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Marilyn Horne

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Marilyn Berneice Horne (born January 16, 1934) is an American mezzo-soprano opera singer . She specialized in roles requiring beauty of tone, excellent breath support, and the ability to execute difficult coloratura passages. She is a recipient of the National Medal of Arts and the Kennedy Center Honors , and has won four Grammy Awards .

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87-624: Marilyn Berneice Horne was born in Bradford, Pennsylvania , one of the four children of Bentz and Berneice Horne. Her parents were both politicians, with her mother serving as city assessor of the Fifth Ward and her father appointed as McKean County assessor. Bentz was also a semi-professional singer and, noticing Marilyn's talent, sought to move the family to a place where she could have access to professional vocal training and more opportunities to perform. Along with her older brother Richard and sister Gloria,

174-562: A ball drop of its own . As of the census of 2000, there were 9,175 people, 3,922 households, and 2,247 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,659.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,026.9/km ). There were 4,371 housing units at an average density of 1,267.1 per square mile (489.2/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 97.74% White , 0.49% African American , 0.31% Native American , 0.52% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 0.27% from other races , and 0.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.95% of

261-461: A University of Pittsburgh branch campus, Bradford is the principal city in the Bradford, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area . The population was 7,825 at the 2020 United States Census . Settled in 1823, Bradford was chartered as a city in 1837 and emerged as a wild oil boomtown in the Pennsylvania oil rush in the late 19th century. The area's Pennsylvania Grade crude oil has superior qualities and

348-700: A bar and cloakroom. The Linbury is most notable for hosting performances of experimental and independent dance and music, by independent companies and as part of the ROH2, the contemporary producing arm of the Royal Opera House. The Linbury Studio Theatre regularly stages performances by the Royal Ballet School and also hosts the Young British Dancer of the Year competition. The venue was constructed as part of

435-484: A benefit concert for him after Covent Garden refused. In 1817, bare flame gaslight had replaced the former candles and oil lamps that lighted the Covent Garden stage. This was an improvement, but in 1837 Macready employed limelight in the theatre for the first time, during a performance of a pantomime, Peeping Tom of Coventry . Limelight used a block of quicklime heated by an oxygen and hydrogen flame. This allowed

522-475: A character named "Jackie", her own nickname, a meek and nervous would-be singer who develops a crush on character Oscar Madison (Jack Klugman) and into a full-blown diva as well, playing the role of Carmen in Felix Unger's (Tony Randall) opera group production. She also sang on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and The Carol Burnett Show . She made her Los Angeles debut the same year when she performed

609-484: A costume-making facility for the Royal Opera House and a training centre for students of costume-making from South Essex College . The building also houses the Royal Opera House's collection of historically important costumes. Other elements at High House, Purfleet, include The Backstage Centre, a new technical theatre and music training centre which is currently run by the National College for Creative Industries and

696-480: A loan to the Culture Recovery Fund . In 2023 members of the orchestra were selected to play at the coronation of Charles III and Camilla . In 2024, the public branding of the venue and its associated online and media presence was changed from the Royal Opera House to Royal Ballet and Opera to reflect the combined companies that call the physical building their home. The physical building itself remains

783-477: A main public area for performances in the main auditorium, the Paul Hamlyn Hall is also used for hosting a number of events, including private functions, dances, exhibitions, concerts, and workshops. The Linbury Studio Theatre is a flexible, secondary performance space, constructed below ground level within the Royal Opera House. It has retractable raked seating and a floor which can be raised or lowered to form

870-624: A major overhaul. In 1975 the Labour government gave land adjacent to the Royal Opera House for a long-overdue modernisation, refurbishment, and extension. In the early 1980s the first part of a major renovation included an extension to the rear of the theatre on the James Street corner. The development added two new ballet studios, offices, a Chorus Rehearsal Room and the Opera Rehearsal room. Dressing rooms were also added. By 1995, sufficient funds from

957-645: A new studio theatre, the Linbury, as well as more public space was created. The inclusion of the adjacent old Floral Hall, which had fallen into disrepair and was used as a scenery store before redevelopment, created a new and extensive public gathering place. The venue is now claimed by the ROH to be the most modern theatre facility in Europe. Surtitles , projected onto a screen above the proscenium, have been used for all opera performances since they were introduced for school matinees in

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1044-558: A scenery-making facility for their operas and ballets at High House, Purfleet , Essex, on 6 December 2010. The building was designed by Nicholas Hare Architects. The East of England Development Agency, which partly funded developments on the park, notes that "the first phase includes the Royal Opera House's Bob and Tamar Manoukian Production Workshop and Community areas". The Bob and Tamar Manoukian Costume Centre, also designed by Nicholas Hare Associates, opened in September 2015, and provides

1131-486: A studio floor, a raised stage, or a stage with orchestra pit. The theatre can accommodate up to 400 patrons and host a variety of different events. It has been used for private functions, traditional theatre shows, and concerts, as well as community and educational events, product launches, dinners and exhibitions, etc., and is one of the most technologically advanced performance venues in London with its own public areas, including

1218-584: Is Bradford Area School District . University of Pittsburgh at Bradford is in Bradford Township . Royal Opera House The Royal Ballet and Opera , formerly the Royal Opera House ( ROH ), is a historic opera house and major performing arts venue in Covent Garden , central London . The large building is often referred to as simply Covent Garden , after a previous use of the site. It

1305-424: Is consistent with the maintenance of the best possible standards ..." The Royal Opera House reopened on 20 February 1946 with a performance of The Sleeping Beauty in an extravagant new production designed by Oliver Messel . Webster, with his music director Karl Rankl , immediately began to build a resident company. In December 1946, they shared their first production, Purcell 's The Fairy-Queen , with

1392-784: Is especially snowy due to heavy amounts of lake effect snow from Lake Erie and, to a lesser extent, Lake Ontario . Lake effect snow during cold snaps in early spring also helps to raise snowfall totals. Bradford is located within miles of the Allegany State Park in New York , the third-largest state park in the United States, and the Allegheny National Forest , the only national forest in Pennsylvania. The Tuna Valley Trails Association has constructed several miles of trails in

1479-511: Is free of asphaltic constituents, contains only trace amounts of sulfur and nitrogen, and has excellent characteristics for refining into lubricants. The Bradford & Foster Brook Railway was built in 1876 as one of, if not the first, monorails in America, when Bradford was a booming oil town. World-famous Kendall racing oils were produced in Bradford. Bradford was the site of an important step in

1566-412: Is located approximately 15 miles (24 km) south of the city, at Mount Alton. The elevation of the city is 1,443 feet (440 meters) above sea level, but the airport is at an elevation of 2,142 feet (653 meters) above sea level. Because of the higher elevation, the airport often has the coldest reported air temperatures in Pennsylvania. The airport has one of the few National Weather Service stations across

1653-515: Is owned by Zippo and makes hunting, fishing, folding pocketknives, and collectibles. In February 2009, the two companies employed 1,117 people, but significant layoffs have taken place since. After Zippo and Case, the second largest employer is Bradford Regional Medical Center (BRMC), which employed 759 in February 2009. BRMC underwent a significant campus expansion in 2006. Other major employers in February 2009 included Beacon Light (682 employees), which

1740-452: Is responsible for overseeing troubled youth. Bradford Area School District (474) and Wal-Mart (378). FCI McKean nearby employed 301 at that time. The city is home to American Refining Group (formerly Kendall), and their line of specialty products. Along with being Bradford's longest running active business, ARG is the oldest continuously operating refinery in the United States. It celebrated its 125th anniversary in 2006. Since ARG purchased

1827-558: Is separately Grade II heritage listed. The redevelopment had gone ahead on the strength of a pledge of £10m from the philanthropist Alberto Vilar and for a number of years, it was known as the Vilar Floral Hall; however Vilar failed to make good his pledge. As a result, the name was changed in September 2005 to the Paul Hamlyn Hall, after the opera house received a donation of £10m from the estate of Paul Hamlyn , towards its education and development programmes. As well as acting as

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1914-591: Is the home of The Royal Opera , The Royal Ballet , and the Orchestra of the Royal Opera House. The first theatre on the site, the Theatre Royal (1732), served primarily as a playhouse for the first hundred years of its history. In 1734, the first ballet was presented. A year later, the first season of operas, by George Frideric Handel , began. Many of his operas and oratorios were specifically written for Covent Garden and had their premieres there. The current building

2001-401: Is the third theatre on the site, following disastrous fires in 1808 and 1856 to previous buildings. The façade , foyer , and auditorium date from 1858, but almost every other element of the present complex dates from an extensive reconstruction in the 1990s. The main auditorium seats 2,256 people, making it the third largest in London, and consists of four tiers of boxes and balconies and

2088-498: Is −37 °F (−38 °C) set in February 1934 and the record high is 99 °F (37 °C) in July 2011. Other notable extremes include a −9 °F (−23 °C) recording on November 29, 1930, and on November 30, 1929, a −3 °F (−19 °C) recording on April 1, 1923, an 83 °F (28 °C) degree reading on March 30, 1986, and March 29, 1998, and a 28 °F (−2 °C) degree reading on August 29, 1982. Late fall/early winter

2175-600: The First World War , the theatre was requisitioned by the Ministry of Works for use as a furniture repository. From 1934 to 1936, Geoffrey Toye was managing director, working alongside the artistic director Sir Thomas Beecham . Despite early successes, Toye and Beecham eventually fell out, and Toye resigned. During the Second World War the ROH became a dance hall. There was a possibility that it would remain so after

2262-887: The Marilyn Horne Song Competition through 2020. In 2013, Horne donated her personal archives to the University of Pittsburgh . The creation of the Marilyn Horne Museum and Exhibit Center in the Pitt Bradford campus’ Seneca Building (now Marilyn Horne Hall) was partially made possible through a $ 3 million grant the McKean County Industrial Development Authority received from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's Redevelopment Assistance Capital Program in 2013. Since opening on May 6, 2017,

2349-679: The Metropolitan Opera in 1970 as Adalgisa in Bellini's Norma with Sutherland in the title role. She thereafter appeared regularly at the Met, opening the 1972/1973 season as Carmen. A great success there was in Meyerbeer's Le prophète , in John Dexter 's production. In 1984, she sang the title role of Handel's opera seria Rinaldo (directed by Frank Corsaro ), the first Handel opera ever performed at

2436-732: The Oberlin Conservatory of Music ; the University of Maryland, College Park ; the Manhattan School of Music ; and the University of Oklahoma . From 1997 to 2018 Horne directed the Voice Program at the Music Academy of the West in Santa Barbara, California . Since 2018 she holds the position of Honorary Voice Program Director. She is scheduled to teach and remain the head of the jury for

2523-608: The Shaker hymn " Simple Gifts " at the inauguration of President Bill Clinton . Horne retired from the concert stage in 1999 with a recital at the Chicago Symphony Center . She still occasionally performs at pop concerts (most recently with Broadway star Barbara Cook ). Horne has also established the Marilyn Horne Foundation to help preserve the art of vocal recitals. She teaches a series of annual Master Classes at

2610-636: The amphitheatre gallery. The proscenium is 14.80 metres (48 ft 7 in) wide, with the stage of the same depth and 12.20 metres (40 ft 0 in) high. The main auditorium is a Grade I listed building . The Royal Opera House was rebranded as the Royal Ballet and Opera in 2024. The foundation of the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden lies in the letters patent awarded by Charles II to Sir William Davenant in 1662, allowing Davenant to operate one of only two patent theatre companies ( The Duke's Company ) in London. The letters patent remained in

2697-524: The bel canto repertoire. They first performed together in a concert version of Vincenzo Bellini 's Beatrice di Tenda at The Town Hall in Manhattan in February 1961. This performance was so successful it was repeated twice at Carnegie Hall. In 1965, they were paired again in a performance of Rossini's Semiramide with the Opera Company of Boston , and sang in a joint concert on October 15, 1979, which

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2784-518: The interracial marriage would have a negative impact on Horne's career, saying, "Be his mistress, for God's sake, not his wife," but soon reconciled with them. They maintained a home in the Echo Park neighborhood of Los Angeles for many years. In 1965 the couple welcomed a daughter named Angela. After Horne's breakup with Lewis, she began a long-term relationship with Greek bass Nicola Zaccaria . In December 2005, shortly before Horne's 72nd birthday, she

2871-711: The pantomime clown Joseph Grimaldi ( The Garrick of Clowns ) had performed his greatest success in Harlequin and Mother Goose; or the Golden Egg at Covent Garden, and this was subsequently revived, at the new theatre. Grimaldi was an innovator: his performance as Joey introduced the clown to the world, building on the existing role of Harlequin derived from the Commedia dell'arte . His father had been ballet-master at Drury Lane, and his physical comedy, his ability to invent visual tricks and buffoonery , and his ability to poke fun at

2958-527: The 'spectacular', including live horses on the stage and very loud music. Critics considered it a complete failure and Jullien was ruined and fled to America. Costa and his successors presented all operas in Italian, even those originally written in French, German or English, until 1892, when Gustav Mahler presented the debut of Wagner's Ring cycle at Covent Garden. The word "Italian" was then quietly dropped from

3045-407: The 1971 Portrait of Sir David Webster by David Hockney , which had hung in the opera house for several decades, was put up for auction at Christie's . It eventually sold for £12.8 million. The funds raised from the sale were needed to ensure the survival of the institution. "Significant redundancies " and an appeal for public donations were also made. In addition, the opera house applied for

3132-457: The 1983/4 season. Since the reopening of the theatre in 1999 an electronic libretto system provides translations onto small video screens for some seats, and additional monitors and screens are to be introduced to other parts of the house. In 2014 design work, known as the Open Up Project, began with the aim of opening the theatre's building to the public during the day, as well as improving

3219-466: The 2010 census had dropped to 8,770. Two adjoining townships, home to approximately 9,000 people, make the population of Greater Bradford about 18,000. Famous Bradfordians include the opera singer Marilyn Horne , the Hall of Fame baseball player Rube Waddell and the five-time All-Star football player Stew Barber . A famous perpetual motion machine hoax was created in Bradford in 1897 by J.M. Aldrich. The hoax

3306-656: The 3,400 square-foot exhibition space celebrates the life and career of American mezzo-soprano, Marilyn Horne. The museum highlights objects from Horne's personal archive, which is housed at the University of Pittsburgh. Annual festivals include Stinkfest (a festival promoting leek cuisine), Summer Daze (formerly known as Summerfest), Autumn Daze, the Italian Festival, the Zippo/Case International Swap Meet (biennial, with Zippo Days held in off years) and

3393-601: The 90s redevelopment of the Royal Opera House. It is named in recognition of donations made by the Linbury Trust towards the redevelopment. The Trust is operated by Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover and his wife Anya Linden , a former dancer with the Royal Ballet. The name Linbury is derived from the names Linden and Sainsbury. It was opened in 1999 with a collaboration from three Croydon secondary schools (including Coloma Convent Girls' School and Edenham High School ) in an original performance called About Face . In 2008

3480-470: The Arts Lottery through Arts Council England and private fundraising had been raised to enable the company to embark upon a major £213 million reconstruction of the building by Carillion , which took place between 1997 and 1999, under the chairmanship of Sir Angus Stirling . This involved the demolition of almost the whole site including several adjacent buildings to make room for a major increase in

3567-468: The Crook Farm Country Fair. In early August, the annual Big 30 Charity high school all star football game takes place at Parkway Field, where a million-dollar artificial playing surface was installed in 2008. In 2009, for the first time, National Night Out was a significant event in Bradford, coinciding with Taste of Bradford. A First Night celebration is held on New Year's Eve , complete with

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3654-511: The Met. Although best known for her bel canto and opera seria roles, Horne also sang much American music, both contemporary music by composers such as William Bolcom , and traditional popular songs. She can be heard on the soundtrack of the 1961 film Flower Drum Song singing "Love, Look Away" and she sang the role of Lady Thiang on the Philips recording of The King and I starring Julie Andrews and Ben Kingsley . She had previously sung in

3741-628: The New York border. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 3.5 square miles (9.1 km ), all land. Bradford is situated in a valley in the Allegheny Mountains and is surrounded by woods and steep hills. Two branches of the Tunungwant Creek enter the city, merge and flow north into the Allegheny River just across the New York border. Bradford Regional Airport

3828-662: The Royal Opera House and Manchester City Council began planning stages a new development known as Royal Opera House, Manchester . The proposal would have seen the Palace Theatre in Manchester refurbished, to create a theatre capable of staging productions by both the Royal Ballet and the Royal Opera. It was intended that the Royal Opera House would take residence of the theatre for an annual 18-week season, staging 16 performances by

3915-409: The Royal Opera House whilst the branding and business operations change their title to reflect this adjustment. The Paul Hamlyn Hall is a large iron and glass structure adjacent to, and with direct access to, the main opera house building. The hall now acts as the atrium and main public area of the opera house, with a champagne bar, restaurant and other hospitality services, and also providing access to

4002-474: The Royal Opera, 28 performances by the Royal Ballet and other small-scale productions. A year later The Lowry sent an open letter to the then Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Media and Sport , Ben Bradshaw , Arts Council England, Manchester City Council and the ROH, calling for the scheme, in its current form, to be scrapped. In 2010 it was announced that the project was being shelved as part of larger arts-funding cuts. The Royal Opera House opened

4089-490: The Theatre Royal (designed by Edward Shepherd ) at the site of an ancient convent garden. Inigo Jones had developed part of this property in the 1630s with a piazza and St Paul's church (now known colloquially as the actors' church). In addition, a Royal Charter had created a fruit and vegetable market in the area, a market which survived in that location until 1974 . At the opening of the theatre on 7 December 1732, Rich

4176-408: The West . Horne's first major professional engagement was in 1954, when she dubbed the singing voice of Dorothy Dandridge in the film Carmen Jones . Until that point, she had worked as a background singer for several TV sitcoms, as well as recorded covers of popular songs of the early 1950s, which were sold in dimestores around the country for $ 1.98. She made an appearance on The Odd Couple as

4263-425: The audience were extraordinary. Early pantomimes were performed as mimes accompanied by music, but as Music hall became popular, Grimaldi introduced the pantomime dame to the theatre and was responsible for the tradition of audience singing. By 1821 dance and clowning had taken such a physical toll on Grimaldi that he could barely walk, and he retired from the theatre. By 1828, he was penniless; Drury Lane held

4350-403: The average family size was 2.93. In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.7 males. The median income for a household in the city

4437-539: The ballet company. On 14 January 1947, the Covent Garden Opera Company gave its first performance of Bizet 's Carmen . Before the grand opening, the Royal Opera House presented one of the Robert Mayer Children's concerts on Saturday, 9 February 1946. Several renovations had taken place to parts of the house in the 1960s, including improvements to the amphitheatre but the theatre clearly needed

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4524-475: The child performer Master Betty ; the great clown Joseph Grimaldi made his name at Covent Garden. Many famous actors of the day appeared at the theatre, including the tragediennes Sarah Siddons and Eliza O'Neill , the Shakespearean actors William Macready , Edmund Kean and his son Charles . On 25 March 1833 Edmund Kean collapsed on stage while playing Othello , and died two months later. In 1806,

4611-456: The city line in Foster Brook . The Bradford Creative and Performing Arts Center season runs from September to March. The Bromeley Family Theater at The University of Pittsburgh at Bradford hosts many events in the university's Spectrum Series that brings authors, artists, musicians, recitalists and performance groups to campus with all events open to the public. Theater productions are staged by

4698-566: The community, with a master plan of over 50 miles (80 km) currently being planned, funded and implemented. Parks in the city include Callahan Park, with swimming pools, tennis courts and an enclosed ice skating rink, and Hanley Park, with a large playground, horseshoe pits and a skate park. The surrounding area has two golf courses, the Pennhills Club in Bradford Township and Pine Acres Golf Course near Marshburg. Its school district

4785-596: The development of personal aviation. In the 1930s, the Taylor Brothers Aircraft Corporation produced an airplane called the Taylor Cub in Bradford. After a fire at the factory, the company was bought by William T. Piper . After relocating his factory to Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, Piper resumed production of a revised design of the airplane first produced in Bradford, which became the world-famous Piper Cub . The population peaked at 19,306 in 1930, but at

4872-448: The entire northern tier of the state. Temperatures in the city are typically three to seven degrees warmer than at the airport due to the difference in elevation, and actual city temperatures are more representative of other communities in northern Pennsylvania and southwestern New York than are the airport's. Bradford has a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) with cold, long, snowy winters and warm, humid summers. The record low in Bradford

4959-563: The entrances, lobby areas and the Linbury Theatre. As part of the Open Up Project, IQ Projects were tasked with the renovation of the upper floor bar area and restaurant utilising various elements of bespoke glazing. In October 2020, the BBC reported that the Royal Opera House had lost 60% of its income as a result of restrictions implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic . As a consequence,

5046-470: The existing shell of the building. Rebuilding began in December 1808, and the second Theatre Royal, Covent Garden (designed by Robert Smirke ) opened on 18 September 1809 with a performance of Macbeth followed by a musical entertainment called The Quaker . The actor-manager John Philip Kemble , raised seat prices to help recoup the cost of rebuilding and the cost of an increased ground rent introduced by

5133-484: The family moved to Long Beach, California when Marilyn was 11. Her younger brother, Jay, was born after the move to Long Beach, in 1949. At age 13, Horne became part of the newly formed Roger Wagner Chorale . She is an alumna of Long Beach Polytechnic High School . As a high school student, she was part of the St. Luke's Episcopal Church Choir of Long Beach under the direction of William Ripley Dorr. The choir often worked for

5220-507: The greatest singers who had ever performed at the house and included Horne, the only one still actively singing at the time. She was awarded Yale University 's Sanford Medal . Bradford, Pennsylvania Bradford is a city in McKean County , Pennsylvania . It is located close to the border with New York state and approximately 78 miles (126 km) south of Buffalo, New York . Home to an oil refinery, Zippo headquarters and

5307-405: The inauguration of Gelsenkirchen 's new opera house on May 22, 1960. In 1960, she returned to the United States to appear in Wozzeck at the San Francisco Opera . She debuted in 1961 at Lyric Opera of Chicago where she created the role of Lora in Vittorio Giannini 's The Harvest . For many years, Horne was associated with the Australian soprano Dame Joan Sutherland in their performances of

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5394-421: The landowner, the Duke of Bedford, but the move was so unpopular that audiences disrupted performances by beating sticks, hissing, booing and dancing. The Old Price Riots lasted over two months, and the management was finally forced to accede to the audience's demands. During this time, entertainments were varied; opera and ballet were presented, but not exclusively. Kemble engaged a variety of acts, including

5481-434: The main auditorium at all levels. The building was formerly known as Floral Hall . It was originally built by the Opera House to house a flower market (also selling fruits and vegetables), hence the name. It was designed by Edward Middleton Barry and opened in 1860. After being used as a concert hall, it became part of the Covent Garden Market in 1887. A fire broke out in the building in 1956, after which it sat derelict. It

5568-465: The movie studios and recorded with Capitol Records . Marilyn and her sister Gloria were part of the St. Luke's Episcopal Church Quartet. Horne won a scholarship for the University of Southern California where she was a member of Pi Beta Phi sorority. She studied voice under William Vennard and Gwendolyn Koldofsky at the University of Southern California School of Music and participated in Lotte Lehmann 's vocal master classes at Music Academy of

5655-408: The museum publicly displays a rotating portion of the collection at the regional campus in Bradford, from which she received an honorary degree in 2004. The museum is open seven days a week and admission is free. Horne was married from 1960 to 1979 (separated 1974) to the conductor Henry Lewis whom she met in college at the University of Southern California. Her mother initially had misgivings that

5742-434: The name of the opera house. The conjuror John Henry Anderson , who had exposed the Davenport brothers , leased the theatre to stage his shows which were critical of mediums and spiritualism . After a gala performance and bal masqué organised by Anderson, the theatre caught fire in the early hours of 5 March 1856 and was destroyed. Work on a third theatre, designed by Edward Middleton Barry , started in 1857, and

5829-428: The new building, which still remains as the nucleus of the present theatre, was built by Lucas Brothers and opened on 15 May 1858 with a performance of Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots . The Royal English Opera company under the management of Louisa Pyne and William Harrison , made their last performance at Theatre Royal, Drury Lane , on 11 December 1858 and took up residence at Covent Garden on 20 December 1858 with

5916-405: The population. There are 3,922 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18, 36.9% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.7% of households were non-families. 36.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and

6003-411: The possession of the patentees' heirs until the 19th century. Their whereabouts were unknown for some time, but as of 2019 they are held in the Rosenbach Museum & Library , Philadelphia . In 1728, John Rich , actor-manager of the Duke's Company at Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre , commissioned The Beggar's Opera from John Gay . The success of this venture provided him with the capital to build

6090-414: The premiere of Michael Balfe 's Satanella – the first opera to have its world premiere at the new theatre – and continued there until 1865. The theatre became the Royal Opera House (ROH) in 1892, and the number of French and German works offered increased. Winter and summer seasons of opera and ballet were given, and the building was also used for pantomime, recitals and political meetings. During

6177-489: The refinery in the mid-1990s, employment has almost doubled to just under 300 in February 2009. Bradford has a four-year college, the University of Pittsburgh at Bradford (Pitt-Bradford), which in the fall term 2009 had 1,455 full-time students and 202 part-time students for a total enrollment of 1,657, with 217 full-time employees and 106 part-time employees. Almost 900 students live on campus. The city's shopping mall and many of its chain businesses are located just north of

6264-665: The role of Hata in The Bartered Bride with the Los Angeles Guild Opera. Her first major breakthrough came when her singing ability was recognized by Igor Stravinsky ; her operatic career began when he invited her to perform in the 1956 Venice festival. She remained in Europe for three seasons singing for the Gelsenkirchen Opera . She was highly acclaimed for her performance as Marie in Alban Berg 's Wozzeck at

6351-514: The size of the complex. The auditorium itself remained, but well over half of the complex is new. The design team was led by Jeremy Dixon and Edward Jones of Dixon Jones BDP as architects. The acoustic designers were Rob Harris and Jeremy Newton of Arup Acoustics. The building engineer was Arup with Stanhope as developer. The new building has the same traditional horseshoe-shaped auditorium as before, but with greatly improved technical, rehearsal, office, and educational facilities. Additionally,

6438-482: The theater departments at Pitt-Bradford and the high school and by the Bradford Little Theater (BLT), which celebrated its 10th anniversary in 2006. BLT also operates Togi's Playhouse for smaller productions. An annual community talent show, Kiwanis Kapers, occurs in the fall. In May 2017, the Marilyn Horne Museum and Exhibit Center opened in downtown Bradford. Part of the University of Pittsburgh at Bradford,

6525-404: The theatre; many of his operas and oratorios were written for that venue or had their first London performances there. He bequeathed his organ to John Rich, and it was placed in a prominent position on the stage. It was among many valuable items lost in a fire that destroyed the theatre on 20 September 1808. In 1792 the architect Henry Holland rebuilt the auditorium; he expanded its capacity within

6612-476: The two companies, competition was intense, and the companies often presented the same plays at the same time. Rich introduced pantomime to the repertoire, performing himself, under the stage name John Lun , as Harlequin . A tradition of seasonal pantomime continued at the modern theatre until 1939. In 1734, the theatre presented its first ballet, Pygmalion . Marie Sallé discarded tradition and her corset and danced in diaphanous robes. George Frideric Handel

6699-470: The use of spotlights to highlight performers on the stage. The Theatres Act 1843 broke the patent theatres' monopoly of drama. At that time Her Majesty's Theatre in the Haymarket was the main centre of ballet and opera but after a dispute with the management in 1846 Michael Costa , conductor at Her Majesty's, transferred his allegiance to Covent Garden, bringing most of the company with him. The auditorium

6786-448: The war but, following lengthy negotiations, the music publishers Boosey & Hawkes acquired the lease of the building. David Webster was appointed General Administrator, and Sadler's Wells Ballet was invited to become the resident ballet company. The Covent Garden Opera Trust was created and laid out plans "to establish Covent Garden as the national centre of opera and ballet, employing British artists in all departments, wherever that

6873-859: The women's chorus for the 1956 film version of The King and I . In 1983, she published (with co-writer Jane Scovell ) a candid autobiography, My Life , and a continuation volume, Marilyn Horne: The Song Continues , appeared in 2004. On July 5, 1986, she performed on the New York Philharmonic 's tribute to the 100th anniversary of the Statue of Liberty , which was televised live on ABC Television . The orchestra, conducted by Zubin Mehta , performed in Central Park . She sang an aria from Carmen by Georges Bizet . In January 1993, Horne sang "Make A Rainbow" by American singer and songwriter Portia Nelson , and

6960-429: Was $ 26,463, and the median income for a family was $ 32,828. Males had a median income of $ 30,661 versus $ 21,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,537. About 16.9% of families and 20.7% of the population was below the poverty line , including 28.1% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over. Bradford is located on U.S. Route 219 , just south of its junction with Interstate 86 north of

7047-576: Was acquired by the Opera House in 1977 and used as storage space. The redevelopment of the Floral Hall as part of the 1990s redevelopment project involved lifting up the cast iron structure to accommodate new public areas for the opera house underneath. The southern side of the hall now connected with another building, so the cast iron south portico was dismantled and rebuilt in Borough Market , where it

7134-539: Was carried by his actors in procession into the building for its inaugural production of William Congreve 's The Way of the World . During its first century, the theatre was operated primarily as a playhouse, with the Letters Patent granted by Charles II giving the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden and Theatre Royal, Drury Lane exclusive rights to present spoken drama in London. Despite the frequent interchangeability between

7221-553: Was completely remodeled after an 1856 fire, during the following 1856–57 seasons, the company performed at the Lyceum Theatre . The theatre reopened as the Royal Italian Opera on 6 April 1857 with a performance of Rossini 's Semiramide . In 1852, Louis Antoine Jullien the French eccentric composer of light music and conductor presented an opera of his own composition, Pietro il Grande . Five performances were given of

7308-425: Was diagnosed with localized pancreatic cancer. In January 2007, she appeared at a public function for her Foundation. Interviewed by Norman Lebrecht on BBC Radio 3 on July 26, 2010, she spoke briefly about her cancer and cheerfully said, "I'm still here!" Horne received many honors during her career. A New York Times article by Harold C. Schonberg , in celebration of the Met's 100th anniversary in 1983, listed

7395-587: Was exposed in the July 1, 1899, issue of the Scientific American magazine. Ultimately, Aldrich was sentenced to four months in the county jail. The Bradford Armory , Bradford Downtown Historic District , Bradford Old City Hall , and Rufus Barrett Stone House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Bradford is the home of Zippo (est. 1932), a manufacturer of collectible pocket lighters, and Case (est. in Bradford in 1905), which

7482-488: Was named musical director of the company at Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1719, but his first season of opera for the theatre was not presented until 1734. His first opera was Il pastor fido , followed by Ariodante (1735), and the première of Alcina , and Atalanta the following year. In 1743 there was a royal performance of Messiah ; its success resulted in a tradition of Lenten oratorio performances. From 1735 until his death in 1759, Handel gave regular seasons at

7569-603: Was telecast as " Live from Lincoln Center ". Horne made her debut at the Royal Opera House in October 1964 as Marie in Wozzeck . Her La Scala debut was as Jocasta in Stravinsky's opéra-oratorio Œdipus rex on March 13, 1969. Another of Horne's breakthroughs occurred that same year during a performance of Rossini's Le siège de Corinthe at La Scala, when Horne received a remarkable mid-act seven-minute ovation. Horne made her debut at

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