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50-490: Mariana, or Marianne as she was often called at the French-influenced court, was born to Baron Gustaf Fredrik Koskull (a member of the aristocratic Koskull family ) and Anna Charlotta Gjelstrup. Although the family belonged to the nobility, they were poor, which was illustrated by the fact that her sister Constance Koskull (nicknamed 'Stansa') was forced to break her engagement to marry Christian Fredrik Damm, with whom she

100-451: A baron title on 11 March 1834. The family branch came from the Courland branch. Terpsichore In Greek mythology , Terpsichore ( / t ər p ˈ s ɪ k ər iː / ; Ancient Greek : Τερψιχόρη , "delight in dancing") is one of the nine Muses and goddess of dance and chorus . She lends her name to the word " terpsichorean ", which means "of or relating to dance". Terpsichore

150-584: A court marshal, married Johanna Fredrica Sophia Fleming af Liebelitz. As of 2004, the head of the family is Johan Koskull (born 1938) who owns and resides in the family estate Engaholm in Småland . In Imperial Russia the family was enrolled in the “ General Armorial of the Noble Families of the Russian Empire ” in the 17th part. On 20 January 1805, Emperor Franz II granted Joseph Koskull an imperial count title,

200-518: A legend, the family owned both sides of Lake Burtnieks during the 13th century, but due to a dispute between two brothers, it was decided that one brother would keep the Burtnieki side, while the other would keep the opposite side. The brother with the Burtnieki side had an oak beam with iron tires rammed into the lake to indicate the border, and also adopted a different name: von der Pahlen . He then made

250-401: A lover, formally presented at court. All the noblewomen who were asked to present her simulated illness until the last one, the lady-in-waiting countess Ruth, finally agreed to perform the presentation, and "fainted immediately afterwards." In 1823, when Queen Désirée returned to Sweden in the company of the new crown princess after eleven years of absence, the king appointed Koskull, as well as

300-446: A more modest one befitting a normal lady-in-waiting. Whether the relationship between Koskull and Charles XIV John actually discontinued, or if it was simply conducted discreetly after this, is not known, but she is no longer mentioned in the position as his mistress after 1823. Koskull died unmarried and childless. Koskull family The Koskull family ( Latvian : Koskuli , Russian : Коскуль ), also written as Koschkull,

350-505: A new coat of arms by changing the background color of the Koskulls' coat of arms to yellow while retaining the lake leaves, and hung the new arms on the oak beam; thus, the von der Pahlen family was born. The Koskulls are among the oldest Livonian families and were among the most influential and respected families in Terra Mariana . The first written information on the family appeared about

400-460: A noblewoman. She became a social success at court, where she was admired for her musicality and her talent as an actress. She was a good harp player, and often played the main part in the amateur theatre at court at special occasions and festivities, during which she was described as having as much talent as a professional actress. On 28 January 1811, Koskull participated to great acclaim in an amateur performance of The Barber of Seville , which

450-516: A purple background. The Koskull family and the Lieven family bear similar coats of arms: three lilies positioned identically. Furthermore, both families have traced their origins to Caupo of Turaida. It is believed that the Koskull family shares a common origin with the von der Pahlen family, who appeared in the region around the same time, and have a similar coat of arms bearing three sea leaves. According to

500-512: A secret and show all outwardly modesty, but Miss Koskull was so flattered to be in his favor that she was constantly bragging about it, flaunting magnificent jewelry of such value that they could only have come from the Crown Prince. In any event, she was commonly viewed as his favorite. Prince Oscar often met her at his father's and begun to court her, which at one occasion caused his governor baron Cederhjelm to say, after Marianne had flirted with

550-468: Is a wealthy aristocratic family of Livonian and German origin, famous for their extensive lands and manors. The family is descended from the first King of Livonia and officially established in Livonia as Koskele in 1302. The family spread to Estonia , Courland and Poland in the 15th century, Sweden and Finland in the 17th century, and Prussia and Russia in the 18th century. Several branches of

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600-524: Is estimated to be $ 1.6 billion. The first written information on the family dates back to 1302, when Andreas de Koskele was mentioned as a vassal in the Archbishopric of Riga . It is believed that he was the grandson of Gerhard de Koskele, the illegitimate son of Emperor Frederick II . It is most probable that Gerhard was part of the Livonian Crusades , which would explain his marriage to Magdalena,

650-424: Is not a true beauty but looks quite good, is thoughtless, vain, wishes only to amuse herself and is spoiled by having been commonly admired. She is actually of a good heart but offends people by sheer thoughtlessness. The King was pleased by Marianne, often made jokes with her and, despite his advance age, acted as her lover without actually being able to be one. This lady is lively, talented and quite educated. She has

700-607: Is usually depicted sitting down, holding a lyre , accompanying the dancers' choirs with her music. Her name comes from the Greek words τέρπω ("delight") and χoρός ("dance"). According to Hesiod 's Theogony , Zeus lay with the Titan Mnemosyne each night for nine nights in Piera , producing the nine Muses. According to Apollonius of Rhodes , Terpsichore was the mother of the Sirens by

750-492: The Livonian Crusades in the 13th century. First mentioned in 1302, the family settled in the northern part of the Archdiocese of Riga (present-day Dickeln parish), and acquired many estates during the colonization period. Their primary ancestral estates consisted of Lappier, Koskullshof (Stumpen), Schujen, Pahlen and Seckendorf. The family also owned the estates Napküll, Sutzen, Kulsdorf, Mazauce, Ostrominski (Košķele) as well as

800-720: The Omsk region , a village in the Krasnoarmeisk district of the Chelyabinsk region, and a lake in the Chanovsky district of the Novosibirsk region. Not much is known about the Prussian branch except that Lieutenant General Ernst von Koschkull (1775-1856) and his two nephews, Lieutenant General Leonhard von Koschkull (1798-1872) and First Lieutenant Alexander von Koschkull (1799-1839) were granted

850-540: The 1423 Treaty of Melno . The family was enrolled into the Livonian Knighthood under Nr 33, Estonian Knighthood under Nr 29 and into the Curonian Knighthood under Nr 138, all with a baron title. The family was also enrolled with a count title into the Livonian Knighthood under Nr 328, and into the Curonian Knighthood under Nr 260. They are one of a few families who emigrated from Germany to Livonia during

900-572: The 1450s, when Brand Koskull the Elder emigrated from Livonia. From then on, members of the family held high positions in armies, courts, and the royal palace. The family is widely known in Sweden, as several towns are named after the family, such as Koskullskulle and Kosta . The Koskulls are also notable in Sweden because some members, notably Aurora Wilhelmina Koskull and Mariana Koskull , were royal mistresses of several European kings. The relationship between

950-523: The Prince for quite a while: 'For God's sake Milady, spare the third generation, you are corrupting them all at once.' A crushing remark, when you consider the decrepit state of the King and the fact that Prince Oscar is so young that he could barely enjoy the pleasures of love as yet. Cederhjelm is a wit, known for his ingenious and somewhat mean remarks, which is why his comment could hardly be surprising. In 1816, when

1000-469: The branch in 1742. The third branch, Nr 184, was also elevated in 1720 from branch 248. Otto Johan Koskull was known to be the right hand of King Carl XII , fighting in numerous Swedish and Polish wars, thus he was elevated to a title. His wife was Märta Bonde, daughter of the von de Noth family. One of their sons, Ulric Carl, went into the Russian service as did his sons after him. The branch survived thanks to

1050-449: The branch's last member died in 1748. The second branch, Nr 160, was part of Nr 248 until Major General Anders Koskull (son of Erik Koskull) was elevated to a baron rank in 1719. He was married three times and had 9 children; however, all of his sons died without an heir. He was the Lord of Engaholm, which he passed on to his son-in-law, a Koskull from branch Nr 184. Anders Koskull himself closed

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1100-440: The councils, but usually slept. The candidacy to clerical appointment was suggested. The name of the parish awoke him. 'No, wait. Marianne Koskull wanted that.' He searched through his pocket, found the note she had given him and her protege was given the lucrative parish. Her position made her courted by supplicants but also other influential people: statesman count Johan Christopher Toll courted her influence, not only because she

1150-480: The crown prince's mistress Jacquette Löwenhielm , as ladies-in-waiting to the queen. Koskull was appointed to the position of kammarfröken (senior maid of honour ), the highest post possible for an unmarried noblewoman of the royal household, which she kept until her death. The queen seldom had any influence over who was appointed to her household, but the position of lady-in-waiting did not necessarily force her to spend time with any lady-in-waiting she disliked, and

1200-415: The crown princess was rumored to be returning to Sweden (which ultimately did not occur), the queen remarked that the crown prince did not wish her return because of his relationship with Koskull. During her parallel affair with the king and the crown prince, Koskull had a painting placed in one of the king's salons with a different image on each side, which was used to signal to the crown prince. One side of

1250-446: The daughter of Caupo of Turaida . The Koskull family claim descent from Caupo of Turaida, who was considered the first King of Livonia and who helped Bishop Meinhard spread Christianity in the region. Caupo himself converted to Christianity in 1186, and traveled to Rome to meet with Pope Innocent III in 1203. The Pope had granted and confirmed the title of Caupo of Livonia, along with a coat of arms depicting three golden lilies on

1300-609: The family also became counts in Imperial Russia . In Sweden , the family was granted noble status in 1638, and two branches were uplifted to baron status in 1719 and 1720. The title of imperial count was later transferred by decree to a Swedish branch of the family. Currently, the Swedish branch owns 20,000 hectares across the United Kingdom and an estate of 6,000 hectares in Sweden, called Engaholm. The family's combined net worth

1350-648: The family still exist today. The Koskulls are believed to be related to the von der Pahlen family. The Koskulls were enrolled in the Livonian Knighthood in 1742, in the Estonian Knighthood in 1777, and in the Courland Knighthood in 1841. In 1834, the family was granted a baron rank in Prussia . The title of imperial count was bestowed upon the family in 1805 by Francis II , and in 1898, members of

1400-424: The great quality of showing goodness to her family and takes care of the welfare of her siblings. Unfortunately she lacks discipline and has the grave fault of being utterly calculating. Although the Crown Prince has become enchanted by her, she should rather think about entering a suitable marriage than to be in his favor. While I cannot guarantee the truth of it, she is said to be his mistress. He wanted to keep this

1450-584: The highest count title of the Holy Roman Empire . In May 1897, the State council allowed the great-grandson of Imperial Count Joseph Koskull, court counselor Nikolai-Karl-Irnest Gospfor von Koskull, to transfer his county title to his relative Friedrich-Ernest-Alexander Karlov von Koskull. The new title was later approved by a certain ruling senate on 5 November 1898. On 12 November that year, the same ruling senate granted Adam-Karl-Edward-Wilhelm-Alexander von Koskull,

1500-438: The mistress of King Charles XIII as well as the mistress to his adopted successor, King Charles XIV John (crowned 1818). Koskull and Charles John were said to have had a secret child together, but this is unconfirmed. After the succession of Charles XIII in 1809, Koskull was talked about as the mistress of the king. Queen Charlotte, however, brushed this aside with the comment that the king may have been infatuated with Koskull but

1550-450: The oldest son of Count-Friedrich-Ernest-Alexander von Koskull, permission to use the title of count following the death of his father. The diploma for the Count's dignity was signed on 2 January 1902. A member of the Russian branch, Count Mikhail Frantsovich Koskull (1825-1869), married Princess Varvara Petrovna Shcherbatova. Together they had one daughter, Countess Sofia Mikhailovna Koskull, who

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1600-463: The painting showed Koskull painted as one of the muses ( Terpsichore ), and the other side showed an image of a fortune teller. Reportedly, when the painting was turned with the image of the fortune teller visible, it was a sign to the crown prince that that day was her day with the king; if it showed the image of the muse, then she would spend the day with the crown prince. Koskull reportedly used her influence with both Charles XIII and Charles John (who

1650-486: The position gave Koskull a high income and a legitimate reason to remain at court and live a comfortable life. After the queen and the crown princess were installed, the formal representational court life was revived in Sweden and Koskull was no longer an official mistress of the king, and it is noted that she moved out of her grand apartments in the Royal Palace, which illustrated her position as an official mistress, to

1700-542: The rank of major general before his death in 1676. His wife was Maria Catharina Frankelin , whose mother was Constantina Eriksdotter , the daughter of King Erik XIV and Agda Persdotter . Their daughters married into the Boije af Gennäs, von Stackelberg, and von Weissensée families. Their eldest son, Anders, was a major in the Ostgöta infantry and married to a Klingspor. Family branch Nr 248 contained many notable individuals; however,

1750-603: The royal family and the Koskulls was viewed as very close, which rendered the family very influential within the aristocracy. At some stage, the family had close relations with Napoleon I ; however, it is unclear if it was confined to Mariana and Aurora Koskull or if it extended to other family members. They are also founders of Kosta Boda , a famous Swedish glassworks which was founded in 1742 by General Anders Koskull and Georg Bogislaus Staël von Holstein . The family had three branches in Sweden, nr 248, 160, and 184. All three branches held noble or baron titles, with branch Nr 184 being

1800-486: The royal guard. At court, she was accused of abusing her influence over the crown prince to attain a promotion to Captain lieutenant of the royal guard for her brother Gustaf Adolf Koskull, who was ill-reputed for being a rake both at court and with his own relatives, the Brahe family. An anecdote was told about Koskull's influence upon Charles XIII: Charles XIII became more decrepit and apathetic each year. He did preside at

1850-564: The sole surviving Swedish branch today. The first branch, Nr 248, was presented in 1638 by Anders Koskull the Young (great-great-grandson of Brand Koskull the Elder), who served as a lieutenant and colonel of various regiments. In 1642, he became the Governor of Tartu County, and in 1656 he became Governor of Viborg County. He was naturalized in 1638 as a nobleman by Queen Christina and eventually ascened to

1900-483: The surrounding parishes. From Livonia, the family branched out to Courland and Estonia. Reinhold Koskull, who moved to Courland in 1603 from Dorpat , started a branch there. His descendants acquired significant estates in the areas of Grobin, Windau and Talsen. Peter von Koskull acquired the Asuppen and Adsirn estates in 1719. The Baltic branch of the Koskulls still exists today. The Koskull family first appeared in Sweden in

1950-640: The vassal of the Archbishop of Riga , Andreas de Koskele, in 1302. Throughout the 14th century, the family acquired vast lands and large manors. In the 14th century, the family owned land in the Dikli-Augstroze parish region of Līvu galā, now known as the Dikļi and Umurga parishes. Several family members participated in wars on behalf of the Livonian Confederation, such as Klaus Koskull, whose name appears in

2000-613: The village of Lemskull. During the 14th century, the family branched out to nearby dioceses (1385-04-25—Mauritius, Berend and Godeke Koskull are mentioned in the diocese of Dorpat . 1360-05-09—Andreas Koskull in Osel). The family held important positions in the archdiocese, such as Brand Koskull ( bailiff at Turaida Castle from 1417–1420), and Jakob Koskull (bailiff at the Koknese Castle in 1469) and held significant estates, mainly in Ubbenorm and

2050-531: The youngest son of Otto Johan, the equestrian master Anders Gustaf who married a relative from the Koskull branch Nr 160. The family was then divided into two smaller branches. The main branch descends from Anders Gustaf's son, a court lieutenant named Otto Anders Koskull, who had several children with Amalia Beata Silfversparre. The younger branch comes from war councilor Gustaf Fredrik Koskull, who married Anna Charlotta Gjelstrup in Hamburg. Their son, Anders Erik Koskull,

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2100-739: Was Prince Felix Yusupov , the last of the Yusupov princes and the richest man in the Russian Empire, the Koskull family had access to extreme wealth until the Russian Revolution . Only Mikhail Sumarokov-Elston survived the revolution by boarding HMS Marlborough to Malta with his cousin Prince Felix Yusupov. Several settlements in Russia are named after the family; separate villages in the Bolsherechensky , Tyukalinsky and Tarsky districts of

2150-490: Was a royal mistress, but also because she was related to countess Aurora Wilhelmina Brahe , who was the well-liked stepmother of the royal favorite Magnus Brahe (1790–1844) . In 1818, Charles XIII died and Charles John became King Charles XIV John. During the years between the death of Queen Charlotte in 1818 and the arrival of Queen Désirée and Crown Princess Josephine in 1823 (and with Princess Sophia Albertina of Sweden preferring to live in retirement due to her age) there

2200-422: Was acting regent during the reign of Charles XIII) to promote relatives and proteges to lucrative offices. In January 1817, Queen Charlotte noted in her journal: Miss Koskull is eager to recommend first one and then another. Sometimes it may be out of kindness, for she does really have a good heart, but also to show her power. That happened recently, when her brother Baron Gustaf Koskull was appointed lieutenant of

2250-488: Was evidently hidden for four years before being exposed, as Queen Charlotte commented in her famous journal that Koskull and Charles John had begun the affair the year of the departure of the crown princess to Paris in 1811, but that it was not exposed until the spring of 1815, when she the queen herself became certain of it. In June 1815, Queen Charlotte summarized the relationship between Koskull, Charles XIII, Crown Prince and Prince Oscar in her journal: Marianne Koskull

2300-406: Was given by members of the nobility at the Royal Palace in honor of the king's name day and the arrival of the crown princess. Koskull played the role of Rosina opposite Baron Gustaf Löwenhielm as Bartholo, Count Axel Mörner as Bazile, Count Carl Löwenhielm as Figaro and Count Gustaf Adolf Sparre as Alzade, followed by a ballet also performed by members of the court nobility. Koskull was known as

2350-521: Was in love, and marry the rich merchant John Hall the Younger for money instead. Reportedly, her father said to her: "Are you so stupid my Stansa!? Keep loving your Fredrik, but marry Hall – one does not prevent the other! We shall soon be reduced to beggary if you refuse Hall." Koskull was given a good education and, thanks to her rank, was appointed hovfröken (maid of honour) to Queen Charlotte , thus acquiring one of few professions socially acceptable for

2400-599: Was married to Count Nikolay Feliksovich Sumarokov-Elston, the suspected grandson of King Federick William IV of Prussia. Their son Mikhail Nikolaevich Sumarokov-Elston was considered the best tennis player in the Russian Empire , and 6th in the world at the time. Along with Alexander Alenitsy, he was the first Russian tennis player to participate in the Summer Olympic Games , and regularly played with Emperor Nicholas II . Because Countess Sofia Koskull's nephew-in-law

2450-466: Was no female royalty at court. Koskull was in effect the leading lady of the court as the official mistress of the king, who reportedly preferred to live "the life of a rich private citizen" in her company and did not uphold much of a court life. During this period, she lived in a grand apartment in the Royal Palace. Koskull had her sister Constance Koskull, who had been ostracized from the aristocracy because she had abandoned her husband and lived openly with

2500-524: Was too decrepit to do anything about it. In parallel to being talked about as the lover of Charles XIII, Koskull was also identified as the lover of the king's adopted son and heir, Crown Prince Charles John, who arrived in Sweden in 1810. The affair reportedly started after Charles John's wife Désirée Clary left Sweden for France in 1811, and after the crown prince had first unsuccessfully courted Koskull's cousin Aurora Wilhelmina Brahe . The affair

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