Baltic states), the Church of Sweden maintains the historical episcopate and claims apostolic succession . Some Lutheran churches have congregational polity or modified episcopal polity without apostolic succession, but the historic episcopate was maintained in Sweden and some of the other Lutheran churches of the Porvoo Communion . The canons of the Church of Sweden states that

1860-681: The Swedish navy, HMS Hajen , as well as its far more modern sister in arms, HMS Neptun , which can be viewed not only from the outside but also from the inside. Four warships are docked outside the museum as museum ships. The minesweeper, HSwMS Bremon , the fast attack craft, HSwMS Vastervik , the torpedo boat, HSwMS T-38 , and the sail training ship HSwMS Jarramas . 56°09′41″N 15°35′58″E  /  56.1614°N 15.5995°E  / 56.1614; 15.5995 Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden Adolf (or Adolph ) Frederick ( Swedish : Adolf Fredrik ; German : Adolf Friedrich ; 14 May 1710 – 12 February 1771)

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1920-546: The Swedish reformation in the 16th century. The Diocese of Lund was founded in 1060, became an archdiocese in 1104, and lay in Denmark. The Province of Lund consisted of Denmark, Sweden, and Finland throughout the Middle Ages (originally also Norway and Iceland), although Uppsala had their own subordinate ecclesiastical province and archbishop from 1164. When Eva Brunne was consecrated as Bishop of Stockholm in 2009, she became

1980-465: The Swedish throne on 25 March 1751. During his 20-year reign, Adolf Frederick was little more than a figurehead , the real power being with the Riksdag of the Estates , often distracted by party strife. Twice he endeavored to free himself from the tutelage of the estates. The first occasion was in 1756. Stimulated by his consort Louisa Ulrika of Prussia (sister of Frederick the Great ), he tried to regain

2040-513: The candidates for priesthood will already be wearing the diagonal deacon's stole, in the Church of Sweden candidates for both diaconate and priesthood are unordained at the start of the service. Tiit Pädam of Uppsala University and a Swedish-based priest of the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church writes: "At the beginning of the [Evangelical Lutheran] ordination service, the candidates are dressed in white albs and no one wears

2100-527: The changes were not as drastic as in Germany ; as in Germany, Swedish churches kept not only crosses and crucifixes , but also icons and the traditional liturgical vestments which in Germany were usually discarded in favor of the black preaching gown and stole used until recent times. Many holy days, based on saints' days , were not removed from the calendar until the late 18th century due to strong resistance from

2160-432: The country (which, however, was against the law until 1840). The 19th century coat of arms is based on that of the Archdiocese of Uppsala . It is blazoned Or on a cross Gules an open crown of the field and thus features a gold/yellow field with a red cross on which there is a gold/yellow crown. The crown is called the victory crown of Christ , based on the royal crowns used in medieval times and corresponds in form to

2220-642: The crowns in the Swedish coat of arms and to that resting on the head of Saint Eric in the coat of arms of Stockholm . The Church adopted, at the time that it was still a state church, an administrative structure largely modelled after the state. Direct elections are held to the General Synod ( Swedish : Kyrkomötet , The Church Assembly), and the diocesan and parish ( Swedish : Församling ) assemblies (and in some cases, confederation of parishes ( Swedish : kyrklig samfällighet , 'church association') assemblies and directly elected parish councils). The electoral system

2280-499: The duke's orphan son, Charles Peter Ulrich. Shortly afterward, the young boy was invited to Russia by his maternal aunt, Empress Elizabeth , who soon declared him her heir. He later became known as Peter III of Russia . In 1743, Adolf Frederick was elected heir to the throne of Sweden by the Hat faction (Swedish: Hattarna ). The Hat faction wanted to obtain better conditions at the Treaty of Åbo from Empress Elizabeth. He succeeded to

2340-560: The elections, such as the Social Democrats and the Centre Party . After the formal separation of Church of Sweden from the State of Sweden , the growing tendency in the elections is towards independent parties forming for candidature, either based on a political conviction, for example Folkpartister i Svenska kyrkan founded by Liberal People's Party members, or a pure church party such as

2400-489: The end of 2023) of the Swedish population. Until 2000 it held the position of state church . The high membership numbers arise because, until 1996, all newborn children were made members, unless their parents had actively cancelled their membership. Approximately 2% of the church's members are regular attenders. According to a Gallup poll conducted in 2009, 17% of the Swedish population considered religion as an important part of their daily life. King Gustav Vasa instigated

2460-533: The faith, confession and teachings of the Church of Sweden are understood as an expression of the catholic Christian faith. It further states that this does not serve to create a new, confessionally peculiar interpretation, but concerns the apostolic faith as carried down through the traditions of the church, a concept similar to the doctrine of "reformed and catholic" found within the Anglican Communion . Its membership of 5,484,319 people accounts for 52.1% (per

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2520-529: The figurehead of the ship the Dristigheten . The Marinmuseums Archives include 4,000 drawings and maps, mostly relating to the Sweden's Naval history; there are also pictures, paintings, and models. Subjects include submarines, shipbuilding strategies, battle tactics, and life on board ships of the Baltic Sea . In June, 2014, a new section of the museum opened where visitors can view the very first submarine of

2580-669: The first openly lesbian bishop in the world. The Church of Sweden has several monastic communities. The Church of Sweden is a founding member of the Lutheran World Federation , formed in Lund , Sweden in 1947. Anders Nygren , later the Bishop of Lund , served as the first President of the Lutheran World Federation. Since 1994, the Church of Sweden has been part of the Porvoo Communion , bringing it into full Communion with

2640-434: The leader. Deaneries with a diocesan cathedral are called domprosteri . Titular provosts can also sometimes be appointed, in Swedish called prost or titulärprost . The dean and head minister of a cathedral is called domprost , "cathedral dean" or "cathedral provost", and is a member of the cathedral chapter as its vice chairman. At the parish level, a parish is called a församling . A more archaic term for

2700-404: The major instructors on the texts. In 1526, all Catholic printing presses were suppressed, and two-thirds of the Church's tithes were appropriated for the payment of the national debt. A final breach was made with the traditions of the old religion at the Riksdag called by the king at Västerås in 1544. Other changes of the Reformation included the abolition of some Catholic rituals. However,

2760-435: The parliamentary government's failure to reconquer the Baltic provinces in 1741–1743. Aside from a few attempts, supported by pro- absolutist factions among the nobility, to reclaim the absolute monarchy held by previous monarchs, he remained a mere constitutional figurehead until his death. His reign saw an extended period of internal peace. However, the finances stagnated following failed mercantilist doctrines pursued by

2820-411: The political independents' Partipolitiskt obundna i Svenska kyrkan (POSK) and Frimodig kyrka . The Church of Sweden maintains the historic threefold ministry of bishops , priests , and deacons , and has approximately 5,000 ordained clergy in total. It practices direct ordination, also called ordination per saltum (literally, ordination by a leap), in which candidates are directly ordained to

2880-417: The population. After the death of Gustav Vasa, Sweden was ruled by John III , who had Catholicizing tendencies, and then by his more openly Catholic son, Sigismund , who was also ruler of Catholic Poland . The latter was eventually deposed from the Swedish throne by his uncle, who acceded to the throne as Charles IX , and used the Lutheran church as an instrument in his power struggle against his nephew. He

2940-588: The same time as the other Nordic countries , when the Swedish King Olof was baptized. This left only a modest gap between the Christianization of Scandinavia and the Great Schism , however there are some Scandinavian/Swedish saints who are venerated eagerly by many Orthodox Christians , such as St. Olaf . However, Norse paganism and other pre-Christian religious systems survived in the territory of what

3000-455: The specific order of ministry for which they have trained. This is an alternative approach to the sequential ordination of other historic churches (including the Anglican, Orthodox, and Catholic churches) in which candidates must be ordained in the strict sequence of deacon, then priest, then bishop. A Church of Sweden priest can be ordained directly to that office, without any previous ordination as

3060-438: The traditional liturgical role (and vesture) in the Swedish Church, their principal focus of work is outside the parish community, working in welfare roles. Nonetheless, deacons are attached to local parishes to be connected with church communities, and with a parish priest. The Church of Sweden is divided into thirteen dioceses ( Swedish : stift ), each with a bishop and cathedral chapter (Swedish: domkapitel ). A bishop

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3120-473: The work of priests and lay workers. However, SKUT does not have its own bishop, and is placed under the episcopal oversight of the Bishop of Visby . [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Diocese of Kalmar existed as a superintendentia from 1603 to 1678 and as a diocese between 1678 and 1915, at which time it

3180-568: Was Christian Augustus (1673–1726) duke and a younger prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, prince-bishop of Lübeck, and administrator, during the Great Northern War , of the duchies of Holstein-Gottorp for his relative Charles Frederick . His mother, Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach (1682–1755), was a descendant of earlier royal dynasties of Sweden, great-granddaughter of Princess Catherine of Sweden , mother of King Charles X of Sweden . On his mother's side, Adolf Frederick

3240-449: Was King of Sweden from 1751 until his death in 1771. He was the son of Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin , and Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach . He was an uncle of Catherine the Great and husband to Louisa Ulrika of Prussia . The first king from the House of Holstein-Gottorp , Adolf Frederick was a weak monarch, installed as first in line to the throne following

3300-737: Was decided that the church would retain the three original Christian creeds : the Apostolic , the Athanasian , and the Nicene . In 1686, the Riksdag of the Estates adopted the Book of Concord , although only certain parts, labelled Confessio fidei , were considered binding, and the other texts merely explanatory. Confessio fidei included the three aforementioned Creeds, the Augsburg Confession and two Uppsala Synod decisions from 1572 and 1593. During

3360-403: Was descended from King Gustav Vasa and Christina Magdalena , a sister of Charles X of Sweden . From 1727 to 1750 Prince Adolf Frederick was the prince-bishop of Lübeck . This meant he ruled a fief around and including Eutin . After his first cousin, Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp , died in 1739, Adolf Frederick became the administrator of Holstein- Kiel during the minority of

3420-623: Was installed in Lund . Uppsala was made Sweden's archdiocese in 1164, and remains so today. The papal diplomat William of Modena attended a church meeting in Skänninge in March 1248, where the ties to the Catholic Church were strengthened. The most cherished national Catholic saints were the 12th-century King Eric the Saint and the 14th-century visionary Bridget , but other regional heroes also had

3480-598: Was known as the Shipyard Museum ( Varvsmuseet ). In the 1960s, ten figureheads created by Johan Törnström were brought to the museum. Since June 1997, the museum has been housed on the island of Stumholmen in central Karlskrona. The Statens Maritima Museer organization oversees the operations of the Marinmuseum, as well as Stockholm 's Vasa Museum and the Maritime Museum . The rectangular building design includes

3540-503: Was merged with the Diocese of Växjö . Another diocese which no longer exists is the Diocese of Mariestad , which existed as superintendentia between 1580 and 1646 and was replaced by the Diocese of Karlstad . The dioceses of Uppsala, Strängnäs, Västerås, Skara, Linköping, Växjö, and the now-Finnish Diocese of Turku , are the original seven Swedish dioceses, dating from the Middle Ages. The rest have come into existence after that time and

3600-489: Was more widespread, and became normative, the practice of sequential ordination is attested in the seventeenth century Swedish Church. Bishop Johannes Rudbeckius (1619–1646) habitually ordained men to the diaconate in advance of ordaining them to the priesthood, and this was said by Archbishop Johannes Lenaeus of Uppsala (in 1653) to be usual Church of Sweden practice. In the Evangelical Lutheran churches, including

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