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69-468: The Bulletin is a community newspaper and places a heavy emphasis on local news. Like many community newspapers, the Bulletin does not report national or wire service news on its front page. However, the Bulletin will often localize national news if the story has a local impact, or to get local perspective. Non-local news is typically relegated to the inside pages and is often limited in scope. To promote

138-470: A Zogby International survey, 70% of Americans say journalism is important to maintaining community quality of life, and 67% say the traditional media are out of touch with what citizens want from their news. One more Journalist community was developed by Team Media services (TMS), Hyderabad (India) based Telug News Agency by name "Crime Reporter's Community" Community blogs also provide a service to organizations that encourage civic engagement . It give them

207-511: A birds-eye-view of the happenings of the communities they affect without interjecting themselves into any one community. According to the "State of the News Media: An Annual Report on American Journalism", nearly half of all American adults (47%) report that they get at least some local news and information on their cell phone or tablet computer. They are interested in obtaining news that is practical and in real time and fall under

276-507: A breeding place for ideas and opinions. At their best, community newspapers affirm a sense of community through their publications. It emphasizes connectedness and "us-ness." It's covering school plays across four columns with pictures of the students large enough to see their faces. It's showing the community members that they, as individuals, matter. Through a qualitative and quantitative content analysis of scholarship on community and news media, community news media should (a) facilitate

345-705: A business, in school, on a job or with the government then perhaps they should have thought twice about coming to the United States." The newspaper competes locally with the Modesto Bee and The Record . Other publications available in the area include the San Francisco Chronicle , East Bay Times , the New York Times , USA Today , the Wall Street Journal , and Barron's . 209 Multimedia,

414-461: A commitment earlier to develop a specifically described hyperlocal focus, in work of Rob Curley , who, by the description of journalist Carl Lavin , had worked earlier to increase page views at websites in other locales (Lawrence and Naples are mentioned). Curley has been called a "hyperlocal guru" for his previous work. The first Curley-led effort for WashingtonPost.com focused on Loudoun County , which Lavin describes as "diverse and spread across

483-588: A complete listing of churches (including 360-degree inside views and recordings of sermons ), and police blotter information updated every day. Formerly a subsidiary of AOL, Patch Media runs a large U.S.-based hyperlocal network of sites that includes news and other such features and aspects. The concept as applied to news, readily adopted in the Web 2.0 explosion of startup web-based news efforts, has subsequently gone through practical iterations with regard to its business application, as it has moved to refine its itself via

552-462: A council chamber or a cul-de-sac." Known as the Public Life Team, they meet with panels of citizens regularly to "tap their thoughts and dreams for the regions' future." Additionally, they have changed the perception of criminal sentencing from a polarized issue to one that rehabilitation advocates were in favor of. Finally, they opened a line of communication between various community members for

621-742: A feature allowing users to mark a post as sold (and later that year introduced C2C payments). Many believe these steps as precursors to an imminent launch of Facebook Classifieds and Marketplace, most likely rolled into one. While many traditional print publications are shutting down or publish exclusively online, local newspapers in small towns can still make a profit. In the United States, national companies that mail full-color glossy hyperlocal magazines to targeted neighborhoods include N2 Publishing and Best Version Media . Comparing themselves to Facebook, they publish mostly user-generated content written by local residents and homeowners associations. The most recent incarnation of hyperlocal content grew out

690-407: A fraction of topics sought after. In other words, citizens have not reached the point where they use mobile devices as a primary source to acquire community journalism-related subjects. Community newspapers throw most of their weight behind supplying local coverage and making national and international news stories relate by finding a significant local angle. They embrace their civil role by promoting

759-496: A group of communities. Community journalism got its name from a Montana editor, Ken Byerly, early in his tenure as a professor of journalism at UNC-Chapel Hill in 1957-71. Although the term is relatively new, community journalism has been around since the founding fathers. He used the term as a new name for a course that had been titled "Editing the Country Weekly" because it didn't fit the suburban newspapers that had developed in

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828-516: A key part of the hyperlocal ecology. Their basic roles evident in the space include individual blogs, blog networks, and aggregators. Some others initiatives are made for this purpose in the US by the company Marchex, and in France by the network ProXiti. They are developing networks of thousands hyperlocal news sites like www.10282.net (Manhattan 212) or www.75016.info (paris 16eme arrondissement). In response to

897-664: A large-scale water project that was the forerunner to today's South San Joaquin Irrigation District , two men named F.L. Wurster and A.L. Cowell joined forces to print the Irrigation Bulletin in November 1908. Originally printed in Stockton, California , the Bulletin was essentially a series of flyers distributed statewide promoting the irrigation of 70,000 acres (280 km) of sandy loam soil around Manteca. With help from

966-452: A lawyer. In each case the combination of mobile device, GPS and the Internet changed the manner in which consumption of information, services or goods took place. For large corporations, successfully targeting local populations can involve either shedding or leveraging corporate identity: While there are various ways in which hyperlocal content is being created and published, blogs have become

1035-402: A leadership role. If you want more of a definition, I'm afraid it's like when someone asked Louie Armstrong for a definition of jazz. The great Satchmo is reputed to have replied something like this: 'Man, if you have to ask, it won't do me any good to try to explain.' You know community journalism when you see it; it is the heartbeat of American journalism, journalism in its natural state." In

1104-557: A resident". More recently, the term hyperlocal has applied to uses of GPS technologies in the function of mobile device applications. The term may have originated in 1921 in a small U.S. newspaper, in a description of trends in Central American national politics, reemerging perhaps with the 1989 The Washington Post description as "so-called hyperlocal", the aim for "tiny markets of 50,000 or less" by television cable news. The concept as applied to news, readily adopted in

1173-619: A small Ohio newspaper. Later in 20th century, it appeared in The Washington Post , being defined in 1989 in terms of "tiny markets of 50,000 or less" for television cable news, where the term hyperlocal was preceded by "so-called". The term appeared as "hyper-local" in a March 11, 1991 reference to viewer-tailoring of cable news content of a station in the Washington, D.C. area to give it slants, via "shorter [additional] news reports", that would make it attractive to viewers not just of

1242-520: A vast area", and so "hyper local [sic.] only in contrast to the huge reach of the mother paper". Beginning in mid-year 2007 as "LoudounExtra.WashingtonPost.com", it included "all of... Loudoun County news from The Washington Post and the twice-weekly Loudoun Extra" as well as "the latest police reports, weather reports, [and] community news... throughout the day," and "feature news updates exclusive to LoudounExtra.com". It underwent rebranding to LoudenExtra.com, which between these dates, redirected to

1311-519: A very limited area—e.g., school board meetings, neighborhood restaurants , meetings of community groups , and garage sales can receive prominent coverage. Specific examples include Forumhome.org , which focuses on issues likely of interest only to the few thousand residents of the small New Hampshire towns it serves, and Rheebo.com , a hyperlocal website that builds communities around things people are passionate about. Hyperlocal sites may also emphasize particular subsets of issues; for instance,

1380-405: A well-defined community with its primary focus directed toward the concerns of the population in that community". The term can also be used as a noun in isolation, where its been described as referring to "the emergent ecology of data (including textual content), aggregators, publication mechanism and user interactions and behaviors which centre on a resident of a location and the business of being

1449-430: Is because community journalism is on a scale on which data is shown simply in order of magnitude since there is no standard of measurement of differences. In addition, numerous studies in this analysis suggest that any scale measure of community journalism should accommodate the impact of the community's power structure on news decisions and should address the need for inclusion of less powerful voices. One way to measure

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1518-533: Is more important to our readers than a war in Europe." An increasing number of community newspapers are now owned by large media organizations, although many rural papers are still " mom and pop " operations. Most community journalists are professionally trained reporters and editors. Some specialized training programs in community journalism have recently emerged at established undergraduate and graduate journalism programs. Community journalism should not be confused with

1587-475: Is perhaps the United Kingdom's oldest community newspaper. There is a growing number of community blogs coming to the surface. These local bloggers and community members (many who have no journalism background) join together to write about and advocate for their community in an online forum. These blogs serve as watchdogs to hold the public and other media outlets accountable for their actions. According to

1656-539: Is relevant to specific individuals at very small time scales. Hyperlocal GPS mobile apps, in particular, change the nature of human interaction with their environment by providing a much faster, richer and relevant source of information. The mobile Internet data connection available to hyperlocal apps allows GPS location data to be fused with Internet data to improve the decision process of the user. Examples of these types of hyperlocal content providers are Google Maps, Foursquare and LaunchLawyer. In contrast to printed maps,

1725-407: Is suggested that news media outlets do not choose to either practice community journalism exclusively or disregard it. Rather, media outlets generally engage in some degree of community journalism, as measured by the types of practices they follow and the intensity with which they follow them. A summated scale of multiple ordinal-level items would be an appropriate measure of community journalism. This

1794-454: Is the stubborn resistance to change and a compulsion to shape the system to maintain community standards. Loyalty to a community is the inevitable price of acceptance, and the fee is creating sharp conflicts with allegiance to the truth. Through community journalism, attitudes about necessary information change from the need for a broad range of information (pluralism) to a reliance on information necessary to maintain community values and fortify

1863-644: The Bulletin to Charles Morris and his family-owned Morris Multimedia . Morris sold its California division to 209 Multimedia in 2020. The Bulletin has been accused of plagiarism in the past. In response to outcries over plagiarism in the newspaper's opinion pages, the Bulletin published an editorial acknowledging the problem in 2009. The newspaper's editorials are characterized by a conservative stance on immigration and social issues. For example, Managing Editor Dennis Wyatt wrote that if immigrants "preferred their lives in whatever country they heralded where they weren't required to speak English to communicate in

1932-579: The District of Columbia but also to additional viewers in suburban Maryland and Northern Virginia. By 1993, the term was appearing in academic volumes regarding the media industry, again in reference to the delivery of cable news content. In a report from the British charitable organisation, Nesta , it was defined as "online news or content services pertaining to a town, village, single postcode or other small, geographically defined community". As of 2024,

2001-650: The Escalon Times , Lathrop Sun and Ripon Record . The Bulletin changed its name to the Manteca Bulletin on November 6, 1914, and merged on March 22, 1918, with the Manteca Enterprise , which had been founded November 1, 1911. In 1923, George Murphy Sr. partnered with Louis Meyer to purchase the Manteca Bulletin . This began 50 years of ownership by the Murphy family; on April 1, 1972, when George Murphy Jr. sold

2070-449: The Web 2.0 explosion of startup web-based news efforts, has subsequently gone through practical iterations with regard to its business application, as it has moved to refine its itself via the focus and aims of each enterprise (from competing in search space, to social networking, to news reporting). "Hyperlocal" may have first appeared in 1921 in the adjectival description of a trend in the politics of some Central American nations, in

2139-434: The 1950s. He chose community journalism because it fit both the weeklies and small dailies of the day. Not everyone agrees on the principles or practices of community journalism. Traditionally, journalists advocate avoiding any real or perceived conflict of interests, which can be anything from refraining from joining community groups, to not pledging money to a candidate they support. Community journalism, however, encourages

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2208-458: The Answer?" sees community journalism as a natural outgrowth from concerns of the media's slippage in credibility and influence. The International Society of Weekly Newspaper Editors, which has 260 members in seven countries (U.S., Canada, U.K., Ireland, Japan, Australia, New Zealand), encourages and promotes independent editorial comment, news content, and leadership in community newspapers throughout

2277-502: The Hall Place neighborhood. "The Pilot got black and white residents to talk freely about the plan." Without the assistance of the Pilot, the community would not have come to the conclusion that it "ought to be what was good for the city as a whole." This publication in particular has paved way for other community journalists, mainly due to its experimental nature and eagerness to give reporters

2346-636: The Knight Foundation to conduct a national survey from January 12–25, 2011. They polled 2,251 adults over the age of 18 in both English and Spanish to "explore the role that cell phones and tablet computers play in people's patterns of consuming and contributing to community information. 84% of adult Americans own a cell phone and 47% of that population access local news and information on mobile devices, as it serves an immediate need. However, those polled stated that topics like crime, community events, schools and education, and politics and cultural events are

2415-684: The South San Joaquin Chamber of Commerce, the Bulletin expanded into a standard-size weekly newspaper on June 3, 1910, when it was moved from Stockton to Ripon . The paper continued to promote the South San Joaquin Irrigation District, which was founded in 1909, and carried news of the district's bond sales to investors throughout California. Water began flowing in 1915 and the South County's population boomed. Several newspapers arose to serve this community, among them

2484-400: The United States, about 97% of newspapers are classified as "community" newspapers, with circulations below 50,000. Others in the field say the circulation limit should be 30,000. However, in her book Saving Community Journalism , Penny Abernathy argues that most newspapers under 100,000 should consider themselves community newspapers because their reason for being is service to a community or

2553-601: The Voices section of WashingtonPost.com (and now no longer functions). Rob Curly is quoted as saying, "Knocked down mailboxes will be newsworthy... What we're doing is taking the local and treating it like it's the superstar". WashingtonPost.com had high hopes for its hyperlocal effort, with managing editor Jim Brady saying, "It's a big effort... When you take our daily traffic and combine it with Rob Curley's expertise—if it can't work here, it can't work anywhere". Other journalists, not surprisingly, expressed skepticism regarding

2622-482: The a company reexamined its strategy. Sure, hyperlocal content sounded great – everyone wants to know what's happening around them – but the flawed business model couldn't sustain it. Not enough big advertisers were targeting local markets. Another model for a national company running hyperlocal sites is franchising , such as was being done by 2010 startup Main Street Connect . The Washington Post Company made

2691-456: The adjective was being defined by Merriam-Wester as "limited to a very small geographical area", and by the OED as describe anything "[e]xtremely or excessively local", in particular with regard to media output (web, television, etc.) focused on such narrow populations. Hyperlocal content has two major dimensions: geography and time. The dimensions are measures of the relevance or value perceived by

2760-531: The burgeoning number of hyperlocal news sites in New Jersey, The Citizens Campaign founded the Hyperlocal News Association (HNA). The HNA works to foster and encourage growth of new hyperlocal sites across the state. Hyperlocal marketing is marketing for businesses focused on geographies such as neighborhoods, towns, streets, and spots located near well-known landmarks, e.g., a hyperlocal search for

2829-466: The combination of satellite based location services and advanced wireless data built into mobile devices. Satellite-based location services allow a high degree of physical location precision. When combined with a mobile device's access to the vast set of Internet data and services, hyperlocal takes on new dimensions. Realtime internet awareness of an individual's precise location in time allows people and entities to consume or deliver hyperlocal content that

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2898-514: The concepts of the sharing economy or collaborative consumption , allowing peer communities to share human or physical assets. Examples include Yelp , Airbnb , TaskRabbit , eBay , Craigslist and Krrb . Many of the best-known hyperlocal news sites have sprung up independently, with the battle cry "local doesn't scale," but larger media companies have been interested in the concept as well. Some hyperlocal sites included detailed searchable community events calendars and restaurant information,

2967-433: The content consumer in time and space. The higher the content scores on these dimensions the more relevant the content becomes to the individual and the less it becomes to the masses. Hyperlocal content is targeted at or consumed by people or entities that are located within a well defined area, generally on the scale of a street, neighborhood, community or city. Hyperlocal content must also be relevant in time. The nature of

3036-405: The coverage of news that hits close to home, even for the journalist covering the story. Some philosophers encourage professional journalists to remain independent, whereas others insist on committing to local and generalized communities as a prerequisite for true citizenship. Some say community involvement is fine for editors and publishers, but not for the reporters who have the ability to "shape"

3105-500: The degree to which news outlets reveal community structure is the following list: Media outlet content provides Hyperlocal Hyperlocal (also reckoned Hyper-local ) is an adjective used to describe something as being "limited to a very small geographical area", and in particular, to anything "[e]xtremely or excessively local", in particular with regard to media output aimed at such narrowly focused populations. It has otherwise been described as "information oriented around

3174-743: The demographic of higher socioeconomic status, younger, newer residents, reside in non-rural areas, and parent minor children. Mobile news is important because participants "feel they can have an impact on their communities, more likely to use a variety of media platforms, feel more plugged into the media environment than they did a few years ago, and are more likely to use social media." Citizens can not only read news from their local community, with tablets and smart phones, they can also share and post links to stories, comment, or contribute themselves. The Pew Research Center's Project for Excellence in Journalism and Internet & American Life Project partnered with

3243-535: The effect they have on local readers. Community newspapers , often but not always publish weekly , and also tend to cover subjects larger news media do not. Some examples of topics are students on the honor roll at the local high school, school sports, crimes such as vandalism, zoning issues and other details of community life. However, such " hyperlocal " articles are sometimes dismissed as "chicken dinner" stories. Leo Lerner , founder of Chicago 's erstwhile Lerner Newspapers , used to say, "A fistfight on Clark Street

3312-587: The evolution of hyperlocal content follows these two dimensions. By combining the two dimensions we can identify types of hyperlocal content throughout history. In the distant past, hyperlocal content was low on the geographic dimension, meaning that the content met only broad needs of larger populations across bigger areas, and also low on the time dimension: relevance was perceived over long timescales. Examples include almanacs, town criers and written postings or other similar forms of infrequent content delivery mechanisms. More recent hyperlocal content scores higher on

3381-978: The firm which publishes the Bulletin , also publishes 209 Magazine , a bimonthly regional magazine, the semiweekly Turlock Journal , and the weekly newspapers of the Ceres Courier , the Escalon Times , the Gustine Press Standard , the Oakdale Leader , the Riverbank News , and the West Side Index of Newman . Community journalism Community journalism is locally-oriented, professional news coverage that typically focuses on city neighborhoods, individual suburbs or small towns, rather than metropolitan, state, national or world news. If it covers wider topics, community journalism concentrates on

3450-527: The focus and aims of each enterprise (from competing in search space, to social networking, to news reporting). Regarding the Patch.com case, according to Tom Kaneshige's March 2015 article in CIO magazine, Legions of underserved local advertisers were supposed to flock to Patch sites, leaving national publishers in the collective dust. ... Of course, this wasn't how it played out. Scores of Patch sites were left inactive as

3519-591: The former award-winning NewWest.net site—that covered events of the Rocky Mountain West [of the United States] through ca. August 2011 —including through the use of freelancers and citizen contributors, stated that it sought to be "a network of online communities... aim[ing] to serve as a nexus of dialogue and a smart guide to the news and issues..." including with regard to "culture, economy, politics, [and] environment"... around "common interests and hopes for

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3588-400: The four perspectives, and summary reports on the opposing viewpoint. The newspaper was received well, and, as a result, roughly 700 community members took part in the reader roundtables. The Virginian Pilot is a second example of a community newspaper. This publication sought to "show how the community works or could work" and to "portray democracy in the fullest sense of the word, whether in

3657-403: The general welfare of the community. The finest community newspapers recognize and accept this covenant with their towns: that they are key stakeholders and players in the forces that help build and celebrate their communities. Community journalism is a serious effort to return to the reputation journalism once had, and to restore the role of the press to its original purpose—that is, to serve as

3726-502: The geographic and the time dimensions. They are capable of delivering content that is relevant not just in a community but relevant right down to the individual within a geographic area that can be measured in meters and blocks not towns and neighborhoods. They are also capable of delivering content relevant at very short timescales such as seconds or minutes not just days or weeks. Hyperlocal websites can focus on very specialized topics—i.e., stories and issues of interest only to people in

3795-484: The geographic and time dimensions because it delivers more diverse content that targets geographic areas and remains relevant at much smaller time scales such as days and weeks not months and years. Recent examples of hyperlocal delivery mechanisms include neighborhood focused news sources, neighborhood voucher packs and neighborhood websites. More recently, hyperlocal content has evolved to include GPS enabled internet integrated mobile applications which score highly on both

3864-513: The hyperlocal movement's focus on the often mundane information of daily life. Hyperlocal "has the potential to trivialize a media organization's brand and further saturate news sites with myopic local (and frequently unedited) content, perhaps at the expense of foreign and national reporting", stated Donna Shaw in the American Journalism Review . And as Jonathan Weber, founder of NewWest.net, noted (regarding Backfence.com 's closing),

3933-466: The lack of an appropriate content or business focus, suited to its market, can also contribute to a hyperlocally directed enterprise to fail. Even so, as BBC's Van Klaveren has concluded, journalistic organizations might profit by embracing both so-called "big-J" journalism and the hyperlocal, saying "We need to move beyond news to information". As of 2017, it was noted in a case study that the information available on social media sites in practice spanned

4002-502: The leading site which specializes in events only. This user behavior suggests that an effective hyperlocal distribution is a more important consideration for users than the superior quality of the content itself. Since 2010, evidence shows that social networking sites have been mobilizing to aid and leverage this user behavior: Google acquired Zagat in 2011, and Facebook has been adding new features (e.g. Blogs, Events) since 2012 to create varied hyperlocal content, and announced in 2015

4071-499: The mobile Google Maps app allows users to identify places and interests around their current GPS location. In contrast to rating services or directories, the mobile Foursquare app uses GPS location data to enable users to make more informed choices and receive better deals. In contrast to printed or online lawyer directories, the GPS-enabled LaunchLawyer mobile app combines GPS awareness with the ability to almost instantly get

4140-478: The news. Critics say this involvement is a risk for anyone involved in producing the news. Clifford Christians, co-author of Good News Social Ethics and the Press, urges journalists to realize that their publics may gravitate toward self-interest, and therefore the journalists should report stories that lessen the isolationism that comes from reading wider, world-based stories. A fundamental flaw in community journalism

4209-571: The opportunity to brainstorm ideas together. Overall, the Pilot wants to improve the tone of public discourse in the Virginian community. Fitzrovia News is an example from a central London neighbourhood. Residents and volunteers produce a quarterly printed newspaper delivered free to all residential addresses and local businesses in the district of Fitzrovia . The paper which also has a website and social media network covers issues of concern to residents and small businesses. Originally called The Tower it

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4278-456: The primary distribution done by the content hosting site itself (e.g. Craigslist). In recent years there has been a shift in user behavior to use social networking sites for both creating and sharing hyperlocal content. Examples include WhatsApp being increasingly used for communication and organization, and eCommerce, despite having no specific feature support for these activities. Facebook.com hosts sixty-fold more events than eVite.com,

4347-408: The process of negotiating and making meaning about community and (b) reveal or ensure understanding of community structure. Community journalism would ideally reveal, or make individuals aware of, spaces, institutions, resources, events, and ideas that may be shared, and encourage such sharing. The practice should also facilitate the process of negotiating and making meaning about a community . It

4416-663: The public on the different perspectives on education: This newspaper, as with many community journalism publications, has sole control over editorial content. The content itself is very important and relevant to Maine communities and revolves around "core value" choices, as determined by the community. The community journalist reporters were required to give readers a background on each perspective and to "write an expository rather than conventional he-said/she-said style." The publication ran more than 100 inches of factual reporting on education in Maine, as well as op-ed pieces promoting one of

4485-433: The range from hyperlocal, through to global. When hosting hyperlocal content, social networking sites also extensively distribute the continuum of content, hyperlocal to global, as hosted on other sites. This arises because of the contemporary nature of digital sharing and the predominantly local composition of user's network in which content is shared. This type of distribution is secondary (done by users) in contrast to

4554-522: The region as it wrestles with growth and change", thus identifying the tension between economic development and environmental concerns as an emphasis. Further text ascribed to NewWest.net states that its "core mission is to serve the Rockies with innovative, participatory journalism and to promote conversation that help us understand and make the most of the dramatic changes sweeping our region". In recent years hyperlocal websites have been created to enable

4623-407: The status quo (reinforcement). Sooner or later group importance could transcend the value of distributing accurate information both internally to members of the group, and externally about the community or group. Others think the switch toward community journalism is a natural reaction to our out-of-touch mega media. J. Herbert Altschull , writer of "A Crisis of Conscience: Is Community Journalism

4692-466: The work of citizen journalists, who are often unpaid amateurs, or with civic journalism , although many community newspapers practice that. At the "Emerging Mind of Community Journalism" conference in Anniston, Ala., in 2006, participants created a list characterizing community journalism: community journalism is intimate, caring, and personal; it reflects the community and tells its stories; and it embraces

4761-448: The world. Its purpose is to help those involved in the community press improve standards of editorial writing and news reporting and to encourage strong, independent editorial voices. A publication devoted solely to state education reform was created by Maine Sunday Telegram/ Portland Press Herald Editor, Lou Ureneck and Maine Council of Churches, Sarah Campbell. Their primary objective was to create study circles to dispense information to

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