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57-603: Mapei was one of the strongest teams during the late 1990s, and ranked as the strongest UCI team in 1994–2000 and 2002. While started in 1993 (taking the Eldor-Viner team midseason), the Mapei team already became an international top team one year later when it merged with the Spanish Clas-Cajastur for the 1994 season. Clas had been a cycling sponsor since the 1988 Clas-Razesa team, led by José Manuel Fuente Lavandera. Among

114-567: A Santini jersey, successfully defending his world title. It was a period when cyclists began to see significant advantages from using technologically advanced materials. 1993 marked the first year in which Santini became the official technical sponsor of the Giro d’Italia and supplier of the Maglia Rosa, an association that lasted until 2017, with every Maglia Rosa proudly made in Italy. In 1998 Santini became

171-620: A championship or series of championships was required to pay the UCI 30 per cent of ticket receipts from the track and 10 per cent from the road. Of this, the UCI kept 30 per cent and gave the rest to competing nations in proportion to the number of events in which it competed. The highest gate money in this pre-war era was 600 000 francs in Paris in 1903. There were originally five championships: amateur and professional sprint, amateur and professional road race, and professional Motor-paced racing . The road race

228-717: A legal defense fund was set up to assist him. Under approval of the UCI, the Free Rate Downhill Race took place in May 2015 on Crimea , an internationally recognised Ukrainian territory that was annexed by the Russian Federation in March 2014. By officially overseeing an international competition with Russian license on the Ukrainian peninsula, the UCI was the first and only international sports governing body which undermined

285-444: A process to review and allow Russian and Belarusian riders to participant UCI events under Individual neutral athlete. The UCI organises cycling's world championships, administration of which it gives to member nations. The first championships were on the road and on the track. They were allocated originally to member nations in turn, on condition the country was deemed competent and that it could guarantee ticket sales. A nation given

342-443: A row over whether Great Britain should be allowed just one team at the world Championships or separate teams representing England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Britain found itself outflanked, and it was not able to join the UCI – under the conditions the UCI had imposed – until 1903. There were originally 30 countries affiliated to the union. They did not have equal voting power and some had no vote at all. Votes were distributed by

399-544: A season-long competition of elite-level. The UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships for men and women offers individual and team championships in several track cycling disciplines. Each UCI-sponsored event feeds into the season-long competition known as the UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup . In addition, a series of single-day events are held each year to determine the Cyclo-cross World Champion at

456-408: A sport, this led to new partnerships with high profile sponsors that demanded accurate brand representation. New skills and technology which enabled a faster way to produce cycling apparel was fully embraced by Santini to cope with this demand, firmly placing the company at the forefront of the industry. The ‘90s saw the introduction of new highly breathable and windproof membrane technologies. Santini

513-430: Is still nowadays a true icon of cycling recognized by all cycling fans all over the world. In 2007 the team Lampre-Fondital was one of the strongest team in the peloton winning 31 World Tour races. The jersey design, thanks to a combination of flashy blue and pink colours, became quickly famous and it is still nowadays a milestone of cycling. 2015 marked Santini’s fiftieth anniversary. Fifty years of manufacturing some of

570-499: Is the most important international event for boys and girls under 16 years old, the first edition of which took place in 2000. The UCI sponsors world championships for artistic cycling and cycle ball at an annual event known as the UCI Indoor Cycling World Championships . The national federations form confederations by continent : Santini SMS Santini Cycling is a cycling clothes brand of

627-555: Is the world governing body for sports cycling and oversees international competitive cycling events. The UCI is based in Aigle , Switzerland. The UCI issues racing licenses to riders and enforces disciplinary rules, such as in matters of doping . The UCI also manages the classification of races and the points ranking system in various cycling disciplines including road and track cycling , mountain biking , Gravel, and BMX , for both men and women, amateur and professional. It also oversees

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684-615: The Italian clothing production company Santini Maglificio Sportivo. Established in 1965 in Bergamo , Santini was born from Pietro Santini's deep passion for cycling . Proudly made in Italy , each garment is the result of dedicated work by a team of cycling enthusiast designers. Santini Cycling is an icon in the cycling apparel industry, with a history that spans years of dedication to the art of producing technical clothing for cyclists worldwide. Santini's story began in 1965 when Pietro Santini founded

741-468: The Lotto team. In the remainder of the 1990s, Mapei would celebrate many major successes, usually in the one-day classics. The team had the great Belgian and Italian classic specialists of the 1990s such as Johan Museeuw , Michele Bartoli , Andrea Tafi , Franco Ballerini , and had Patrick Lefevere as directeur sportif and then manager. The team won Paris–Roubaix five times. Three times (1996, 1998 and 1999)

798-658: The Olympic Games , and FIAC cyclists competed against FICP members on only rare occasions. In 1992, the UCI reunified the FIAC and FICP, and merged them back into the UCI. The combined organisation then relocated to Aigle, close to the IOC in Lausanne. In 2004, the UCI constructed a 200-metre velodrome at the new World Cycling Centre adjacent to its headquarters. In September 2007 the UCI announced that it had decided to award ProTour status for

855-542: The UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships . In mountain bike racing , the UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships is the most important and prestigious competition each year. This includes the disciplines of cross-country and downhill . In addition, this event consists of world championship events for bike trials riding . In 2012 the first cross-country eliminator world championship

912-714: The UCI Women's WorldTeams , who are invited to all UCI World Tour races. Between 1998 and 2015, the UCI Women's Road World Cup served as a season-long competition of elite-level one-day events. From 2016, the competition was replaced by the UCI Women's World Tour - which includes stage stages as well as one-day events, including many races used in the World Cup. The UCI Track Cycling World Championships for men and women offers individual and team championships in several track cycling disciplines. The UCI Track Cycling World Cup serves as

969-713: The World Championships . After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , the UCI said that Russian and Belarusian teams were forbidden from competing in international events. It also stripped both Russia and Belarus of scheduled events. UCI was founded in 1900 in Paris by the national cycling sports organisations of Belgium, the United States, France, Italy, and Switzerland. It replaced the International Cycling Association (ICA) by setting up in opposition in

1026-643: The territorial integrity of Ukraine. Yet, in the aftermath of this "scandal of sports and international law" the UCI negotiated with the Cycling Federation of Ukraine and, in November 2015, announced to remove the Free Rate Downhill Race officially from the UCI international calendar. Turkmenistan 's authoritarian leader Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow was awarded the highest award of the Union Cycliste Internationale for his country's commitment to

1083-531: The Chain . In 2004 the UCI won the case, and in 2006 won the appeal. Voet had made various claims about UCI and Verbruggen's behavior related to the Laurent Brochard Lidocaine case at the 1997 UCI Road World Championships . In 2006, according to Cycling News, the UCI contacted Greg LeMond after an interview he did in 2006 with L'Equipe , and threatened to sue him for defamation. LeMond mentioned

1140-537: The Clas-riders who joined the Italian Mapei team were Fernando Escartín , Abraham Olano and, most prominently, Swiss top rider Tony Rominger . Other newly signed riders included Franco Ballerini , Gianluca Bortolami , Andrea Tafi and Mauro Gianetti , forming a Spanish-Italian top team with two strong Swiss riders as well. Already in 1995, Clas stopped sponsoring, being replaced by GB. GB had previously sponsored

1197-814: The International Professional Cycling Federation ( Fédération Internationale de Cyclisme Professionnel or FICP). The UCI assumed a role coordinating both bodies. The FIAC was based in Rome , the FICP in Luxembourg, and the UCI in Geneva . The FIAC was the bigger of the two organisations, with 127 member federations across all five continents. It was dominated by the countries of the Eastern Bloc which were amateur. The FIAC arranged representation of cycling at

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1254-555: The Italian MG–Maglificio team, which has had success in the early nineties in part due to a Flemish influence. Along with the new sponsor came team manager Patrick Lefevere and top rider Johan Museeuw , marking the beginning of the Belgian influence of the successful Mapei team in the following years, although the team would always have some strong Spanish riders. Another new rider in 1995 was Frank Vandenbroucke , who joined from

1311-510: The Santini name. Santini also sponsors other significant cycling events like Paris-Roubaix, Liège-Bastogne-Liège, Fleche Wallone, Paris Tour, and important stage races such as Paris-Nice and Criterium du Dauphiné. On these occasions, Santini creates special collections to celebrate the values and importance of these races. In 2021, Santini invested in a new headquarters in the heart of the city of Bergamo . Santini renovated an old factory, creating

1368-661: The UCI Ethics Committee to investigate Pat McQuaid actions after the UCI Licence Commission denied team Katusha a place in the 2013 WorldTour – the action which was promptly reversed. Kimmage had been a racer and had a long history of investigating doping in the sport, including a book and, more recent to the suit, articles for the Sunday Times and L'Equipe which discussed doping and UCI. Greg LeMond, David Walsh and others voiced their support for Kimmage and

1425-666: The UCI World Tour. To expand the participation and popularity of professional road bicycle racing throughout the globe, the UCI develop a series of races collectively known as the UCI Continental Circuits for each region of the world. The UCI organize the Road World Championships (road race first held in 1959, time trial first held in 1994), as well as administer the premier tier UCI Women's World Tour races. The highest level teams in women's road cycling are

1482-630: The UCI administered the UCI Road World Cup , a season-long competition incorporating all the major one-day professional road races. In 2005 this was replaced by the UCI ProTour series which initially included the Grand Tour road cycling stage races (the Tour de France , Giro d'Italia and Vuelta a España ) and a wider range of other one-day and stage races. However, the three Grand Tour races withdrew from

1539-625: The UCI-commissioned Vrijman report, as well as Operacion Puerto , and called the body "corrupt". Another lawsuit was by Hein Verbruggen against WADA Chief Dick Pound in Swiss court regarding his comments about doping and the UCI. The lawsuit was settled by the parties in 2009. In 2011, the UCI sued Floyd Landis in Switzerland after Landis accused the body of several misdeeds, including

1596-463: The aforementioned alleged coverup involving Lance Armstrong and the 2001 Tour de Suisse . In 2012 Cycling News reported that a District Court had ruled for UCI against Landis. In 2012 UCI president Pat McQuaid and former president Hein Verbruggen , as well as the UCI itself, sued journalist Paul Kimmage in Switzerland for defamation . In 2013, the President of Cycling Federation of Russia called

1653-579: The artwork of Piet Mondrian, giving them a unique appearance in the peloton. The design is considered one of the most memorable jersey designs in cycling history. Manufactured by Santini, it is still very popular with cycling fans all over the World. Santini became the official supplier of the UCI World Championship in 1988 and started producing the World Cup jerseys for all the various events. More teams and more races meant greater visibility for cycling as

1710-503: The beginning of the 1980’s the sublimatic printing process was invented and Santini was one of the first producers to introduce it in the world of professional cycling. As cycling teams needed a way to include more sponsor logos on their apparel, the traditional embroidery process proved both time-consuming and impractical. 1984 sees the launch of the Iconic Team La Vie Claire jersey. The team La Vie Claire colours were based on

1767-451: The company began to experiment with innovative materials like Lycra for cycling shorts, gradually replacing the traditional wool with synthetics. An even more significant breakthrough was the introduction of synthetic, anti-bacterial paddings, gradually replacing the traditional chamois. 1977 is the year of the first international cycling team sponsored by Santini, named Peugeot/Esso-Michelin. The beginning of sponsorships Peugeot/Esso-Michelin

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1824-414: The company under the name Santini Maglificio Sportivo. After the initial years, where production was dedicated to general wool garments, the company moved towards sportswear, and cycling apparel, in particular. This happened thanks to Pietro Santini’s deep passion for cycling as a sport and the strong friendship with Felice Gimondi. The 1970s marked a significant shift for Santini Cycling. During this era,

1881-421: The cuffs and collar of their clothing. For decades, professional road cyclists refused to wear helmets . The first serious attempt by the UCI to introduce compulsory helmet use was the 1991 Paris–Nice race, which resulted in a riders' strike, and the UCI abandoned the idea. After the death of Andrei Kivilev in the 2003 Paris–Nice, new rules were introduced on 5 May 2003, with the 2003 Giro d'Italia being

1938-528: The first major race affected. The 2003 rules allowed for discarding the helmets during final climbs of at least 5 kilometres in length; subsequent revisions made helmet use mandatory at all times. The UCI was accused of accepting a bribe in the 1990s to introduce the keirin , a track cycling race, into the Olympics. An investigation by the BBC claims that the UCI was paid approximately $ 3,000,000 by Japanese sources to add

1995-467: The first sport to introduce the test for EPO". The UCI has sued or threatened to sue several cyclists, journalists, and writers for defamation after they accused it of corruption or other misdeeds related to doping. Many, though not all, of these suits are heard in the Est Vaudois district court of Vevey , Switzerland In 2002 UCI sued Festina soigneur Willy Voet over claims in his book Breaking

2052-654: The first time ever to an event outside of Europe; the Tour Down Under in Adelaide, Australia. The announcement followed negotiations between UCI President Pat McQuaid and South Australian Premier Mike Rann . In 2013 Tracey Gaudry became the first woman appointed as vice president of the UCI. After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , the UCI said that Russian and Belarusian teams are forbidden from competing in international events. It also stripped both Russia and Belarus of scheduled events. In 3 May 2023, UIC approved

2109-432: The greatest Italian sportsmen that ever lived. The collaboration with Australian cycling began in 2000 and continues to this day. Santini devoted considerable resources to research and development of advanced fabrics and manufacturing technologies to create high-performance cycling apparel. In 2002 Santini became technical clothing partner of the iconic Mapei-Quickstep team. The design of the jersey became legendary, and it

2166-592: The introduction of apparel that could provide protection in adverse weather conditions. One result of this research was the introduction of anti-abrasion Impact shorts, used by the Trek-Segafredo team at the Tour de France. These shorts represented a significant leap in cycling apparel innovation. 2019 saw Santini partner with the Ironman Group, the world’s leading triathlon and multi-sport series organization. Santini became

2223-463: The mountains. The team never played a major role in the Tour de France . From 2003 Mapei dropped their sponsorship, and a new team was built on top of the old with the name of Quick-Step–Davitamon . The official names of the team changed with the cosponsors several times. The team has run under the following names: Mapei (1993) Mapei–Clas (1994), Mapei–GB (1995–1997), Mapei–Bricobi (1998), Mapei–Quickstep (1999–2002). The Mapei team jersey

2280-617: The number of tracks, or velodromes , that each nation claimed. France had 18 votes, the highest number, and Germany and Italy 14 each. Britain had eight, a number the writer Bill Mills said was acquired "by including many rather doubtful grass tracks." In 1965, under the pressure of the IOC , when the Olympics was an amateur event, the UCI created two subsidiary bodies, the International Amateur Cycling Federation ( Fédération Internationale Amateur de Cyclisme or FIAC) and

2337-448: The official supplier of all technical apparel to all Ironman events; plus, in collaboration developed a series of co-branded capsule collections showcasing some of the worlds most advanced triathlon apparel. In 2021, Santini Cycling established a prestigious partnership with the Tour de France and the Tour de France Femmes avec Zwift. As part of this collaboration, the jerseys worn by classification leaders in these iconic races proudly bear

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2394-481: The official supplier to the Mercatone-Uno team. Marco Pantani would achieve greatness by winning both the Giro and Tour back-to-back that year becoming the first Italian rider to win the Tour since the great Felice Gimondi. The years when Pantani raced for Mercatone-Uno generated a huge level of national sporting pride, pushing Italian bike racing to the forefront of the world stage again, cementing his place as one of

2451-618: The one-day world championships for BMX racing (bicycle motocross) cycling. Unlike other types of cycling disciplines, trials is a sport where the main factors are the stability and the control of the bike in extreme situations where speed also plays an important role. The first UCI Trials World Championships took place in 1986. Fourteen years later, in 2000, the UCI Trials World Cup made its debut. The most World Champions titles have been won by riders from Belgium, France, Germany, Spain and Switzerland. The UCI Trials World Youth Games

2508-495: The race to the Olympic programme, something denied by the UCI. When Floyd Landis confessed to using performance-enhancing drugs throughout his career in May 2010, he alleged that the UCI had accepted a bribe from Lance Armstrong to cover up an EPO positive after the 2001 Tour de Suisse. Discussing doping in 2012, UCI president Pat McQuaid emphasised the fact that his organisation was "the first entity to introduce blood tests,

2565-416: The race with over four minutes ahead of his two teammates Tafi and Wilfried Peeters . and in 1999 Tafi won with an advantage of two minutes over teammates Peeters and Tom Steels . In the summer of 2000, Lefevre announced that the Belgian part of the Mapei team would be leaving the team to form a new team called Domo–Farm Frites which had Museeuw as team captain. As a result, there was a great rivalry between

2622-511: The series, and in July 2008 all the major professional teams threatened to quit the series, putting its future in doubt. The ProTour was replaced as a ranking system the following year by the UCI World Ranking , which added the three Grand Tours , two early season stage races, and five more one-day classics to the 14 remaining ProTour events. The World Ranking and ProTour merged in 2011, becoming

2679-482: The sort that affected Graeme Obree in the 1990s and the banning in 2000 of all frames that did not have a seat tube. The winner of a UCI World Championship title is awarded a rainbow jersey , white with five coloured bands on the chest. This jersey can be worn in only the discipline, specialty and category of competition in which it was awarded, and expires on the day before the following world championship event. Former champions are permitted to wear rainbow piping on

2736-563: The sport. The UCI organize the Road World Championships (road race first held in 1921, time trial first held in 1994), as well as administer the premier tier UCI World Tour and second tier UCI ProSeries races. The highest level teams in men's road cycling are the UCI WorldTeam , who are obliged to take part in all UCI World Tour races. On top of having organized the Road World Championships since 1921, from 1989 until 2004,

2793-447: The team even won the first three places. In the 1996 edition, the sprint for the line was decided 15 km from the finish. Directeur sportif Patrick Lefevere, who was following the race in the team car, talked with the owner of Mapei, Giorgio Squinzi (in Milan), who said that Museeuw was to win the race. Gianluca Bortolami was second while Andrea Tafi was third. In 1998 Franco Ballerini won

2850-441: The track: unpaced, human-paced and mechanically paced. They were promoted for three classes of bicycle: solos, tandems and unusual machines such as what are now known as recumbents, on which the rider lies horizontal. Distances were imperial and metric, from 440 yards and 500 metres to 24 hours. The UCI banned recumbents in competitions and in record attempts on 1 April 1934. Later changes included restrictions on riding positions of

2907-480: The two teams. Mapei was less dominating in the Grand Tours . The only true stage race specialist was Tony Rominger , who won the 1994 Vuelta a España and the 1995 Giro d'Italia for the team. As Rominger focused on the Tour de France in 1996, Abraham Olano was given the leadership role at the Giro d'Italia in 1996. Olano took the maglia rosa but lost it in the mountains and during the Tour, Rominger lost time in

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2964-590: The world’s most famous cycling jerseys; with a heritage bounded undeniably to the very history of the sport of road racing. This authenticity and proud legacy led the company this same year to become the official clothing partner of Eroica, the international, world famous vintage cycling event. This collaboration saw Santini reprising original production methods to design an entire line of vintage replica wool cycling garments; some of which were based on precise items manufactured decades before. Successful collaborations with high-profile cycling teams like Trek-Segafredo led to

3021-506: Was first produced by Parentini and featured numerous colourful cubes from the main sponsor's product packaging. In the team's second year, Sportful (owned by Manifattura Valcismon S.p.A.) provided all technical garments from 1994 until the penultimate year, when Santini SMS took over in the final year. Union Cycliste Internationale The Union Cycliste Internationale ( French pronunciation: [ynjɔ̃ siklist ɛ̃tɛʁnɑsjɔnal] ; UCI ; English: International Cycling Union )

3078-703: Was held in Saalfelden. The UCI Mountain Bike World Cup is a series of races, held annually since 1991. At the 2011 World Championships held in Champéry, Switzerland the UCI announced a controversial new sponsorship deal with the previously unheard of RockyRoads Network. The season-long competition is known as the UCI BMX Supercross World Cup and the UCI BMX World Championships serves as

3135-410: Was the first real international team sponsorship for Santini and was a huge leap forward for the company in terms of distribution and brand visibility. Another important invention was the introduction of the use of Polyamide in the manufacture of jerseys to increase their aerodynamic effect. And in 1979 Santini started producing coloured shorts: before that time this garment was traditionally black. At

3192-530: Was the first to introduce Gore Windstopper fabrics into cycle clothing. The soft-shell Windstopper fabric was ideally suited to cycling, providing a rider with a highly breathable and stretchable fabric, offering wind protection, warmth and thanks to a DWR coating, a high level of water resistance too. 1992 saw Italian cyclist Gianni Bugno triumph at the World Road Championships in Benidorm, Spain, wearing

3249-508: Was traditionally a massed start but did not have to be: Britain organised its road championship before the war as a time trial, the National Cyclists Union believing it best to run races against the clock, and without publicity before the start, to avoid police attention. Continental European organisers generally preferred massed races on circuits, fenced throughout or along the finish to charge for entry. The original records were on

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