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27-646: Mansourasaurus (" Mansoura lizard ") is a genus of herbivorous lithostrotian sauropod dinosaur from the Quseir Formation of Egypt . The type and only species is Mansourasaurus shahinae . The discovery of Mansourasaurus was considered quite significant by paleontologists , because very few Late Cretaceous sauropod remains have been found in Africa, where the rocky strata that preserve remains elsewhere and produce rich fossil beds were typically not found exposed at or near ground level. Hesham Sallam ,

54-399: A foramen in the rear side. In at least one anterior middle neck vertebra the parapophysis, the process which bears the facet for the lower rib head, has a horizontal length equal to the vertebral centrum as a whole. With some anterior neck vertebrae, the bone web between the heads of the neck rib is pierced by a foramen. The lower end of the radius has a transverse width four times larger than

81-408: A fragment of the skull roof, a part of the lower braincase , the dentaries of the lower jaws, three neck vertebrae, two back vertebrae, eight ribs, the right scapula, the right coracoid , both humeri, a radius, a third metacarpal , three metatarsals , and parts of osteoderms . The skeleton was found on a surface of four by three metres. It was not articulated. The authors concluded that the holotype

108-745: A paleontologist at Mansoura University , together with a team of students discovered a sauropod skeleton in the Dakhla Oasis in Egypt's Western Desert. In 2016, it was reported that over thirty dinosaur specimens had been excavated, among them titanosaurian sauropods. Based on this skeleton, the type species Mansourasaurus shahinae was named and described in January 2018, by Hesham M. Sallam, Eric Gorscak, Patrick M. O'Connor, Iman A. El-Dawoudi, Sanaa El-Sayed, Sara Saber, Mahmoud A. Kora, Joseph J. W. Sertich, Erik R. Seiffert and Matthew C. Lamanna. The generic name refers to

135-679: A variety of enantiornithe and ornithurine forms. Early Neornithes such as Vegavis co-existed with forms as bizarre as Yungavolucris and Avisaurus . Though mostly small, marine Hesperornithes became relatively large and flightless, adapted to life in the open sea. Though primarily represented by azhdarchids , other forms like pteranodontids , tapejarids ( Caiuajara and Bakonydraco ), nyctosaurids and uncertain forms ( Piksi , Navajodactylus ) are also present. Historically, it has been assumed that pterosaurs were in decline due to competition with birds, but it appears that neither group overlapped significantly ecologically, nor

162-600: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Late Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma ) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale . Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series . The Cretaceous is named after creta , the Latin word for the white limestone known as chalk . The chalk of northern France and

189-458: Is a juvenile specimen, because the bones of its shoulder girdle had not yet fused. An ulna , specimen MUVP 201, found at twenty metres distance from the skeleton, was not referred to the species as it seemed somewhat too large for the holotype individual and a general connection to the species could not be proven. The not fully-grown holotype individual was about 8–10 metres (26–33 ft) long. It probably weighed about 5,000 kg, approximately

216-474: Is it particularly evident that a true systematic decline was ever in place, especially with the discovery of smaller pterosaur species. Several old mammal groups began to disappear, with the last eutriconodonts occurring in the Campanian of North America . In the northern hemisphere, cimolodont , multituberculates , metatherians and eutherians were the dominant mammals, with the former two groups being

243-590: The white cliffs of south-eastern England date from the Cretaceous Period. During the Late Cretaceous, the climate was warmer than present, although throughout the period a cooling trend is evident. The tropics became restricted to equatorial regions and northern latitudes experienced markedly more seasonal climatic conditions. Due to plate tectonics , the Americas were gradually moving westward, causing

270-565: The Atlantic Ocean to expand. The Western Interior Seaway divided North America into eastern and western halves; Appalachia and Laramidia . India maintained a northward course towards Asia. In the Southern Hemisphere, Australia and Antarctica seem to have remained connected and began to drift away from Africa and South America. Europe was an island chain. Populating some of these islands were endemic dwarf dinosaur species. In

297-813: The Cretaceous Period derived from the German name Kreidezeit , and T is the abbreviation for the Tertiary Period (a historical term for the period of time now covered by the Paleogene and Neogene periods). The event marks the end of the Mesozoic Era and the beginning of the Cenozoic Era. "Tertiary" being no longer recognized as a formal time or rock unit by the International Commission on Stratigraphy ,

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324-847: The K-T event is now called the Cretaceous—Paleogene (or K-Pg) extinction event by many researchers. Non- avian dinosaur fossils are found only below the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary and became extinct immediately before or during the event. A very small number of dinosaur fossils have been found above the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, but they have been explained as reworked fossils , that is, fossils that have been eroded from their original locations then preserved in later sedimentary layers. Mosasaurs , plesiosaurs , pterosaurs and many species of plants and invertebrates also became extinct. Mammalian and bird clades passed through

351-643: The Late Cretaceous, the hadrosaurs , ankylosaurs , and ceratopsians experienced success in Asiamerica (Western North America and eastern Asia). Tyrannosaurs dominated the large predator niche in North America. They were also present in Asia, although were usually smaller and more primitive than the North American varieties. Pachycephalosaurs were also present in both North America and Asia. Dromaeosaurids shared

378-633: The Mansoura University. The specific name honours Mona Shahin, one of the founders of the Mansoura University Vertebrate Paleontology Center. The Mansourasaurus specimen described in 2018 is its holotype , MUVP 200 , discovered in a layer of the Quseir Formation dating from the late Campanian , about seventy-three million years old. It consists of a partial skeleton with skull and lower jaws. It contains

405-637: The best-known continental African (i.e. excluding Madagascar ) titanosaur of the Upper Cretaceous from the time period after the Cenomanian . Its existence would show that the continent was far less isolated from the various Eurasian landmasses than had been assumed. The ancestors of Mansourasaurus would have reached Africa from Europe. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Mansoura University The faculty of medicine

432-519: The boundary with few extinctions, and evolutionary radiation from those Maastrichtian clades occurred well past the boundary. Rates of extinction and radiation varied across different clades of organisms. Many scientists hypothesize that the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinctions were caused by catastrophic events such as the massive asteroid impact that caused the Chicxulub crater , in combination with increased volcanic activity , such as that recorded in

459-636: The most common mammals in North America. In the southern hemisphere there was instead a more complex fauna of dryolestoids , gondwanatheres and other multituberculates and basal eutherians ; monotremes were presumably present, as was the last of the haramiyidans , Avashishta . Mammals, though generally small, ranged into a variety of ecological niches, from carnivores ( Deltatheroida ), to mollusc-eater ( Stagodontidae ), to herbivores (multituberculates, Schowalteria , Zhelestidae and Mesungulatidae ) to highly atypical cursorial forms ( Zalambdalestidae , Brandoniidae ). True placentals evolved only at

486-499: The murder. After conducting interviews with about 20 people, including the victim's family, judicial authorities said that Adel had repeatedly tried to approach Ashraf after she had rejected his offer of marriage. The family had also requested a restraining order against him more than two months before the murder. The murder would trigger widespread outcry both in and outside of Egypt, with the video of Ashraf's murder going viral on social media. Many Jordanian and Egyptian users called for

513-531: The numerous teleost fishes, which in turn evolved into new advanced and modern forms ( Neoteleostei ). Ichthyosaurs and pliosaurs , on the other hand, became extinct during the Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event . Near the end of the Cretaceous Period, flowering plants diversified. In temperate regions, familiar plants like magnolias , sassafras , roses , redwoods , and willows could be found in abundance. The Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event

540-625: The perpetrator to be sentenced to death, while others said men must "learn to take no for an answer". On 14 June 2023 Egyptian authorities executed Adel by hanging . Adel's death sentence was carried out in Gamasa Prison after the Court of Cassation upheld the death sentence in February. According to Times Higher Education (THE) ( Edition: 2020 ), the ranking of Mansoura University is: This article about an Egyptian institution of higher education

567-496: The same as a bull African elephant . The describing authors indicated a number of distinguishing traits. These are autapomorphies , unique derived characters. Each lower jaw dentary bears ten teeth. Where the dentaries touch each other, at the front of the lower jaws, they possess a common "chin", equalling a third of the front height. The horizontal groove in the inner side of the dentary, the fossa Meckeliana , largely opens to below. The anterior middle neck vertebrae are pierced by

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594-495: The same geographical distribution, and are well documented in both Mongolia and Western North America. Additionally therizinosaurs (known previously as segnosaurs) appear to have been in North America and Asia. Gondwana held a very different dinosaurian fauna, with most predators being abelisaurids and carcharodontosaurids ; and titanosaurs being among the dominant herbivores. Spinosaurids were also present during this time. Birds became increasingly common, diversifying in

621-433: The very end of the epoch; the same can be said for true marsupials . Instead, nearly all known eutherian and metatherian fossils belong to other groups. In the seas, mosasaurs suddenly appeared and underwent a spectacular evolutionary radiation. Modern sharks also appeared and penguin-like polycotylid plesiosaurs (3 meters long) and huge long-necked elasmosaurs (13 meters long) also diversified. These predators fed on

648-664: The width measured from the front to the rear. Mansourasaurus was placed in the Titanosauria in a derived position as a sister species of Lohuecotitan . A cladistic analysis showed it to belong to a clade of otherwise largely Eurasian sauropods, also including Ampelosaurus , Lirainosaurus , Nemegtosaurus , Opisthocoelicaudia and Paludititan , more or less contemporaneous forms. Hypotheses about relationships between Late Cretaceous African and Eurasian sauropods had been hard to test, because very few of their remains had been found in Africa. Mansourasaurus represents

675-537: Was a large-scale mass extinction of animal and plant species in a geologically short period of time, approximately 66  million years ago (Ma). It is widely known as the K–T extinction event and is associated with a geological signature, usually a thin band dated to that time and found in various parts of the world, known as the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary (K–T boundary). K is the traditional abbreviation for

702-476: Was founded in 1962 as a branch of Cairo University . In 1972, a presidential decree announced the establishment of the university under the name "East Delta University". Its name was changed to Mansoura University in 1973. In 2018, the Mansourasaurus , a genus of herbivorous lithostrotian sauropod dinosaur , had been discovered by a team under Mansoura University paleontologist Hesham Sallam and

729-431: Was named after the university. On June 20, 2022, Mohammad Adel approached fellow student Nayera Ashraf near Mansoura University, severely beat her, and stabbed her multiple times. Videos of the crime showed Ashraf fighting for her life as bystanders tried to help her. The perpetrator, Mohamed Adel, confessed to the killing and pointed to disputes between the two and her refusal of his marriage proposal as his motive for

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