Misplaced Pages

#962037

55-638: The 1.5 L powered Shanghai Maple Haiyu 303 was introduced in 2004, As of 2005, the Maple Haiyu is available as both a sedan called the MA 303 and hatchback called the AA 205 . The 1.8 L powered Shanghai Maple Haishang (海尚) 305 was introduced in 2005. The facelifted model was named the Hysoul , featuring restyled front and rear ends featuring new front fenders, front bumpers, new hood, and new tail lamps. The styling of

110-485: A magneto or an ignition coil . In modern car engines, the ignition timing is managed by an electronic Engine Control Unit . Ignition modules can also function as a rev limiter in some cases to prevent overrevving and the consequences of it, such as valve float and connecting rod failure. Primers may be used to help start the engine. They can draw fuel from fuel tanks and vaporize fuel directly into piston cylinders. Engines are difficult to start during cold weather, and

165-632: A 2.0 TFSI with 132 kW (177 hp) and the 3.2 FSI with 195 kW (261 hp). The A4-based convertible models were replaced by the A5/S5 Cabriolet. The B8 powertrain options are the following: engines, transmissions and drivelines: (All United Kingdom specification unless stated otherwise). (for South Africa specification). (for Australia specification). (for New Zealand specification). Petrol engine A petrol engine ( gasoline engine in American and Canadian English)

220-415: A 3.0 V6 TDI, offering a 204 PS (150 kW; 201 bhp) model during the year 2005 which was upgraded to a 233 PS (171 kW; 230 bhp) model in 2006. A 2.7 V6 TDI was added later. Torsen T-2 based quattro permanent four-wheel drive remained as an option on most A4 models. Audi retained the 5 speed manual transmission with the 1.9 TDI and 2.0 non turbo petrol engines while introducing

275-558: A 90 PS (66 kW; 89 bhp) or 110 PS (81 kW; 108 bhp). The 2.6 and 2.8-litre V6 engines which had been carried over from the old 80/90 proved popular, although in North America, the 2.8-litre engine was the only V6 that was available there until 1997. A 2.4-liter version was developed especially for the Thai market, where import duty jumped from 60 to 100 percent on cars of over 2,400 cc displacement. The Audi A4

330-582: A distinctive radiator grille, stainless steel underbody guards and roof rails. The A4 allroad quattro was made available in early summer 2009. The car was unveiled in 2009 Geneva Motor Show . The A4L is a long-wheelbase version of the sedan/saloon for the Chinese market, with a 60 mm (2.4 in) longer wheelbase and length. The vehicle was presented at the 2008 Guangzhou Motor Show. The production version then went on sale in January 2009. Launch models included

385-450: A four-valve per cylinder configuration. The prior 5-valve design was incompatible with the FSI direct injection system (due to the siting of the fuel injector, now discharging directly into the combustion chamber). The 2.0 Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) diesel engine now combined Pumpe Düse (Unit Injector) (PD) technology with 16 valves, while the larger 2.5 TDI V6 diesel was superseded by

440-457: A lower compression ratio . The first practical petrol engine was built in 1876 in Germany by Nicolaus August Otto and Eugen Langen , although there had been earlier attempts by Étienne Lenoir in 1860, Siegfried Marcus in 1864 and George Brayton in 1873. Most petrol engines use either the four-stroke Otto cycle or the two-stroke cycle . Petrol engines have also been produced using

495-490: A new platform designation, the B7 was essentially a heavily facelifted and revised version of the B6, with revised steering settings, suspension geometry, new internal combustion engine ranges, navigation systems and chassis electronics (including a new advanced Bosch ESP 8.0 Electronic Stability Programme (ESP) system). The front grille assembly changed to a tall trapezoidal shape in

550-539: A power increase of 20 PS, giving an output of 220 PS on the 2.0T model. According to 2007 Swedish vehicle inspection data, the Audi A4 Avant with diesel engine is the most reliable vehicle available on the market, with vehicle inspection rejection rate of 0.0% in three-year-old category. When the successor B8 A4 range was introduced, the B7 series A4 was restyled and rebadged as the SEAT Exeo in 2008 with changes to

605-472: A power increase to 165 PS (121 kW; 163 bhp). Audi also debuted their new tiptronic automatic transmission on the B5 platform, based on the unit Porsche developed for their 964 -generation 911 . The transmission is a conventional automatic gearbox with a torque converter offering the driver a fully-automatic operation or manual selection of the gear ratios. The B5 marked Audi's continued move into

SECTION 10

#1732876719963

660-505: A significant facelift was introduced for the 1998 B5 model year at the 1997 Frankfurt Motor Show , with sales beginning in Europe in early 1998. The 2.8-litre 30-valve V6 engine replaced the 2.8-litre 12-valve. A 2.5-litre V6 Turbocharged Direct Injection diesel engine with 150 PS (110 kW; 148 bhp) was standard on the Quattro. A six-speed manual gearbox was available, as well as

715-655: Is a line of luxury compact executive cars produced since 1994 by the German car manufacturer Audi , a subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group . The A4 has been built in five generations and is based on the Volkswagen Group B platform . The first generation A4 succeeded the Audi 80 . The automaker's internal numbering treats the A4 as a continuation of the Audi 80 lineage, with the initial A4 designated as

770-406: Is an internal combustion engine designed to run on petrol ( gasoline ). Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as E10 and E85 ). Most petrol engines use spark ignition , unlike diesel engines which typically use compression ignition. Another key difference to diesel engines is that petrol engines typically have

825-576: Is available as a sedan and station wagon . Historically, the second (B6) and third generations (B7) of the A4 also included a convertible version. For the B8 and B9 versions, the convertible , along with a new coupé and 5-door liftback variant, was spun-off by Audi into a new nameplate called the Audi A5 . The B9 generation A4 and A5 will be replaced by B10 version of A5, as part of Audi's new naming convention. The first generation Audi A4 (known internally as

880-665: The Typ 8D ) debuted in October 1994, with production starting November 1994 and European sales commencing in January 1995 for the 1995 model year. North American sales later began in September 1995 for the 1996 model year. It was built on the Volkswagen Group B5 (PL45) platform , which it shared with the fourth generation Volkswagen Passat (B5, Typ 3B) . It had a front-mounted longitudinal engine and front-wheel drive . Many variations of

935-739: The Audi A6 , the boot was redesigned to remove the extension of the top edge with a smoother fold line. The rear light assemblies now formed part of the top line, these styling cues were eventually borrowed by other European as well as Asian manufacturers. A sport package named 'Ultra Sport' was introduced in the North American market shortly before the B6 was replaced by the B7. It included aluminium interior trim and door sills, "S line" steering wheel, front and rear spoilers, side skirts, and quattro GmbH designed 18-inch RS4 alloy wheels. The following engines were available: The Audi A4 (B6 & B7) passed

990-490: The Audi S4 sports sedan has been well-received for its V6 3.0 TFSI engine's power and efficiency. The B8 A4 was facelifted in early 2012. During a model, cycle changes are made to integrate new technologies and to keep the model competitive. These changes are referenced based on the model year (MY) of the car. In Australia, the B8 has undergone 2 revisions leading to three variants, the B8, B8 MY10 and B8 MY11. Audi released

1045-454: The Euro NCAP safety and crash tests, and was awarded the following car safety ratings: The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) awarded both the B6 & B7 a "Good" rating in the frontal crash test; the B7 was not retested since the front portion is structurally the same. Audi introduced a heavily facelifted A4 in late 2004, with the internal designation of B7 . Although given

1100-603: The Euro NCAP safety and crash tests, the Audi B5 A4 received 3 stars for front- and side-impact protection, but the last star is flagged to indicate that the driver may be subjected to a high risk of chest injury in the side impact. In 1997, Audi was the first European car manufacturer to put a hybrid vehicle into mass production , the third generation Audi duo, then based on the A4 Avant. The next A4, internally designated Typ 8E , debuted on 10 October 2000, now riding on

1155-462: The Miller cycle and Atkinson cycle . Most petrol-powered piston engines are straight engines or V engines . However, flat engines , W engines and other layouts are sometimes used. Wankel engines are classified by the number of rotors used. Petrol engines are either air-cooled or water-cooled . Petrol engines use spark ignition . High voltage for the spark this may be provided by

SECTION 20

#1732876719963

1210-564: The Volkswagen Group B6 (PL46) platform . The car's new styling was developed under Peter Schreyer between 1996 and 1998, inspired by the Bauhaus design language of the C5 (second-generation) Audi A6 introduced in 1997. The 1.6-litre base model powerplant remained unchanged, but most other petrol/gasoline engines received either displacement increases, or power upgrades. The 1.8-litre 20-valve Turbo

1265-405: The 6 speed manual for all higher output variants. As before, multitronic continuously variable transmission (CVT), now with selectable 'seven-speeds', was an option on front-wheel drive models, whilst a conventional ZF 6HP 6-speed tiptronic automatic transmission was an option on the quattro four-wheel drive models. In addition to the Audi S4 , which carried over the powertrain from

1320-597: The A4 were also available with Audi's quattro four-wheel drive system. The A4 was initially introduced as a four-door saloon/sedan ; the Avant ( estate/wagon ) was introduced in November 1995 and went on sale in February 1996. Development began in 1988, with the first design sketches being created later that year. By 1991, an exterior design by Imre Hasanic was chosen and frozen for November 1994 production by 1992. The interior design

1375-656: The B5-series, followed by the B6, B7, B8, and the B9. The B8 and B9 versions of the A4 are built on the Volkswagen Group MLB platform shared with several models and brands across the Volkswagen Group. The Audi A4 automobile layout consists of a front-engine design , with transaxle -type transmissions mounted at the rear of the engine. The cars are front-wheel drive , or on some models, " quattro " all-wheel drive . The A4

1430-557: The B6 S4 – Audi reintroduced the quattro GmbH developed Audi RS4 ( RS for R enn S port ) to the lineup, for the first time on the saloon/sedan and Cabriolet body, and with a naturally aspirated, but high-revving 4.2-litre V8 FSI engine. Another inclusion on the RS4 was the latest generation Torsen T-3 Quattro 4WD system, which uses a 'default' asymmetric 40:60 front-rear dynamic torque distribution bias. This new asymmetric center differential

1485-506: The B8 A4 is approximately 55:45, depending on body style and engine. The relocation of the steering rack in front of the axle also improves handling over previous A4 platforms. Key to the implementation of MLP is the novel mounting of the differential in front of the clutch. This is achieved by driving the flywheel/clutch remotely by means of a 'top hat' shaped drive plate, between which the differential lay shaft passes, whilst power transmission to

1540-501: The ECU, which increased the output to 220 PS (162 kW; 217 bhp) and 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) of torque. It was available with front-wheel drive, or Quattro four-wheel drive. The B7 Cabriolet model arrived later than the other two body variants, being first shown in late 2005 and with sales beginning in February 2006. New on the Cabriolet was an entry-level 2.0 TDI version, which

1595-595: The Shanghai Maple Hysoul, the Shanghai Maple Haifeng was introduced later featuring restyled front and rear ends featuring new rear fenders, front and rear bumpers, new trunk lid, and new tail lamps. The styling of the rear end was heavily inspired by the first generation Cadillac CTS . Production ended in 2010. This article about a modern automobile produced after 1975 is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Audi A4 The Audi A4

1650-415: The engine's power output was raised to 180 PS (132 kW; 178 bhp) and 235 N⋅m (173 lb⋅ft). Five-valve technology was also added to a reengineered V6 family of engines in 1997, starting with the 2.8-litre V6 30v, which now produced 193 PS (142 kW; 190 bhp), followed by a 2.4-litre V6 which was a downsize from the previous 2.6 litre, 150 hp (112 kW) engine, but with

1705-413: The final drive is via an inclined transfer shaft which runs the length of the transmission unit. Whilst the platform retains Audi's "overhung" engine mounting position, the front axle is now 152mm further forward than the previous B6/B7 generation platform. The transfer shaft, however, has the effect of creating a large "bulge" on one side of the transmission tunnel, which on right-hand drive versions forces

Maple Marindo - Misplaced Pages Continue

1760-579: The first official pictures of the B8 series A4 in August 2007 and unveiled the car to the public at the September 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show . Saloon/sedan and Avant ( estate/wagon ) models are offered. The Avant station wagon/estate was presented at the March 2008 Geneva Motor Show . The A4 Allroad Quattro is based upon the Avant but features a wider track, increased ground clearance, Quattro permanent four-wheel drive ,

1815-543: The front and rear plus interior trim from the A4 Cabriolet. The entire Audi B7 A4 production line from Audi's Ingolstadt plant was dismantled and sent to Volkswagen Group 's SEAT factory in Martorell , Spain. The following engines were available: The Audi A4 offers many standard safety features, including Bosch ESP 8.0 Electronic Stability Programme (ESP) with anti-lock braking system (ABS), side airbags in

1870-621: The front end was heavily inspired by the Audi A4 of the time and the Citroën ZX. The Marindo 305 was shown at the Frankfurt Motor Show in 2005 along with four Geely models. The Maple Haixuan (海炫) is the hatchback variant of the Hysoul model as they feature the same front end designs. The Haixuan is only available with the 1.5-litre inline-4 engine producing 94hp for the 2006 model year. Based on

1925-642: The fuel primer helps because otherwise there will not be enough heat available to vaporize the fuel in the carburetor . The power output of small- and medium-sized petrol engines (along with equivalent engines using other fuels) is usually measured in kilowatts or horsepower . Typically, petrol engines have a thermodynamic efficiency of about 20-30% (approximately half that of some diesel engines). Applications of petrol engines include automobiles , motorcycles , aircraft , motorboats and small engines (such as lawn mowers, chainsaws and portable generators). Petrol engines have also been used as "pony engines",

1980-506: The midsize luxury car segment, having started this trajectory notably with later model years of the preceding Audi 80/90 B4 . Despite initial mechanical problems, overall build and assembly quality were lauded both by the automotive press and within Audi and Volkswagen, and at the time, parent company Volkswagen declared the B5 the company-wide build quality benchmark for all its other models. The Audi A4 B5 saw nearly constant minor changes and alterations throughout its seven-year run. Moreover,

2035-444: The new high-performance Audi S4 , now part of the A4 lineup (the previous S4 had been an Audi 100 ). Cosmetic updates included new rear lights, headlights, door handles, and another minor exterior/interior changes. In mid-1998, the 1.8 20vT engine available outside Europe had its power output raised to 170 PS (125 kW; 168 bhp). The previous KKK K03 turbocharger , although fundamentally unchanged, received revisions on

2090-512: The pedals to be badly offset, which has attracted criticism from the British motoring press in particular. The B8 A4 has increased in wheelbase by 160 millimetres (6.3 in) and in length by 117 millimetres (4.6 in) over the prior B7, which has allowed for increased rear seating legroom. Although the overall dimensions have increased, the curb weight has dropped some 10%. The boot (trunk) has also increased to 480 litres (17.0 cu ft) for

2145-582: The range. The Avant was introduced in June 2001 and arrived in European showrooms in September 2001. For 2002, Audi increased power in the 1.8 Turbo engines to 183 PS (135 kW; 180 bhp) and 190 PS (140 kW; 187 bhp) – the 190 PS variant designated by a red 'T' on the boot lid. Available with four wheel drive and in the 2.5 TDI intermediate version to 163 PS (120 kW; 161 bhp). A 2.0 engine with Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI)

2200-449: The relationship between the engine, transmission and front axle, the MLP allows for a reduced front overhang, resulting in a greater wheelbase length without the same increase in overall length. This effectively redistributes the centre of gravity slightly rearwards, improving handling by better balancing vehicle mass between the front and rear axles. The estimated static front:rear weight ratio of

2255-567: The saloon (sedan) version. The A4 Avant will have a maximum capacity of 1,430 L (50.5 cu ft) with the rear seats folded down. Reception has been mixed, with praise for the Audi A4's increased size, giving it best-in-class rear legroom and trunk space in the compact executive car segment. Its inline-4 2.0 TFSI engine, while efficient providing plenty of torque, was considered lacking and less refined compared to 6-cylinder engines of lighter rivals who posted faster acceleration times. However,

Maple Marindo - Misplaced Pages Continue

2310-467: The saloon version. The Audi A4 Cabriolet version was co-developed and manufactured by Karmann . Audi introduced a continuously variable transmission developed by LuK , named multitronic , which replaced the dated conventional automatic transmission on front-wheel drive models. There have been widespread complaints from consumers around the world that the transmission box is prone to electronic glitches as well as mechanical problems. Borrowing from

2365-399: The saloon, 8ED for the Avant, and 8HE for the Cabriolet. The engine lineup received many additions. The 2005 introduction of Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) on the 2.0 TFSI and 3.2 V6 FSI petrol/gasoline engines , as well as other refinements, increased power output to 200 PS (147 kW; 197 bhp) and 255 PS (188 kW; 252 bhp), respectively. These engines both use

2420-547: The same manner as the C6 (third-generation) Audi A6 ; however, the dashboard and interior were virtually unchanged from the B6 aside from minor detailing. Audi's internal platform nomenclature uses PL46 ( p assenger car l ongitudinal platform, size 4 , generation 6 ) for both B6 and B7 chassis. The Typ 8E and Typ 8H internal designations are also carried over from the B6 A4 range, but now have an additional identifying suffix – 8EC for

2475-549: The seats, 'sideguard' curtain airbags, and its optional quattro four-wheel drive system. It also received the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) "Top Safety Pick For 2007". EuroNCAP crash test results from the B6 apply to the B7 model. Audi released the first official pictures of the B8 series A4 in August 2007 and unveiled the car to the public at the September 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show . Saloon/sedan and Avant ( estate/wagon ) models are offered. The Avant

2530-425: The turbine side to prevent cracking due to heat. The 12-valve V6 was replaced by the 30-valve unit which had been available in Europe for two years. A further facelift took place across the A4 and S4 platform in February 1999 as a 1999.5 model; changes were largely cosmetic but affected many components, such as both front and rear bumpers, the front and rear lights, the center console, and door handles. This facelift

2585-537: Was also available. A year later, Audi reintroduced the S4, now powered by a 344 PS (253 kW; 339 bhp) 4.2 L V8 engine , as well as an A4 Cabriolet convertible variant ( Typ 8H ), finally replacing the 80 -based Audi Cabriolet which had been discontinued in 2000. It included an electro-hydraulic operated roof, which lowered in under 30 seconds and incorporated some styling changes, such as body-coloured lower bumper and sill panels, which later found their way to

2640-739: Was capable of 220 PS (162 kW; 217 bhp) and 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) of torque. The 1.9 Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) engine was upgraded to 130 PS (96 kW; 128 bhp), with Pumpe Düse (Unit Injector) (PD) technology, and was now available with quattro permanent four-wheel drive , while the 2.5 V6 TDI high-end model was introduced with 180 PS (132 kW; 178 bhp) and standard quattro. This generation of quattro consisted of default of 50:50 front to rear dynamic torque distribution. A Bosch ESP 5.7 Electronic Stability Programme (ESP) system, with anti-lock braking system (ABS), brake assist , and electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) were standard across

2695-603: Was initially only available on the RS4 but was added a year later on the S4. The remainder of the B7 A4 range still used the T-2 50:50 default dynamic split center diff. A variant, developed by quattro GmbH , was first introduced in May 2005, named "Audi A4 DTM Edition ". It was inspired by Audi's race cars of the 2004 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters and was reintroduced in 2006 as a regular option. The 2.0T FSI engine received revised software mapping to

2750-478: Was known at Audi as a Grosse Produktaufwertung ( Major Product Upgrade ), as was also signified by facelift cars now carrying the denomination "8D 2 ". In 1999 Audi also debuted an even higher performance R enn S port model (rennsport literally translates as racing sport ), the RS4 Avant , like its predecessor RS2 , available only in the Avant bodystyle. The following engines were available: BDV Engine In

2805-409: Was later finalized in 1992, with pilot production commencing in the first half of 1994. Development concluded in the third quarter of 1994, preceding November 1994 start of production. A wide range of engines were available in European markets, between 1.6 and 2.8 litres for petrol engines ; and a 1.9-litre diesel engine available with Volkswagen Group 's VE technology, capable of achieving

SECTION 50

#1732876719963

2860-789: Was not offered with the Multitronic CVT gearbox. The Cabriolet version was produced by Karmann until February 2009. In 2007 Audi introduced a version of the B7 named the 'Special Edition', which built on the S-Line specification and also included the black optics pack, the RS4 style 8J X 18 '7-arm double-spoke' design alloy wheels, Two-tone Graphite/Black Volterra leather, 3-spoke sports leather/Alcantara multi-function steering wheel with gear knob and hand brake handle in Alcantara with silver stitching, ventilated cross-drilled front disc-brakes, black tailpipes and black roof rails (Avant model only). It also had

2915-402: Was now available in two additional versions, with 150 PS (110 kW; 148 bhp) or 180 PS (132 kW; 178 bhp), this one with a standard six-speed manual gearbox , while the naturally aspirated 1.6-litre inline-four engine and 2.8-litre V6 were replaced by 2.0-litre, and all- aluminium alloy 3.0-litre units, still with five valves per cylinder, the most powerful of which

2970-432: Was the first model in the Volkswagen Group to feature the new 1.8-litre 20v engine with five valves per cylinder , based on the unit Audi Sport had developed for their Supertouring race car. A turbocharged 1.8T version produced 150 PS (110 kW; 148 bhp) and 210  N⋅m (155  lb⋅ft ) torque. Moreover, a quattro GmbH special edition of the B5 1.8T was later available in Germany and Europe, for which

3025-478: Was unveiled to the public at the March 2008 Geneva Motor Show . For North America's destined models, the B8 continued in production for the 2016 model year, while Europe began deliveries on the 2016 B9 model. The B8 A4 is built on a variant of the Audi Modular Longitudinal Platform , a platform that is also used in the Audi A5 coupé . While prior A4 chassis were limited in wheelbase due to

#962037